LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA QUESTÕES RESPONDIDAS

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LÍNGUA INGLESA FONÉTICA E FONOLOGIA
Phonemes (fonemas)- são a menor unidade de som numa palavra. (e tem símbolos próprios pra serem representadas). Ex: CAT: C – A – T (3) /kæt/ , SHIP: SH – I – P (3) /ʃɪp/ , PEN: P – E – N (3) , TAKES: T – A – K – E – S (5) , BEE: B – EE (2) /ˈbiː/.
		Which word has the same number of phonemes as in BEE?
	
	
	
	e) I
	
	
	c) takes
	
	
	d) pig
	
	
	a) it
	
	
	b) ship
Explicação:
BEE - 2 fonemas.
it - 2 fonemas
ship - 3 fonemas
takes - 4 fonemas
pig - 3 fonemas
I - 1 fonema
GRAPHEMES- são a quantidade de letras numa palavra. EX: BEE b – e – e (3). SHIP s – h – i – p (4).
		How many graphemes are there in the following words: WAIT, WEATHER, EIGHT?
	
	
	
	a) 3, 6, 4
	
	
	e) 4, 6, 5
	
	
	b) 4, 5, 7
	
	
	d) 4, 6, 4
	
	
	c) 4, 7, 5
		Complete the following  sentence with the appropriate pair of words: Phonology focus on how patterns in both -----------------------and ----------------------------communication are created and interpreted.
	
	
	
	speech / non-verbal
	
	
	verbal / formal
	
	
	written / virtual
	
	
	speech / real
	
	
	written / specific
	Explicação:
 É importante salientar que a Fonologia se relaciona com a cultura e a comunicação.
	
	Which alternative represents a letter (grapheme) that is not a phoneme?
	
	
	
	p
	
	
	m
	
	
	d
	
	
	c
	
	
	t
	
Explicação:
'C' é letra e não fonema. A letra 'c' pode ser representada pelos fonemas /k/ e /s/. EX: cat: /kæt/ , city: /ˈsɪti/
		
Choose the odd sound:
	
	
	
	a) great
	
	
	b) seat
	
	
	c) wait
	
	
	d) mate
	
	
	e) date
		We can say that phonemes in English
	
	
	
	always have nasal consonants.
	
	
	can be represented by more than one letter.
	
	
	can be represented by silent letters.
	
	
	are represented by only six letters.
	
	
	are always equal.
AULA 2 
		Choose the alternative in which all the words have Anglo-Saxon origin:
	
	
	
	a) juxtapose, labyrinth, laceration, endanger, maze
	
	
	c) wound, endanger, maze, dull, short
	
	
	e) juxtapose, endanger, maze, dull, short
	
	
	d) dishonest, death, illness, labyrinth, short
	
	
	b) many, lazy, unclear, evil, laceration
			There are four abilities one needs to develop to master a language: speaking, writing, reading and listening.
Which is the natural order in the process of  language acquisition is concerned?
	
	
	
	Listening , reading, writing, speaking.
	
	
	Speaking, listening, writing and reading.
	
	
	Speaking, reading, writing, listening.
	
	
	Listening, speaking, reading and writing.
	
	
	Speaking, writing, reading, listening.
		
As you know, the English vocabulary is composed by Latin-origin words and Anglo-Saxon words. The Latin-origin words are, in general, used in a more formal context. Match the words with their correspondent and select the option that has the correct order:
1. unimportant ( ) itinerant
2. wandering ( ) irrelevant
3. laconic ( ) lazy
4. lethal ( ) deadly
5. lax ( ) short
	
	
	
	a) 2 - 1 - 5 - 4 - 3
	
	
	b) 2 - 1 - 5 - 3 - 4
	
	
	c) 2 - 1 - 3 - 5 - 4
	
	
	d) 2 - 1 - 4 - 5 - 3
	
	
	e) 2 - 3 - 5 - 4 - 1
	Explicação: O aluno deve saber utilizar a formalidade e a informalidade de acordo com o contexto.
unimportant – irrelevante
wandering – itinerante
laconic – short
lethal – deadly
lax - lazy
 
		Who was the English writer who used a greater number of words in his literary production?
	
	
	
	Shakespeare.
	
	
	Virginia Woolf.
	
	
	Jane Austen.
	
	
	Chaucer.
	
	
	George Orwell.
		Which of the forms below may be used in an INFORMAL context?
	
	
	
	E) Please refer to...
	
	
	B) Begin
	
	
	D) Several
	
	
	A) Cannot
	
	
	C) Ensure
	
Explicação:
O aluno deve saber utilizar a formalidade e a informalidade de acordo com o contexto. 
Begin - informal word (formal 'commence)
All the others are formal.
		
In which alternative all words may be used in a FORMAL context?
	
	
	
	A) Can't - Supply - Entail
	
	
	B) Submit - Receive - Carry out
	
	
	E) On receipt - Exceed - Take away
	
	
	C) Submit - Receive - Effect
	
	
	D) Disclose - Exceed - Go over
		
Select the correct FORMAL alternative which can be used to substitute the following: "START"
	
	
	
	b) Kick off
	
	
	c) Begin
	
	
	a) Commence
	
	
	e) Get started
	
	
	d) Get moving
AULA 3 
		How many phonemes are there in "whistle" if you aspire the "h"?
	
	
	
	a) 3
	
	
	d) 4
	
	
	e) 7
	
	
	c) 5
	
	
	b) 6
	
Explicação:
How many words are there in ¿whistle¿?
Five or 6. Five if you pronounce /w/ /i/ /s/ /e/ /l/. Six if you aspire the ¿H¿: /h/ /w/ /i/ /s/ /e/ /l/.
		Question:
► Which phonetic symbol represents the sound of the digraph 'sh' in the word short?
	
	
	
	/x/
	
	
	/ʤ/
	
	
	/ʧ/
	
	
	/ʃ/
	
	
	/ᴣ/
	Explicação: short = (ʃɔːt)
		
In which word the 'y' is a consonant?
	
	
	
	a) yes
	
	
	b) gym
	
	
	e) monkey
	
	
	d) valley
	
	
	c) sky
	Explicação: O aluno deve saber quando 'y' é uma vogal, uma semivogal ou uma consoante.
	
		How many phonemes are there in "lane"?
	
	
	
	c) 2
	
	
	a) 4
	
	
	b) 3
	
	
	e) 6
	
	
	d) 5
	Explicação: lane = 3 phonemes = (lān)
		Which word has the same number of phonemes as in 'bring'?
	
	
	
	a) rich
	
	
	e) lame
	
	
	b) dog
	
	
	d) cane
	
	
	c) six
	Explicação:
bring = 4 phonemes
rich = 3 phonemes
dog = 3 phonemes
six =  4 phonemes (SIKS)
cane = 3 phonemes
lame = 3 phonemes
		
Which alternative has an example of hiatus?
	
	
	
	newer
	
	
	hiatus
	
	
	house
	
	
	wear
	
	
	voice
	Explicação:
hiatus = hi -a – tus
voice = voice = diphthong.
wear = wear =diphthong.
house = house - diphthong.
newer = new - er - diphthong.
In phonology, hiatus or diaeresis refers to two vowel sounds occurring in adjacent syllables, with no intervening consonant. When two adjacent vowel sounds occur in the same syllable, the result is instead described as a diphthong.
The English words hiatus and diaeresis themselves contain a hiatus between the first and second syllables.
So: Hi ¿ a ¿ tus  / di·aer·e·sis
	
	Which alternative has an example of CONSONANT CLUSTER?
	
	
	
	e) clubbed - BB
	
	
	d) with - TH
	
	
	b) grab - GR
	
	
	a) phone - PH
	
	
	c) vogue - GU
	
Explicação: CONSONANT BLEND OR CLUSTER
Two or three consonants are blended together, each consonant sound may be heard in the blend. Some examples of consonant blends are:
bl¿black, cl¿clap, fl¿flip, gl¿glass, pl¿play, sl¿slip, br¿brick,
cr¿crab, dr¿drop, fr¿from, gr¿grab, pr¿press, tr¿trap, sc¿scale,
sk¿skip, sm¿smell, sn¿snail, sp¿ spill, rl ¿ world, st¿stop, sw¿swell, str ¿ stray (in which there are two clusters: s+t and t+r), xth ¿ sixth (in which the cluster is x+th)
DIGRAPH = A digraph is a combination of letters or characters used to represent a single speech sound.
EXAMPLES OF CONSONANT DIGRAPHS
CH = WH - PH -SS - GU - NG - SH - TH - CK – BB
		Which word DOESN'T have a diphthong?
	
	
	
	c)cat
	
	
	e) light
	
	
	d)near
	
	
	a) wear
	
	
	b) late
	Explicação:
ear = EAR = diphthong
late - A = diphthong 
cat = no diphthong
near = EA  = diphthong
light = I  = diphthong
		
What is the CORRECT assertive?
	
	
	
	b) In the word "pile" there are 2 phonemes.
	
	
	c) In the word "shoot" there are 4 phonemes.a) In the word "cane" there are 4 phonemes.
	
	
	d) In the word "shy" there are 3 phonemes.
	
	
	e) In the word "hostel" there are 6 phonemes.
	Explicação: In the word "cane" there are 4 phonemes. - there are 3 phonemes.
In the word "pile" there are 2 phonemes. - 3 phonemes
In the word "shoot" there are 4 phonemes. - 3 phonemes
In the word "shy" there are 3 phonemes.- 2 phonemes 
	
	How many phonemes are there in the word "thorough"?
	
	
	
	e) 3
	
	
	d) 7
	
	
	c) 6
	
	
	a) 4
	
	
	b) 5
	Explicação:
thorough = 4 phonemes = (ˈθʌrə) THərō
		Question:
► Which phonetic symbol represents the sound of the digraph 'sh' in the word sheep?
	
	
	
	/ʤ/
	
	
	/ʃ/
	
	
	/x/
	
	
	/ʧ/
	
	
	/ᴣ/
	Explicação: ship = (ʃiːp)
		Match and choose the correct alternative according to the sound of the last consonant.
1. /s/     
2. /z/   
3. /iz/   
(   ) classes, glasses, exercises, dishes, matches 
(   ) books, desks, cats, students, tops
(   ) rooms, moms, dads, schools, days
	
	
	
	b) 1 - 3 - 2
	
	
	a) 3 - 2 - 1
	
	
	c) 2 - 1 - 3
	
	
	d) 3 - 1 - 2
	
	
	e) 2 - 3 - 1
	Explicação: O aluno deve saber a diferença entres ons surdos e sonoros e a pronúncia destes no fim das palavras.
The -s is pronounced like /z/ after voiced sounds.  The -s is pronounced like /s/ after voiceless sounds. . The -s is pronounced with an additional syllable - similar to "iz" - after the following endings, both voiced and voiceless which are sibilant.
		Question:
► Which phonetic symbol represents the sound of the digraph 'th' in the word Thursday?
	
	
	
	/t/
	
	
	/th/
	
	
	/ð/
	
	
	/Ө/
	
	
	/ʧ/
	
Explicação: Thursday = /ˈθɜː(r)zdeɪ/
	
	Match and choose the correct alternative according to the sound of simple past.
1. /t/                           
2. /d/                          
3. /Əd/          
(   ) played, grabbed, bragged, lived, used
(   ) stopped, worked, laughed, missed, cashed
(   ) needed, attended, visited, created, wanted
	
	
	
	c) 3 - 1 - 2
	
	
	a) 2 - 3 - 1
	
	
	e) 2 - 1 - 3
	
	
	d) 3 - 2 - 1
	
	
	b) 1 - 3 - 2
	Explicação: O aluno deve saber o som das consoantes no fim das palavras.
Voiced
B, D, G, J, L, M, N, Ng, R, Sz, Th (then), V, W, Y e Z.
Voiceless
Ch, F, K, P, S, Sh, T e Th (thing)
 
/d/ When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends in a VOWEL OR VOICED CONSONANT.
/t/ When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends with a voiceless consonant.
/d/ When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends with an alveolar stop consonant ¿ /d/ or /t/
	
	Question:
► Which group of words is the only ONE to have the same phoneme in common? (YOU MUST TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION THE PHONEMES IN BOLD)
	
	
	
	bomb, climb, ball
	
	
	xerox, anxious, xenophobia
	
	
	photograph, fantastic, off
	
	
	honest, horse, rat
	
	
	know, Kate, cartoon
	Explicação: Pretende-se que o aluno saiba identificar os fonemas em inglês e associá-los aos grafemas.
a) bomb, climb, ball - In 'climb' the 'b' is a silent letter
b) photograph, fantastic, off - they have the samee sound /f/
know, Kate, cartoon - In 'know' the 'k' is a silent letter
honest, horse, rat - In 'honest' the 'h' is silent. In horse = (hɔrs) In rat = (ræt)
xerox, anxious, xenophobia = xerox =  (ˈzɪərɒks) ; anxious = (ˈæŋkʃəs; ˈæŋʃəs); xenophobia =  (ˌzɛnəˈfəʊbɪə) 
		
Question:
► Which phonetic symbol represents the sound of the digraph 'ch' in the word teacher?
	
	
	
	/ʃ/
	
	
	/ʧ/
	
	
	/t/
	
	
	/ʤ/
	
	
	/ᴣ/
	Explicação: teacher = (ˈtiːtʃə)
		In which word the first consonant has a voiced sound?
	
	
	
	a) bat
	
	
	e) fight
	
	
	d) kite
	
	
	b) pet
	
	
	c) tuna
	Explicação: Pretende-se que o aluno saiba diferenciar sons surdos e sonoros. 
Voiced
B, D, G, J, L, M, N, Ng, R, Sz, Th (then), V, W, Y e Z.
Voiceless
Ch, F, K, P, S, Sh, T e Th (thing)
		
In which word the final "s" has an /s/ sound?
	
	
	
	d) rings
	
	
	e) hugs
	
	
	a) walks
	
	
	c) babies
	
	
	b)hotels
	Explicação:
Voiced
B, D, G, J, L, M, N, Ng, R, Sz, Th (then), V, W, Y e Z.
Voiceless
Ch, F, K, P, S, Sh, T e Th (thing)
 The -s is pronounced like /z/ after voiced sounds.  The -s is pronounced like /s/ after voiceless sounds. . The -s is pronounced with an additional syllable - similar to "iz" - after the following endings, both voiced and voiceless which are sibilant.
	
	In which alternative the TH is voiced?
	
	
	
	d)Health
	
	
	c)that
	
	
	b)North
	
	
	a)Truth
	
	
	e)Three
	Explicação: truth = (truːθ)
north =(nɔːθ)
that =  (ðæt; unstressed ðət)
health =  (hɛlθ)
three =(θriː)
θ = voiceless
ð = voiced
		Which word has a long vowel sound?
	
	
	
	a) fun
	
	
	e) reach
	
	
	d) hill
	
	
	c) kit
	
	
	b) rich
		In which word the vowel has a short sound?
	
	
	
	been
	
	
	nail
	
	
	whom
	
	
	main
	
	
	gray
	Explicação:
whom - long sound - exception
been - short  sound
gray - long sound /ei/
nail - long sound /ei/
main - long sound /ei/
SIGHT WORDS
Sight words are also called IRREGULAR WORDS OR OUTLAW WORDS. They are words that not follow these rules of long and short sound.
WHOM ¿ This should have short vowel sounds because they are closed syllables, like sat and cot, BUT IT HAS A LONG SOUND.
AGAIN, AGAINST, SAYS AND SAID ¿ These should have long a sounds because of the ai vowel combination, like say and pain. (digraph). Attention to the sound, BUT THEY HAVE A SHORT SOUND.
BEEN ¿ This should have a long e sound, like seen, BUT IT HAS A SHORT SOUND
The vowels i and o have the long vowel sound when followed by two or more consonants. Exceptions: MONTH, FRONT, OTHER,AMONG. (SHORT VOWEL SOUND)
When the vowel "o" is followed by "i," the two-vowel rule is not followed, as in "BOIL." ¿ neither long nor short.
	
	In which alternative all the vowels have a short sound?
	
	
	
	a)Vase - see - meet - hit - beach
	
	
	c)But - beach - seat - hit - meet
	
	
	b)Bitch - hit - fun - bad - but
	
	
	d)Hill - bean - bin - fun --but
	
	
	e)Cane - bad - bed - set - seat
	How many phonemes are there in "lane"?
		
	
	c) 2
	
	d) 5
	
	a) 4
	 
	b) 3
	
	e) 6
	Which word DOESN'T have a digraph?
		
	
	b) speak
	
	c) wreck
	
	a) brains
	
	d) think
	 
	e) split
	How many phonemes are there in "whistle" if you aspire the "h"?
		
	
	e) 7
	 
	d) 4
	
	a) 3
	 
	b) 6
	
	c) 5
F iv e o r 6. F iv e if yo u pro no unce /w / /i/ /s/ / e/ /l/. Six if yo u aspire 
the ¿H¿: /h/ /w / /i/ /s/ /e/ /l/.
	In which alternative all the vowels have a short sound?
		
	
	a)Vase - see - meet - hit - beach
	
	c)But - beach - seat - hit - meet
	 
	b)Bitch - hit - fun - bad - but
	
	d)Hill - bean - bin - fun --but
	
	e)Cane - bad - bed - set - seat
	
	
	
Which word has a short vowel sound?
		
	 
	d) come
	
	b) seat
	
	a) fake
	
	c) vase
	
	e) lake
DICA MINHA: AS PALAVRAS QUE NÃO TIVEREM O SOM DAS VOGAIS NO SOZINHAS, ORIGINAIS NO INGLÊS A (ei) E (ii) O (ôu) U (iuu), SÃO VOGAIS CURTAS. TIPO O “COME”, O “O” TEM SOM MAIS OU MENOS DE “ÃH”, POR ISSO É CURTA. JÁ SEAT TEM SOM DE “E” (ii), FAKE VASE E LAKE DE “A”(ei).
Explicação:
O aluno deve saber diferenciar fonemas curtos e longos em inglês.
fake - A (ei) – long
seat - EA – long
vase - A ( ei) – long
lake - A - (ei) – long
come - (kʌm) – short
	Which word has a long vowel sound?
		
	
	a) fun
	 
	e) reach
	
	d) hillc) kit
	
	b) rich
	
	
REACH É A ÚNICA QUE TEM ESSE SOM DE VOGAL LONGA, “E” (ii).
DIVISÃO DE SÍLABAS 
		Which word division is right?
	 
		
	 
	Ex-pen-sive
	
	Ji-mmy
	
	Be-tter
	
	Re-a-lis-tic
	
	Quie-t
	
	
	In which alternative all the words are divided for the same reason?
		
	 
	e) music - motor - totem - open- meter
	
	a) dinner - motor - totem - liken - meter
	 
	c) dinner - sudden - summit - rabbit - meter
	
	b) dinner - sudden - summit - meter - rabbit
	
	d) fantastic - bandit - tiger - bonus - spice
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 13:32:57
	
Explicação:
Usually divide before a single middle consonant.
When there is only one syllable, you usually divide in front of it, as in: "o/pen", "i/tem", "e/vil", and "re/port", ¿cu/pid¿, ¿ma/ter¿. The only exceptions are those times when the first syllable has an obvious short sound, as in "cab/in".
	How many syllables are there in CLOTHES, SLICE, JANE?
		
	
	c) 2 - 1 - 1
	 
	b) 1- 1 - 1
	
	a) 2- 2- 2
	
	e) 2 - 1 - 2
	 
	d) 2 - 2 - 1
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 13:35:17
	
Explicação:
clothes - 1 syllable
slice - 1 syllable (magic -e)
Jane - 1 syllable (magic -e)
	Which word has two syllables?
		
	
	c)plough
	
	b)cane
	 
	e)outside
	
	a)noise
	
	d)plane
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 13:46:40
	
Explicação:
noise - 1 syllable (magic -e)
cane - 1 syllable  (magic -e)
plough - 1 syllable 
plane - 1 syllable  (magic -e)
outside - 2 syllables  - out-side.
	When are you NEVER going to divide a word in practice?
		
	 
	a) If it has a suffix.
	
	b) If it has a prefix.
	
	e) If it has a double consonant.
	
	c) If it has six syllables.
	 
	d) If the word has five letters or fewer.
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 13:49:03
	
Explicação:
A split which gives only one or two letters at the beginning of the second line is never permissible, and one which gives only one or two letters at the end of the first line is undesirable, but not impermissible. (Exceptions are prefixes, such as re-, di-, etc.).
So: a word such as ¿actor¿ in practice would not be desirable, as  ¿ac-tor¿ would give two letters at the end of the first letter.
A word such as ¿painter¿ in practice would not be permissible, as ¿paint-er¿ would give two letters at the beginning of the second line.
	
	
	In practice, which word can be divided into syllables?
		
	
	a)about
	
	d)paint
	
	c)read
	
	b)plane
	 
	e)atypical
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 13:50:56
	
Explicação:
a·typ·i·cal
All the others have one syllable.
	
	
	How many syllables are there in the word calculator?
		
	 
	4
	
	3
	
	6
	
	2
	
	5
	Select the WRONG alternative considering the word WINDOW.
		
	
	a) in the first syllable the onset is [w]
	 
	e) in the second syllable the coda is [w]
	
	c) in first syllable the nucleus is [i]
	 
	d) in the second syllable the onset is [d]
	
	b) in the first syllable the rhyme is [in]
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 14:50:40
	
Explicação:
window = 2 syllables
First syllable: [win]
Onset = [ w ]
Rhyme = [ i n ]
Nucleus = [ i ]
Coda = [ n ]
 
Second syllable: [ d o ]
Onset = [ d ]
Rhyme = [ o ]
Nucleus = [ o ]
(This syllable has no coda)
ONSET É A PRIMEIRA LETRA DA SÍLABA, RHYME SÃO AS PRÓXIMAS LETRAS JUNTAS, NUCLEUS É A VOGAL DA SÍLABA, CODA É A ULTIMA LETRA DA SÍLABA. PORÉM O CODA SEMPRE SERÁ UMA CONSOANTE, E O “W” É UMA SEMI-VOGAL. POR ISSO A SEGUNDA SÍLABA NÃO TEM CODA. 
	Which verb in the simple past has two syllables?
		
	 
	c)Landed
	
	b)Caused
	
	d)Laughed
	
	a)Walked
	
	e)Bragged
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:01:04
	
Explicação:
Regular past tense of monosyllabic verbs:
1. If the verbs end in \t\ and \d\, another syllable is added: \ed\ . Otherwise, it doesn¿t occur, because as we saw in class 4, when the pronunciation of the infinitive ends in a vowel or voiced consonant, the pronunciation of the _ed suffix will be /d/, and when the pronunciation of the infinitive ends with a voiceless consonant, the pronunciation of the _ed suffix will be /t/. So:
1. painted = 2 syllables (paint-ed)
2. walked = 1 syllable
3. landed = 2 syllables (land-ed)
4. caused = 1 syllable
5. laughed = 1 syllable
	In theory, which word division is WRONG?
		
	
	b)Stop-ping
	
	a)Den-nis
	
	d)I-tem
	
	c)Bas-ket
	 
	e)Mo-mmy
	
	
	Choose the word that has the same number of syllables as DECIDE.
		
	
	d) slip
	
	b) clothes
	
	e) beautiful
	 
	a) table
	
	c) tomato
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:02:49
	
Explicação:
 
de- cide - 2 syllables
ta- vle - 2 syllables
clothes - 1 syllable
to -ma -to = 3 syllables
slip - 1 syllable
beau - ti ful - 3 syllables
	Which word has one syllable?
		
	
	d)Painted
	
	e)Sammy
	 
	b)Clothes
	
	c)Beautiful
	
	a)London
	
	
	How many syllables are there in the word "dictionary"  in American English?
		
	 
	4
	
	3
	
	2
	
	5
	
	6
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:04:34
	
Explicação:
   dic-tion-ar-y - 4 syllables.
	What kind of word is possible to be divided?
		
	 
	e) numbers
	
	d) contractions
	 
	a) words that end in "magic -e"
	
	c) acronyms
	
	b) abbreviations
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:05:37
	
Explicação:
1. You may divide words only between syllables. If a word is one syllable, you may not divide it. So, through, bribe and caught cannot be divided, as they have only one syllable.
2. Do not divide abbreviations, acronyms, contractions, or numbers.
3. Do not divide parts of dates, proper names, or addresses. Do not divide a person's name.
4. Do not divide words that must be read together.
​​​​​​​
LETRAS MUDAS 
What word has a silent letter in American accent but not in British one?
	
c) leade) lean b) interest b) interestinga) silentRespondido em 16/10/2019 15:10:43
Explicação:
	WORDS
	LETTER
	AMERICAN
	BRITISH
	cemetery, different, omelet, several, temperature, interesting
	E
	cemetery, different, omelet, several, temperature, interesting
	cemetery, different, omelet, several, temperature, interesting
	In which alternative there isn't a silent letter?
		
	
	b) Calm
	
	c) Knee
	
	a) Wednesday
	 
	e) begin
	
	d) Mnemonic
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:12:37
	
Explicação:
wednesday 
calm
knee
mnemonic
begin - all the letters are pronounced.
	Mark the only word wich does not have a silent letter:
		
	
	Answer
	
	Climb
	
	Autumn
	 
	Postman
	
	Half
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:13:01
	
Explicação:
climb - "b"
half - " l"
Autumn - "u" - "n"
Answer - "w"
	
What word has a silent letter in British accent but not in American one?
		
	
	e) bite
	
	b) sea
	
	c) read
	
	d) apple
	 
	a) aspirin
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:13:51
	
Explicação:
 (American = ăs′pər-ĭn, Bristish =-prĭn)
	In which word the "h" is a silent letter?
		
	
	c) him
	
	a) hair
	
	d) her
	
	b) house
	 
	e) heir
	
	
	In which word Non-rhotic speakers would pronounce the R:
		
	
	b) flowers
	 
	c) Rebecca
	
	d) her
	 
	a) butter
	
	e) bird
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:16:24
	
Explicação:
A RHOTIC accent will say every /R/ that is written. Speak aloud the following sentence and if you hear and feel yourself saying every /R/ sound, you are a RHOTIC speaker.
Let¿s analyse the following sentence:
Rebecca ran quickly through the flowers and around the river to catch Rover, her overactive dog.
NON-RHOTIC speakers say the /R/ sound ONLY if it is followed by a vowel sound.
	
In whichalternative the "R" would be pronounced in a non-rhotic accent?
		
	 
	d)Crash
	
	e)Gordon
	
	c)Perfume
	
	b)Performance
	
	a)Learn
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:18:49
	
Explicação:
A RHOTIC accent will say every /R/ that is written. Speak aloud the following sentence and if you hear and feel yourself saying every /R/ sound, you are a RHOTIC speaker.
Let¿s analyse the following sentence:
Rebecca ran quickly through the flowers and around the river to catch Rover, her overactive dog.
NON-RHOTIC speakers say the /R/ sound ONLY if it is followed by a vowel sound.
Non-rhotic speakers would pronounce the R¿s in:
Rebecca ran quickly through the flowers and around the river to catch Rover, her overactive dog.
	
Which consonants are silent in CUPBOARD, CAMPBELL, BADGE?
		
	 
	d) p, p, d
	
	b) none, none, none
	
	a) p, p, g
	
	e) p, none, g
	
	c) none, p, d
	
	
	In the sentence: "Richard never drives slowly", how many R's would be pronounced by a non-rhotic speaker?
		
	
	d) 1
	 
	b) 2
	
	c) 3
	
	a) 4
	
	e) none
	Which word has the stress on the first syllable in American accent?
		
	
	e) detail
	 
	c) cigarette
	
	d) cliché
	
	a) adult
	
	b) ballet
	
	
STRESSED SYLLABLE: SÍLABA TÔNICA.
	According to a non-rhotic accent this transcription /bɜ:st/ is related to word:
		
	 
	a) burst
	
	d) bist
	
	c) bust
	
	b) best
	
	e) busted
	
	
	Which alternative DOESN'T have a word with a silent letter?
		
	
	d) hymn
	 
	a) leopard
	
	c) knee
	 
	e) link
	
	b) walk
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:26:29
	
Explicação:
 
leopard =/ˈlepə(r)d/
walk =/wɔːk/
knee = /niː/
hymn = /hɪm/
link = /lɪŋk/
	Which letters are silent in the words DEBT, PLUMB, SIGN, ISLAND?
		
	
	c) b, b, g, n
	
	e) b, none, g, s
	 
	a) b, b, g, s
	
	b) b, m, g, s
	
	d) b, m, g, n
	
	
	Which alternative has a word with a silent letter?
		
	
	a) can
	
	e) sink
	
	c) set
	 
	b) cane
	
	d) let
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:27:48
	
Explicação:
cane - the 'e' is a magic-e = silent letter.
	What are the silent letters in the following words: salmon - lamb - sign - wrap
		
	
	a) n - b - g - w
	
	c) n- m - n - w
	
	b) l- m - g - w
	 
	d) l - b - g - w
	
	e) n - m- g - w
	
	
TONICIDADE E ENTONAÇÃO 
	In the sentence: "Lucas has placed his bicycle on the rack.", what are the content words?
		
	
	e)Lucas - has - placed - his - bicycle - on - rack
	
	c)Lucas - placed - his - bicycle - rack
	
	a)Lucas - has - placed - bicycle - rack
	 
	b)Lucas - placed - bicycle - rack
	
	d)Lucas - has - placed - his - bicycle - rack
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:31:57
	
Explicação:Content Words
Nouns  - Adjectives  - Full verbs - Adverbs ¿ Demonstratives - Interrogatives - Yes/No answers.
	
Choose the alternative with the correct stressed syllable.
		
	
	a) conTRIbution
	
	e) YOURself
	
	d) to PREsent
	
	c) REvelation
	 
	b) to conTRIbute
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:34:23
	
Explicação:
 
reflexive pronouns = yourSELF,     himSELF,     herSELF  
words ending in = ion and -tion = teleVIsion, reveLAtion
 
Nouns are stressed on the FIRST syllable and verbs on the SECOND one.  
                               Nouns                                                               Verbs
présent (gift)                                      presént (to offer)
 In general, when a SUFFIX is added to a word, the new form is stressed on the same syllable as was the basic word:   aBANdon  aBANdonment  -  HAPpy  HAPpiness
Exceptions: the words ending in  -TION, -SION, -IC, -ICAL, -ITY,  and -GRAPHY -  they receive the accent in the syllable  preceding the suffix.
Examples: conTRIbute   contriBUtion -     biOlogy     bioLOgical  -   PUblic     puBLIcity
	Match and choose the correct alternative.
1. falling pitch                       (    ) Will you stay?
2. rising pitch                        (    ) Linda is my sister.
(    ) Where is my book?
(    ) Show me your finger. 
(    ) Let's leave, shall we?
		
	 
	e) 2 - 1 - 2 - 1 - 1
	
	a) 2 - 2 - 2 - 1 - 1
	 
	c) 2 - 1 - 1 - 2 - 2
	
	d) 2 - 2 - 1 - 2 - 2
	
	b) 2 - 1 - 1 - 2 - 1
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:38:14
	
Explicação:
PHRASES  ENDING WITH A FALLING  PITCH
1. Declarative statements.
      Examples:   Linda  is  my sister .         He is not going .
 2.  Questions that require more than YES/NO response (such question words include who, what, why, where, which, how)begin with an interrogative word (question words).
Examples:   What¿s this?          (It¿s a book.)       Where is my book?              (It¿s here.)
 PHRASES  ENDING WITH A RISING PITCH
1. Questions that ask for a  Yes /No  response  (such questions include can, do, will, would, may, is, etc.) Examples:    Will you stay          (No, I can¿t.)          
                   Can you hélp me?            Has he written you?           Were they asleep?
 2. Statements that express doubt or uncertainty
Examples:      I¿m not positive.       I think he¿s coming.
3. Commands
Show me your finger.
Pay attention to your teacher.
	
Choose the alternative with the correct stressed syllable.
		
	
	a) ENgineer
	
	d ) to CONceal
	
	e) to COMplain
	 
	c) to deRIDE
	
	b) EIGHteen
	
What is the stressed syllable in the words: favorite - informal - invisible
		
	
	e)Fa - for - in
	
	c)Vor - for - vis
	 
	a)Fa - for - vis
	
	d)Vor - in - in
	
	b)Fa - in - vis
	Choose the alternative with the correct stressed syllable.
		
	 
	d) disPLAY
	
	a) to EXceed
	
	c) BElief
	
	b) DEvice
	
	e) to DElay
	
	
	A function word is:
		
	
	A word that carries independent meaning and is also called content word.
	
	A word full of semantic meaning which is responsible for the creation of grammatical relationships.
	
	A word used to express an action or a state and also make references to time and manner.
	 
	A word with little semantic meaning which is responsible for the creation of grammatical relationships.
	
	A word full of semantic meaning which is responsible for joining parts of a sentence together.
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:42:36
	
Explicação:
Function word - a word, as a preposition, conjunction, or article, that chiefly expresses grammatical relationships and has little semantic content of its own.
TIPO “DO” “DOES” “BE” “HAVE” “IS”, ETC.. É NECESSÁRIA NA FRASE PRA ESTRUTURA GRAMATICAL DA FRASE MAS NÃO CARREGA SENTIDO EM SI.
	What is the content word in the sentence "I have come to see you"?
		
	 
	a) come
	
	e) you
	
	c) have
	
	d) to
	
	b) I
	For each word in column A there is a homophone in column B. Write the number of its homophone next to each word in column A and choose the alternative:
1. wait 2. brake 3. piece 4. side 5. threw ( ) sighed ( ) peace ( ) weight ( ) through ( ) break
		
	
	b) 3 - 4 - 1 - 5 - 2
	
	a) 4 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 5
	
	c) 4 - 3 - 2 - 5 - 1
	 
	d) 4 - 3 - 1 - 5 - 2
	
	e) 4 - 3 - 5 - 2 - 1
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:50:11
	
Explicação:
Homophones = same sound, different spelling
1. wait = weight
2. brake = break
3. piece = peace
4. side = sighed
5. threw =  through
	In Which alternative there is a WRONG concept?
		
	 
	Minimal pairs are two words that are identical in every way except for two sounds.
	
	In non-rhotic dialects, /r/ can only occur before a vowel, never at the end of a word or before a consonant.
	
	A restricted phoneme is a phoneme that can only occur in a certain environment.
	
	/ŋ/, as in sing, occurs only at the end of a syllable, neverat the beginning.
	
	An allophone is one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds (or phones) used to pronounce a single phoneme.
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:54:04
	
	Which group isn´t a minimal pair?
		
	 
	catch - caught
	
	desk - disk
	
	 sit - seat
	
	 fan - van
	
	wait - wet
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 16:02:21
	
Explicação:
Rules for minimal pairs:
they must have the same number of sounds
they must be identical in every sound except for one
the sound that is different must be in the same position in each word
the words must have different meanings
Explicação:
Here are four golden rules for minimal pairs:
they must have the same number of sounds
they must be identical in every sound except for one
the sound that is different must be in the same position in each word
the words must have different meanings
	Which word has a restricted phoneme?
		
	
	b) peel
	
	e) toe
	
	d) steam
	
	c) steal
	 
	a) sing
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 15:56:12
	
Explicação:
A restricted phoneme is a phoneme that can only occur in a certain environment: There are restrictions as to where it can occur. English has several restricted phonemes:
/ŋ/, as in sing, occurs only at the end of a syllable, never at the beginning
/h/ occurs only before vowels and at the beginning of a syllable, never at the end
In non-rhotic dialects, /r/ can only occur before a vowel, never at the end of a word or before a consonant.
	Which of the words below  is an example of Homograph ?
		
	
	Window.
	
	Sleep.
	 
	Desert .
	 
	Ball.
	
	Dish.
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 16:00:26
	
Explicação:
Desert, as a noun, is an area, often covered with sand or rocks, where  there is very little rain and not many plants: They were lost in the desert for nine days.
Desert, as a verb, means to leave the armed forces without permission and with no intention of returning: Soldiers who deserted and were caught were shot.
(dictionary.cambridge.org )
		Which word has a restricted phoneme?
	 
		
	
	 blow
	 
	heal
	
	cream
	
	 deal
	 
	bring
	
	
	Perhaps the biggest difference between British and American English lies in the pronunciation. In British English, many vowels have different sounds and are usually not nasalized. In which alternative this difference is wrong?
		
	
	In British English the consonant /r/ is pronounced only before a vowel (for example in red and bedroom). In all other cases the /r/ is silent, sounding more similar to the sound "ah" (for example in car, learn, over). In American English the /r/ is always pronounced wherever it appears in word.
	
	The pot is hot - In British English, the "o" in words like pot and hot is pronounced by rounding lips.
	
	In British English, the "a" in words like can't, class and fast is pronounced at the back of the mouth whereas in America English it's pronounced at the front of the mouth.
	
	Stressed vowels are usually longer in American English.
	 
	In British English the "t" between vowels is pronounced as a soft "d" (/d/), so that writer and rider sound similar. American English speakers usually pronounce the "t" as /t/.
	Respondido em 16/10/2019 16:06:11
	
Explicação:
In American English the "t" between vowels is pronounced as a soft "d" (/d/), so that writer and rider sound similar. British English speakers usually pronounce the "t" as /t/.
	
	
		Match and then choose the right alternative.
1. homonym 2. homograph 3. homophone
( ) read (present) X read (past)
( ) bear (to support or to carry) X bear (the animal)
( ) hire X higher
	
	
	
	c) 3 - 2 - 1
	
	
	a) 2 - 1 - 3
	
	
	d) 3 - 1 - 2
	
	
	b) 2 - 3 - 1
	
	
	e) 1 - 3 - 2
	
Explicação:
homonym - the same spelling and the same pronunciation but have different meanings.
rose (flower) and rose (past tense of rise).
stalk (part of a plant) and stalk (follow/harass a person)
left (past tense of leave) and left (opposite of right).
Homophones = same sound, different spelling
to, too, two
there, their, they¿re
read (peruse) and reed (waterside plant)
Homographs = different sound, same spelling (Also called in English HETERONYM)
bow (the front of a ship) and bow (a type of knot).
row (to argue or an argument) and row (as in to row a boat or a row of seats - a pair of homophones).
		Which group of words ISN'T a minimal pair?
	
	
	
	c) believe - belief
	
	
	b) toy - boy
	
	
	e) say - stay
	
	
	d) sue - zoo
	
	
	a) pay - bay
		Choose the right alternative.
1. homonym 2. homograph 3. homophone
 ( ) different meaning, different spelling, same pronunciation
 ( ) different meaning, same spelling, different pronunciation
( ) different meaning, same spelling, same pronunciation
	
	
	
	b) 3 - 2 -1
	
	
	d) 2 - 3 - 1
	
	
	e) 2 - 1 - 3
	
	
	a) 1 - 2- 3
	
	
	c) 3 - 1 - 2
AULA 10 
		Which of the following words begins with a voiceless fricative consonant?
	
	
	
	a) sit
	
	
	b) dog
	
	
	c) cut
	
	
	e) pen
	
	
	d) bin
	Explicação:
Voiced B, D, G, J, L, M, N, Ng, R, Sz, Th (then), V, W, Y e Z.
Voiceless Ch, F, K, P, S, Sh, T e Th (thing)
		
Which word has a consonant digraph?
	
	
	
	b) spare
	
	
	c) slice
	
	
	e) rich
	
	
	d) wood
	
	
	a) cane
	Explicação:
CONSONANT DIGRAPH = 1 SOUND = CH.
		How many phonemes are there in BARK considering respectively a rhotic and a non-rhotic accent?
	
	
	
	a) 4 - 3
	
	
	c) 4 - 4
	
	
	e) 2 - 2
	
	
	d) 3 - 3
	
	
	b) 3 - 4
		Choose the transcription that represents the word "through".
	
	
	
	/ðru/
	
	
	/θrou/
	
	
	/tru/
	
	
	/ðrou/
	
	
	/θru/
	
Explicação:
THROUGH = /θruː/
		How many phonemes are there in SIX?
	
	
	
	c) 4
	
	
	d) 5
	
	
	b) 2
	
	
	a) 3
	
	
	e) 6
	
Explicação:
SIX = /sɪks/
		Which word has the same number of phonemes as in CHOOSE?
	
	
	
	b) ate
	
	
	d) wait
	
	
	c) takes
	
	
	e) bags
	
	
	a) be
	
Explicação:
 
CHOOSE = 3 PHONEMES = /tʃuːz/
BE = 1 PHONEME
ATE = 2 PHONEMES
TAKES = 4 PHONEMES
WAIT = (wāt) = 3 PHONEMES
BAGS = 4 PHONEMES
		Choose the transcription that represents the word "wrote". /rəʊt/ /wrot/ /rot/ /wroti/ /rɔti/
	
	
	
	/rot/
	
	
	/rɔti/
	
	
	/rəʊt/
	
	
	/wroti/
	
	
	/wrot/