ingles aula 3

Prévia do material em texto

CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
 -1- 
 
AULA 3 
 
THE LITTLE WORD ‘OF’ 
 
 Antes de responder as questões de reading comprehension sobre o 
texto Sociedade da Informação, faça a correlação de ‘A’ com B’ na tabela 
abaixo. Todos as expressões com a palavra ‘of’ foram retirados do texto. 
 
A B 
1. streams of online information a. ( ) uma série de programas 
2. array of programmes b. ( ) no coração deste processo 
3. service of higher quality c. ( ) serviço de maior qualidade 
4. worlds of broadcasting d. ( ) condições dos fornecedores 
5. at the heart of this process e. ( ) correntes de ‘info’ na rede 
6. terms of suppliers f. ( ) mundos das transmissões 
 
Text 1: INFORMATION SOCIETY 
 
In brief: Practically non-existent 15 years ago mobile phones are everywhere. 
The internet provides endless streams of online information. We are offered a 
bewildering array of programmes* and services as high-capacity digital systems 
bring together two formerly separate worlds of broadcasting and 
telecommunications. This revolution in information technology is creating the 5 
information society - at home, at school and at work. The European Union and its 
policies and actions have guided and supported the revolution since the beginning. 
 The communications revolution is driven by technology and market 
forces. The European Union has been at the heart of this process, setting the 
pace for opening markets, maintaining equal opportunities for all participants, 10 
creating a dynamic regulatory structure, defending consumer interests and even 
setting technical standards. The old publicly-owned telephone monopolies that 
once ran protected national markets have been transfigured. Aggressive and 
innovative newcomers have moved in, offering imaginative new services, 
attractively packaged. Competition has forced prices down and quality up. 15 
 The result for individuals and businesses is cheaper and better service of a 
higher quality and reliability. Consumer choice has widened both terms of 
suppliers and of services on offer. Demand for mobile telephones and internet 
access exploded. Now 90% of schools and businesses in the EU are online, 
while more than half the population are regular internet users. The information 20 
and communications sector is among the most dynamic in the European Union 
and globally. (Excerpt from Overviews of the European Union activities) 
visit: http://europa.eu.int/pol/infso/overview_em.htm [access: 15/05/05] 
 
(*) Spelling differences: 
programmes (n.) (UK) // programs (n.) (US) 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -2- 
 
 Segundo os linguists a incidência da key word ‘of’ nos textos é 
impressionante (vem em segundo lugar - só perde para a palavra ‘the’); é muito 
superior à importância que a ela se dá. É comum em expressões como as que 
destacamos anteriormente. Passe a observar outras expressões com ‘of’. 
 
READING STRATEGIES 
ESTRATÉGIAS DE LEITURA 
 
I - STRATEGY 1: Highlighting the true cognates 
O texto ‘Information Society’ contém aproximadamente 250 palavras. Dentre 
essas há várias palavras transparentes, vários true cognates. Nos mesmos 
moldes das lições anteriores, assinale esses verdadeiros cognatos. Cheguei 
facilmente a 35% das palavras. 
_______________________________________________________________ 
_______________________________________________________________ 
_______________________________________________________________ 
_______________________________________________________________ 
_______________________________________________________________ 
_______________________________________________________________ 
 
II - STRATEGY 2: Inferring the main idea of the text 
 Qualquer aluno com um mínimo de conhecimento de inglês entenderá 
que o título “Information Society” significa ‘Sociedade da Informação’. 
 Às vezes um título, um sub-título, um abstract (neste caso significando: 
sumário) são extremamente significativos e ajudam a inferir a idéia principal. É 
bem verdade que nas provas da ESAF nem sempre o título do texto é ‘mamão 
com açúcar’ como o supracitado. Mas nunca deixe de analisá-lo. 
 Como teste proponho o título do texto da recente prova (06/2005) da 
ESAF para AFC que começaremos a estudar nesta aula. Responda as questões: 
 
 “Specter of Rising Inflation Sends Shares to New Lows for 2005” 
 
a) Quais dessas palavras você considera true cognates? 
 ___________________________________________ 
b) Sem consultar o dicionário, com quais das outras você está familiarizado? 
 __________________________________________________________ 
c) Finalmente, e mais importante, em quanto a tradução fragmentada ou 
integral do texto lhe permite inferir sobre o que trata o texto? 
 ___________________________________________________ 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -3- 
 
 
READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS 
 
 Responda Falso (F) ou Verdadeiro (V). 
 
1. ( ) Mobile phones have been everywhere for 15 years. 
 
2. ( ) The current revolution in information technology is creating the 
information society. 
 
3. ( ) The European Union has given support to this revolution since the 
beginning. 
 
4. ( ) Market forces have no influence whatsoever in this revolution. 
 
5. ( ) There has been the transfiguration of old publicly-owned telephone 
monopolies 
 
6. ( ) 90 % of the EU population are regular Internet users. 
 
 
ANALYSIS OF THE TEXT 
 
ADJ + NOUN // NOUN + NOUN 
 
From text 1: 
“Practically non-existent 15 years ago mobile phones are everywhere” (L-1) 
“This revolution in information technology is creating the information society 
 
 Numa das participações na área livre do site falei sobre collocations. 
No caso acima não vamos nos ater à distinção entre collocations e meras 
combinations de palavras. Aguce a sua observação para os word chunks 
formados por um adjetivo + substantivo ou mesmo substantivo + substantivo 
onde o primeiro faz as vezes de adjetivo. Correlacione A com B: 
 
A B 
1. information a. ( ) access 
2. market b. ( ) choice 
3. consumer c. ( ) standard 
4. technical d. ( ) forces 
5. innovative e. ( ) sector 
6. internet f. ( ) newcomers 
7. communications g. ( )technology 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -4- 
 
 
WORD FORMS 
 
a) the prefix NON- 
 
From the text ‘Information Society’ 
“Practically non-existent 15 years ago mobile phones are everywhere.” (L-1) 
 
 O prefixo NON – é um dos formadores de antônimos. É colocado diante 
de substantivos ou adjetivos. O hífen nem sempre é usado, mas é mantido 
quando a outra palavra começa por letra maiúscula. 
 
Exs.: I’d like to reserve a table for two. Non-smoking section, please. 
 Queria reservar uma mesa para dois. Área de não fumantes, por favor. 
 
 This is not a nonstop flight, madam. 
 Este não é um vôo sem escalas, senhora. 
 
 Helga took part in the non-violent demonstration. 
 A Helga participou da manifestação pacífica.. 
 
 My grandfather was a non-smoker all his life. 
 Meu avô foi um não-fumante durante toda sua vida. 
 
 That’s just nonsense! You can’t go there alone at this late hour. 
 Isto é absurdo! Você não pode sair só a esta hora. 
 
 What kind of books do you prefer: science fiction or nonfiction? 
 Que tipo de livros você prefere - ficção científica ou não ficção? 
 
 Acrescente aqui outras palavras com esta mesma 
formação quando encontrá-las emsuas leituras. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -5- 
 
b) the suffix -LESS 
 
From the text ‘Information Society’ 
 “The internet provides endless streams of online information” (L-2) 
 
 O sufixo –LESS forma adjetivos. No exemplo do texto acima endless 
significa sem fim, interminável. Estude os exemplos a seguir: 
 
 My daughter ran up to meet me so fast that she felt breathless. 
 Minha filha correu tanto para me encontrar que se sentiu sem fôlego. 
 
 Joel was arrested for careless driving. 
 Joel foi preso por direção descuidada. 
 
 Acrescente aqui outras palavras com esta mesma 
formação quando encontrá-las em suas leituras. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
c) the suffix -FUL 
 
 Mesmo não aparecendo no texto 1, resolve incluir logo o sufixo -FUL 
também formador de adjetivos e que dá a idéia oposta à do sufixo –LESS. 
 
Exs.: Jennifer has always been a careful driver. 
 A Jennifer sempre foi uma motorista cuidadosa. 
 
 Your niece must have been a beautiful baby. 
 Sua sobrinha deve ter sido uma neném bonita. 
 
 Acrescente aqui outras palavras com esta mesma 
formação quando encontrá-las em suas leituras. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -6- 
 
 
d) the suffix –(I)TY 
 
From the text ‘Information Society’ 
“The result for individuals and businesses is cheaper and better service of a 
higher quality and reliability.” (L-16/17) 
 
 Este sufixo, muito freqüente em inglês, forma substantivos cuja 
terminação em português é normalmente ‘-dade’. Ocorrem algumas pequenas 
alterações ortográficas às vezes. No exemple acima, do adjetivo reliable 
(=confiável) chega-se ao substantivo reliability (= confiabilidade). 
 
Exs.: Ben is so irresponsible. I’m tired of his irresponsibility. 
 O Ben é tão irresponsável. Estou cansado de sua irresponsabilidade. 
 
 Actually, I see no reason for this feeling of inferiority. 
 Na verdade, não vejo razão para este sentimento de inferioridade. 
 
 The president’s popularity has declined lately. 
 A popularidade do presidente tem caído ultimamente. 
 
 As vezes apenas –TY é acrescentado ao adjetivo: 
 
Exs.: We were amazed by the cruelty shown by the bandits. 
 Ficamos estarrecidos com a crueldade demonstrada pelos bandidos . 
 
 This is a privilege only for the members of royalty. 
 Este é um privilégio só para os membros da realeza. 
 
 Acrescente aqui outras palavras com esta mesma formação 
quando encontrá-las em suas leituras. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -7- 
 
 
e) the suffix –ER 
 
 From the text ‘Information Society’ 
 “Consumer choice has widened both terms of suppliers and of services 
on offer.” (L-17/18) 
 “The result … is cheaper and better service of a higher quality and 
reliability.” (L-16/17) 
 
c.1) Sufixo formador de substantivos, correspondendo àquele /a que faz 
 
Verbo Substantivo Tradução 
borrow borrower tomador de empréstimo 
lend lender emprestador 
supply supplier fornecedor 
 
c.2) sufixo formador do grau comparativo dos short adjectives 
 
Adjetivo Comparativo Tradução 
cheap cheaper mais barato 
high higher mais alto 
low lower mais baixo 
 
 Acrescente aqui outras palavras com esta mesma formação 
quando encontrá-las em suas leituras. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -8- 
 
 
TRUE COGNATES & FALSE COGNATES 
 
From the text ‘The Information Society’ 
“The European Union and its policies and actions have guided and supported 
the revolution since the beginning.” (L- 6/7) 
 
A palavra policies não significa polícias e, sim, políticas; o verbo support 
pode ser traduzido por suportar em português, dependendo do contexto. Mas no 
caso acima devemos entender como ‘apoiar’. 
 
I - Write (T) true or (F) false in parentheses 
 
1. We’ll resume work after lunch. 
 resume means resumir ( ) 
 
2. She’s a woman of exquisite tastes. 
 Exquisite means estranhos ( ) 
 
3. Stop pretending that you have a fever. 
 Pretend means fingir ( ) 
 
4. In my opinion it was an ingenious plan. 
 ingenious means ingênuo ( ) 
 
5. Are you familiar with Jorge Amado’s novels? 
 novels mean romances ( ) 
 
6. With profound disgust I entered the place. 
 Disgust means nojo ( ) 
 
7. It all depends on how much is available. 
 available means avaliável ( ) 
 
8. Your contribution was most invaluable. 
 invaluable means sem valor ( ) 
 
9. Helen’s father is a renowned physician. 
 Physician means físico. ( ) 
 
10. Her daughter is a very sensitive girl. 
 sensitive means sensata ( ) 
 
11. In order to reach an agreement both sides had to compromise. 
 compromise means comprometer-se ( ) 
 
12. Mr. Parris agreed that it was a rather vexed question. 
 vexed means embaraçosa. ( ) 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -9- 
 
 
VOCABULARY BUILD-UP 
 
Specialized vocabulary: economic terms 
 
EXERCISE 1- Use the words in the box to match the brief definitions: 
 
 cost of living economical protectionism 
 standard of living economic inflation 
 
1. ________________ relating to an economy or economics 
2. ________________ using a minimum of resources, cheap 
3. ________________ a rise in the general Ieve1 of prices, and an 
increase in the money supply 
4. ________________ a measure of the amount of money that has to be 
paid for essentials (food, accommodation, 
heating, clothing, etc) 
5. ________________ a measure off the amount of disposable income 
that people have to spend on both necessities 
and luxuries. 
6. ________________ the practice of restricting imports in order to 
increase the sales of domestic products. 
 (Adapted from Financial English by Ian Mackenzie, page 89, LTP) 
 
Specialized vocabulary: money and payments 
 
EXERCISE 2- Use the words in the box to match the brief definitions: 
 
currency borrower pension rebate fee 
installment premium dividend yield budget 
 
1. .......................... = monthly payment one has to make for buying on credit. 
2. ………............... = payment of a share in a business paid to shareholders. 
3. ........................... = money paid for an insurance policy. 
4. ........................... = money a lender gets for a loan or investment. 
5. ........................... = money received by retired people. 
6. ...........................= payment to lawyers, doctors, etc. for professional services. 
7. ........................... = return of part of a payment reduction. 
8. ........................... = money that is in official use in a country. 
9. ........................... = one who has taken money to be repaid at interest or not. 
10. .......................... = estimate of future income and expenses made by a person 
or business. 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -10- 
 
 
SUMMARY OF VERB TENSES 
RESUMO DOS TEMPOS VERBAIS 
 
4.1 PRESENT PERFECT 
 
 Utilizemos as expressões walk fast (=andar apressadamente) com o 
verbo regular walk e be quiet (=ficar quieto), com o verbo irregular be. 
 
AFFIRMATIVE 
 
 I / You / We / They have walked fast/ been quiet 
 He / She / It has walked fast/ been quiet 
 
Como você observa usa-se o presente simples do auxiliar‘to have’ + particípio 
passado do verbo principal. 
 
QUESTIONS 
 
 Have I / You / We / They walked fast/ been quiet? 
 Has He / She / It walked fast/ been quiet? 
 
Formamos a interrogativa com a inversão do auxiliar ‘have’ e o sujeito da frase. 
 
NEGATIVE 
 
 I / You / We / They have not walked fast/ been quiet 
 He / She / It has not walked fast/ been quiet 
 
Formamos a negativa colocando ‘not’ após as formas do auxiliar ‘have’. 
You find the contracted forms: has not = hasn’t / have not = haven’t 
 
4.2 USES OF THE PRESENT PERFECT 
 
a) to say that an action has just taken place or has repeatedly happened 
already but the definite time is not specified. 
 Para dizer que uma ação acaba de acontecer – ou aconteceu repetidas 
vezes sem que um tempo definido seja especificado. 
 
Exs.: Mr. Hart has just left. 
 O Sr. Hart acabou de sair. 
 
 I’m not going to the movies with you. I’ve already seen that movie twice. 
 Não vou ao cinema com você. Já vi esse filme duas vezes. 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -11- 
 
 Jennifer has not read Jô’s latest book. 
 Jennifer não leu o último livro do Jô. 
 
b) To express actions which begin in the past and are connected with the 
present and are likely to go on in the future. ‘For’ and ‘since’ are 
commonly used. 
 Para expressar ações que começaram no passado, têm conexão com o 
presente e possivelmente continuarão no futuro. As preposições ‘for’ e ‘since’ 
são comumente usadas.] 
 
Exs.: Mr. Dunlop has worked at C& C for more than 20 years. (He began 20 
years ago and is still working there.) 
 O Sr. Dunlop trabalha na C&C há mais de vinte anos. Começou há vinte anos 
e ainda trabalha lá. 
 
 Denise has studied English since her childhood. (and she keeps on 
studying the language till now ) 
 Denise estuda inglês desde a sua infância. [continua a estudar até hoje.] 
 
c) Brazilian students should pay close attention to the use of the present 
perfect after the expression “It’s the first time (that) ... (In Portuguese 
we use the present simple) 
 Os alunos brasileiros devem prestar atenção ao uso do presente perfeito 
após a expressão ‘É a primeira vez (que)] 
 
Exs.: It’s the first time I have been to the Maracanã Stadium. 
 [I had never been here before] 
 É a primeira vez que venho ao estádio do Maracanã. 
 [Não tinha estado lá antes] 
 
 It’s the first time that Laura has seen Casablanca. 
 [She hadn’t seen the movie before] 
 É a primeira vez que Laura viu Casablanca. 
 [Não tinha visto o filme antes] 
 
Traduza os seguintes fragmentos do texto ‘Information Society’ 
 
1. “The EU has supported the communications revolution since the beginning.” 
 ___________________________________________________________________ 
2. “Aggressive and innovative newcomers have moved in ... 
 ___________________________________________________________________ 
3. “Competition has forced prices down...” 
 ___________________________________________________________________ 
4. Consumer choice has widened 
 ___________________________________________________________________ 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -12- 
 
 
A LOOK AT PAST EXAMS 
 
ESAF /AFC STN/2005 
 
Breve análise sobre o título: 
 
1. Quais palavras dele você considerou true cognates? 
 ________________________________________________________ 
2. Você sabia o significado de shares, de rising antes de ler o texto? 
 ________________________________________________________ 
3. Last but not least: Quanto a sua tradução - fragmentada ou na íntegra 
do título - lhe ajudou para saber a idéia principal do texto? 
 ________________________________________________________ 
 
 
 Read the text below in order to answer questions 21 to 23. 
 
Specter of Rising Inflation Sends Shares to New Lows for 2005 
 Fears of rising inflation sent stocks to new lows for the year yesterday 
after the government reported a sharp increase in consumer prices that all but 
guaranteed that the Federal Reserve would continue to push interest rates higher 
even as the economy may be slowing. 
 Last week investors were worried about the effect of slower economic 
growth on corporate earnings. The addition of inflation fears to the mix put 
nerves on Wall Street even more on edge. 
 A 0.6 percent increase in the Consumer Price Index last month was the 
largest in five months the government reported. The 0.4 percent jump in the 
core rate, which excludes food and energy was twice the forecast from analysts 
and the highest monthly increase in nearly four years. 
 While some economists predicted that inflation should moderate in 
coming months, higher energy costs due to the international petroleum price 
hike have pushed consumer prices steadily higher so that they have been 
running at an annual rate of 3 percent or more for several months. (Source The 
New York Times April 21st (2005 (adapted) 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -13- 
 
 
21. Investors in the USA are reacting negatively to 
a) Federal Reserve consumer price guarantees. 
b) a possible sharp increase in share prices. 
c) a dangerous level of nervousness in Walt Street. 
d) economic deceleration combined with higher inflation. 
e) the administration’s refusal to increase interest rates. 
 
22. According to the text last month the consumer price index 
a) rose by more than pundits had expected. 
b) increased by almost one percentage point. 
c) caused an unexpected drop in corporate earnings. 
d) guaranteed Federal Reserve Bonds. 
e) startled the core rate into a severe jump 
 
23. In the last paragraph, the rising cost of consumer goods is attributed to 
a) an annual growth rate of 3 % or more. 
b) a moderate fall in the inflation rate. 
c) the recent sharp increase in oil prices. 
d) several months of economic slowdown. 
e) the dire predictions of some economists. 
 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -14- 
 
 
ANSWERS 
 
Pre-test: The little Word ‘of’ 
a. 2 b. 5 c. 3 d. 6 e. 1 f. 4 
 
Aqui estão os true cognates, os numerais e demais sinais pictográficos do 
text 1 que poderiam ser assinalados. 
 
Text 1: INFORMATION SOCIETY 
 
In brief: Practically non-existent 15 years ago mobile phones are 
everywhere. The internet provides endless streams of online information. We are 
offered a bewildering array of programmes and services as high-capacity digital 
systems bring together two formerly separate worlds of broadcasting and 
telecommunications. This revolution in information technology is creating the 
information society - at home, at school and at work. The European Union and its 
policies* and actions have guided and supported the revolution since the 
beginning. 
 The communications revolution is driven by technology and market 
forces. The European Union has been at the heart of this process, setting the 
pace for opening markets, maintaining equal opportunities for all participants, 
creating a dynamic regulatory structure, defending consumer interests and 
even setting technical standards. The old publicly-owned telephone monopolies 
that once ran protected national markets have been transfigured. Aggressive 
and innovative newcomers have moved in, offering imaginative new services, 
attractively packaged. Competition has forced prices down and quality up. 
 The result for individuals and businesses is cheaper and better service of a 
higher quality and reliability. Consumer choice has widened both terms of suppliers 
and of services on offer. Demandfor mobile telephones and internet access 
exploded. Now 90% of schools and businesses in the EU are online, while more 
than half the population are regular internet users. The information and 
communications sector is among the most dynamic in the European Union and 
globally. 
 
Reading Comprehension: Falso (F) ou Verdadeiro (V). 
1. (F) 2. (V) 3. (V) 4. (F) 5. (V) 6. (F) 
 
Combinations - Correlação A /B 
a. 6 b. 3 c. 4 d. 2 e. 7 f. 5 g. 1 
 
Present perfect from the text ‘Information Society’ 
1. A UE apóia (tem apoiado)a revolução das comunicações desde o seu início. 
2. Recém-chegados dinâmicos e inovadores juntaram-se à 
3. A concorrência forçou os preços para baixo… 
4. A escolha do consumidor se ampliou (tem-se ampliado) 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -15- 
 
 
I - False cognates? //(T) true or (F) false 
 
1. (F) We’ll resume work after lunch (= Vamos recomeçar o trabalho após o 
almoço) Resumir ( = summarize) 
2. (F) She’s a woman of exquisite tastes. (= Ela é uma mulher de gostos 
refinados) // Estranho pode ser strange, odd, weird dependendo do contexto. 
3. (V) Stop pretending that you have a fever. (= Pare de fingir que está com 
febre) // Pretender em inglês é intend, have the intention of) 
4. (F) In my opinion it was an ingenious plan. (=Em minha opinião era um 
plano engenhoso) ingênuo é naive or ingenuous. 
5. (V) Are you familiar with Jorge Amado’s novels? (=Você está familiarizados 
com os romances de Jorge Amado? // novelas = soap operas, ou só ‘soaps’. 
6. ( V) With profound disgust I entered the place. (=Com profundo nojo entrei 
no local) // desgosto = disappointment. 
7. (F) It all depends on how much is available. (=Tudo depende do quanto está 
disponível) avaliável é appraisable, that can be appraised. 
8. (F) Your contribution was most invaluable. (=Sua contribuição foi realmente 
inestimável) sem valor é worthless. 
9. (F) Helen’s father is a renowned physician. (=O pai de Helen é um renomado 
médico.) físico = physicist. 
10. (F) Her daughter is a very sensitive girl. (=Sua filha é uma garota muito 
sensível) sensata = sensible. 
11. (F) In order to reach an agreement both sides had to compromise.(=Para 
chegar a um acordo amboas as parte tiveram que fazer concessõess) // 
comprometer-se = commit oneself to. 
12. (F) Mr. Parris agreed that it was a rather vexed question. (=O Sr. Parris 
concordou que se tratava de uma questão controversa.) embaraçosa = 
embarrassing. 
 
EXERCISE 1 - Specialized vocabulary: economic terms 
1. economic=relating to an economy or economics 
2. economical =using a minimum of resources, cheap 
3. inflation = a rise in the general Ieve1 of prices, and an increase in the 
money supply 
4. cost of living= a measure of the amount of money that has to be paid for 
essentials (food, accommodation, heating, clothing, etc) 
5. standard of living = a measure of the amount of disposable income that 
people have to spend on both necessities and luxuries. 
6. protectionism = the practice of restricting imports in order to 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -16- 
 
 
EXERCISE 2- Money and Payment 
1. installment = monthly payment one has to make for buying on credit. 
2. dividend = payment of a share in a business paid to shareholders. 
3. premium = money paid for an insurance policy. 
4. yield = money a lender gets for a loan or investment. 
5. pension = money received by retired people. 
6. fee = payment to lawyers, doctors, etc. for professional services. 
7. rebate = return of part of a payment reduction. 
8. currency = money that is in official use in a country. 
9. borrower = one who has taken money to be repaid at interest or not. 
10. budget = estimate of future income and expenses made by a person or 
business. 
 
ESAF /AFC STN/2005 
 “Specter of Rising Inflation Sends Shares to New Lows for 2005” 
 “O fantasma da inflação crescente provoca novas quedas nas cotações 
das ações para 2005” 
 
The search for true Cognates 
 Fears of rising inflation sent stocks to new lows for the year yesterday 
after the government reported a sharp increase in consumer prices that all but 
guaranteed that the Federal Reserve would continue to push interest rates 
higher even as the economy may be slowing. 
 Last week investors were worried about the effect of slower economic 
growth on corporate earrings. The addition of inflation fears to the mix put 
nerves on Wall Street even more on edge. 
 A 0.6 percent increase in the Consumer Price Index last month was the 
largest in five months the government reported. The 0.4 percent jump in the 
core rate, which excludes food and energy was twice the forecast from analysts 
and the highest monthly increase in nearly four years. 
 While some economists predicted that inflation should moderate in 
coming months, higher energy costs due to the international petroleum price 
hike have pushed consumer prices steadily higher so that they have been 
running at an annual rate of 3 percent or more for several months. (Source The 
New York Times April 21st (2005 (adapted) 
 
Answers to the multiple-choice questions: 
21. D 22. A 23. C 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -17- 
 
 
AULA 3 
 
 Avalie se os seguintes objetivos desta aula foram alcançados. 
 
 
TÓPICOS & OBJETIVOS 
 
 Raise your awareness of: 
 Despertar sua conscientização para: 
 
I – Reading Strategy (III): Inferring the Main Idea 
 Estratégia de Leitura (II): Inferência da Idéia principal 
 
II – Study of text 1: Information Society … 
 Estudo do texto1 “A Sociedade da Informação” 
 
III – Key Word OF Exercise 
 A Palavra-chave: OF / Exercício 
 
IV – Word Forms – The prefix –NON 
 Formação de Palavras – prefixo –NON 
 
V – Word Forms – The suffixes: –LESS, –FUL, –(I)TY, –ER 
 Formação de Palavras – Sufixos: -LESS, -FUL, -(I)TY, -ER 
 
VI - Summary of Verb Tenses: Present Perfect 
 Resumo dos tempos verbais: Presente Perfeito 
 
VII – False Cognates or True Cognates? 
 Falsos Cognatos ou Verdadeiros Cognatos? 
 
VIII – Vocabulary Build-up: Specialized vocabulary 
 Construção de Vocabulário: Vocabulário técnico (Jargão) 
 
IX– Analysis of past exams: ESAF / AFC/STN – 2005 
 Análise de provas anteriores: ESAF / AFC / STN – 2005 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br