APOSTILA BIOLOGIA PARA VESTIBULAR TRADICIONAL - KENNEDY RAMOS

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01. (Unesp) Mortandade de peixes e 
coloração da água do Rio Tietê 
preocupam no interior de SP 
 
A água de cor estranha e o cheiro forte 
estão preocupando quem mora perto 
do rio. Pescadores estão voltando para 
casa com as redes vazias. 
“O que você está vendo são os peixes 
mortos. Mas não morrem só peixes, 
morre toda uma cadeia abaixo dos 
peixes, que são outros 
microrganismos, pequenos crustáceos, 
pequenos moluscos que são alimentos 
dos peixes”, explica o biólogo Arif Cais, 
professor voluntário aposentado da 
Unesp de São José do Rio Preto. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(https://g1.globo.com, 11.05.2019. Adaptado.) 
A reportagem faz referência ao fenômeno 
de eutrofização. Nesse fenômeno, um dos 
eventos que precedem e um dos eventos 
que sucedem a mortandade dos peixes 
são, respectivamente: 
a) despejo de esgotos nas águas e 
decomposição aeróbica. 
b) proliferação de microrganismos 
aeróbicos e decomposição anaeróbica. 
c) redução da matéria orgânica disponível e 
mortandade de crustáceos e moluscos. 
d) turvação da água e redução da matéria 
orgânica disponível. 
e) produção de gás sulfídrico e proliferação 
de microrganismos aeróbicos. 
 
02. (Unesp) Comportamento do casal pode 
definir sexo do bebê, dizem 
pesquisadores 
Muitas pessoas sonham não só com o 
nascimento de um bebê, mas com o 
sexo dele. Não é possível escolher se 
você vai gerar uma menina ou um 
menino, mas alguns pesquisadores 
sugerem que alguns fatores, como fazer 
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sexo exatamente no dia da ovulação, ou 
a frequência das relações sexuais, 
aumentariam a chance de ter uma 
criança de determinado sexo. 
(Ivonete Lucirio. 
https://universa.uol.com.br, 06.08.2012. 
Adaptado.) 
A notícia traz hipóteses ainda em 
discussão entre especialistas, mas o 
que o conhecimento biológico tem 
como certo é que, na espécie humana, o 
sexo da prole é definido no momento da 
fecundação e depende da constituição 
cromossômica do 
 
a) espermatozoide,que é definida na 
meiose I da gametogênese do pai e a 
mãe não tem participação na 
determinação do sexo da prole. 
b) óvulo, que é definida na meiose II da 
gametogênese da mãe e o pai não tem 
participação na determinação do sexo da 
prole. 
c) espermatozoide, que é definida na 
meiose II da gametogênese do pai e a 
mãe não tem participação na 
determinação do sexo da prole. 
d) óvulo e do espermatozoide, que são 
definidas na meiose II da gametogênese 
de ambos os genitores e o pai e a mãe 
participam, conjuntamente, da 
determinação do sexo da prole. 
e) óvulo, que é definida na meiose I da 
gametogênese da mãe e o pai não tem 
participação na determinação do sexo da 
prole. 
 
 
03. (Unesp) Os microplásticos representam 
aproximadamente 92,4% da contagem 
global de partículas de lixo plástico. 
Estes pequenos plásticos de até 5 mm 
de tamanho estão entrando no ambiente 
marinho, contaminando um sistema já 
vulnerável. 
(www.arocha.org. Adaptado.) 
Os mexilhões estão entre os 
invertebrados marinhos diretamente 
afetados pela presença de partículas de 
microplásticos nas águas, uma vez que, 
para se alimentarem, 
 
a) capturam micropartículas batendo os 
flagelos dos coanócitos. 
b) raspam com a rádula a superfície do 
substrato marinho. 
c) trituram com dentes calcários outros 
animais menores. 
d) filtram partículas de alimento na água 
circundante. 
e) circulam a água pelos canais do sistema 
ambulacrário. 
 
04. (Unesp) A resposta das células a pulsos 
elétricos sugere que a membrana 
plasmática assemelha-se a um circuito 
elétrico composto por uma associação 
paralela entre um resistor (R) e um 
capacitor (C) conectados a uma fonte 
eletromotriz (E). A composição por 
fosfolipídios e proteínas é que confere 
resistência elétrica à membrana, 
enquanto a propriedade de manter uma 
diferença de potencial elétrico, ou 
potencial de membrana, é comparável a 
um capacitor. 
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(Eduardo A. C. Garcia. Biofísica, 2002. 
Adaptado.) 
A figura mostra a analogia entre um 
circuito elétrico e a membrana 
plasmática. 
 
 
 
A diferença de potencial elétrico na 
membrana plasmática é mantida 
 
a) pelo bombeamento ativo de íonspromovido por proteínas de membrana 
específicas. 
b) pela difusão facilitada de íons através de 
proteínas canais que transpassam a 
membrana. 
c) pela constante difusão simples de íons 
por entre as moléculas de fosfolipídios. 
d) pela transferência de íons entre os meios 
extra e intracelular por processos de 
endocitose e exocitose. 
e) pelo fluxo de água do meio mais 
concentrado em íons para o meio menos 
concentrado. 
 
05. (Unesp) A amônia 3(NH ) é obtida 
industrialmente pelo processo Haber-
Bosch, que consiste na reação química 
entre o gás nitrogênio proveniente do ar 
e o gás hidrogênio. O processo ocorre 
em temperaturas superiores a 500 C e 
pressões maiores que 200 atm e pode 
ser representado pela equação química: 
2(g) 2(g) 3(g)N H 2 NH  
A amônia produzida por esse processo 
tem como uma de suas aplicações a 
fabricação de fertilizantes para o 
aumento da produção agrícola. Na 
natureza, a amônia também é produzida 
tendo o ar como fonte de gás 
nitrogênio, que é assimilado 
 
a) pelo micélio dos fungos filamentosos. 
b) pela respiração dos animais 
invertebrados que vivem no solo. 
c) por bactérias no solo e nas raízes de 
leguminosas. 
d) pelo processo de fotossíntese 
realizado por plantas e algas. 
e) pela decomposição dos tecidos dos 
seres vivos. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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QUESTÃO 01 Gabarito: [B] 
No processo de eutrofização, um dos eventos 
que precedem a morte dos peixes é a intensa 
proliferação de microrganismos aeróbicos. Um 
dos que sucedem a mortandade dos peixes é a 
decomposição anaeróbica, devido ao aumento 
da DBO. 
 
QUESTÃO 02 Gabarito: [A] 
A determinação do sexo em mamíferos é do tipo 
XY, isto é, o macho é heterogamético, 
produzindo dois tipos de espermatozoides, com 
relação aos cromossomos sexuais: 50% com o 
cromossomo X e 50% com o Y. Z fêmea é 
homogamética, produzindo todos os ovócitos 
com o cromossomo X. Logo, o tipo de 
espermatozoide é que definirá o sexo do filhote. 
A segregação desses cromossomos ocorreudurante a meiose I paterna. 
 
QUESTÃO 03 Gabarito: [D] 
Os mexilhões são moluscos bivalves que se 
alimentam por filtração da água circundante. Por 
esse motivo, são bons indicadores de poluição 
aquática. 
 
QUESTÃO 04 Gabarito [A] 
A diferença de potencial elétrico na membrana 
plasmática é promovido por transporte ativo de 
íons pelas proteínas específicas dessa 
membrana. 
 
 
 
 
QUESTÃO 05 Gabarito: [C] 
A produção de amônia 3(NH ) a partir do 
nitrogênio atmosférica 2(N ) é realizado na 
natureza por bactérias no solo e nas raízes de 
plantas da família das leguminosas. 
 
 
 
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