Refugiados

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Introduction
Despite the little knowledge of the Brazilian population on the issue of refugees, it is clear that we all live in a world marked by generalized conflicts. In contrast with the other great world and regionalized wars we have had decades and centuries ago, nowadays with globalized communication and transport; everyone is responsible on the problems concerning refugees.
New wars’ dynamics characterized, not by conflicts State x State but by non-militaries x State with armed groups which do not feel represented by the government, are hitting, directly and indirectly, irresponsible victims all around the world. The demand for all the states to host a large variety of refugees day by day is increasingly high and most known conflicts nowadays such as those in the Middle East and in the Sub-Saharan region are far from over and more and more people are looking desperately for a safe place to stay. 
We have had lots of examples recently on the new massive wars taking place in lots of countries such as Iraq and Syria. States suffering from long dictatorships and getting attacked, day by day, by a large amount of fundamentalist groups are those which send the largest populations of refugees to various countries from Pakistan (which hosts the largest population of refuges nowadays), to safer places like Western Europe and the United States.
The refugee issue is far from easy to solve. Lots of institutions, such as NGOs, GOs and, obviously, the States themselves, take part in the situation of these people. The problems are many and they will be more detailed in the end of the report but we can already be concerned that many are still to be solved so that the demand of this global problem can finally be over with.
So, to what extent can Brazil be ahead in this issue? Is its role already relevant or is there still a long place to go? The report has its focus on the Brazilian duty (which is not small) inside the dynamics of the refugee questions. There are lots of points to be answered later but what we can already preview is that all the countries are still not taking this issue as seriously as they should do. 
 Methodology
This chapter aims to present all the methodological steps that guide our research. The objective is to point the methods used, as well as expose techniques and development of research about refugees.
 Before starting, it is relevant to consider the sources of information we have used as base sources of information for our project. Plenty of official/reliable sites were consulted such as “globo.com”; “planalto.gov.br”; “globalvoicesonline.org/”; “adus.org.br”. They were carefully read and analyzed before placed at research. 
About the functions of governments, we highlighted some refugee laws (Statute of Refugees in Brazil) to show that there are measures to host refugees in order to deal with bureaucratic contention.
Through the refugees project we have noticed usual problems which refugees face in their everyday life (labor market, school, language barrier, health, etc.) And elaborated relevant recommendations to the State which do not solve their barriers but, at least, attenuates their difficulties in other countries. We took into consideration external helps – Nongovernmental structures such as Churches, Conare, Acnur and UNHCR.
The activities we made in class helped us to achieve the format of the project. We gathered our ideas into a formal way to expose. The speech that we elaborated, the construction of phrases, the organization of research was all studied in class.
The analysis of the refugees profile is also important to accept them in another country because of the risks they come with; health, violence; and psychological traumas such as persecution, family losses and threats. The profile of the refugees is crucial to decide whether the foreign is feasible to live in community with different people.
Our research embraces all the consequences of having new citizens in Brazil and we used the critical thinking to deal with this issue, not just thinking about cosmopolitan speech, but also realistic speech too. We tried to balance the pros and cons on hosting refugees and discuss possible economic, social and political impacts.
The problems
The number of refugees grows every year in Brazil and all over the globe. Nowadays, the number of refugees in the world is the biggest since the Second World War. In Brazil, specifically, the number of refugee requests, between 2012 and 2013 increased from 2.100 to 5.200. 
Concerning this issue, in the present days, there are an increasing number of ethnic conflicts going on around the world and the number of refugees coming to Brazil increases every day. In addition, most of the people that come, illegally, to Brazil, suffer religious and/or ethnic persecution in their homelands. On the other hand, this issue increases the social problems that already takes place in Brazil.
Furthermore, most of the people that seek asylum in Brazil come from countries in sub-Saharan Africa but the total also includes Bangladeshis, Iranians and Sri Lankans. Many of them cross into Amazonas overland by boat from Peru or from Colombia after flying to places like Ecuador.
In some researches that had taken place in recent years, there was a poll which showed that there was an increase in the number of refugees that came from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Partly, this issue is a result from the civil and religious wars that happened from 1996 to 2014.
An issue that contributes to the arrival of new extra-regional’s immigrants is that Brazil's international stature has strengthened its reputation as a host country. NGOs develop a fundamental role in the refugees' process of adaptation in Brazil because, besides offering help for their integration, they also act as auxiliaries in the dialogue between the government and the Brazilian society. Despite the issue that they do not offer financial aid, many NGOs work as meeting networks between lost parents, which diminish the psychological traumas suffered due to the country change, which is a big problem faced by the refugees. Moreover, a really important initiative made by the NGOs is to make the local population aware of what is happening. This action is made through their channels of communication in the web and contact with entities and representation groups of these countries in Brazil.
With important roles of pressuring the government, trying to change behavioral patterns and making the Brazilian society aware, the NGOs specialized in the refugees' question search for an alternative help, which is hard to obtain with only the government’s help, so they make the life conditions of people who are in this situation a little better. The difficulties are numerous: the bureaucracy faced by the refugees' when arriving in the country, little or any knowledge of the Portuguese language, difficulty to find jobs available in the job market and having troubles to find dwelling, even the provisional ones.
One of the biggest problems that the refugees face, in the moment of arrival in Brazil, is the lack of shelter. Even though international institutions develop a more active role in this aspect, NGOs work, many times, as an alternative and emergencies help for people who do not have any place to stay. In the long-term, the major difficulty is the insertion in the job market. The NGO's role is to make the private enterprises aware about the situation of the refugees', seeking biggest job vacancies for people in this condition.
Furthermore, the lack of adaption in the Brazilian culture is another challenge faced by the refugees when arriving in the country. Coming from different and, sometimes, conflicting cultures, the refugees' difficulty of integration within Brazilian society and culture can be noticed straight away.
Another problem is the non-awareness of the Brazilian population concerning the refugees' matter. Though the NGOs have been increasingly seeking to bring up this question,it can be noticed that Brazilian population remain in doubt regarding this issue.
The province of Nampula, in Mozambique, is an example that can be followed by Brazil. A large wave of refugees reached the province escaping from the Great Lakes region of Africa due to political and armed conflicts in their homelands. The province was plagued by high unemployment and economic stagnation, but the economy was boosted by the refugees, who with their entrepreneurship turned the region a prosperous and cosmopolitan place.
It is also worth noting that the Brazilian population does not know the pros and cons of receiving refugees. It is true that they steal the jobs posts of the local population, use public services that this local population pay, cause cultural shocks at many times and generally do not return to their home country. However, it is also true that they can heat up the local economy, increase birth rates on evolved countries and humanize the locals relationship with other cultures.
Recommendations
Talking about the government firstly, it is crucial to regard some laws created to prevent a non permission entrance in Brazil without passing through the necessary red tape to prove that the foreign is able to live out his native country and to offer more comfortable hosts in Brazil to them.
“Every foreign who ask for informations of refuge at the national  borders can externalize his a migration authority without being deported if his life or physical\ psychological integrity is in jeopardy, whereas his stay in the country is not considered a risk.” (Art.7 p.1 and 2).
To have more supervision in barriers, it is recommended that the government sends employees to work there so they can find out irregularities and write reports with frequency to Brazilian authorities. This is a way to avoid failures of execution of law and also a way of punishment, if necessary, the purposeful mistakes. 
The authority advises the High Commissioner of the United Nations to Refugees (ACNUR) about this request of refugee.
“Foreign people who have illegal documents can ask for refuge. The National Committee for Refugees, created in 1997, allows that any person who is outside their countries, mainly if they are being persecuted can ask for Brazilian government support.” (Art.1)
This law is considered a risk because authorities cannot control which type of refugee they are accepting, so, the probability of having some problems related to crime is high. It is considered at these cases that an interview before the entrance in Brazil is vital. Psychologists of the Department of Federal Police could be triggered to deal with this situation.
When identified the immigrants provide information to Brazilian Federal Police. CONARE’s officials interview the requestor (United Nations Agency for Refugees). Until the result of the case they receive a support, a minimum wage, for example. 
“The request of refuge can be asked not only for his own but for his family too.”(Art.21)
“If the request of refuge is accepted, the refugee can receive an employment record book issued by Ministério do Trabalho.”(Art.21 p.1)
“All the red tape costs nothing for the foreign.” (Art.47)
	Taking into consideration the emergency in going out of native country for reasons of persecution, threats, deaths in family, abuses and so on, we recommend a specific place to host refugees, like a provisory asylum where they could be well received and wait for the bureaucratic measures. After the ending of bureaucratic stuff, the refugees could receive help related to local culture, such as booklets or even teaching of how to behave in a different country. 
	The Language barrier is another huge problem faced by the immigrants. Helps focused on learning a new language has an enormous importance to integrate refugees into society. It is, obviously, also directly related to find a job in labor market. And about the labor market, we recommend the government to facilitate the refugees’ entrance at the local labor market by offering concessions to companies to open vacancies to refugees (quotas). It is a way to support their stay and permanence in Brazil.
	Foreign children and teenagers have the right of being literate and of receiving public education as native children. Offering jobs for parents is not enough. We have also considered that integrating the under aged is also a way of familiarizing the person with the Brazilian culture since the beginning.
	When refugees come to another country, they come with traumas and need psychological treatments for them and family too. Health is a matter of huge importance. The observing of physical situation is crucial to avoid infectious/contagious disease and minimize the losses related to health; the examples of African countries are internationally recognized. 
	The awareness of people about situations of refugees has a wide importance in Brazil; prejudice has a large space in our society and we need to face this fact. About this affair, we recommend that public/private academic institutions must support this cause offering lectures to students and for Brazilian community to expose their problems and prevent (or minimize) all kinds of prejudice.
	Related to the xenophobic problems, government should promote open events to foreign people where they could show their culture (music, dance, stories…) in a way to spread different styles, facilitating the absorption of their culture by the society of the host country.
Refferences
PAULINO, Júlio . Nampula: a “terra prometida” dos refugiados. Destaques- Economia, 05 Setembro 2013 . Disponível em http://www.verdade.co.mz/economia/39713-nampula-a-terra-prometida-dos-refugiados
ARAUJO , de Richard . Brazil's Evolving Relationship With Refugees . Refugees , 22 Janeiro, 2014 . Disponivel em 
http://globalvoicesonline.org/2014/01/26/brazils-evolving-relationship-with-refugees/
Instituto de Reintegração do Refugiados - Brasil . Disponível em http://www.adus.org.br/
Agencia da ONU para refugiados . Disponível em http://www.acnur.org/t3/portugues/
Portal Brasil . Brasil concede refúgio a 680 estrangeiros de 15 países , 31 de julho de 2014 . Disponível em 
http://www.brasil.gov.br/cidadania-e-justica/2014/07/brasil-concede-refugio-a-680-estrangeiros-de-15-paises
Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego . Relatório da 1ª Oficina sobre Trabalho e Emprego para Solicitantes de Refúgio e Refugiados(as). São Paulo,SP. 24 e 25 de fevereiro de 2011. Disponível em http://www3.mte.gov.br/trab_estrang/relatorio_1a_oficina.pdf
Human Rights Education Associates. Disponivel em http://www.hrea.org/index.php?doc_id=511
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugee