<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 x0 h1 y0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">In<span class="_0 blank"></span>tro<span class="_1 blank"> </span>dução à Probabilidade</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1">Notas de A<span class="_0 blank"></span>ula</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Leonardo T. Rolla</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y3 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">26 de janeiro de 2019</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x4 y4 w1 h5" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/b167c4cb-a229-48ee-856a-93e7b70c3be6/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y5 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0">c</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y6 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1">\ue00d<span class="ff3 ls0 ws4">2012\u20132019 Leonardo T. Rolla.</span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y7 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5">A qualquer p<span class="_2 blank"> </span>essoa que receba uma cópia deste trabalho,<span class="_3 blank"> </span>é</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y8 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4">concedida licença para:</div><div class="t m0 x7 h6 y9 ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2">X<span class="ff3 ls0 ws4">Visualizar este trabalho em disp<span class="_2 blank"> </span>ositiv<span class="_4 blank"></span>o eletrônico.</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h6 ya ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2">X<span class="ff3 ls0 ws4">Imprimir ou foto<span class="_2 blank"> </span>copiar este trabalho.</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h6 yb ff5 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2">X<span class="ff3 ls0 ws6">Distribuir a terceiros uma cópia deste trabalho, desde</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 yc ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws7">que sem mo<span class="_2 blank"> </span>di\ufb01caçõ<span class="_2 blank"> </span>es e em sua in<span class="_4 blank"></span>tegralidade, com 195</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 yd ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4">páginas, incluindo a capa e esta nota.</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 ye ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4">Disp<span class="_2 blank"> </span>onív<span class="_4 blank"></span>el para do<span class="_4 blank"></span>wnload gratuito em <span class="ff6 fs5 ws8">http://mate.dm.uba.ar/~leorolla/</span>.</div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 yf ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4">26 de janeiro de 2019.</div><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:246.844000px;bottom:223.201000px;width:86.675000px;height:10.792000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 xa h7 y10 ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0">Prefácio</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y11 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsa">Estas notas foram pro<span class="_2 blank"> </span>duzidas a partir de notas de aula das disciplinas <span class="ff8 wsb">Pr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ob<span class="_0 blank"></span>a-</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y12 ff8 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsb">bilidade<span class="ff3 wsc">,<span class="_3 blank"> </span>do mestrado em Ciências Atuariais da PUC-Rio, ministrada em 2006,</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y13 ff8 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsd">Intr<span class="_0 blank"></span>o<span class="_4 blank"></span>duç<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão à Pr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ob<span class="_4 blank"></span>abilidade<span class="ff3 wse">,<span class="_5 blank"> </span>ministrada em 2012 e 2013 no IMP<span class="_0 blank"></span>A, e <span class="ff8 wsd">T<span class="_6 blank"></span>e<span class="_0 blank"></span>oria da</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y14 ff8 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsb">Pr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ob<span class="_4 blank"></span>abilidade<span class="ff3 ws4">, ministrada em 2017 na NYU-Shanghai.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y15 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsf">P<span class="_4 blank"></span>ara seguir estas notas não é necessário qualquer conhecimen<span class="_4 blank"></span>to prévio em</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y16 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws10">Probabilidade.<span class="_7 blank"> </span>Os pré-requisitos são cálculo de deriv<span class="_0 blank"></span>adas e integrais em <span class="ff9 ls3">R<span class="ffa fs6 ls4 v1">d</span></span>,</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y17 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">limites de sequências, conv<span class="_4 blank"></span>ergência de séries, e limites laterais de funçõ<span class="_2 blank"> </span>es.<span class="_8 blank"> </span>P<span class="_4 blank"></span>ara</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y18 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws12">seguir as demonstraçõ<span class="_2 blank"> </span>es mais a<span class="_4 blank"></span>v<span class="_0 blank"></span>ançadas, o leitor deve estar familiarizado com as</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y19 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws13">propriedades elemen<span class="_4 blank"></span>tares de <span class="ffb ws14">lim sup<span class="_9 blank"> </span></span><span class="ls5">e</span><span class="ffb ws15">lim<span class="_a blank"> </span>inf </span>, p<span class="_2 blank"> </span>olinômios de T<span class="_6 blank"></span>aylor e supremo de</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y1a ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws16">conjun<span class="_4 blank"></span>tos.</div><div class="t m0 xa h8 y1b ff7 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws17">Descrição e In<span class="_4 blank"></span>terdep<span class="_2 blank"> </span>endência dos Capítulos</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y1c ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws18">A primeira parte destas notas consiste de 4 capítulos que dev<span class="_4 blank"></span>em ser estudados em</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y1d ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws19">sequência, antes de passar para os capítulos seguin<span class="_0 blank"></span>tes.<span class="_b blank"> </span>No Capítulo 1 in<span class="_4 blank"></span>tro<span class="_2 blank"> </span>duzimos</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y1e ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1a">os espaços de probabilidade, probabilidade condicional e indep<span class="_2 blank"> </span>endência de even<span class="_0 blank"></span>tos.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y1f ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1b">Os Capítulos 2 e 3 estudam as v<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariáv<span class="_0 blank"></span>eis aleatórias e vetores aleatórios, com ênfase</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y20 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1c">nos casos discreto e absolutamen<span class="_4 blank"></span>te con<span class="_4 blank"></span>tín<span class="_4 blank"></span>uo.<span class="_c blank"> </span>No Capítulo 4 é estudada a esperança</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y21 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4">matemática, suas propriedades, momen<span class="_4 blank"></span>tos, v<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariância e algumas desigualdades.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y22 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1d">A segunda parte con<span class="_4 blank"></span>tém uma escolha de assun<span class="_4 blank"></span>tos mais com<span class="_4 blank"></span>umen<span class="_4 blank"></span>te abordados em</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y23 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1e">um curso in<span class="_4 blank"></span>tro<span class="_2 blank"> </span>dutório de Probabilidade.<span class="_d blank"> </span>O Capítulo 5 trata do lema de Borel-</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y24 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1f">Can<span class="_4 blank"></span>telli e da con<span class="_4 blank"></span>v<span class="_4 blank"></span>ergência de v<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariáv<span class="_0 blank"></span>eis aleatórias.<span class="_b blank"> </span>Os Capítulos 6 e 7 apresen<span class="_4 blank"></span>tam a</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y25 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws20">Lei dos Grandes Números e o T<span class="_6 blank"></span>eorema Central do Limite.<span class="_c blank"> </span>O Capítulo 8 in<span class="_4 blank"></span>tro<span class="_2 blank"> </span>duz a</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y26 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws21">função geradora de momen<span class="_4 blank"></span>tos e a função característica, incluindo con<span class="_4 blank"></span>v<span class="_4 blank"></span>ergência em</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y27 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws22">distribuição.<span class="_c blank"> </span>No Capítulo 9 estudamos a esperança condicional dada uma partição e</div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y28 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0">5</div><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[13,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:322.988000px;bottom:189.251000px;width:6.974000px;height:10.793000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[33,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:89.873000px;bottom:162.950000px;width:6.974000px;height:10.792000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[53,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:105.726000px;bottom:162.950000px;width:6.974000px;height:10.792000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[71,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:280.991000px;bottom:149.799000px;width:6.974000px;height:10.793000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[99,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:271.616000px;bottom:106.363000px;width:6.973000px;height:10.792000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[111,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:306.672000px;bottom:93.212000px;width:6.974000px;height:10.792000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[117,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:321.925000px;bottom:93.212000px;width:6.973000px;height:10.792000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[127,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:335.049000px;bottom:80.061000px;width:6.974000px;height:10.793000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[139,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:142.710000px;bottom:53.759000px;width:6.974000px;height:10.793000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 xa h6 y29 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls6">6<span class="ffc ls0 ws23">PREF<span class="_6 blank"></span>Á<span class="_0 blank"></span>CIO</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y2a ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws24">a esp<span class="_2 blank"> </span>erança condicional regular.<span class="_c blank"> </span>Os capítulos desta segunda parte são basicamente</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y2b ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws25">indep<span class="_2 blank"> </span>enden<span class="_4 blank"></span>tes en<span class="_4 blank"></span>tre si, exceto que os Capítulos 6, 7 e 8 que dep<span class="_2 blank"> </span>endem em maior</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y2c ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4">ou menor medida do Capítulo 5.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y2d ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws26">Na terceira parte estudamos tópicos menos canônicos para um curso introdutório.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y2e ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">No Capítulo 10 estudamos teoremas de con<span class="_4 blank"></span>v<span class="_4 blank"></span>ergência da esperança,<span class="_9 blank"> </span>no Capítulo 11</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y2f ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">estudamos passeios aleatórios na rede hip<span class="_2 blank"> </span>ercúbica,<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e \ufb01nalmente no Capítulo 12</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y30 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws29">estuamos o Princípio dos Grandes Desvios.<span class="_e blank"> </span>Os capítulos da terceira parte</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y31 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4">pressup<span class="_2 blank"> </span>õ<span class="_2 blank"> </span>em que o leitor passou p<span class="_2 blank"> </span>elos Capítulos 5, 6 e 7.</div><div class="t m0 xa h8 y32 ff7 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws17">Rigor Matemático</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y33 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2a">A primeira parte é auto-con<span class="_4 blank"></span>tida e matematicamen<span class="_4 blank"></span>te rigorosa,<span class="_f blank"> </span>inclusiv<span class="_4 blank"></span>e na</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y34 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2b">construção da Esp<span class="_2 blank"> </span>erança Matemática como supremo sobre funçõ<span class="_2 blank"> </span>es simples,<span class="_3 blank"> </span>sua</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y35 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4">fórm<span class="_4 blank"></span>ula para os casos discreto e con<span class="_4 blank"></span>tín<span class="_4 blank"></span>uo, e suas propriedades fundamen<span class="_4 blank"></span>tais.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y36 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2c">Há uma omissão imp<span class="_2 blank"> </span>ortan<span class="_4 blank"></span>te:<span class="_10 blank"> </span>sem demonstrar,<span class="_8 blank"> </span>assumimos implicitamente a</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y37 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2d">existência de v<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariáv<span class="_0 blank"></span>eis aleatórias contín<span class="_0 blank"></span>uas,<span class="_8 blank"> </span>ou de uma sequência in\ufb01nita de</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y38 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2e">v<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariáv<span class="_0 blank"></span>eis aleatórias com determinada distribuição conjunta.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y39 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2f">Uma omissão secundária é o signi\ufb01cado de in<span class="_4 blank"></span>tegral.<span class="_11 blank"> </span>As v<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariáv<span class="_0 blank"></span>eis aleatórias</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3a ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws30">absolutamen<span class="_4 blank"></span>te con<span class="_4 blank"></span>tín<span class="_4 blank"></span>uas são de\ufb01nidas e estudadas em termos de uma in<span class="_4 blank"></span>tegral,</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3b ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws31">sem discutir o que signi\ufb01ca a in<span class="_4 blank"></span>tegral em si.<span class="_d blank"> </span>Em todos os exemplos que v<span class="_0 blank"></span>amos</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3c ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4">considerar, a in<span class="_4 blank"></span>tegral que conhecemos do Cálculo é su\ufb01cien<span class="_4 blank"></span>te.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3d ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws32">Na segunda parte,<span class="_3 blank"> </span>algumas demonstraçõ<span class="_2 blank"> </span>es que dep<span class="_2 blank"> </span>endem de T<span class="_6 blank"></span>eoria da Medida</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3e ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws33">serão omitidas com um a<span class="_4 blank"></span>viso corresp<span class="_2 blank"> </span>onden<span class="_4 blank"></span>te.<span class="_12 blank"> </span>As principais são:<span class="_f blank"> </span>existência e</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3f ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws34">propriedades da distribuição condicional regular e da esperança condicional,<span class="_13 blank"> </span>a</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y40 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws19">m<span class="_4 blank"></span>udança de v<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariáv<span class="_0 blank"></span>eis no plano complexo para obtenção da função característica de</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y41 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws35">uma gaussiana, equiv<span class="_0 blank"></span>alência entre con<span class="_0 blank"></span>vergência em distribuição e con<span class="_4 blank"></span>v<span class="_4 blank"></span>ergência da</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y42 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2e">esp<span class="_2 blank"> </span>erança de funçõ<span class="_2 blank"> </span>es-teste sua<span class="_4 blank"></span>v<span class="_4 blank"></span>es e limitadas.</div><div class="t m0 xa h8 y43 ff7 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws17">T<span class="_6 blank"></span>ópicos Omitidos</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y24 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws36">Alguns tópicos imp<span class="_2 blank"> </span>ortan<span class="_4 blank"></span>tes são omitidos,<span class="_5 blank"> </span>dentre eles:<span class="_d blank"> </span>quan<span class="_4 blank"></span>til de uma v<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariá<span class="_4 blank"></span>v<span class="_4 blank"></span>el</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y25 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1a">aleatória; estatística de ordem,<span class="_14 blank"> </span>méto<span class="_2 blank"> </span>do do Jacobiano sem bijeção, distribuição nor-</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y26 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws37">mal m<span class="_4 blank"></span>ultiv<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariada, função geradora e função característica para vetores aleatórios,</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y27 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4">distribuição condicional de v<span class="_4 blank"></span>etores aleatórios.</div><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[111,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:242.226000px;bottom:512.536000px;width:6.974000px;height:10.793000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[117,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:253.788000px;bottom:512.536000px;width:6.973000px;height:10.793000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[127,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:270.626000px;bottom:512.536000px;width:6.973000px;height:10.793000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[99,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:164.153000px;bottom:499.385000px;width:6.974000px;height:10.793000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[157,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:86.430000px;bottom:469.100000px;width:11.956000px;height:10.792000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[163,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:377.388000px;bottom:469.100000px;width:11.955000px;height:10.792000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[169,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:377.388000px;bottom:455.949000px;width:11.955000px;height:10.793000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[99,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:239.788000px;bottom:429.647000px;width:6.973000px;height:10.793000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[111,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:250.857000px;bottom:429.647000px;width:6.974000px;height:10.793000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[117,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:266.908000px;bottom:429.647000px;width:6.974000px;height:10.793000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 xa h6 y29 ffc fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws38">PREF<span class="_6 blank"></span>Á<span class="_0 blank"></span>CIO <span class="ff3">7</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h8 y44 ff7 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws17">Erros e Omissõ<span class="_2 blank"> </span>es</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y45 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws39">Estas notas con<span class="_4 blank"></span>têm in<span class="_4 blank"></span>úmeras imprecisões e omissõ<span class="_2 blank"> </span>es.<span class="_b blank"> </span>A quem faça uso deste texto,</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y46 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1c">p<span class="_2 blank"> </span>eço que me en<span class="_4 blank"></span>viem to<span class="_2 blank"> </span>dos os comen<span class="_4 blank"></span>tários, críticas e correçõ<span class="_2 blank"> </span>es que venham a surgir.</div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y47 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4">26 de janeiro de 2019.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 xa h6 y29 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls6">8<span class="ffc ls0 ws23">PREF<span class="_6 blank"></span>Á<span class="_0 blank"></span>CIO</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 xa h7 y10 ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0">Sumário</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y48 ffd fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3a">Prefácio 5</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y49 ffd fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3b">1<span class="_15 blank"> </span>Espaço de Probabilidade<span class="_16 blank"> </span>13</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y4a ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">1.1<span class="_12 blank"> </span>Espaço<span class="_9 blank"> </span>de<span class="_14 blank"> </span>Probabilidade<span class="_c blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_17 blank"> </span>13</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y4b ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">1.2<span class="_12 blank"> </span>Probabilidade<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Condicional<span class="_c blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_17 blank"> </span>20</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y4c ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws3c">1<span class="_18 blank"></span>.<span class="_18 blank"></span>3<span class="_5 blank"> </span>I<span class="_18 blank"></span>n<span class="_18 blank"></span>d<span class="_18 blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"></span>p<span class="_18 blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"></span>n<span class="_18 blank"></span>d<span class="_18 blank"></span>ê<span class="_18 blank"></span>n<span class="_18 blank"></span>c<span class="_18 blank"></span>i<span class="_18 blank"></span>a<span class="_19 blank"></span>............................... 2<span class="_18 blank"></span>6<span class="_18 blank"></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y4d ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">1.4<span class="_12 blank"> </span>O<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Problema<span class="_14 blank"> </span>de<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Mon<span class="_4 blank"></span>t<span class="_4 blank"></span>y-Hall<span class="_1a blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_17 blank"> </span>29</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y4e ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws3d">1<span class="_18 blank"></span>.<span class="_18 blank"></span>5<span class="_5 blank"> </span>E<span class="_18 blank"></span>x<span class="_18 blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"></span>r<span class="_18 blank"></span>c<span class="_18 blank"></span>í<span class="_18 blank"></span>c<span class="_18 blank"></span>i<span class="_18 blank"></span>o<span class="_18 blank"></span>s .................................<span class="_9 blank"> </span>3<span class="_18 blank"></span>0<span class="_18 blank"></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y4f ffd fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3b">2<span class="_15 blank"> </span>V<span class="_6 blank"></span>ariá<span class="_4 blank"></span>v<span class="_4 blank"></span>eis Aleatórias<span class="_1b blank"> </span>33</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y50 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">2.1<span class="_12 blank"> </span>V<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariáv<span class="_0 blank"></span>eis<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Aleatórias<span class="_12 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_1a blank"> </span>33</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y51 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">2.2<span class="_12 blank"> </span>V<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariáv<span class="_0 blank"></span>eis<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Aleatórias<span class="_14 blank"> </span>Discretas<span class="_1c blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_17 blank"> </span>39</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y52 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">2.3<span class="_12 blank"> </span>V<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariáv<span class="_0 blank"></span>eis<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Aleatórias<span class="_14 blank"> </span>Contín<span class="_0 blank"></span>uas<span class="_15 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_17 blank"> </span>42</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y53 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">2.4<span class="_12 blank"> </span>Distribuiçõ<span class="_2 blank"> </span>es<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Mistas<span class="_14 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Singulares<span class="_1d blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_17 blank"> </span>48</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y54 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">2.5<span class="_12 blank"> </span>Distribuição<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Condicional<span class="_14 blank"> </span>dado<span class="_9 blank"> </span>um<span class="_14 blank"> </span>Even<span class="_4 blank"></span>to<span class="_1d blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_1a blank"> </span>49</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y55 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws3d">2<span class="_18 blank"></span>.<span class="_18 blank"></span>6<span class="_5 blank"> </span>E<span class="_18 blank"></span>x<span class="_18 blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"></span>r<span class="_18 blank"></span>c<span class="_18 blank"></span>í<span class="_18 blank"></span>c<span class="_18 blank"></span>i<span class="_18 blank"></span>o<span class="_18 blank"></span>s .................................<span class="_9 blank"> </span>5<span class="_18 blank"></span>0<span class="_18 blank"></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y56 ffd fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">3<span class="_15 blank"> </span>V<span class="_6 blank"></span>etores Aleatórios<span class="_1e blank"> </span>53</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y57 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws3c">3<span class="_18 blank"></span>.<span class="_18 blank"></span>1<span class="_5 blank"> </span>V<span class="_1f blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"></span>t<span class="_18 blank"></span>o<span class="_18 blank"></span>r<span class="_18 blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"></span>s<span class="_20 blank"></span>A<span class="_18 blank"></span>l<span class="_18 blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"></span>a<span class="_18 blank"></span>t<span class="_18 blank"></span>ó<span class="_18 blank"></span>r<span class="_18 blank"></span>i<span class="_18 blank"></span>o<span class="_18 blank"></span>s<span class="_c blank"> </span>............................ 5<span class="_18 blank"></span>3<span class="_18 blank"></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y27 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">3.2<span class="_12 blank"> </span>Tip<span class="_2 blank"> </span>os<span class="_9 blank"> </span>de<span class="_14 blank"> </span>V<span class="_0 blank"></span>etores<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Aleatórios<span class="_1d blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_1a blank"> </span>57</div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y58 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0">9</div><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[5,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:30.185000px;bottom:371.841000px;width:42.867000px;height:8.957000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[13,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:30.185000px;bottom:340.646000px;width:140.668000px;height:10.894000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[13,"XYZ",31.181,131.219,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:45.129000px;bottom:323.079000px;width:132.641000px;height:10.792000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[20,"XYZ",31.181,166.658,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:45.129000px;bottom:307.449000px;width:140.196000px;height:8.856000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[26,"XYZ",31.181,409.23,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:45.129000px;bottom:287.945000px;width:87.449000px;height:10.793000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[29,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:45.129000px;bottom:270.378000px;width:143.794000px;height:10.793000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[30,"XYZ",31.181,119.236,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:45.129000px;bottom:254.748000px;width:68.576000px;height:8.856000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[33,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:30.185000px;bottom:225.490000px;width:116.702000px;height:8.957000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[33,"XYZ",31.181,246.632,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:45.129000px;bottom:207.923000px;width:111.416000px;height:8.856000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[39,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:45.129000px;bottom:190.356000px;width:154.588000px;height:8.856000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[42,"XYZ",31.181,145.233,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:45.129000px;bottom:172.789000px;width:158.517000px;height:8.856000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[48,"XYZ",31.181,387.531,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:45.129000px;bottom:153.285000px;width:169.006000px;height:10.793000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[49,"XYZ",31.181,158.258,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:45.129000px;bottom:135.718000px;width:207.914000px;height:10.793000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[50,"XYZ",31.181,169.381,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:45.129000px;bottom:120.089000px;width:68.576000px;height:8.855000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[53,"XYZ",31.181,538.583,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:30.185000px;bottom:90.830000px;width:109.383000px;height:8.957000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[53,"XYZ",31.181,190.577,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:45.129000px;bottom:73.264000px;width:104.497000px;height:8.855000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[57,"XYZ",31.181,432.724,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:45.129000px;bottom:53.759000px;width:145.787000px;height:10.793000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><div class="t m0 xa h6 y29 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3e">10 <span class="ffc">SUMÁRIO</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y2a ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">3.3<span class="_12 blank"> </span>Indep<span class="_2 blank"> </span>endência<span class="_9 blank"> </span>de<span class="_14 blank"> </span>V<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariáv<span class="_0 blank"></span>eis<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Aleatórias<span class="_f blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_17 blank"> </span>60</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y59 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws3c">3<span class="_18 blank"></span>.<span class="_18 blank"></span>4<span class="_5 blank"> </span>M<span class="_18 blank"></span>é<span class="_18 blank"></span>t<span class="_18 blank"></span>o<span class="_18 blank"></span>d<span class="_18 blank"></span>o<span class="_20 blank"></span>d<span class="_18 blank"></span>o<span class="_20 blank"></span>J<span class="_18 blank"></span>a<span class="_18 blank"></span>c<span class="_18 blank"></span>o<span class="_18 blank"></span>b<span class="_18 blank"></span>i<span class="_18 blank"></span>a<span class="_18 blank"></span>n<span class="_18 blank"></span>o<span class="_19 blank"></span>........................... 6<span class="_18 blank"></span>3<span class="_18 blank"></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y5a ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws3d">3<span class="_18 blank"></span>.<span class="_18 blank"></span>5<span class="_5 blank"> </span>E<span class="_18 blank"></span>x<span class="_18 blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"></span>r<span class="_18 blank"></span>c<span class="_18 blank"></span>í<span class="_18 blank"></span>c<span class="_18 blank"></span>i<span class="_18 blank"></span>o<span class="_18 blank"></span>s .................................<span class="_9 blank"> </span>6<span class="_18 blank"></span>6<span class="_18 blank"></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y5b ffd fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3f">4<span class="_15 blank"> </span>Esp erança<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Matemática<span class="_21 blank"> </span>71</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y5c ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">4.1<span class="_12 blank"> </span>V<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariáv<span class="_0 blank"></span>eis<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Aleatórias<span class="_14 blank"> </span>Simples<span class="_c blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_17 blank"> </span>71</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y5d ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">4.2<span class="_12 blank"> </span>Esp<span class="_2 blank"> </span>erança<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Matemática<span class="_c blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_17 blank"> </span>78</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y5e ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws40">4<span class="_18 blank"></span>.<span class="_18 blank"></span>3<span class="_5 blank"> </span>D<span class="_18 blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"></span>m<span class="_18 blank"></span>o<span class="_18 blank"></span>n<span class="_18 blank"></span>s<span class="_18 blank"></span>t<span class="_18 blank"></span>r<span class="_18 blank"></span>a<span class="_18 blank"></span>ç<span class="_18 blank"></span>õ<span class="_18 blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"></span>s ..............................<span class="_c blank"> </span>8<span class="_18 blank"></span>3<span class="_18 blank"></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y5f ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">4.4<span class="_12 blank"> </span>Momentos,<span class="_14 blank"> </span>V<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariância<span class="_22 blank"> </span>e<span class="_14 blank"> </span>Cov<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariância<span class="_b blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_17 blank"> </span>87</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y60 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">4.5<span class="_12 blank"> </span>Desigualdades<span class="_22 blank"> </span>Básicas<span class="_d blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_17 blank"> </span>91</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y61 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">4.6<span class="_12 blank"> </span>Esp<span class="_2 blank"> </span>erança<span class="_22 blank"> </span>Condicional<span class="_22 blank"> </span>dado<span class="_22 blank"> </span>um<span class="_22 blank"> </span>Even<span class="_4 blank"></span>to<span class="_23 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_17 blank"> </span>95</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y62 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws3d">4<span class="_18 blank"></span>.<span class="_18 blank"></span>7<span class="_5 blank"> </span>E<span class="_18 blank"></span>x<span class="_18 blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"></span>r<span class="_18 blank"></span>c<span class="_18 blank"></span>í<span class="_18 blank"></span>c<span class="_18 blank"></span>i<span class="_18 blank"></span>o<span class="_18 blank"></span>s .................................<span class="_9 blank"> </span>9<span class="_18 blank"></span>6<span class="_18 blank"></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y63 ffd fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3b">5<span class="_15 blank"> </span>Con<span class="_4 blank"></span>v<span class="_4 blank"></span>ergência de V<span class="_6 blank"></span>ariá<span class="_0 blank"></span>veis Aleatórias<span class="_24 blank"> </span>99</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y64 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">5.1<span class="_12 blank"> </span>Lema<span class="_22 blank"> </span>de<span class="_22 blank"> </span>Borel-Cantelli<span class="_14 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_25 blank"> </span>99</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y65 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">5.2<span class="_12 blank"> </span>Conv<span class="_4 blank"></span>ergência<span class="_14 blank"> </span>de<span class="_22 blank"> </span>V<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariá<span class="_4 blank"></span>v<span class="_4 blank"></span>eis<span class="_14 blank"> </span>Aleatórias<span class="_5 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_9 blank"> </span>102</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y66 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws3d">5<span class="_18 blank"></span>.<span class="_18 blank"></span>3<span class="_5 blank"> </span>E<span class="_18 blank"></span>x<span class="_18 blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"></span>r<span class="_18 blank"></span>c<span class="_18 blank"></span>í<span class="_18 blank"></span>c<span class="_18 blank"></span>i<span class="_18 blank"></span>o<span class="_18 blank"></span>s .................................<span class="_26 blank"></span>1<span class="_18 blank"></span>0<span class="_18 blank"></span>9<span class="_18 blank"></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y67 ffd fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3b">6<span class="_15 blank"> </span>Lei dos Grandes Números<span class="_27 blank"> </span>111</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y68 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws41">6<span class="_18 blank"></span>.<span class="_18 blank"></span>1<span class="_5 blank"> </span>L<span class="_18 blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"></span>i<span class="_19 blank"></span>F<span class="_28 blank"></span>r<span class="_18 blank"></span>a<span class="_18 blank"></span>c<span class="_18 blank"></span>a .................................<span class="_26 blank"></span>1<span class="_18 blank"></span>1<span class="_18 blank"></span>1<span class="_18 blank"></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y69 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws42">6<span class="_18 blank"></span>.<span class="_18 blank"></span>2 L<span class="_18 blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"></span>i<span class="_20 blank"></span>F<span class="_1f blank"></span>o<span class="_18 blank"></span>r<span class="_18 blank"></span>t<span class="_18 blank"></span>e<span class="_29 blank"></span>..................................<span class="_26 blank"></span>1<span class="_18 blank"></span>1<span class="_18 blank"></span>3<span class="_18 blank"></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y6a ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws3d">6<span class="_18 blank"></span>.<span class="_18 blank"></span>3<span class="_5 blank"> </span>E<span class="_18 blank"></span>x<span class="_18 blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"></span>r<span class="_18 blank"></span>c<span class="_18 blank"></span>í<span class="_18 blank"></span>c<span class="_18 blank"></span>i<span class="_18 blank"></span>o<span class="_18 blank"></span>s .................................<span class="_26 blank"></span>1<span class="_18 blank"></span>1<span class="_18 blank"></span>4<span class="_18 blank"></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y6b ffd fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3b">7<span class="_15 blank"> </span>T<span class="_6 blank"></span>eorema Cen<span class="_4 blank"></span>tral do Limite<span class="_2a blank"> </span>117</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y6c ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">7.1<span class="_12 blank"> </span>T<span class="_0 blank"></span>eorema<span class="_22 blank"> </span>de<span class="_22 blank"> </span>De<span class="_22 blank"> </span>Moivre-Laplace<span class="_1d blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_9 blank"> </span>118</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y6d ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">7.2<span class="_12 blank"> </span>T<span class="_0 blank"></span>eorema<span class="_22 blank"> </span>Central<span class="_14 blank"> </span>do<span class="_14 blank"> </span>Limite<span class="_17 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_9 blank"> </span>122</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y6e ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws3d">7<span class="_18 blank"></span>.<span class="_18 blank"></span>3<span class="_5 blank"> </span>E<span class="_18 blank"></span>x<span class="_18 blank"></span>e<span class="_18 blank"></span>r<span class="_18 blank"></span>c<span class="_18 blank"></span>í<span class="_18 blank"></span>c<span class="_18 blank"></span>i<span class="_18 blank"></span>o<span class="_18 blank"></span>s .................................<span class="_26 blank"></span>1<span class="_18 blank"></span>2<span class="_18 blank"></span>4<span class="_18 blank"></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y6f ffd fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3f">8<span class="_15 blank"> </span>F<span class="_6 blank"></span>unçõ es<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Geradoras<span class="_2b blank"> </span>127</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y27 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">8.1<span class="_12 blank"> </span>F<span class="_0 blank"></span>unção<span class="_22 blank"> </span>Geradora<span class="_22 blank"> </span>de<span class="_22 blank"> </span>Momen<span class="_4 blank"></span>tos<span class="_1d blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<span class="_9 blank"> </span>127</div><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[60,"XYZ",31.181,383.085,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:45.129000px;bottom:525.687000px;width:190.563000px;height:10.792000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[63,"XYZ",31.181,158.765,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:45.129000px;bottom:510.242000px;width:118.583000px;height:8.855000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" 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