LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS 06 A 10

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LÍNGUA INGLESA- ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
AULA 06
	
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	According to the use of WILL, choose the right option:
		
	
	It is used when plans are fixed like a timetable.
	
	It is used to say that something is going to happen.
	
	It is used to say what somebody has already arranged.
	 
	It is used in offering to do something.
	
	It is used in personal arrangements.
	
Explicação:
Future simple (will) - Used for predictions, spontaneous reactions and promises
Future with 'going to' - Used for plans events and things you see are about to occur
Present continuous for the future - Used for scheduled events in the future
Future perfect - Used for what will have been completed by a future moment in time
Future continuous - Used for what will be happening at a specific moment in time in the future.
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	According to the use of Futures tenses, choose the option which best suits the dialogue below. A: Did you hear that Christine (take) _____ a vacation in South America this winter? B: I can't believe how often she goes abroad. Where exactly does she want to go? A: She (visit) _________ Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. B: At this rate, she (visit) __________ every country in the world by the time she's 50.
		
	 
	is going to take - is going to visit - will have visited
	
	is going to taken - is going to visit - will had visited
	
	is going to take - is going to visited - will have visit
	
	is going to take - is going to visited - will have visited
	
	is going to taken - is going to visited - will have visit
	
Explicação:
A: Did you hear that Christine (take) _____ a vacation in South America this winter? = is going to take = Future with 'going to' - Used for plans events and things you see are about to occur
B: I can't believe how often she goes abroad. Where exactly does she want to go?
A: She (visit) _________ Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. = is going to visit = Future with 'going to' - Used for plans events and things you see are about to occur
B: At this rate, she (visit) __________ every country in the world by the time she's 50. = will have visited. = States that a future action will be completed before a point in time or before another action in the future.
	
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that completes the sentences below:
 I. Oh no! I've broken the vase. What (I - to say)
 II. John hasn't eaten. - Don't worry I (to make) him a sandwich.
 III. Unless he arrives soon, we (to go) to the party.
		
	
	b) am I going to say - am going to make - will not go
	
	d) will I say - will make - will not go
	 
	e) will I say - will make - are not going
	 
	a) am I going to say - will make - are not going
	
	c) will I say - I am going to make - will not go
	
Explicação:
I. Oh no! I've broken the vase. What (I - to say) - will I say -  A decision at the moment of speaking. It implies intention alone, and this intention is usually, though not necessarily, unpremeditated.
 II. John hasn't eaten. - Don't worry I (to make) him a sandwich. - I will make -  A decision at the moment of speaking. It implies intention alone, and this intention is usually, though not necessarily, unpremeditated.
 III. Unless he arrives soon, we (to go) to the party. - we are not going to - Prediction based on present evidence.
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the option which shows the first sentence in the Future Simple and the second one in the Future Continuous.
		
	
	They won't change the telephone number. / I shall do it for you.
	 
	Can I walk you home? / I 'll be writing to you again.
	
	He will change his job. / They'll probably study at university.
	
	Will you not be speaking? / We are going to the cinema next weekend.
	
	Everybody will be working on a computer sooner or later. / At 8 o'clock I will be travelling to Dorset.
	
Explicação:
Can I walk you home? - 'can' here expresses a future action.
l'll be writing to you again. - future continuous. 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the most suitable verb form for the sentences:
 I. They (to fly) to London on Friday evening.
II. Wait! I (to drive) you to the station.
III. Listen! There's someone at the door. I (to open) the door for you.
		
	
	e) will fly - will drive - will open
	
	a) are going to fly - am going to drive - am going to open
	
	b) are flying - am going to drive - will open
	 
	c) are flying - will drive - will open
	
	d) are flying - will drive - am going to open
	
Explicação:
They (to fly) to London on Friday evening. = They are flying = Present continuous for the future - Used for scheduled events in the future.
 Wait! I (to drive) you to the station. = I will drive = Someone is calling the attention. 
Listen! There's someone at the door. I (to open) the door for you. = I will open. = Someone is calling the attention. 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the right option which explains the use of Future Perfect Tense.
		
	 
	It shows an action that will be complete before some time in the future.
	
	It shows an action where somebody is asked to do something.
	
	It shows an action that started in the past and continued until the present.
	
	It shows an action that will be in progress at some time in the future.
	
	It shows an action that is going to happen at the time of speaking.
	
Explicação:
The Future Perfect states that a future action will be completed before a point in time or before another action in the future. 
With a future time word, ( and often with by¿)→talkaboutanactiontw^illf∈ishbeforeacerta∈time∈thefuture,butwedon¿tknowexactlywhen.
 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	According to the use of Future, choose the option which best suits the dialogue below. A: Where is Tim going to meet us? B: He (wait) __________ for us when our train arrives. I am sure he (stand) __________ on the platform when we pull into the station. A: And then what? B: We (pick) _____________ Michele up at work and go out to dinner.
		
	
	will wait - will stand - are going to pick
	
	will be waiting - will standing - will pick
	
	will wait - will standing - will picking
	
	will be waiting - will stand - will pick
	 
	will be waiting - will be standing - are going to pick
	
Explicação:
A: Where is Tim going to meet us?
:B: He (wait) __________ for us when our train arrives. = will be waiting = future perfect simple = States that a future action will be completed before a point in time or before another action in the future;
A: I am sure he (stand) __________ on the platform when we pull into the station. = will be standing = future perfect simple = States that a future action will be completed before a point in time or before another action in the future;
A: And then what?
B: We (pick) _____________ Michele up at work and go out to dinner. = are going to pick = Future with 'going to' - Used for plans events and things you see are about to occur.
 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	According to the use of Future Tense, which of the verb tenses above is used to describe things that we have already arranged to?
		
	
	Present Perfect
	 
	Present Continuous
	
	Future
	
	Past Continuous
	
	Simple Present
	
Explicação:
Present continuous for the future - Used for scheduled events in the future.
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	Match
1. WILL      
2. TO BE + GOING TO                              
 (    ) Prediction based on present evidence.
 (    ) A decision at the moment of speaking.
 (    ) Future plans made before the moment of speaking
 (    ) Prediction based on opinion.
		
	
	e) 1 - 1 - 2 - 1
	
	a) 1 - 2 - 1 - 2
	
	b) 2 - 1 - 2 - 2
	
	c) 2 - 2 - 1 - 1
	 
	d) 2 - 1 - 2 - 1
	
Explicação:
Will - A prediction based on opinion. It implies that the speaker thinks/believe that it will happen.
To be + going to - A prediction based on something we can see (or hear) now. There are signs that something will happen.
Will - A decision at the moment of speaking. It implies intention alone, and this intention is usually, though not necessarily,unpremeditated.
To be + going to - A decision before the moment of speaking. It implies a premeditated intention, and often an intention plus plan.
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the most suitable verb form for the sentences:
I. Did you remember to invite Mrs. Oates? - Oh, no! I forgot. But I (call) her now.
II. I'll have a holiday next week. I (not get up) at 6 o'clock as usual.
 III. You are so late! Everybody (work) when you arrive at the office.
 IV. Be careful or the cars (knock) you down.
		
	
	e) will call - will not be getting up - are going to work - are going to knock.
	 
	b) will call - will not be getting up - will be working - are going to knock
	 
	c) will call - will not be getting up - will be working - will knock
	
	a) am going to call - will not be getting up - will be working - will knock
	
	d) am going to call - will not be getting up - will be working - are going to knock
	
Explicação:
I. Did you remember to invite Mrs. Oates? - Oh, no! I forgot. But I (call) her now. - will call - A decision at the moment of speaking. It implies intention alone, and this intention is usually, though not necessarily, unpremeditated.
II. I'll have a holiday next week. I (not get up) at 6 o'clock as usual. - will not be getting up  - To make a guess about the present.
 III. You are so late! Everybody (work) when you arrive at the office. - will be working - An ongoing action that will be in process around a point of time in the future.
 IV. Be careful or the cars (knock) you down. - will knock - A decision at the moment of speaking. It implies intention alone, and this intention is usually, though not necessarily, unpremeditated.
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the correct alternative: 'The weather (to be) nice on Sunday.'
		
	 
	b) is going to be
	
	d) will have been
	 
	a) will be
	
	e) is being
	
	c) will be being
	
Explicação:
The weather will be nice on Sunday = A prediction based on opinion. It implies that the speaker thinks/believe that it will happen.
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the correct alternative: 'Look at the clouds - it (to rain) in a few minutes.'
		
	 
	b) is going to rain
	
	e) is to rain.
	
	a) will rain
	
	c) is raining
	
	d) will have rained
	
Explicação:
A prediction based on something we can see (or hear) now. There are signs that something will happen. - 'The clouds show that it is going to rain'.
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	According to the use of Futures tenses, choose the option which best suits the dialogue below. A: It's 6:00, and I have been working on my essay for over three hours. B: Do you think you (finish) _________ by 10:00? There's a party at Donna's tonight. A: I (complete, probably) _________ the essay by 10:00, but I (work) _________ on it for more than seven hours, and I don't think I am going to feel like going to a party.
		
	 
	will have finished - will probably complete-  will have been working.
	
	will have finished - will probably complete - will have working
	
	will have finish - will probably complete - will have been working
	
	will have finished - will probably complete -  will have being working 
	
	will have finished - will probably completed - will have been working
	
Explicação:
A: It's 6:00, and I have been working on my essay for over three hours.
B: Do you think you (finish) _________ by 10:00? There's a party at Donna's tonight. = will have finished - States that a future action will be completed before a point in time or before another action in the future;
A: I (complete, probably) _________ (will probably complete prediction in the future;) the essay by 10:00, but I (work) _________ (will have been working - With a time word, to talk about an action which starts before a time in the future and continues up to that time.) on it for more than seven hours, and I don't think I am going to feel like going to a party.
 
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the correct alternative: 'By the time you arrive, I (work) for two hours.'
		
	
	b) am going to work
	
	d) am to work
	
	c) will work
	 
	a) will have been working
	
	e) am about to work
	
Explicação:
Future Perfect Continuous = With a time word, to talk about an action which starts before a time in the future and continues up to that time.
By the time you arrive, I (work) for two hours.'
 
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Match
1. I think we will eat out tomorrow.
2. We are going to eat out tomorrow.
3. We are eating out tonight.
4. Our dinner starts at 20:00 tomorrow evening.
(     ) arrangement for the near future
(     ) unsure future prediction
(     ) preset future schedule
(     ) sure and intended future plans
		
	
	4-3-1-2
	
	3-2-4-1
	 
	3-1-4-2
	
	4-2-3-1
	
	1-2-4-3
	
Explicação:
 
1. I think we will eat out tomorrow evening [unsure future prediction, future with will]
2. We are going to eat out tomorrow evening. [sure and intended future plans, future with be going to]
3. We are eating out tonight. [arrangement for the near future, using the Present Progressive]
4. Our dinner at Chez Paul starts at 20:00 tomorrow evening, so be there on time! [preset future schedule, using the Present Simple]
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the correct alternative: 'Jack (is having / will have) a dinner party next Saturday.'
		
	
	b) will have had
	
	d) is to have
	
	e) none of the above
	 
	c) is having
	
	a) will have
	
Explicação:
'Next Saturday' shows the action has already been arranged.
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	Choose the most suitable verb form for the sentences: I. We (to have) dinner at a nice restaurant on Saturday. II. It (to snow) in the mountains tomorrow evening. III. On Sunday at 8 o'clock I (to meet) my friend. IV. I (to see) my sister in April.
		
	 
	a) are going to have - will snow - am meeting- am going to see
	
	d) are going to have - will snow - will meet - will see.
	
	b) will have - is going to snow - will meet - am going to see
	
	c) are going to have - is going to snow - will meet- am going to see
	
	e) will have - will snow - am meeting- will see
	
Explicação:
 
I. We (to have) dinner at a nice restaurant on Saturday. - are going to have - Future with 'going to' - Used for plans events and things you see are about to occur.
II. It (to snow) in the mountains tomorrow evening.  - will snow - Future simple (will) - Used for predictions, spontaneous reactions and promises.
III. On Sunday at 8 o'clock I (to meet) my friend. - am meeting - Present continuous for the future - Used for scheduled events in the future.
IV. I (to see) my sister in April.- am going to see - Future with 'going to' - Used for plans events and things you see are about to occur.
 
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which tense is often used together with the Future Perfect Tense.
		
	
	Past Perfect
	
	Simple Future
	 
	Simple Present
	
	Simple Past
	 
	Present Perfect
	
Explicação:
Example:
By the time you arrive (simple present) , I will have explained this verb tense.
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Mark the only sentence which has future meaning:
		
	
	She is taking her sons to the movies now.
	 
	Next Sunday, Carla is going to the movies with her sons again.
	
	Carla is going to the movies now.
	
	She is always going to the movies with her sons.
	
	They are going to the movies by car at the moment.
	
Explicação:
now , at the moment = present continuous
always = repeated action = present meaning.
Next Sunday, Carla is going to the movies with her sons again. = present continuous with a future meaning.
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	 Match
1. I think we will eat out tomorrow evening
2. We are going to eat out tomorrow evening.
3. We are eating out tonight
(     ) arrangement for the near future
(     ) unsure future prediction
(     ) sure and intended future plans
		
	
	e) 1-2-3
	
	d) 3-2-1
	
	a) 2-3-1
	 
	b) 3 -1-2
	 
	c) 2-1-3
	
Explicação:
 
 
I think we will eat out tomorrow evening = unsure future prediction
Future simple (will) - Used forpredictions, spontaneous reactions and promises
We are going to eat out tomorrow evening. =  arrangement for the near future
Future with 'going to' - Used for plans events and things you see are about to occur
We are eating out tonight = sure and intended future plans
Present continuous for the future - Used for scheduled events in the future
 
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that completes the sentences below:
 I. Oh no! I've broken the vase. What (I - to say)
 II. John hasn't eaten. - Don't worry I (to make) him a sandwich.
 III. Unless he arrives soon, we (to go) to the party.
		
	 
	d) will I say - will make - will not go
	
	b) am I going to say - am going to make - will not go
	
	c) will I say - I am going to make - will not go
	 
	e) will I say - will make - are not going
	
	a) am I going to say - will make - are not going
	
Explicação:
I. Oh no! I've broken the vase. What (I - to say) - will I say -  A decision at the moment of speaking. It implies intention alone, and this intention is usually, though not necessarily, unpremeditated.
 II. John hasn't eaten. - Don't worry I (to make) him a sandwich. - I will make -  A decision at the moment of speaking. It implies intention alone, and this intention is usually, though not necessarily, unpremeditated.
 III. Unless he arrives soon, we (to go) to the party. - we are not going to - Prediction based on present evidence.
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the option which shows the first sentence in the Future Simple and the second one in the Future Continuous.
		
	
	They won't change the telephone number. / I shall do it for you.
	
	He will change his job. / They'll probably study at university.
	 
	Can I walk you home? / I 'll be writing to you again.
	
	Will you not be speaking? / We are going to the cinema next weekend.
	 
	Everybody will be working on a computer sooner or later. / At 8 o'clock I will be travelling to Dorset.
	
Explicação:
Can I walk you home? - 'can' here expresses a future action.
l'll be writing to you again. - future continuous. 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	According to the use of Futures tenses, choose the option which best suits the dialogue below. A: Did you hear that Christine (take) _____ a vacation in South America this winter? B: I can't believe how often she goes abroad. Where exactly does she want to go? A: She (visit) _________ Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. B: At this rate, she (visit) __________ every country in the world by the time she's 50.
		
	
	is going to take - is going to visited - will have visited
	
	is going to take - is going to visited - will have visit
	
	is going to taken - is going to visited - will have visit
	
	is going to taken - is going to visit - will had visited
	 
	is going to take - is going to visit - will have visited
	
Explicação:
A: Did you hear that Christine (take) _____ a vacation in South America this winter? = is going to take = Future with 'going to' - Used for plans events and things you see are about to occur
B: I can't believe how often she goes abroad. Where exactly does she want to go?
A: She (visit) _________ Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. = is going to visit = Future with 'going to' - Used for plans events and things you see are about to occur
B: At this rate, she (visit) __________ every country in the world by the time she's 50. = will have visited. = States that a future action will be completed before a point in time or before another action in the future.
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the most suitable verb form for the sentences:
 I. They (to fly) to London on Friday evening.
II. Wait! I (to drive) you to the station.
III. Listen! There's someone at the door. I (to open) the door for you.
		
	
	d) are flying - will drive - am going to open
	
	a) are going to fly - am going to drive - am going to open
	
	e) will fly - will drive - will open
	
	b) are flying - am going to drive - will open
	 
	c) are flying - will drive - will open
	
Explicação:
They (to fly) to London on Friday evening. = They are flying = Present continuous for the future - Used for scheduled events in the future.
 Wait! I (to drive) you to the station. = I will drive = Someone is calling the attention. 
Listen! There's someone at the door. I (to open) the door for you. = I will open. = Someone is calling the attention. 
AULA 07
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	Choose the option which shows a second conditional statement.
		
	 
	If I went to London, I would visit the British Museum.
	
	Unless the directors can increase sales, we'll have to close this shop.
	
	If you had visited Scotland, you could have visited Edinburgh Castle.
	
	We wouldn't have finished in time unless everyone had worked fast
	
	If I sleep well at night, I feel much happier next morning.
	
Explicação:
Second Conditional:
2. If + Past Tense                      would + inf
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Complete with the proper form of the verb: 'John insists that Sarah (invite) to the wedding; otherwise he will not attend.'
		
	
	d) is invited
	
	e) will invite
	
	a) invites
	 
	b) be invited
	 
	c) invite
	
Explicação:
In grammar, the subjunctive mood (abbreviated sjv or sbjv) is a verb mood typically used in subordinate clauses to express various states of unreality such as wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, necessity, or action that has not yet occurred.
SUBJECT + INSIST THAT + OBJECT + VERB IN THE SUBJUNCTIVE.
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the correct subjunctive verb form to complete the following sentence: 'If he (to be) in better shape, he would be a great addition to our rugby team.'
		
	
	d) would have been
	 
	b) were
	
	e) is
	
	c) had been
	
	a) was
	
Explicação:
In grammar, the subjunctive mood (abbreviated sjv or sbjv) is a verb mood typically used in subordinate clauses to express various states of unreality such as wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, necessity, or action that has not yet occurred.
 
A form of the subjunctive, called the future subjunctive, is used in if clauses of doubtful possibility with future reference; regardless of person and number, it uses the form "if I were to go".
Example,:"If I were to die tomorrow, what would you say to me today?"-Rest in peace!
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	It is crucial that the manager ........ without any delay after such an embarrassing transaction.
		
	
	will resign
	
	resigned
	 
	resign
	
	resigns
	
	is resigning
	
Explicação:
IT IS CRUCIAL + VERB IN THE SUBJUNCTIVE (INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO)
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Complete with the proper form of the verb: 'It's vital that the United States (focus) on improving its public education system. What we do now will affect our country for generations to come.'
		
	 
	c) focus
	
	b) will focus
	
	a) would focus
	
	d) be focused
	
	e) had focused
	
Explicação:
In grammar, the subjunctive mood (abbreviated sjv or sbjv) is a verb mood typically used in subordinate clauses to express various states of unreality such as wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, necessity, or action that has not yet occurred.
IT IS VITAL THAT + SUBJUNCTIVE.
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	If or unless?
I.  ___ he gets caught, he'll make a fortune.
II. ___ he gets caught, he'll go to jail.
III. I won't do it ____ you agree to help me;
IV. I'm not doing it alone. ___ she pays up, we're going to be in real trouble.
V. ____ we get the cheque today, we must bank it.
		
	
	e) if - if - unless - if - if
	 
	b) unless - if - unless - unless - if
	
	a) if- if - unless - unless - if
	
	c) unless - unless - unless - unless - if
	
	d) unless - if - unless - unless - unless
	
Explicação:
 'Unless' means the same as 'if not'.
Unless he asks you politely, refuse to do any more work on the project.
Unless prices are rising, it's not a good investment.
Unless you've been there yourself, you don't really understand how fantastic it is.
	
	 7a QuestãoChoose the most suitable verb form for the sentence: 'I (do) a course in jazz dancing if I (have) time.'
		
	
	a) will do - would have
	 
	c) would do - had
	
	d) will do - had
	
	b) will do - had had
	
	e) would do - had had
	
Explicação:
Second Conditional:
2. If + Past Tense                      would + inf
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Mark the right option according to the second conditional statements.
		
	
	It is usually used to express a past regret about something which did not happen in the past.
	
	It is used to talk about two future actions with good possibility of achievement.
	
	It is used to expresse the idea that something was an old habit that stopped in the past.
	 
	It is used to talk about what you would generally do in imaginary situations.
	 
	It is used when we are talking about the past and imagining something different from what actually happened.
	
Explicação:
Conditional Type 2.
It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)
Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	Complete with the proper form of the verb: 'It's a little difficult to find the restaurant. I propose that we all (drive) together so that nobody gets lost along the way.'
		
	
	b) will drive
	
	c) had driven
	
	d) be driven
	
	a) would drive
	 
	e) drive
	
Explicação:
In grammar, the subjunctive mood (abbreviated sjv or sbjv) is a verb mood typically used in subordinate clauses to express various states of unreality such as wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, necessity, or action that has not yet occurred.
I propose that  + SUBJUNCTIVE.
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Complete with the proper form of the verb: 'It is necessary that a life guard (monitor) the summing pool while the children are taking their swimming lessons.'
		
	
	b) will monitor
	
	e) had monitored
	 
	c) monitor
	
	a) monitors
	
	d) would monitor
	
Explicação:
In grammar, the subjunctive mood (abbreviated sjv or sbjv) is a verb mood typically used in subordinate clauses to express various states of unreality such as wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, necessity, or action that has not yet occurred.
IT IS NECESSARY + SUBJUNCTIVE.
	
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the correct subjunctive verb form to complete the following sentence.'It is critical that every potential donor (give) blood during this shortage.'
		
	
	e) had given
	 
	c) give
	
	a) will give
	
	b) gives
	
	d) would give
	
Explicação:
In grammar, the subjunctive mood (abbreviated sjv or sbjv) is a verb mood typically used in subordinate clauses to express various states of unreality such as wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, necessity, or action that has not yet occurred.
IT IS CRITICAL THAT + SUBJUNCTIVE.
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the most suitable verb form for the sentence: 'After a night out last weekend, I drove home. I hadn't drunk any alcohol. If I (drink) alcohol, I (not- drive).'
		
	
	c) drank - would not have driven
	
	d) had drunk - would not drive
	 
	a) had drunk - would not have driven
	
	e) had drunk - will not drive
	
	b) drink - would not have driven
	
Explicação:
Conditional Type 3.
If + Past Perfect Tense         would have + past participle
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the most suitable verb form for the sentence: 'Do you like jazz music? Because if you (like)jazz, you (love) New Orleans.'
		
	 
	a) like - will love
	
	d) like - would love
	
	e) had liked - would love
	
	b) liked - will love
	
	c) will like - will love
	
Explicação:
First Conditional:
1. If + Present Tense                 will + inf / present tense / imperative
a. If you help me with the dishes (if + pres),
I will help you with your homework. (will + inf)
b. If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by three,
the number is divisible by three (Pres. tense)
c. If you see Mr Fox tonight, tell him I am ill. (imperative).
	d. 
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the correct subjunctive verb form to complete the following sentence: 'The executive board of the rugby team required that each member (pay) twenty-five dollar dues.'
		
	
	a) paied
	
	c) would paied
	
	b) had paied
	
	e) pays
	 
	d) pay
	
Explicação:
In grammar, the subjunctive mood (abbreviated sjv or sbjv) is a verb mood typically used in subordinate clauses to express various states of unreality such as wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, necessity, or action that has not yet occurred.
TO REQUIRE THAT = SUBJUNCTIVE. 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Match:
1. Conditional clause type I (predictive conditional)
2. Conditional clause type II (hypothetical condition)
3. Conditional clause type III (counterfactual conditional)
(     ) If Judita had worked this hard in all her courses, she would not have failed this semester.
(     ) If Judita worked this hard in all her courses, she would get on the Dean's List.
(     ) If Judita hands in her paper early tomorrow, she'll probably get an A.
		
	
	b) 1-2-3
	
	e) 3-1-2
	
	c) 1-3-2
	 
	a) 3-2-1
	
	d) 2-3-1
	
Explicação:
1. If + Present Tense                 will + inf / present tense / imperative
a. If you help me with the dishes (if + pres),
I will help you with your homework. (will + inf)
b. If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by three,
the number is divisible by three (Pres. tense)
c. If you see Mr Fox tonight, tell him I am ill. (imperative).
2. If + Past Tense                      would + inf
3. If + Past Perfect Tense          would have + past participle
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the option which shows a first conditional statement.
		
	 
	We won't finish in time unless everyone works fast.
	
	Unless the directors increased sales, we'd have to close this shop.
	
	Unless we'd been very confident of success, we wouldn't have even tried.
	
	You'd have got fatter if you'd eaten too much.
	
	If you ate too much, you'd (you would) get fatter.
	
Explicação:
1. If + Present Tense                 will + inf / present tense / imperative
a. If you help me with the dishes (if + pres),
I will help you with your homework. (will + inf)
b. If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by three,
the number is divisible by three (Pres. tense)
c. If you see Mr Fox tonight, tell him I am ill. (imperative).
	
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which of the Past Tense is used in the construction of the Third Conditional?
		
	
	Past Perfect Continuous
	 
	Past Perfect
	
	Present Perfect
	
	Past continuous
	
	Simple Past
	
Explicação:
The conditional Type III - Counterfactual Condition is formed by:
If clause = If + subject + Past Perfect
Independent clause = subject + modal + have+ past participle.
If Judita had worked this hard in all her courses, she would not have failed this semester.
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the option which shows a third conditional statement.
		
	 
	If everyone had worked fast, we'd have finished in time.
	
	You'd get fatter if you ate too much.
	
	If the temperature falls below zero, it freezes.
	
	I would be happy if I married Mary.
	
	If I sleep well at night, I feel much happier next morning.
	
Explicação:
3. If + Past Perfect Tense         would have + past participle
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the most suitable verb form for the sentence: 'I (do) a course in jazz dancing if I (have) time.'
		
	 
	c) would do - had
	
	d) will do - had
	
	a) will do - would have
	
	b) will do - had had
	
	e) would do - had had
	
Explicação:
Second Conditional:
2. If + Past Tense                      would + inf
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Complete with the proper form of the verb: 'It's vital that the United States (focus) on improving its public education system. What we do now will affect our country for generations to come.'
		
	
	a) would focus
	
	d) be focused
	
	e) had focusedc) focus
	
	b) will focus
	
Explicação:
In grammar, the subjunctive mood (abbreviated sjv or sbjv) is a verb mood typically used in subordinate clauses to express various states of unreality such as wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, necessity, or action that has not yet occurred.
IT IS VITAL THAT + SUBJUNCTIVE.
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Complete with the proper form of the verb: 'John insists that Sarah (invite) to the wedding; otherwise he will not attend.'
		
	 
	b) be invited
	
	e) will invite
	
	c) invite
	
	d) is invited
	
	a) invites
	
Explicação:
In grammar, the subjunctive mood (abbreviated sjv or sbjv) is a verb mood typically used in subordinate clauses to express various states of unreality such as wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, necessity, or action that has not yet occurred.
SUBJECT + INSIST THAT + OBJECT + VERB IN THE SUBJUNCTIVE.
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Mark the right option according to the second conditional statements.
		
	
	It is used when we are talking about the past and imagining something different from what actually happened.
	 
	It is used to talk about what you would generally do in imaginary situations.
	
	It is used to talk about two future actions with good possibility of achievement.
	
	It is usually used to express a past regret about something which did not happen in the past.
	
	It is used to expresse the idea that something was an old habit that stopped in the past.
	
Explicação:
Conditional Type 2.
It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)
Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the option which shows a second conditional statement.
		
	 
	If I went to London, I would visit the British Museum.
	
	If you had visited Scotland, you could have visited Edinburgh Castle.
	
	If I sleep well at night, I feel much happier next morning.
	
	We wouldn't have finished in time unless everyone had worked fast
	
	Unless the directors can increase sales, we'll have to close this shop.
	
Explicação:
Second Conditional:
2. If + Past Tense                      would + inf
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	If or unless?
I.  ___ he gets caught, he'll make a fortune.
II. ___ he gets caught, he'll go to jail.
III. I won't do it ____ you agree to help me;
IV. I'm not doing it alone. ___ she pays up, we're going to be in real trouble.
V. ____ we get the cheque today, we must bank it.
		
	 
	b) unless - if - unless - unless - if
	
	a) if- if - unless - unless - if
	
	d) unless - if - unless - unless - unless
	
	e) if - if - unless - if - if
	
	c) unless - unless - unless - unless - if
	
Explicação:
 'Unless' means the same as 'if not'.
Unless he asks you politely, refuse to do any more work on the project.
Unless prices are rising, it's not a good investment.
Unless you've been there yourself, you don't really understand how fantastic it is.
	
AULA 08
	
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that completes the sentence: 'We had our landlord ___ the broken window.'
		
	
	a) fixing
	 
	d) fix
	
	c) to fix
	
	e) fixed
	
	b) having fixed
	
Explicação:
Active Causative:
to have + someone + infinitive (without to) 
 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that completes the sentence: 'My mom always makes me __ my room on Saturday mornings.'
		
	
	b) to clean up
	
	d) cleaned up
	 
	e) clean up
	
	a) having cleaned up
	
	c) cleaning up
	
Explicação:
	Verb
	Meaning
	Form of Action Verb
	Examples
	make
	force, compel
	plain form
	The robbers made us lie on the floor.
[No passive form]
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Read the following definition and see which concept suits it: "This verb has very little meaning in itself and is used with an object that carries the main meaning.
		
	
	modal verbs
	
	auxiliary verbs
	 
	delexical verbs
	
	lexical verbs
	
	main verbs
	
Explicação:
Delexical verb is a verb which has very little meaning in itself and is used with an object that carries the main meaning of the structure.
Delexical verbs are, in fact, not delexical unless they form a multi-word unit, i.e. a delexical structure. For example: to have a cold shower is a delexical structure and have in this structure is a delexical verb. The simplified pattern of this structure may be demonstrated as:
DELEXICAL VERB + (indefinite article, modifier) + NOUN
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Lay or lie?
I. Mexico ____ to the south of the United States.
II. Bobby: "Where is my dictionary?" Cindy: "I ____ it on the desk over there."
 III. My mother ___ my baby brother in his crib carefully. She didn't want to wake him up. IV. Grandma _______ her spoon next to the stove.
		
	
	c) lies - laid - lay - lies
	
	b) lies - lay - laid - lays
	 
	d) lies - laid - laid - lays
	
	a) lays - laid - laid - lays
	
	e) lays - laid - lied - lies
	
Explicação:
LAY and LIE
Lay is an irregular transitive verb (lay / laid / laid - laying). It needs a direct object. It means to put something or someone down (often in a horizontal position).
"Lay your head on the pillow."
Lie is an irregular intransitive verb (lie / lay / lain - lying). It does not take a direct object. It means to rest in a horizontal position1 or to be located somewhere2.
"If you are tired lie here and have a rest."1
"Nottingham lies in the Midlands."2
Note:Lie also means to say something that isn't true but it takes the following form (lie / lied / lied - lying).
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that completes the sentence: 'She had her hair ___ at QuickCuts for only $25.'
		
	
	b) to cut
	 
	c) cut
	
	a) cutting
	
	e) being cut
	
	d) cutted
	
Explicação:
Passive structure:
to have + something (or someone) + past participle.
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that completes the sentence: 'Instead of buying a new bicycle, why don't you have your old one ___?'
		
	
	a) to fix
	
	b) fixing
	
	d) fixes
	 
	c) fixed
	
	e) having fixed
	
Explicação:
Passive structure:
to have + object + past participle.
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Mark the option which does not present a delexical verb.
		
	
	take a chance
	
	make a suggestion
	
	have a bath
	
	give a grin
	 
	go to school
	
Explicação:
Delexical verb is a verb which has very little meaning in itself and is used with an object that carries the main meaning of the structure.
Delexical verbs are, in fact, not delexical unless they form a multi-word unit, i.e. a delexical structure. For example: to have a cold shower is a delexical structure and have in this structure is a delexical verb. The simplified pattern of this structure may be demonstrated as:
DELEXICAL VERB + (indefinite article, modifier) + NOUN
GO to school - it is not delexical, because the verb has a full meaning.
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Mark the option in which we do not have the causative form of verbs:
		
	 
	the car was vandalized
	
	having a tooth repaired
	
	to have the house burgled
	
	got her hair cut
	
	had my car fixed
	
Explicação:
Causative form:
to have (or to get) + something (or someone) + past participle.
The car was vandalized = passive voice, not a causative form.
	
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	See, watch or look? I. I want to learn how to make fanesca. Can I ___ you make it? II. Don't ___ me! My hair's a mess! III. I have this feeling someone is ___ me. It is really creepy.
		
	
	e) see - see - watching
	
	c) watch - see - watching
	
	b) see - see - seeing
	
	a) watch - see - seeing
	 
	d) watch - look at - watching
	
Explicação:
TO LOOK(parecer, aparentar, olhar)
(parecer) But eventually I started to look human again.
(aparentar) A London-based minister should not be able to throw him out of the country just to look tough.
(olhar) And we want to look at these three first.
TO WATCH  (espiar, fiscalizar, olhar, vigiar, assistir a)(espiar) Watch him while I am out.
(fiscalizar) The supervisor is here to watch your job.
(olhar) And you have to watch and take care of each other.
(olhar) Mr. President, I hope that you will not need to watch the clock while I am speaking.
(vigiar) We in Parliament have to watch over those scales and ensure that they do not tip at the expense of openness.
(assistir a) To watch a demo of how your Arc Touch Mouse works,
Over the Christmas holiday there will be millions of European citizens going out to watch football.
TO SEE(atender, preocular-se, ver, enxergar, presenciar)
(atender) I am seeing for your request now
(preocupar-se) Once again, it has to be said that the Commission appears to be in more of a hurry to see the principles of free competition applied than...
(ver) I want to see the girls chasing after him.
(ver) " If you can, what d' you want to see? "
(enxergar) I can¿t see from so far away.
(presenciar) Sejamos mais categóricos, queremos presenciar um êxito.
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that completes the sentence: 'I ________ a couple of days ago.'
		
	
	b) had my bike fix
	
	a) had my bike to be fixed
	
	e) got my bike to be fixed
	
	d) got my bike fix
	 
	c) had my bike fixed
	
Explicação:
Pattern: to have + someone (or something) + past participle.
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Match the verb with their proper correlates:
1. have
2. take
3. give
(    ) a kick, a punch, a slap
(    ) a meal; breakfast, lunch
(    ) a cry, a laugh, a scream
(   ) argument, dispute
(    ) care, care of, a chance
		
	 
	3-1-3-1-2
	
	2-2-3-1-2
	
	1-2-3-3-1
	
	3-1-3-2-2
	
	3-2-1-2-1
	
Explicação:
HAVE
Food and drink: a meal; breakfast, lunch, dinner, a snack, a cup of tea
Talking: a chat, a conversation, a discussion, a talk,
Washing: a bath, a shower, a wash, a scrub
Resting: a break, a holiday, a rest
Disagreeing: argument, dispute, fight, quarrel
I had a good breakfast before I left home.
We had a long talk about the problem.
 
TAKE
Washing: a bath, a shower, a wash
Resting: a break, a holiday, a rest
I always take a cold shower in the morning
You look tired. You need to take a break.
¿ and with these words: care, care of, a chance, a risk, a decision, a photograph, trouble, a turn, turns
We took hundreds of photographs on holiday.
Jane always takes a lot of trouble with her homework.
 
GIVE
Noises: a cry, a laugh, a scream, a shout, a whistle
Facial expressions: a smile, a grin, a look, a glance
Hitting: a kick, a punch, a slap, a push, a knock, a blow
Affectionate actions: a hug, a kiss, a stroke,
Talking: advice, an answer, information, an interview, a lecture, some news, a report, a speech, a talk, a warning.
She gave the children a goodnight kiss and put them to bed.
I have to give a speech at the meeting tomorrow.
 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Hear or listen to? I. That's good to _____. II. _____! There's someone at the door. III. Can't you _____ the baby crying?
		
	 
	c) hear - listen - hear
	
	a) listen - hear - listen
	
	d) listen - hear - hear
	
	e) hear - hear - listen
	
	b) hear - hear - hear
	
Explicação:
HEAR and LISTEN
To hear (ouvir) is a verb that means to receive or become aware of a sound using your ears, so you don't have to make an effort in order to just hear something.
She heard a noise outside.
To listen (escutar)is a verb that means to give attention to someone or something in order to hear them, so you make an effort in order to hear something properly.
She listened to the noise and realized it was only a cat.
Note! In some circumstances we use hear when we listen to someone or something attentively or officially.
I heard a really interesting speech on the radio this morning.
These people need to be heard.
Other examples:
Check, check. Can you hear me?
Listen carefully to what I¿m about to say.
I can hear perfectly well.
At first I enjoyed listening to him but after a while I got tired of hearing the same story again and again.
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Read the definition and mark the option which fits it: this verb has very little meaning in itself and is used with an object that carries the main meaning
		
	
	lexical verbs
	
	main verbs
	 
	delexical verbs
	
	auxiliary verbs
	
	modal verbs
	
Explicação:
Delexical verb is a verb which has very little meaning in itself and is used with an object that carries the main meaning of the structure.
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Raise or rise?
 I. The sun rises in the east.
II. The chairman always rises to the occasion.
 III. I will rise tomorrow morning at 6 a.m. to walk the dog.
IV. Lynne raised her hand.
		
	 
	a) rises - rises - rise - raised
	
	c) rises - raises - rise - raised
	
	e) raises - rises - raise - rose
	
	b) raises - rises - rise - rose
	
	d) rises - rises - raise - raised
	
Explicação:
RAISE and RISE      
When used as a verb they both have the same general meaning of "to move upwards", the main difference is that rise is an intransitive verb (it does not take an object), while raise is a transitive verb (it requires an object):
RISE(v) Something rises by itself
The sun rises in the east.
The chairman always rises to the occasion.
I will rise tomorrow morning at 6 a.m. to walk the dog.
Rise is an irregular verb: rise / rose / risen
RAISE(v) Something else is needed to raise something.
Lynne raised her hand.
They can't raise the Titanic.
Raise is a regular verb: raise / raised / raised
As a noun rise describes an upward movement.
There was a steep rise in drug-related crimes.
 
As a noun raise describes an increase in salary.
When people ask for a raise, they often go about it in an entirely wrong way.
 
Note - you can raise children, which means to look after them as they grow up.
Note - sometimes people ask for a pay rise.
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the correct alternative: 'The movie ________ sad.'
		
	
	d) made him feeling
	 
	b) made him feel
	
	e) made him felt
	
	a) made to feel
	
	c) made him to feel
	
Explicação:
The structure is:
to make + someone+ infinitive (without to)
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that completes the sentence: Does your tooth still hurt? Yes, I have to get a dentist ________ soon.
		
	
	d) to looked at it
	 
	b) to look at it
	
	a) look at it
	
	e) to make to looked
	
	c) to get it looked at
	
Explicação:
GET = Convince/Encourage Someone To Do Something
Grammatical structure:
GET + PERSON + TO + VERB
Examples:
How can we get all the employees to arrive on time?
My husband hates housework; I can never get him to wash the dishes!
I was nervous about eating sushi, but my brother got me to try it at a Japanese restaurant.
The non-profit got a professional photographer to take photos at the event for free.
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that completes the sentences below: I. I ________my books down just as the telephone rang. II. Can you speak a little louder? I can't ________ you. III. Tania can't________blood or she faints. IV. Julie ________ that she would join us after work.
		
	
	a) laid - listen to - see - told
	 
	d) laid - hear - see -said
	
	e)lay - hear - see -said
	
	c) lay - hear - watch -said
	 
	b) laid - listen to - see -said
	
Explicação:
Lay is an irregular transitive verb (lay / laid / laid - laying). It needs a direct object. It means to put something or someone down (often in a horizontal position). "Lay your head on the pillow."
To hear (ouvir) is a verb that means to receive or become aware of a sound using your ears, so you don't have to make an effort in order to just hear something. "She heard a noise outside."
TO SEE(atender, preocular-se, ver, enxergar, presenciar)
(atender) I am seeing for your request now
(preocupar-se) Once again, it has to be said that the Commission appears to be in more of a hurry to see the principles of free competition applied than...
(ver) I want to see the girls chasing after him.
(ver) " If you can, what d' you want to see? "
(enxergar) I can¿t see from so faraway.
(presenciar) Sejamos mais categóricos, queremos presenciar um êxito.
SAY(dizer) is used with direct and indirect speech.  "She said that it was my last chance. " He said, G∞dmorn∈g.¿
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that completes the sentence:'He ________ yesterday.'
		
	
	a) had his hair being cut
	 
	d) had his hair cut
	
	e) had his hair cutting
	
	c) had hair to be cut
	
	b) had his hair to be cut
	
Explicação:
Passive structure:
to have + object + past participle.
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Say, tell, speak or talk? I. To _____you the truth, I don't remember anything. II. Did the director _____ at the conference? III. Do you know how to _____ good-bye in Arabic? IV. We spent the whole evening _____about old friends.
		
	 
	b) tell - speak - say - talking
	
	c) say - speak - say - telling
	
	e) tell -speak - tell - talking
	
	a) say - speak - tell - talking
	
	d) tell - tell - say - talking
	
Explicação:
SAY, TELL, SPEAK AND TALK
SAY(dizer) is used with direct and indirect speech.
She said that it was my last chance.
He said, G∞dmorn∈g.¿
TELL(contar, dizer, mandar  referir, relatar)
(contar) Now, what was it you wanted to tell me about?
(contar, narrar) So I'm going to tell you a little story.
(dizer) Has anyone in your life been able to tell?
(mandar) I told you to open the window.
(falar) I'm going to tell you about that technology.
(referir)I have already had occasion in this House to tell you that I was in favour of this.
(relatar) Given this context, I would like to tell you about something that happened a few days ago.
TALK(conversar, falar) is the more usual word to refer to conversational exchanges and informal communication.
When she walked into the room everybody stopped talking.
I want to talk today only about autonomy.
SPEAK (falar)is often used for one-way communication and for exchanges in more serious or formal situations.
I¿ll have to speak to that boy -- he¿s getting very lazy.
Speak is the usual word to refer to knowledge and use of languages.
After she had finished reading the letter, nobody spoke.
She speaks three languages fluently.
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that completes the sentence: 'We had our landlord ___ the broken window.'
		
	
	c) to fix
	
	b) having fixed
	 
	d) fix
	
	e) fixed
	
	a) fixing
	
Explicação:
Active Causative:
to have + someone + infinitive (without to) 
 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that completes the sentence: 'My mom always makes me __ my room on Saturday mornings.'
		
	
	d) cleaned up
	
	c) cleaning up
	 
	e) clean up
	
	a) having cleaned up
	
	b) to clean up
	
Explicação:
	Verb
	Meaning
	Form of Action Verb
	Examples
	make
	force, compel
	plain form
	The robbers made us lie on the floor.
[No passive form]
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that completes the sentence: 'She had her hair ___ at QuickCuts for only $25.'
		
	
	b) to cut
	
	e) being cut
	 
	c) cut
	
	d) cutted
	
	a) cutting
	
Explicação:
Passive structure:
to have + something (or someone) + past participle.
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that completes the sentence: 'Instead of buying a new bicycle, why don't you have your old one ___?'
		
	
	a) to fix
	
	d) fixes
	
	b) fixing
	 
	c) fixed
	
	e) having fixed
	
Explicação:
Passive structure:
to have + object + past participle.
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Mark the option which does not present a delexical verb.
		
	
	give a grin
	
	make a suggestion
	
	have a bath
	
	take a chance
	 
	go to school
	
Explicação:
Delexical verb is a verb which has very little meaning in itself and is used with an object that carries the main meaning of the structure.
Delexical verbs are, in fact, not delexical unless they form a multi-word unit, i.e. a delexical structure. For example: to have a cold shower is a delexical structure and have in this structure is a delexical verb. The simplified pattern of this structure may be demonstrated as:
DELEXICAL VERB + (indefinite article, modifier) + NOUN
GO to school - it is not delexical, because the verb has a full meaning.
AULA 09
	
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Complete the text with a proper verb tense (present, past or future)
Most men and women pass through life without ever considering or criticizing either their own conditions or those of the world at large. They find themselves born into a certain place in society, and they accept what each day (to bring), without any thought beyond what the immediate present requires.
(Adapted from Proposed Roads To Freedom by Bertrand Russell)
		
	
	d)Had been bringing
	
	b)Has brought
	
	a)Had brought
	
	c)Brought
	 
	e)Brings
	
Explicação:
BRINGS - the story is told in the simple present. Literary works, paintings, films, and other artistic creations are assumed to exist in an eternal present.
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the correct verb tense and form to complete the following text:
"Dear Diary, Today is Thursday. I (TO SIT) at my desk trying to concentrate on my writing. Worrying about my application (TO MAKE) me crazy. I must think about something else. What's that? The doorbell (JUST - TO RING). Maybe it's the mailman"
		
	
	d) sit - makes - just rang
	
	e) sit - will make - just rang
	
	a) am sitting - had made - just rang
	 
	c) am sitting - will make - has just rung
	
	b) sit - made - just rang
	
Explicação:
Dear Diary, Today is Thursday. I (TO SIT) at my desk trying to concentrate on my writing. Worrying about my application (TO MAKE) me crazy. I must think about something else. What's that? The doorbell (JUST - TO RING). Maybe it's the mailman.
I am sitting = Present continuous. Use this, not the present tense, to describe an action going on right now.
will make = Future. This describes something that has not happened yet but will happen at some point.
has just rung = Present perfect. This implies that the action happened in the very recent past ¿ here, a few seconds ago. The key word is ¿just,¿ which means that the action was recent.
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	The PAST TENSE is mostly used:
		
	
	a) When commenting on what a writer says.
	 
	b) When describing an author¿s work.
	
	e) When discussing historical events, and you should use the literary present when discussing fictional events.
	 
	d) When discussing events in a book or story, unless there is a shift in the time frame within the world of the text.
	
	c) When you're describing plans
	
Explicação:
When describing an author¿s work use the PAST TENSE.
When you are writing about a certain historical event (even the creation of a literary or artistic work), use the PAST TENSE.
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	'I take up my pen in the year of grace 17-, and go back to the time when my father kept the 'Admiral Benbow' inn, and the brown old seaman, with the saber cut, first took up his lodging under our roof.' (Jim Hawkins in Treasure Island, by Robert Louis Stevenson)
 In the above excerpt the narrator is:
		
	
	d) third person limited
	
	c) third person omniscient
	
	a) second person
	 
	b)first person
	
	e)none of the above
	
Explicação:
A FIRST PERSON narrator is an "I" (occasionally a "we") who speaks from her/his subject position. That narrator is usually a character in the story, who interacts with other characters; we see those interactions through the narrator's eyes, and we can't know anything the narrator doesn't know.
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the WRONG alternative:
		
	 
	e) You should use the PRESENT TENSE when discussing historical events, and you should use the literary present when discussing fictional events.
	
	c) When you are writing about a certain historical event (even the creation of a literary or artistic work), use the PAST TENSE.
	
	a) When commenting on what a writer says, use the PRESENT TENSE.
	
	b) When describing an author's work, however, use the PAST TENSE.
	
	d) Whendiscussing events in a book or story, always use the PRESENT TENSE, unless there is a shift in the time frame within the world of the text.
	
Explicação:
You should use the past tense when discussing historical events, and you should use the literary present when discussing fictional events.
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	According to the clues learned for a better writing, what would be the best example of a well written sentence?
		
	
	e) The standards are set out in Virginia law.
	
	b) The rocket was fired by Jack.
	
	d) He did not remember to feed the dog.
	 
	c) She failed the music exam.
	
	a) The jar was broken by Kim.
	
Explicação:
The jar was broken by Kim.
The rocket was fired by Jack. 
Sentences in the passive voice. You'd better use the active voice.
The standards are set out in Virginia law. - avoid "is" verbs.
He did not remember to feed the dog. - use the affirmative sentence - He forgot to feed the dog.
 
 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	One of the clues for a better writing is to keep the subject and the verb close together at the very beginning of your sentences. Which sentence DOES NOT follow this rule?
		
	 
	e) Pollution, as far as it may be concerned, provide, sadly to say, greater opportunities for employment¿ as the rest of the sentence.
	
	b) Billions of people lack adequate sanitation.
	
	c) Most industrialised countries are welfare states.
	
	a) Environmental costs will be born by future generations.
	
	d) The level of government support varies according to a person¿s current circumstances.
	
Explicação:
Pollution, as far as it may be concerned, provide, sadly to say, greater opportunities for employment¿ as the rest of the sentence.
Pollution = subject
provide = verb
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the RIGHT alternative about the parts of a story
		
	
	b) The setting is the time in which the writer tells the story in the order in which it occurred.
	 
	c) The plot is a person, animal or imaginary creature in your story.
	
	d) The chronological time tells the actions and events that take place in your story.
	
	a) The character is where your story takes place.
	 
	e) The flashbacks time tells the story in the present day (for example) and the underlying story or plot itself will unfold through the use of flashbacks.
	
Explicação:
CHARACTER: A person, animal or imaginary creature in your story. There are usually one or two main characters. There can be many secondary characters too. Make your characters interesting so that they hold your reader's interest.
SETTING: This is where your story takes place. The setting is a time - the future, the past, or now. The setting is also the place - on the moon, in Chicago, at the Whitehouse. The setting is an important part of your story.
PLOT:  The plot of your story tells the actions and events that take place in your story. Your plot should have a beginning, a middle and an end. The plot tells the events of your story in a logical order.
TIME
CHRONOLOGICAL -The chronological time remains the most common way to develop a story. Moreover, most authors and writing experts agree that it is the easiest plot device to utilize.  The chronological plot is one in which the writer tells the story in the ¿order in which it occurred.¿ In other words, the writer lays out the story itself in chronological fashion, from start to finish.  Once again, the use of a chronological plot is a very simply way to tell a story; however, you can present a very complicated story (or novel) through the use of a chronological plot.
FLASHBACKS - Another manner in which you can structure a plot is through the use of flashbacks. In other words, the narrator of the story will be speaking in the present day (for example) and the underlying story or plot itself will unfold through the use of flashbacks. The flashbacks themselves do not have to be in any particular order per se. Rather, the flashbacks can be used to develop the tension and drama of the story itself as desired and as necessary to make for the most interesting and entertaining tale.
NARRATOR: or WHO ARE YOU? AND WHY ARE YOU TELLING ME THIS?
A crucial element of any work of fiction is the NARRATOR, the person who is telling the story (note that this isn't the same as the AUTHOR, the person who actually wrote the story).
	
	 1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	This unit shows you five rules to be followed when choosing a verb in order to write well. Which of the following ones is INCORRECT?
		
	
	e) Keep the subject and the verb close together at the very beginning of your sentences
	
	c) Avoid "is" verbs
	 
	a) Use expanded forms, not root verbs.
	
	b) Use active verbs, not passive verbs
	
	d) Use strong and vigorous verbs
	
Explicação:
Use Root Verbs, Not Expanded Forms
When we talk in everyday conversation, we use a word like "decide."
We say: "Have you decided what movie to see?"
But too often writers expand the verb.
You might write: "Have you reached a decision as to which movie to see?"
Like most other lawyer habits, this is a bad one. Try to shorten your verb forms. Using the root verb "decide" rather than the expanded form of "reach a decision" makes your writing clearer because it reduces the number of words while conveying the identical meaning.
 
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	One of the clues for a better writing is to use root verbs, not expanded form. Which sentence DOES NOT follow this rule?
		
	 
	a) Have you reached a decision as to which movie to see?
	
	e) They have imposed a requirement of a new deadline.
	
	d) They have made a determination of not postponing the meeting.
	 
	b) Have you decided what movie to see?
	
	c) They are holding a meeting tomorrow morning.
	
Explicação:
Reach a decision = to decide
Hold a meeting = to meet
Make a determination = to determine
Impose a requirement = to require.
 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which one of the following elements is most important when you¿re writing your first draft?
		
	
	none of the above
	
	Checking the punctuation in each sentence
	 
	Getting your ideas down on paper
	
	Making sure your spelling is correct
	
	Writing grammatically correct sentences
	
Explicação:
It is important to write down the ideas to, after that, organize them. It is not important to worry about punctuation, spelling and grammat at this moment. 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Orhan told me that he .......... Necla since two days ago.
		
	
	would not see
	
	were not seeing
	
	did not see
	 
	has not seen
	 
	had not seen
	
Explicação:
Orhan told me that he .......... Necla since two days ago. - HAD NOT SEEN - past perfect. (this action happened before the first one  mentioned - told me). 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the RIGHT alternative about the parts of a story
		
	 
	e) The flashbacks time tells the story in the present day (for example) and the underlying story or plot itself will unfold through the use of flashbacks.
	
	d) The chronological time tells the actions and events that take place in your story.
	
	a) The character is where your story takes place.
	
	b) The setting is the time in which the writer tells the story in the order in which it occurred.
	
	c) The plot is a person, animal or imaginary creature in your story.
	
Explicação:
CHARACTER: A person, animal or imaginary creature in your story. There are usually one or two main characters. There can be many secondary characters too. Make your characters interesting so that they hold your reader's interest.
SETTING: This is where your story takes place. The setting is a time - the future, the past, or now. The setting is also the place - on the moon, in Chicago, at the Whitehouse. The setting is an important part of your story.
PLOT:  The plot of your story tells the actions and events that take place in your story. Your plot should have a beginning, a middle and an end. The plot tells the events of your story in a logical order.
TIME
CHRONOLOGICAL -The chronological time remainsthe most common way to develop a story. Moreover, most authors and writing experts agree that it is the easiest plot device to utilize.  The chronological plot is one in which the writer tells the story in the ¿order in which it occurred.¿ In other words, the writer lays out the story itself in chronological fashion, from start to finish.  Once again, the use of a chronological plot is a very simply way to tell a story; however, you can present a very complicated story (or novel) through the use of a chronological plot.
FLASHBACKS - Another manner in which you can structure a plot is through the use of flashbacks. In other words, the narrator of the story will be speaking in the present day (for example) and the underlying story or plot itself will unfold through the use of flashbacks. The flashbacks themselves do not have to be in any particular order per se. Rather, the flashbacks can be used to develop the tension and drama of the story itself as desired and as necessary to make for the most interesting and entertaining tale.
NARRATOR: or WHO ARE YOU? AND WHY ARE YOU TELLING ME THIS?
A crucial element of any work of fiction is the NARRATOR, the person who is telling the story (note that this isn't the same as the AUTHOR, the person who actually wrote the story).
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the WRONG alternative:
		
	 
	d) When discussing events in a book or story, always use the PRESENT TENSE, unless there is a shift in the time frame within the world of the text.
	
	c) When you are writing about a certain historical event (even the creation of a literary or artistic work), use the PAST TENSE.
	
	b) When describing an author's work, however, use the PAST TENSE.
	
	a) When commenting on what a writer says, use the PRESENT TENSE.
	 
	e) You should use the PRESENT TENSE when discussing historical events, and you should use the literary present when discussing fictional events.
	
Explicação:
You should use the past tense when discussing historical events, and you should use the literary present when discussing fictional events.
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	According to the clues learned for a better writing, what would be the best example of a well written sentence?
		
	
	d) He did not remember to feed the dog.
	
	b) The rocket was fired by Jack.
	 
	c) She failed the music exam.
	
	a) The jar was broken by Kim.
	
	e) The standards are set out in Virginia law.
	
Explicação:
The jar was broken by Kim.
The rocket was fired by Jack. 
Sentences in the passive voice. You'd better use the active voice.
The standards are set out in Virginia law. - avoid "is" verbs.
He did not remember to feed the dog. - use the affirmative sentence - He forgot to feed the dog.
 
 
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	One of the clues for a better writing is to keep the subject and the verb close together at the very beginning of your sentences. Which sentence DOES NOT follow this rule?
		
	
	d) The level of government support varies according to a person¿s current circumstances.
	
	b) Billions of people lack adequate sanitation.
	 
	e) Pollution, as far as it may be concerned, provide, sadly to say, greater opportunities for employment¿ as the rest of the sentence.
	
	c) Most industrialised countries are welfare states.
	
	a) Environmental costs will be born by future generations.
	
Explicação:
Pollution, as far as it may be concerned, provide, sadly to say, greater opportunities for employment¿ as the rest of the sentence.
Pollution = subject
provide = verb
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	Complete the text with a proper verb tense (present, past or future)
Most men and women pass through life without ever considering or criticizing either their own conditions or those of the world at large. They find themselves born into a certain place in society, and they accept what each day (to bring), without any thought beyond what the immediate present requires.
(Adapted from Proposed Roads To Freedom by Bertrand Russell)
		
	
	b)Has brought
	
	a)Had brought
	 
	e)Brings
	
	d)Had been bringing
	
	c)Brought
	
Explicação:
BRINGS - the story is told in the simple present. Literary works, paintings, films, and other artistic creations are assumed to exist in an eternal present.
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the correct verb tense and form to complete the following text:
"Dear Diary, Today is Thursday. I (TO SIT) at my desk trying to concentrate on my writing. Worrying about my application (TO MAKE) me crazy. I must think about something else. What's that? The doorbell (JUST - TO RING). Maybe it's the mailman"
		
	 
	c) am sitting - will make - has just rung
	
	b) sit - made - just rang
	
	a) am sitting - had made - just rang
	
	e) sit - will make - just rang
	
	d) sit - makes - just rang
	
Explicação:
Dear Diary, Today is Thursday. I (TO SIT) at my desk trying to concentrate on my writing. Worrying about my application (TO MAKE) me crazy. I must think about something else. What's that? The doorbell (JUST - TO RING). Maybe it's the mailman.
I am sitting = Present continuous. Use this, not the present tense, to describe an action going on right now.
will make = Future. This describes something that has not happened yet but will happen at some point.
has just rung = Present perfect. This implies that the action happened in the very recent past ¿ here, a few seconds ago. The key word is ¿just,¿ which means that the action was recent.
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	The PAST TENSE is mostly used:
		
	
	c) When you're describing plans
	
	d) When discussing events in a book or story, unless there is a shift in the time frame within the world of the text.
	
	e) When discussing historical events, and you should use the literary present when discussing fictional events.
	
	a) When commenting on what a writer says.
	 
	b) When describing an author¿s work.
	
Explicação:
When describing an author¿s work use the PAST TENSE.
When you are writing about a certain historical event (even the creation of a literary or artistic work), use the PAST TENSE.
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	'I take up my pen in the year of grace 17-, and go back to the time when my father kept the 'Admiral Benbow' inn, and the brown old seaman, with the saber cut, first took up his lodging under our roof.' (Jim Hawkins in Treasure Island, by Robert Louis Stevenson)
 In the above excerpt the narrator is:
		
	
	e)none of the above
	
	d) third person limited
	
	a) second person
	
	c) third person omniscient
	 
	b)first person
	
Explicação:
A FIRST PERSON narrator is an "I" (occasionally a "we") who speaks from her/his subject position. That narrator is usually a character in the story, who interacts with other characters; we see those interactions through the narrator's eyes, and we can't know anything the narrator doesn't know.
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the WRONG alternative:
		
	
	d) When discussing events in a book or story, always use the PRESENT TENSE, unless there is a shift in the time frame within the world of the text.
	 
	e) You should use the PRESENT TENSE when discussing historical events, and you should use the literary present when discussing fictional events.
	
	b) When describing an author's work, however, use the PAST TENSE.
	
	c) When you are writing about a certain historical event (even the creation of a literary or artistic work), use the PAST TENSE.
	
	a) When commenting on what a writer says, use the PRESENT TENSE.
	
Explicação:
You should use the past tense when discussing historical events, and you should use the literary present when discussing fictional events.
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	According to the clues learned for a better writing, what would be the best example of a well written sentence?
		
	
	b) The rocket was fired by Jack.
	
	e) The standards are set out in Virginia law.
	
	a) The jar was broken by Kim.
	 
	c) She failed the music exam.
	
	d) He did not remember to feed the dog.
	
Explicação:
The jar was broken by Kim.
Therocket was fired by Jack. 
Sentences in the passive voice. You'd better use the active voice.
The standards are set out in Virginia law. - avoid "is" verbs.
He did not remember to feed the dog. - use the affirmative sentence - He forgot to feed the dog.
 
 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	One of the clues for a better writing is to keep the subject and the verb close together at the very beginning of your sentences. Which sentence DOES NOT follow this rule?
		
	
	c) Most industrialised countries are welfare states.
	
	d) The level of government support varies according to a person¿s current circumstances.
	
	a) Environmental costs will be born by future generations.
	
	b) Billions of people lack adequate sanitation.
	 
	e) Pollution, as far as it may be concerned, provide, sadly to say, greater opportunities for employment¿ as the rest of the sentence.
	
Explicação:
Pollution, as far as it may be concerned, provide, sadly to say, greater opportunities for employment¿ as the rest of the sentence.
Pollution = subject
provide = verb
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the RIGHT alternative about the parts of a story
		
	
	d) The chronological time tells the actions and events that take place in your story.
	 
	e) The flashbacks time tells the story in the present day (for example) and the underlying story or plot itself will unfold through the use of flashbacks.
	
	c) The plot is a person, animal or imaginary creature in your story.
	
	a) The character is where your story takes place.
	
	b) The setting is the time in which the writer tells the story in the order in which it occurred.
AULA 10
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	Say in which option the past is not described as the time more past than another
		
	
	When I arrived he had already left
	 
	I had been in France
	
	He said that his father had died recently
	
	I met a man who had been my friend 30 years ago.
	
	When he met me he told me he had been married twice.
	
Explicação:
All the other sentences have two clauses : one in the simple past (second action) and the other in the past perfect (first action).
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	We use the present tense to indicate those facts which always have been true, which are true, and which will always remain true. Also, use present tense for those actions that have occurred, are occurring, and probably will continue to occur. Choose the option which shows a present tense situation.
		
	 
	"Iron is heavier than water."
	
	"Joanne and I attended the same college for three years."
	
	"In this hot weather, we will have drunk all our water before we reach camp."
	
	"I lived in Jonesville for 15 years."
	
	"We heard the crash, went to the window, and saw the accident."
	
Explicação:
"I lived in Jonesville for 15 years." - simple past.
"Joanne and I attended the same college for three years." - simple past.
"In this hot weather, we will have drunk all our water before we reach camp." - future perfect
"We heard the crash, went to the window, and saw the accident." - simple past.
 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the only sentence which is correct:
		
	 
	The baby weighs ten pounds
	
	How much is this costing?
	
	Hurry up: I wait for you
	
	I used to go to the gym several times
	
	I took the train when I was living in San francisco
	
Explicação:
I took the train when I was living (lived) in San francisco
How much is this costing? = How much does this cost?
Hurry up: I wait (am waiting) for you
I used to go to the gym several times. (when I...) or I have been to the gym several times.
 
 
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Match
1. Present perfect simple
2. Simple past
3. Past perfect simple
4. Present continuous
(     ) Eden danced with the city ballet company for seven years.
(     ) Brian is applying for a Fulbright Scholarship right now.
(     ) My mother has driven the same Mazda for ten years.
(     ) She had forgotten the assignment.
		
	 
	d) 2 - 4 - 1 - 3
	
	b) 1 - 4 - 3 - 2
	
	a) 2 - 3 - 4 - 1
	
	c) 2 - 4 - 3 - 1
	 
	e) 2 - 3 - 1 - 4
	
Explicação:
 
Simple Past = danced = ED
Present perfet Simple = has driven = have + past participle
Past perfect simple = had forgotten = had + past participle
Present continuous = is applying = to be + verb + ing
 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Using parallel verbs, complete the following sentence. 'It is better to give than ___________.'
		
	
	a) received
	
	d) would receive
	
	c) receive
	
	b) receiving
	 
	e) to receive
	
Explicação:
It is better to give than ___________.'
It is better TO GIVE (verb in the infinitive with TO). So the same with the second verb (TO RECEIVE).
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In which alternative the verb parallelism is CORRECT?
		
	
	d) We must either raise revenues or it will be necessary to reduce expenses.
	
	e) Stoics deny the importance of such things as wealth, good looks, and having a good reputation.
	
	b) I look forward to graduating from high school in May and to attend college in the fall.
	
	c) My favorite pastimes include napping, snacking, and watch TV.
	 
	a) Examples of weight-bearing exercises include walking, jogging, hiking, and dancing.
	
Explicação:
I look forward to graduating from high school in May and to attend(ing) college in the fall.
My favorite pastimes include napping, snacking, and watch(ing)  TV.
We must either raise revenues or it will be necessary to reduce expenses.
Stoics deny the importance of such things as wealth, good looks, and having a good reputation.
 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the best alternative to complete the sentence: 'When I was a child, I loved to play in the leaves, skip down the driveway, __________________.'
		
	
	d) and had run against the wind.
	
	e) and would run against the wind.
	
	b) and ran against the wind.
	 
	a) and run against the wind.
	
	c) and running against the wind.
	
Explicação:
'When I was a child, I loved to play in the leaves, skip down the driveway, __________________.' (run against the wind) - all the verbs in the infinitive. 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Read the passage below and choose the option which completes all the gaps in the sentences correctly. ¿By the time Tom _________ the doorbell, it ___________ three times. As usual, he ______________to loud music on his stereo. He_________ the stereo down and__________ to answer the door.¿
		
	
	notices - has already rung - has been listening - turn - stands up
	 
	notices - has rung already- has been listening- turns - stands up
	
	notices - has already rung- has being listening - turns - stands up
	
	notice - has already rung - has been listening - turns - stands up
	 
	notices - has already rung - has been listening - turns - stands up
	
Explicação:
It is describing an action that frequently happens. 
By the time Tom _________ (notices - Even though the key phrase ¿By the time¿ has a future meaning, we use the simple present because will is never used in future time clauses. ) the doorbell, it ___________ (has already rung - This implies that the action happened in the very recent past ¿ here, a few seconds ago. ) three times. As usual, he ______________(has been listening - This action began in the past, continued for a while in the past, and is still going on now.) to loud music on his stereo. He_________ (turns)  the stereo down and__________(stands) to answer the door.
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	In which alternative the verb tense is CORRECT?
		
	
	c) If I will do this, I will be wrong.
	 
	b) After the tests had ended, Wai Chee wrote a report.
	
	d) When I will go to New York, I will meet him.
	
	a) He said that his father died last year.
	
	e) I apply to attend college this semester.
	
Explicação:
 
He said that his father died last year. = HAD DIED
If I will do this, I will be wrong. = IF I DO THIS
When I will go to New York, I will meet him. = WHEN I GO
I apply to attend college this semester. = HAVE APPLIED
 
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the only sentence which