Design and Simulation of Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for X-Band Applications

Prévia do material em texto

Design and Simulation of Microstrip Patch 
Antenna Array for X-Band Applications 
Rozh Najeeb, Diyari Hassan, Dana Najeeb, Huseyin Ademgil 
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, European University of LetKe 
Gemikonagi, TRNC 
144009@std.eul.edu.tr, 144073@std.eul.edu.tr, 14401 0@std.eul.edu.tr, hademgil@eul.edu.tr 
Abstract -This study contains theoretical analysis of a single 
element microstrip patch antenna model by using high frequency 
structural simulator (HFSS) simulation software to support X­
Band applications. In our simulations, FR4 epoxy was used as 
dielectric material with relative permittivity of 4.4. Also, in order 
to enhance the gain and the bandwidth of the proposed antenna, 
4x1 array element is applied. The simulation results have shown 
that array technique intensely improve the performance of the 
antenna with the Gain 10.88 dB, Return Loss -36.1 dB, 
Bandwidth 5.03 GHz and minimum VSWR 1.03. 
Keywords - Patch anntenna,· array,· X-band 
I. INTRODUCTION 
One of the most critical parts of the wireless 
communication is the antenna, which is radiate the 
electromagnetic waves through the space and receives it by 
another antenna [1 -2]. The evolution in wireless 
communication systems led to create compact small size 
devices. However, the antenna still remains large-sized 
compare to other components. Therefore, in order to reduce the 
size of the antenna, Microstrip patch antenna have been 
developed due to many merits such as small size, low profile, 
low cost, ease of installation, light weight, flexibility and 
mechanical robustness when composed on hard surfaces, 
compatibility with microwave monolithic integrated circuit 
esign etc. Microstrip patch antenna widely used in wireless 
communication applications such as telemetry and 
communications, aviation, naval communications, automatic 
guidance of intelligent weaponry, satellite, biomedical, radar, 
GPS systems [2-4]. 
The microstrip patch antenna typically consists of 
conducting patch, dielectric substrate and ground plane as 
shown in Fig. 1 . The patch and the ground planes are printed 
on the top and the bottom of the substrate sequentially. 
Fig. 1. Rectangular microstrip patch antenna. 
978-1-5090-3784-1/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE 
The patch has different geometric shapes such as 
rectangular, square, dipole, triangular, circular, elliptical or 
possible shape. Furthermore it construct from conductive 
material such as copper or gold, the substrate dielectric 
constant Gr is generally in the range 2.2<; Gr <;12 and the height h 
usually in the range O.OO3Ao <; h <;0.05Ao , where Ao is the free 
space wavelength Ao = 0.1 25 [5-6]. 
There are many feeding techniques that are categorized into 
two classes, contacting and non-contacting. The most popular 
feeding methods are microstrip line, coaxial probe (both 
contacting schemes), aperture coupling and proximity coupling 
(both non-contacting schemes) [7]. Single element microstrip 
patch antennas have several limitations such as narrow 
bandwidth, low gain and low efficiency. However, many 
applications in wireless communication requires a wide band 
and high gain which may not be achieved by a single element 
microstrip antenna, Hence these disadvantages can be 
overcome by using array microstrip patch antennas [S-lO]. 
[n this paper, an array rectangular microstrip patch antenna 
was designed and simulated by HFSS Vl3 (High Frequency 
Structure Simulator) software tool. The proposed antenna 
operates on wide band frequency range (S.99GHZ - 14.02GHz) 
that supports at X-band and Ku-band applications such as 
satellite communications and Radar. 
[I. ANTENNA DESIGN 
[nitially, as can be seen in Fig.2, a single element 
rectangular microstrip patch antenna is proposed. The 
rectangular patch antenna applied on the dielectric material 
FR4 _epoxy with relative permittivity Gr = 4.4, tangent loss 
6 = 0.02 and thickness h = 1 .S5mm. The dimensions of the 
rectangular patch antenna with its loaded slots are shown in the 
Table I. The bandwidth of this antenna is between (9.55GHz -
1 O.03GHz) that supports the X- band applications. 
(a) 
79 
L2 L2 
LI 
Ll 
L 
1 
(b) 
Fig. 2. Single element rectangular microstrip patch antenna (a) Microstrip 
patch design, (b) Top View. 
The desired dimensions of the proposed patch antenna are 
based on following equations (1 )-(5) [1 1 - 1 2]: 
w-
co � 
2fo (1 + cr) 
Where Co = 3x1 0-8 m/s is the free-space velocity of light. 
C + 1 C - 1 [ h ]-llz 
C ff = _r __ +_r __ 1 + 12-re 2 2 W 
Co Leff = ----2fo.J creff 
(Creff + 0.3) (� + 0.264) 
.6L = 0.402h W 
(Creff - 0.258) (11 + 0.8) 
L = Leff -2t.L 
(1 ) 
(2) 
(3) 
(4) 
(5) 
The ground plane dimensions, Width (Wg) and Length (Lg) 
is given by [3, 6]: 
Wg = W+6h (6) 
TABLE I. 
"C ., -. ., 
3 " 
;--. 
W 
L 
Wg 
Lg 
Lf 
Wf 
S 
WI 
W2 
L g = L + 6h 
DIMENSIONS OF THE SINGLE ELEMENT RECTANGULAR 
MICROS TRIP PATCH ANTENNA 
-< "C -< "C -< ., ., ., ., ., = -. = -. = " ., " ., " 
3' 3 3' 3 3' " " 
� ;- � ;- � -. -. 
9.13 W3 0.65 L2 0.635 
6.27 W4 0.35 L3 0.3 
24.8 W5 0.4 L4 l.3 
20.97 W6 1.1 L5 1.4 
6.85 W7 0.2 L6 2.4 
2.5 W8 2.065 L7 0.7 
0.4 W9 0.35 L8 3 
3 WIO 1.065 L9 2.083 
2.8 Ll 3.5 R 0.4 
(7) 
Fig. 3 shows the 4 x 1 microstrip patch antenna array. The 
second and fourth rectangular patch elements having the same 
shape as the single element rectangular microstrip patch 
antenna. However, the first and third rectangular patch 
elements have only a one rectangular slot in a middle of each 
patch element. Furthermore, these antennas have the same 
dimensions and dielectric substrate that proposed for the first 
antenna design. 
Fig. 3. 4 x I microstrip patch antenna array 
The bandwidth of the 4 x 1 microstrip patch antenna array 
is between (S.99GHZ - 14.02GHz) that supports the Ku - band 
and X- band applications . 
The proposed antenna designed for 500 impedance, thus 
the following equations below were used to obtain the width of 
the feed line 500 impedance. 
Zo fFr + 1 Er -1 A=-x - -+ -- x 
60 2 Er + 1 
( 0.11) 
0.23+ � (8) 
80 
377 x TI 
B = -------== 
2 x Zo x Fr 
2 x h{ Er -1 
w = -- B-1 -InC2 x B-1) + --
IT 2x� 
[ 
0.61 ]} 
x InCB -1) + 0.39 ---2 x Er 
(9) 
(1 0) 
In Addition, with respect to one section of the power 
divider which is equal to Z2=-J2 x Zo, the impedance adaptation 
with 500 line feed obtained by an expression as 
Zz = .JZo X Zz = 70.7H1 (1 1 ) 
Finally, to obtain the width of power divider, the value of 
impedance 70.7 10 will substitute into equations (8) (9) (1 0) 
[2-1 3 ]. 
TABLE II. 4 x l M1CROSTR1P PATCH ANTENNA ARRAy 
Parameter Va\ue(mm) 
Wll 5 
W12 2.065 
L10 0.6 
Lll 1.635 
Ll2 0.5 
III. SIMULATION RESULTS 
The Return loss, the gain, the VSWR and the radiation 
pattern of the proposed models needs to be evaluated before 
one can conclude the proposed antennas to be practical. 
Single element Microstrip Patch Antenna 
As can be seen in the Fig. 4(a), the minimum return loss is -
30dB at 9.77GHz, also at below -IOdB return loss the 
bandwidth is between 9.55 GHz to 1 O.03GHz. Hence, the 
antenna has the fractional impedance bandwidth 4.91 %. 
Ideally, the value of VSWR for operating frequency must be 
less than 2 (VSWRS2) [14]. Fig. 4(b) shows the value of 
minimum VSWR of the proposed antenna is 1 .06.There are 
two important parameters gain and directivity that are effected 
on the performance of the antenna have been obtained 5.1 5dB 
and 5.95dB respectively as shown in Fig. 4(c) (d). 
0.00 F===7===::::::-------=:=�m�1 �9.7�73�9 .�30�.OO�38 
iii -5.00 
�10.00+----__,___-----_+-+-------_____1 II> 
.3-15.00 
E-20.00 
:::I 
�-25.00 
-30.00 
-35.0�-t.0-=- 0 --�8-r,0-=-0 --�9.-r 00=-----1-=-= 0'=,0-:c0---1:-01'=, 0"" 0 ---1� 2.00 Frequency [GHz] 
(a) 
2o.00 17'=------------����g 
17.50 I,;;; 197739k0653 1 
_15.00 
OJ 
11112.50 
;;10.00 
� 7.50 
> 5.00 
2.50l=
::::::::::::::��::::::::::::::=����
��:::::::=�=:::::::::::;j O.O�.OO 8.00 9,00 10,00 11.00 12.00 Frequency [GHz] 
(b) 
1000T-------------:----l5"E��g 
5.00 I,,;'; 114()0001515191 
-0.00 
iii' -5.00 
�1000 
'�15 00 (9-20.00 
-25.00 
-30.00 
-35�gOc'+ O--c.0- 0----cc 1 0-r 0"C'.00- ---0� .0'C"0 ----1 CCOO- . Occ O----20cciO. 00 Theta [deg] 
(c) 
Radiation Pattern 
o 
-180 
(d) 
Fig. 4. Return Loss (a), VSWR Verses Frequency (b), Gain (c), Antenna 
Radiation Pattern (d). 
4 x I Microstrip Patch Antenna Array 
From the return loss graph as shown in Fig. 5(a), is appear 
that the minimum return loss is -36.1 dB at 1 2.03GHz, also at 
below -I OdB return loss the bandwidth is between 8.99GHz to 
14.02GHz. Hence, the antenna has the fractional impedance 
bandwidth 41 . 81 %, furthermore, the antenna support C-band 
applications at (6.22GHz - 6.61 GHz) with return loss -25.7dB 
at 6.31 GHz and fractional impedance bandwidth 6.1 8%.lt is 
observed from the VSWR curve in Fig. 5(b), the value of 
minimum VSWR is 1 .03. The Fig. 5(c) (d) shows the gain and 
directivity that are obtained from array antenna are 1 0.88dB 
and 1 2.47dB respectively, hence, the gain and directivity are 
significantly increased compared to the single element patch 
antenna. 
81 
-1.00 f;;;;;:;,-�==:::---t-t-������ 
-4.00 !,;:;; h2 0352!-36 0991 ! 
iii" -7.00 
,,-10.00 +---+-f-----�-----'------__,__I 
-;"13.00 
�-16.00 
--'-19.00 
E-22.00 
.il-25.00 
�-28.00 
-31.00 
-34.00 
-37 .005:'l .0:-:: 0�-:C6.cO-=-0 �7::-.0!C: 0�-::C 8"""!: .0-:C0�9-=-."!C 00�-c1 0='.0-:C 0�1""' 1-r:.0:':" 0��::---'"-='�"'C1"'":" 4C: .0� 0 Frequency [GHz] 
(a) 
14.00 ]--=---------;:--------::---����g 13.00 I,;;; 11 20352k o3181 12.00 11.00 
g;1�:gg 
§. 8.00 
It: 7.00 
3: 6.00 g? 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 +==::j;�===�S;;;;;;;;::;;::=::::i:==:;;;;;;2� 1.004 
O.OO����-�-�-�-��-�-_--_-_� 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 Frequency [GHz] 
(b) 
1 0. 00 r--------�;;o;;;;,:-------Pl,,;:;:.:; �1-2�8.�O O�o::Jol�10=i8�80�61 
5. 00 
iii" 0 00 
�-5. 00 
c 
�-10 00 
-15. 00 
-20. 00 
-25 �gO:-!0c-:. 0:-=0---� -1-:-::0:T 0-=. 0-: 0---�0c: . 0-=-0---�1 0::-: 0r: . 0:-:: 0---�2::-: 0:-:J 0 00 Theta [deg] 
(c) 
Radiation Pattern 
o 
-180 
(d) 
Fig. 5. Return Loss (a), VSWR Verses Frequency (b), Gain (c), Antenna 
Radiation Pattern (d). 
Table 3 shows the summary of obtaind parameters for 
single element patch and 4x 1 array patch antenna. 
TABLE IIL SUMMARY RESULTS OF SINGLE PATCH AND 4xl ARRAy 
PATCH ANTENNA 
Parameters Single Patch 4 x 1 Patch 
Return Loss (dB) -30 -36.1 
Resonance Frequency (GHz) 9.77 12.03 
Frequency Range (GHz) 9.55 - 10.03 8.99 - 14.02 
Bandwidth 480 MHz 5.03 GHz 
Fractional Bandwidth 4.91 41.81 
Gain (dB) 5.15 10.88 
Directivity (dB) 5.95 12.47 
Minimum VSWR 1.06 1.03 
IV. CONCLUSION 
In sum, simulation results have shown that the single 
element microstrip antenna with their several limitations such 
as low gain and narrow bandwidth can be improved by using 
microstrip patch array antenna. The array antenna is the 
convenience solution to enhance the performance of antenna. 
As can be observed from the simulation results, the bandwidth 
of array patch antenna has improved roughly equivalent of ten 
times as compared to the single element patch antenna and also 
the gain and directivity became nearly more than twice as 
compared to single element microstrip patch antenna. 
For the future researches work, In order to improve the 
antenna performance and size reduction, higher number of 
patch elements with different configuration geometric design 
and other feeding networks would be investigated. 
REFERENCES 
[I] T.F. Eibert, and.l.1. Volakis, "Antenna Engineering Handbook''', Fourth 
Edition McGraw-Hill, 2007. 
[2] G. Casu, C. Mararu, and A Kovacs, "Design and Implementation of 
Microstrip Patch Antenna Array," IEEE 10th International Conference 
on Communications, pp. 1-4, May 2014. 
[3] B.S. Sandeep, and S.S. Kashyap, "Design and Simulation of Microstrip 
Patch Arrayantenna for Wireless Communications at 2.4 GHZ," 
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, VoL 3, pp. 
1-4, November 2012. 
[4] R.P. Dwivedi, U.K. Kommuri and Veeramani, "Design and Simulation 
of Wideband Patch Antenna far Wireless Application," IEEE, 2nd 
International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks 
(SPIN), pp. 15-18, February 2015. 
[5] P. Upadhyay and R. Sharma, "Design and Study of Inset Feed Square 
Microstrip Patch Antenna far S-Band Application," International 
Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management 
(IJAIEM), Vol. 2, pp. 256-262, January 2013. 
[6] A Majumder, "Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Using 
Coaxial Probe Feeding Technique to Operate in S-Band," International 
Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (UETT) - VoL 4, pp. 
1206-1210 ,April 2013. 
[7] A Kumar, .I. Kaur, and R. Singh, "Performance Analysis of Different 
Feeding Techniques," International Journal of Emerging Technology 
and Advanced EngineeringCertified Journal, Vol. 3, pp. 884-890, March 
2013. 
[8] D. Jabin, AK. Singh, G. Srinivas, and V.S. Tripathi, "Double U-Slot 
Loaded Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna with 2x2 Array for Multiband 
Operation," IEEE students conferance on Engineering and Systems 
(SCES) , pp. 1-3, May 2014. 
[9] H. Sajjad, WT Sethi, K. Zeb, and A Mairaj, "Microstrip Patch Antenna 
Array at 3.8 GHz fo r WiMax and UAV Applications," IEEE, The 2014 
International Workshop on Antenna Technology, pp. 107-110, March 
2014. 
[10] RJ. Jothi Chitra, M. Rajasekaran, and V. Nagarajan, "Design of double 
L-slot Microstrip Patch Antenna Array far WiMAXlWLAN Application 
82 
using step width junction feed," IEEE, International conference on 
Communication and Signal Processing, pp. 298-304, April 2013. 
[II] C.A. Balanis, c.A., "Antenna Theory: Analysis Design," Third Edition, 
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. 
[12] P. Subbulakshmi, and R. Rajkumar, "Design and Characterization of 
Corporate Feed Rectangular Microstrip Patch Array Antenna," IEEE 
International Conference on Emerging Trends in Computing, 
Communication and Nanotechnology, pp. 547-552, March 2013. 
[13] 1. Smjati, and 1. Haidi, " Increasing Bandwidth Triangular Microstrip 
Antenna Using Parasitic Patch," IEEE APS Topical Conference on 
Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC), pp. 
809-812, September 2015. 
[14] B. Niboriya, C. Choudhary, and G. Prabhakar, "S-shape Wideband 
Microstrip Patch Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Bandwidth for 
Wireless Communication", International Journal of Computer 
Applications, Vo1.73, pp. 17-20, July 2013. 
83