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SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
Profª. Claudia de Freitas Lopes
Aula 2: LITERATURA
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
CLASS CONTENT:
Identificar o conceito básico de Literatura;
Reconhecer a importância da Literatura;
Relacionar Literatura e mistério. 
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
LITERATURE!?!
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
If there is such a thing as literary theory, then it would seem obvious that there is something called literature which it is the theory of. We can begin, then, by raising the question: what is literature? There have been various attempts to define literature. You can define it, for example, as 'imaginative' writing in the sense of fiction -writing which is not literally true. But even the briefest reflection on what people commonly include under the heading of literature suggests that this will not do. 
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
Seventeenth - century English literature includes Shakespeare, Webster , Marvell and Milton; but it also stretches to the essays of Francis Bacon, the sermons of John Donne, Bunyan's spiritual autobiography and whatever it was that Sir Thomas Browne wrote. It might even at a pinch be taken to encompass Hobbes's Leviathan or Clarendon's History of the Rebellion. French seventeenth-century literature contains, along with Comeille and Racine, La Rochefoucauld's maxims, Bossuet's funeral speeches, Boileau's treatise on poetry, Madame de Sevigne's letters to her daughter and the philosophy of Descartes and Pascal. (Terry Eagleton)
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
Water boils at 212ºF.
Napoleon died in 1821.
Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, ‘and what is the use of a book’, thought Alice, ‘without pictures or conversation?’
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
Fiction is the form of any work that deals, in part or in whole, with information or events that are not real, but rather, imaginary and theoretical—that is, invented by the author. Although the term fiction refers in particular to novels and short stories, it may also refer to a theatrical, cinematic, or musical work. Fiction contrasts with non-fiction, which deals exclusively with factual (or, at least, assumed factual) events, descriptions, observations, etc.
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
Fiction is imaginary written information, which is untrue. Realistic Fiction can actually happen, and the author may be describing events that are real in the story. An example of a novel that actually did take place is called From The Earth To The Moon by Jule's Verne's. This is an event that actually ended up taking place when Neil Armstrong went to the moon. 
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
Realistic fiction – plot which, although untrue, could actually happen. Some events, people, and places may even be real. It may be possible that, in the future, imagined events could physically happen. For example, Jules Vernes novel From The Earth To The Moon was proven possible in 1969, when Neil Armstrong landed on the Moon. Science fiction often predicts technologies that later become a reality.
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
Another sub-genre that may be included in this is crime fiction like Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle, Hercule Poirot by Agatha Christie, Gremlin Greaves by Svaj Darwin and so on. All these works depict a fictional but plausible story.
Historical fiction is also a sub-genre that takes fictional characters and puts them into real world events. For example, Diana Gabaldon's characters in "The Outlander" series involves time travel and love in Scotland but also contains historical events such as the Battle of Culloden.
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
Non-realistic fiction
Non-realistic fiction is that in which the story's events could not happen in real life, which involve an alternate form of history of mankind other than that recorded, or need impossible technology. A good deal of fiction books are like this, including works by Lewis Carroll (Alice In Wonderland), J. K. Rowling (Harry Potter), and J. R. R. Tolkien (The Lord of the Rings).
However, even fantastic literature is bidimensional: it is situated between the poles of realism and the marvelous or mythic. 
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
Geographical details, character descriptions etc. create a rhetoric of realism, which "invites the reader to ignore the text's artifice, to suspend one's disbelief, exercise poetic faith and thereby indulge in the narrative's imaginative world". The bidimensionality appears within the story as astonishment or frightening. According to G. W. Young and G. Wolfe, fictional realities outside the text are evoked, and the reader's previous conceptions of reality are exposed as incomplete. Hence, "by fiction is one able to gain even fuller constructs of what constitutes reality". 
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
“A reader lives a thousand lives before he dies, said Jojen. The man who never reads live only one.” George R. R. Martin
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
Fiction enables us to explore the recesses of man’s head and heart with a torch; history allows us only the natural light of day, which does not usually shine into such places. Literature is man’s exploration of man by artificial light, which is better than natural light because we can direct it where we want.
David Daisches, A Study of Literature for Reading and Critics (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1948)24
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
It is through literature that a student learns to examine thought and action compassionately. When a reader is able to identify with a character and his conflict or problem in a story and see life through the eyes of this character, that reader has begun to share an author’s insight and has thus begun to read with appreciation. Reading in this way is to respond both emotionally and intellectually. As you read this powerfully-written novel by Paule Marshall, we hope that it delights, enlightens, humanizes, and sensitizes you as members of our uniquely diverse community here in Prince George’s County.
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
The way you approach reading a literary work is very important. While reading you must be able to see relationships, perceive the development of character, theme, symbols, and be able to detect multiple meanings. You can reject or accept, like or dislike the literary work, depending on the effect it has on you. It is okay to do so. You shouldn’t jump to a final judgment too soon, whether it is about the character, the theme, or other elements. Remember: People and situations are not always as they appear at first. Be objective because your emotional reaction can sometimes cause unsound perception and interpretation. 
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
Keep this question in mind — “Can I justify my judgments based on evidence from the work itself?”  
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
THE IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE
Literature preserves the ideals of a people; and ideals – love, faith, duty, friendship, freedom, reverence – are the part of human life most
worthy of preservation. The Greeks were a marvelous people; yet of all their mighty works we cherish only a few ideals, - ideals of beauty in perishable stone, and ideals of truth in imperishable prose and poetry. It was simply the ideals of the Greeks and Hebrews and Romans, preserved in their literature, which made them what they were, and which determined their value to future generations.
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
Literature preserves the ideals of a civilization and allows these ideas to be passed from father to son, so that, long after a civilization is gone from the face of the earth, their ideals still endure.
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
According to a research conducted by Raymond Mar (2009), literature can actually improve us as people. Indeed, “individuals who often read fiction appear to be better able to understand other people, empathize with them and view the world from their perspective” (Paul, A.M., 2013).
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
We also read good literary works for the sheer pleasure we take in a work of art of any kind. Readers are likely to respond to well-chosen and well-ordered words, though, they might not be able to identify precisely what they are responding to, especially when they are not very experienced readers. 
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA
Akerman Freud Todorov
LITERATURE AND THE UNCANNY
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO
AULA 2: LITERATURA