EAT_BOOK_SIMPLE - WISE UP ON LINE

Prévia do material em texto

ChaptersChapters.
Reservation1 p. 03
3 Menu p. 44
2 At the Restaurant p. 22
4 Ordering p. 67
5 During the Meal p. 89
6 The Check p. 114
7 Fast Food p. 131
8 Delivery p. 152
9 Grammar Guide p. 170
1Reservation.
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[At home]
Suzie:
Hey! So, picking a cuisine that you want to eat for the day there’s kind of 
a lot to choose from. Do you want Chinese? Japanese? Mexican? Italian? 
The list goes on and on.
Roger:
When you’re picking out a restaurant online, you can think about the 
different types of cuisine that you would like to have for the day. But you 
can also think about the actual menu itself and how many offerings and 
what kind of variety they have at each restaurant. We still have a lot of 
options to consider when we’re booking a restaurant online.
Suzie:
There are so many things to consider!
Roger:
Lots and lots! Well, like money! Prices! 
Suzie:
Price points! You’re always about the price points!
Roger:
Well, you know, I’m frugal!
Suzie:
I know! 
RESERVATION
One of the best things while visiting other countries is trying different foods or 
even your favorite ones with a different f lare. In order to make sure you won’t lose 
the opportunity of trying the food from a famous restaurant, you should make 
your reservation in advance, and this is the main topic of this f irst chapter.
Take a look at the script of Reservation. 
Part 1.
Video Script
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Roger:
I like to save a buck whenever I can!
Suzie:
You like to save a buck. 
Roger:
Yes! Yes, so we can have the nicer and the f iner things in life when we 
want them. 
Suzie:
True! What I f ind most important is that I need to read reviews.
[Looking at their phone]
Roger:
And here are the reviews. But before actually start reading the reviews, 
let’s remind that there are a lot of options out there when it comes to 
review sites. You find the one that you like and, a lot of times, they’ll deal 
with stars. One star to five stars, f ive stars of course being great, one star 
not being so good. They also talk about price points with dollar signs. So, 
a one-dollar sign would mean very cheap, very low cost. And up to five-
dollar signs would be the most expensive places that we have available.
Suzie:
There’re some keywords to look out for. Look out for anything that 
qualif ies service. Like, “It was really delicious!”, “Really good!”, “Really 
great!”
Roger:
And then you, of course, have negative as well. “Yuck! Awful! Gross! 
Stay away!”
Suzie:
OK, that’s enough! Why don’t we read this review?
Roger:
In the reviews it said that this restaurant gets a little busy during peak 
hours, so you might want to make a reservation. So, we’re going to go 
through those steps of making a reservation right now. We know that it 
might be a little overwhelming at times, but don’t worry! We’re going to 
make it nice and easy and simple for you. So what are you going to do? 
You call in to the restaurant, they are going to ask you if you would like 
a reservation, and they’ll ask for your name. And they’ll want to know 
what time you’re coming in, or what time you prefer to come in, and how 
many people are in your party.
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[Calling the restaurant]
Suzie:
It’s ringing. Hi, is this the Grilled Corn Café? Yes, I’d like to make a 
reservation please. For two, at 1 p.m. It’s for Roger Smith. OK, thank 
you! We’ll see you then. OK, so I called in. I made a reservation, and now 
we’re ready to go! 
Roger:
Yeah, we’re ready! Oh, one more thing! Say you call in to the restaurant 
to try and make a reservation, but no one answers. What else can 
you do? You can go online! Most places that take reservations allow 
you to do it online nowadays. Just go on, you do the same thing that 
you would do if you were making a phone call. Put in your name, how 
many are in your party, what time you would like to arrive. And there’s 
usually a special section if you have any requests or, you know, dietary 
restrictions. Or you want to sit on a patio, or if you want to seat by the 
f ireplace.
Suzie:
Let’s go! 
Roger:
Alright, let’s do it! After you! 
Suzie:
Thank you!
RESERVAS
[Em casa]
Suzie:
Oi! Para escolher um tipo de culinária que você queira comer durante o 
dia, bem, existem várias opções. Você quer comida chinesa? Japonesa? 
Mexicana? Italiana? A lista não acaba.
Roger:
Quando você está escolhendo um restaurante on-line, você pode pensar 
sobre os diferentes tipos de culinária que você gostaria de comer. Mas 
você também pode pensar sobre o cardápio em si e quantas ofertas 
e qual é a variedade que há em cada restaurante. Ainda temos várias 
opções para considerar quando estamos reservando um restaurante 
on-line.
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Suzie:
Existem muitas coisas para se levar em consideração.
Roger:
Muitas e muitas! Como dinheiro, por exemplo! E preços!
Suzie:
Níveis de preço. Você sempre fala de níveis de preço!
Roger:
Você sabe que eu sou econômico!
Suzie:
Eu sei! 
Roger:
Eu gosto de economizar um trocado sempre que posso!
Suzie:
Você gosta de economizar.
Roger:
Sim! Para que possamos ter do bom e do melhor na vida quando 
quisermos. 
Suzie:
Verdade! O que eu acho mais importante é que preciso ler as avaliações!
[Olhando para o celular]
Roger:
E... Aqui estão as avaliações... mas antes de começarmos a ler as 
avaliações, vamos lembrar que temos várias opções quando se fala 
de sites de avaliação. Você acha um restaurante de que você gosta, 
e muitas vezes eles vão ter classif icação por estrelas. De uma a cinco 
estrelas, com cinco sendo ótimo, e uma sendo não tão bom. Eles 
também falam sobre o nível de preço com cifrões, e um cifrão signif ica 
muito barato, de baixo custo, e até cinco cifrões indicam os lugares mais 
caros.
Suzie:
Existem algumas palavras-chave para se prestar atenção; f ique atento 
para qualquer coisa que qualif ique o serviço. Por exemplo: “Estava 
muito delicioso!”, “Muito bom!”, “Ótimo!”.
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Roger:
Mas é claro que também tem os pontos negativos. “Eca! Horrível! 
Nojento! Passe longe!”.
Suzie:
OK, já é o suficiente! Por que não lemos essa avaliação?
Roger:
Nas avaliações, disseram que esse restaurante f ica um pouco 
movimentado durante as horas de pico, e talvez tenhamos que fazer 
uma reserva. Então, vamos ver os passos para se fazer uma reserva 
agora mesmo. Nós sabemos que isso às vezes pode ser desesperador, 
mas não se preocupe! Vamos explicar de maneira simples e fácil para 
você. Então, o que você vai fazer é ligar para o restaurante, e eles vão te 
perguntar se você gostaria de fazer uma reserva, vão pedir o seu nome, 
e vão querer saber seu horário de chegada, ou a que horas você prefere 
chegar, e quantas pessoas estão no seu grupo.
[Ligando para o restaurante]
Suzie:
Está chamando. Oi, é do Café Grilled Corn? Sim, eu gostaria de fazer 
uma reserva, por favor. Para dois, à 1h da tarde. Em nome de Roger 
Smith. OK, obrigado! Até lá! OK, eu liguei para o restaurante, f iz uma 
reserva, e agora estamos prontos para ir!
Roger:
Sim, estamos prontos! E mais uma coisa! Digamos que você ligue para o 
restaurante para fazer uma reserva e ninguém atenda o telefone. O que 
mais você pode fazer? Entrar na internet. A maioria dos lugares que fazem 
reservas também permitem que você as faça on-line hoje em dia. Vá em 
frente, e faça tudo o que faria caso você estivesse fazendo uma ligação.
Digite o seu nome, o tamanho do seu grupo, e o horário que você 
gostaria de chegar. Também há uma seção especial em que você pode 
fazer observações sobre restrições alimentares, por exemplo. Ou se você 
quer se sentar no pátio, ou perto da lareira.
Suzie:Vamos lá!
Roger:
Vamos! Depois de você!
Suzie:
Obrigada!
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HALFTIME ATTRACTIONS
Mexican
Mexicana
Japanese
Japonesa 
Chinese
Chinesa
Italian
Italiana 
An important part of every trip is the dining experience we can enjoy! The f irst step is to choose 
the kind of cuisine or the type of food you want to try. For example:
Vocabulary
Part 2.
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POSITIVE REVIEWS
Delicious food
Comida deliciosa
Comfy place, good for kids
Lugar confortável, bom 
para levar crianças
Great dishes
Pratos ótimos
Helpful staff
Funcionários solícitos
It is always a good idea to check the opinion of those who have already been 
to the restaurant in which you are interested by reading the reviews. There are 
many apps you can download to search for this. Look for keywords that relate to 
the service, such as:
NEGATIVE REVIEWS
Dirty restroom
Banheiro sujo
Greasy food
Comida gordurosa
Soggy fries
Batatas fritas encharcadas 
(de óleo)
Yucky place
Lugar asqueroso
Really gross
Muito nojento
All these adjectives (delicious, great, comfy, good, helpful) are positive 
qualities, so you can consider them favorable characteristics.
But you can also f ind reviews that highlight the negative aspects, such as:
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 Bad (Ruim)
 Regular (Mediano)
 Good (Bom)
 Very good (Muito bom)
 Excellent (Excelente)
 Very cheap (Muito barato)
 Cheap (Barato)
 Average price / Affordable (Preço mediano)
 Expensive (Caro)
 Very expensive / Pricey (Muito caro)
RATING SYSTEM
PRICE POINTS
Some apps or review websites may have a rating system that awards stars or 
spoons: one star means a badly rated restaurant, while f ive mean a top-notch place!
Another thing that can be searched beforehand is the price point, which is 
usually indicated by dollar signs and follows the same logic as that of the star 
rating: the more dollar signs, the more expensive the place is:
It may be diff icult to get a table in some trendy restaurants, especially if you are in 
a city like New York or Los Angeles, or during peak hours. To avoid the hassle of 
going to the restaurant and joining a huge waiting line, the best option is to make 
a reservation.
Some restaurants have a number you can call. When they answer, you can use 
some of these sentences:
Hello, I’d like to make a reservation.
Olá, eu gostaria de fazer uma reserva.
What day is it for?
Para que dia é a reserva?
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Note that the word party in this context has nothing to do with a celebration. 
Here, party means group.
Many establishments use online booking nowadays. The process is similar to 
the one you follow over the phone. You won’t interact with the attendant, but the 
information you will enter to make the reservation will be the same:
ONLINE RESERVATION ITEMS
Name O nome que vai f icar na reserva 
Last name Last name 
First name Primeiro nome 
What time would you like to come in?
A que horas você gostaria de chegar?
Whose name is it under?
Em nome de quem é a reserva?
How many people are there in your party? / For how many people?
Quantas pessoas têm no seu grupo? / Para quantas pessoas? 
It’s for tomorrow at 8 p.m.
É para amanhã às 8 da noite.
Party of eight. / Table for eight.
Grupo de 8 pessoas. / Mesa para 8 pessoas.
Number of people Quantidade de pessoas 
Day and time Dia e hora
Email and telephone number E-mail e número do telefone 
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Now you know restaurant styles, some keywords to understand reviews, 
and how to make restaurant reservations by phone or online.
You may also have the chance to add a special 
request. For example, if you have dietary 
restrictions or some food allergy, you can write:
Or you can ask them to put a child seat by your table: 
After confirming the reservation, just get the address of the restaurant, enter it 
into the GPS and set off for an unforgettable meal.
The interface of the website or the app may also allow you to add special information 
such as occasion. Then you may have some options as: birthday or anniversary. 
It could be a wedding anniversary, for example.
DINNING OCCASION
Anniversary 
Celebração anual 
Business meal 
Refeição de negócios
Birthday 
Aniversário
Celebration 
Comemorações 
em geral
Date night 
Encontro romântico
Dietary restriction – intense shellfish allergy 
Restrição alimentar – alergia intensa a mariscos 
Five-year-old child coming. Please, arrange a booster seat. 
Criança de cinco anos no grupo. Por favor, providencie uma cadeira infantil. 
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10
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A. Number the columns according to the translation of the words.
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.
( 1 ) Italian
( 2 ) Price point
( 3 ) Special request
( 4 ) Kind of cuisine
( 5 ) Dietary restriction
( 6 ) Date night
( 7 ) Business meal
( 8 ) Anniversary
( 9 ) Greasy food
( 10 ) Reviews
( 11 ) Peak hours
( 12 ) Rating system
( ) Tipo de comida
( ) Italiana
( ) Avaliações
( ) Sistema de 
 classif icação
( ) Faixa de preço
( ) Horários de pico
( ) Pedido especial
( ) Restrição alimentar
( ) Celebração anual
( ) Comida gordurosa 
( ) Encontro romântico
( ) Refeição de negócios
a) Hello, I’d like to a reservation.
 Olá, eu gostaria de fazer uma reserva.
b) How many people are there in your .
 Quantas pessoas têm no seu grupo?
c) What is it for?
 Para que dia é a reserva?
d) Whose is it under?
 Em nome de quem é a reserva?
e) What would you like to come in?
 A que horas você gostaria de chegar?
f) For how many ?
 Para quantas pessoas?
g) Five-year-old coming. Please, arrange a booster seat. 
 Criança de cinco anos no grupo. Por favor, providencie uma cadeira infantil. 
Part 3.
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 LOCATION The restaurant is downtown.
 Localização O restaurante f ica no centro.
 CHARACTERISTICS The food is delicious at that restaurant.
 Características A comida é deliciosa naquele restaurante.
 NATIONALITY Pasta Carbonara is an Italian dish.
 Nacionalidade Macarrão à carbonara é um prato italiano.
Once you’ve learned how to make your reservation, now it’s time to check out some useful 
language items for this situation. In this chapter, we will see the verb to be in the simple present, 
the structure there + be, and the question word what.
Let’s begin talking about one of the most recognizable verbs in the English language: the verb to 
be. We use this verb to talk about location, characteristics, nationalities...
Look at the following examples:
VERB TO BE 
 AFFIRMATIVE FORM The restaurant is downtown.
 Subject + Verb To Be + Complement O restaurante f ica no centro.
 NEGATIVE FORM The restaurant is not downtown.
 Subject + Verb To Be + Not + Complement O restaurante não f ica no centro.
 INTERROGATIVE FORM Is the restaurant downtown?
 Verb To Be + Subject + Complement O restaurante f ica no centro?
In these previous examples, you probably noticed that we used a subject followed by a verb 
and a complement. This is the basic sentence structure for the aff irmative form.Let’s take a look at other structures with the verb to be:
BASIC SENTENCE STRUCTURE
Part 4.
Grammar
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Now, depending on the subject, the conjugation of the verb to be will change. The verb to be is 
the only verb in English that has three different conjugations in the present: am, are, and is.
And, especially in spoken language, we use the contracted form in the affirmative and 
negative forms. The interrogative form does not allow contractions. Let’s take a look:
Now the verb to be can be part of some other structures, and it might have a 
different meaning. For example, when we use the combination there + be. 
This structure expresses existence. We can say, for example:
VERB TO BE 
There is a nice Chinese restaurant on the corner.
Tem/Há/Existe um restaurante chinês na esquina. 
There are eight people in my party. 
Tem/Há/Existem oito pessoas no meu grupo. 
Let’s analyze another example. When we make a reservation at a restaurant, 
it is important to say how many people are with you, so you can get a nice table 
for everyone. One way of saying this would be:
 AFFIRMATIVE FORM
 I am I’m
 You/we/they are You’re/we’re/they’re 
 He/she/it is He’s/she’s/it’s 
 NEGATIVE FORM
 I am not I’m not –
 You/we/they are not You’re/we’re/they’re not You/we/they aren’t
 He/she/it is not He’s/she’s/it’s not He/she/it isn’t
 INTERROGATIVE FORM
 Am I…?
 Are you/we/they…?
 Is he/she/it…?
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The meaning here is totally different. We are talking about existence. Now let’s 
see how the structure of there + be works:
Now, when you don’t know what exists somewhere, you can use the structure 
what is there to ask the question. The question with what followed by the 
structure there + be will always be in the singular.
THERE + BE + SINGULAR/PLURAL NOUN + COMPLEMENT
WHAT AND THERE + BE
 AFFIRMATIVE FORM There is + Singular Noun + Complement
 There are + Plural Noun + Complement
What is there in the restaurant menu?
O que tem no cardápio do restaurante? 
What are there in the restaurant menu?
O que existem no menu do restaurante?
 NEGATIVE FORM There isn’t + Singular Noun + Complement
 There aren’t + Singular Noun + Complement
 INTERROGATIVE FORM + COMPLEMENT
 Is there + Singular Noun + Complement
 Are there + Plural Noun + Complement
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Other information required when making a reservation is the time you intend to 
arrive. And to ask about time, we can use a variation of what, which is what time. 
Take a look at an example:
But pay attention. We can also use what time to ask the time at the moment we 
speak. But there will be no preposition in the answer. The preposition at is used 
when we refer to a scheduled time.
Check the difference in the answer:
WHAT TIME
WHAT TIME
What time is it?
Que horas são?
What time would you like to come in?
A que horas você gostaria de chegar?
It’s ten thirty.
São dez e meia.
At 8 p.m.
Às 8h da noite.
Another important question when we make a reservation is also asked with the 
question word what followed by the verb to be. The restaurant usually asks your 
name and the day of the reservation. 
So these very common questions would be:
WHAT AND VERB TO BE
What is your name?
Qual é o seu nome?
What day is it for?
Para qual/que dia é a reserva?
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In the question, there’s the construction: what kind of + food, followed by 
the structure there + be in the interrogative, and a location. And the answer 
specif ies a type of cuisine. 
WHAT KIND OF + NOUN
What kind of food is there at Pablo’s Restaurant?
Qual tipo de comida tem no Pablo’s Restaurant?
Mexican food. / Mexican.
Comida mexicana. / Mexicana.
There is another variation of the question word what which is what kind of + the 
noun. This question word will be very useful when we want to know what the 
restaurant serves. Let’s see an example:
Now you know how to use the verb to be in the present, talk about existence using 
there + be, and ask some questions with what and its variations. If you want to learn 
more about these topics, check the Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE 
Verb To Be – Simple Present Page 252 w
There + Be Page 256 w
Question Word What Page 221 w
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Part 5.
ActivitiesGrammar
a) There are eight people in my party.
 Há oito pessoas no meu grupo.
 Negative Form:
 
b) Is the restaurant downtown? 
 O restaurante f ica no centro?
 Affirmative Form:
 
c) The food is delicious at that restaurant. 
 A comida é deliciosa naquele restaurante.
 Interrogative Form:
 
d) Pasta Carbonara is an Italian dish. 
 Macarrão à carbonara é um prato italiano.
 Negative Form:
 
e) It’s ten thirty. 
 São dez e meia.
 Interrogative Form:
 
A. Rewrite the sentences according to the instructions.
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B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate answer.
a) What time it? 
 Que horas são?
b) What in the restaurant menu? 
 O que tem no cardápio do restaurante?
c) is your name?
 Qual é o seu nome? 
d) 8 p.m.
 Às 8h da noite.
e) is it? 
 Que horas são?
f) of food is there at Pablo’s Restaurant?
 Qual tipo de comida tem no Pablo’s Restaurant?
Notes
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2At the Restaurant.
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[In front of the restaurant]
Suzie:
We went online, read the reviews, chose a restaurant, and made a 
reservation for two! And then we punched the address into Rogers’ 
phone.
Roger:
Mapquest got us here!
Suzie:
We found our way... 
Roger:
To this beautiful restaurant! And we’ll have a beautiful lunch!
Suzie:
Beautiful lunch!
Roger:
We’re going to check in with the host or hostess. It doesn’t matter to us!
Suzie:
We’ll be seated, we’ll look over the menu.
Roger:
Browse the menu!
Suzie:
I already know what I want.
AT THE RESTAURANT
It’s time to go to the restaurant, inform that you have a reservation, and be seated. 
Besides that, in this chapter you will learn some interesting information on the 
f irst steps while at the restaurant and some cultural aspects.
Take a look at the script of At the Restaurant. 
Part 1.
Video Script
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Roger:
We will choose what we want to eat. 
Suzie:
And we will eat when the server brings our food.
Roger:
That’ll be yummy!
Suzie:
I’m starving!
Roger:
I’m pretty hungry, too! Alright, we’re going to go in!
Suzie:
Alright!
Roger:
We’ll see you in there!
[Inside the restaurant, talking to the hostess]
Hostess:
Hi! Welcome!
Roger:
Hi! Thanks!
Hostess:
Do you guys have a reservation?
Suzie:
Yes!
Hostess:
Great! What is it under?
Suzie:
Roger.
Roger:
Smith. Oh, there it is, I see it!
Hostess:
I see it, OK, it looks like you guys are outside.
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Suzie:
It’s chilly!
Roger:
Super cold!
Hostess:Would you guys like a table inside?
Suzie:
Yes, please!
Roger:
Yes, we would!
Hostess:
Let me just double-check that we have something available. Yeah! Looks 
like we have one available; let me go ahead and have Tom go ahead and 
seat you!
Suzie:
Great! Thank you!
Hostess:
Enjoy!
Tom (server):
Will you follow me this way, please?
Roger:
Absolutely!
[At the table]
Roger:
Oh, they have soup and salad!
Suzie:
That’s good!
Tom (server):
Hello! My name is Tom; I will be your server. Let me know if you have 
any questions regarding the menu. And I will be right back!
Suzie:
Great! Let’s get you a salad!
Chapter 2 Vocabulary Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar Activities
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Roger:
I’m sick of salads.
Tom (server):
OK, here’s some water for you! And your complimentary bread. I’ll be 
right back to take your order.
Suzie:
Thank you!
Roger:
This looks good!
Suzie:
Notice that Tom brought us some complimentary bread. It doesn’t 
necessarily mean that it’s free, it’s just because Roger and I are here 
eating our lunch at the restaurant, so he brought us some courtesy bread!
Roger:
Courtesy or complementary, also known as “on the house.” The house is 
covering that expense, therein, on the house. Just like with these waters 
that we got. In the United States, it’s courtesy or custom to have water 
delivered to your table. Even if you didn’t order it or intend to drink it. But 
I will.
Suzie:
You know, I’m glad we didn’t sit on the patio. The patio is one place we 
could have been seated.
Roger:
Thank goodness! 
Suzie:
It would’ve been so cold.
Roger:
They could’ve sat us by the f ireplace! That would’ve been warm and 
cozy!
Suzie:
That would’ve been nice! They could’ve sat us by the bar. We would’ve 
probably had an alcoholic drink by now.
Roger:
Probably it would’ve been much quicker. Still waiting on our food.
Chapter 2 Vocabulary Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar Activities
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Suzie:
Yeah, well…
Just as a reminder, you can request the type of table you’d like. Whether 
it’s on the patio, or by the f ireplace, or the bar, feel free to let the host 
know where you would like to sit.
NO RESTAURANTE
[Em frente ao restaurante]
Suzie:
Entramos na internet e lemos as avaliações. Escolhemos um restaurante 
e f izemos uma reserva para dois! E eu coloquei o endereço no telefone 
do Roger.
Roger:
O Mapquest nos trouxe até aqui!
Suzie:
E nós achamos o caminho...
Roger:
Até este lindo restaurante! E teremos um lindo almoço!
Suzie:
Lindo almoço!
Roger:
Vamos confirmar a reserva com nosso ou nossa recepcionista. Não faz 
diferença para a gente!
Suzie:
Seremos acomodados, vamos olhar o cardápio.
Roger:
Vamos dar uma olhada no cardápio.
Suzie:
Eu já sei o que eu quero.
Roger:
Vamos escolher o que comer.
Suzie:
E vamos comer quando o garçom nos trouxer comida. 
Chapter 2 Vocabulary Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar Activities
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Roger:
Isso vai ser muito gostoso!
Suzie:
Estou morrendo de fome!
Roger:
Estou com bastante fome também! OK, hora de entrar!
Suzie:
OK!
Roger:
Nos vemos lá dentro!
[Dentro do restaurante, conversando com a recepcionista]
Recepcionista:
Oi! Bem-vindos!
Roger:
Oi! Obrigado!
Recepcionista:
Vocês têm uma reserva?
Suzie:
Sim!
Recepcionista:
Ótimo! A reserva está em nome de quem?
Suzie:
Roger.
Roger:
Smith. Estou vendo bem ali.
Recepcionista:
Sim, encontrei, parece que vocês vão se sentar lá fora.
Suzie:
Está meio frio!
Roger:
Muito frio!
Chapter 2 Vocabulary Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar Activities
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Recepcionista:
Vocês gostariam de uma mesa aqui dentro?
Suzie:
Sim, por favor!
Roger:
Sim, gostaríamos!
Recepcionista:
Só me deixem confirmar se temos algo disponível. Sim! Parece que 
temos uma mesa disponível, vamos lá, o Tom vai acomodar vocês!
Suzie:
Ótimo! Obrigada!
Recepcionista:
Aproveitem!
Tom (garçom):
Poderiam me acompanhar por aqui, por favor?
Roger:
Claro!
[À mesa]
Roger:
Eles têm sopas e saladas!
Suzie:
Que bom!
Tom (garçom):
Olá! Meu nome é Tom, e serei seu garçom. Deixe-me saber se vocês 
tiverem quaisquer perguntas sobre o cardápio. Voltarei logo!
Suzie:
Ótimo! Vamos pedir uma salada para você!
Roger:
Estou enjoado de saladas.
Tom (garçom):
OK, trouxe um pouco de água para vocês! E aqui está o pão de cortesia. 
Eu já volto para anotar seu pedido.
Chapter 2 Vocabulary Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar Activities
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Suzie:
Obrigado!
Roger:
Isso parece delicioso!
Suzie:
Notem que Tom nos trouxe pão de cortesia. Não signif ica que sempre 
será de graça, mas como eu e Roger estamos almoçando aqui no 
restaurante, ele nos trouxe pães de cortesia!
Roger:
Cortesia também é conhecido como “por conta da casa”. O 
estabelecimento está cobrindo essa despesa; logo, é por conta da casa. 
Assim como as águas que acabaram de trazer. Nos Estados Unidos é 
uma cortesia ou costume trazer água para sua mesa. Mesmo que você 
não tenha pedido ou pretenda beber. Mas eu vou!
Suzie:
Sabe, estou feliz que não nos sentamos no pátio. É um lugar onde 
poderiam ter nos colocado. 
Roger:
Ainda bem!
Suzie:
Mas estaria frio demais lá.
Roger:
Eles poderiam ter nos colocado ao lado da lareira! Seria bem quente e 
confortável!
Suzie:
Teria sido ótimo! Eles poderiam ter nos colocado próximo ao bar. 
Provavelmente estaríamos bebendo algum drinque agora.
Roger:
Provavelmente teria sido muito mais rápido. Ainda estamos esperando 
por nossa comida.
Suzie:
Sim, bem...
Só um lembrete, você pode pedir o tipo de mesa que preferir. Seja 
no pátio, perto da lareira ou do bar, sinta-se à vontade de informar à 
recepcionista onde você gostaria de se sentar.
Video Script VocabularyChapter 2 Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar Activities
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31
After reading customer reviews, choosing the restaurant, and making the reservation, it is time 
to interact with the staff.
In many American restaurants, there will be a host or hostess, who is responsible for 
welcoming customers, checking reservations, and directing them to the tables. Their primary 
function is to ensure that customers are comfortable and well served.
Usually, when you arrive at a restaurant, there’s a script of interactions that you can follow while 
talking to the host or hostess. For example:
HostessHost
Good evening / Good afternoon, ma’am or sir. 
Boa-noite / Boa-tarde, senhora ou senhor. 
It’s under David Costa. 
Está em nome de David Costa.
Sorry, I don’t have a reservation. 
Desculpe, não tenho reserva.
Whose name is it under? 
Em nome de quem está a reserva?
Do you have a reservation? 
Você tem reserva?
Vocabulary
Part 2.
Chapter 2 Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar ActivitiesVocabularyVideo Script
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32
Then, if you don’t have a reservation and the restaurant is full, you 
will have to join a waiting list. To include you in the list, the host may 
ask you some questions:
Once you have your name on the list, you may have a quick interaction with the 
staff to check how long it is going to take for you to get your table:
After that, the host may ask you where you prefer to sit by saying:
To which you can answer: 
My name is (your name).
Meu nome é (seu nome).
Party of three. 
Estamos em três pessoas. 
Table for three, please. 
Mesa para três, por favor.
Excuse me, how long should it take? 
Com licença, quanto tempo deve demorar?
Can I have your name, please? 
Você pode me dizer seu nome, por favor?
How many people are there in your party?
Seu grupo é de quantas pessoas?
How many people will be joining you?
Quantas pessoas vão se juntar a você?
It won’t take long. 
Não vai demorar muito.
It may take a while.
Talvez demore um pouco.
It’s going to be about a 15-minute wait.
Deve demorar uns 15 minutos.
Would you like a table inside or outside? 
Você gostaria de uma mesa na parte interna ou externa?
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The common options are:
Can I take your coat? 
Posso guardar seu casaco? 
Can I take your hat? 
Posso guardar seu chapéu? 
By the fireplace.
Perto da lareira.
On the patio.
No pátio / Na área externa, 
nos fundos do restaurante.
By the window.
Perto da janela.
By the bar.
Perto do bar
So, if you wish to choose where you would like to seat, you can tell the hostess: 
You can replace by the window with any other option listed before. 
After choosing your table, the host may offer to store your coat or your hat:
Would you like a table inside or outside? 
Você gostaria de uma mesa na parte interna ou externa?
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34
This is very common in cold weather, when we need 
to wear heavier coats or jackets. The restaurant has 
its own place to store customers’ coats and hats, 
which is called coatroom, and you usually get a 
receipt, which you use to get your items back.
You do not need to tip the host for this service, since this is part of their assignment. But if it is an 
upscale restaurant, the coat-check attendant will be in charge of keeping the coats, so you should 
tip. US$ 2 a piece should be enough.
After that, the host will either take you to your table or send you off to the waiter or waitress, who 
will be the server responsible for accompanying you and starting the service. They can say:
Once you are seated, the servers can introduce themselves and hand you the menu:
It is customary for the server to leave so that the customer has 
privacy to choose. They can say:
Coatroom
Will you follow me this way, please?
Me acompanhe por aqui, por favor? 
Here we go. 
Vamos lá. 
Right this way. 
Por aqui.
Hello. My name is (John), I’ll be your server today. 
Olá, meu nome é (John), vou ser seu garçom hoje. 
Here is our menu. Take your time. 
Aqui está o cardápio. Leve o tempo que precisar. 
Let me know if you have any questions. 
Estou à disposição caso você tenha alguma dúvida.
I’ll be right back. / I’ll be with you shortly. 
Volto logo.
Chapter 2 Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar ActivitiesVocabularyVideo Script
While you are browsing the menu, it is customary for the server to bring 
complimentary bread and water. It is a traditional gesture of hospitality. 
So even if you don’t want it, it’s polite to thank and let the server put it on 
your table. To make sure it is on the house, just ask the server:
After a while, the server will come back to check if you have chosen, so they will probably ask:
And you can also ask for something to go with the bread until you decide 
on what to eat. You can say:
Are you ready to order? 
Está pronto para pedir?
Can I have some olive oil to go with the bread, please? 
Você pode trazer um pouco de azeite para eu colocar no pão, por favor? 
Could you bring me some butter, please? 
Você poderia trazer um pouco de manteiga, por favor?
I’ll need some more time, please. 
Vou precisar de mais tempo, por favor. 
Can I take your order? 
Posso anotar seu pedido?
Could you give me some / a couple more minutes? 
Você pode me dar mais alguns minutinhos? 
In case you haven’t, just say: 
Is it on the house? 
É por conta da casa? 
Is it complimentary? 
É cortesia?
Now you know common interactions with restaurant staff, some cultural aspects 
concerning American restaurants, and how to ask for a table in a restaurant.
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Vocabulary ActivitiesChapter 2 Vocabulary Grammar Grammar ActivitiesVideo Script
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A
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 A
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w
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9 
/ 1
 / 
8 
/ 6
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4 
/ 2
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10
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3 
/ 7
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11
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5 
/ 1
2
A
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a.
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th
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w
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do
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b.
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c.
 o
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d.
 b
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e.
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en
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– 
tim
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f. 
co
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pl
im
en
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 / 
fre
e 
/ o
n 
th
e 
ho
us
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A. Number the columns according to the translation of the words.
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.
( 1 ) By the window
( 2 ) Menu
( 3 ) Waitress
( 4 ) Waiter
( 5 ) Receipt
( 6 ) Waiting list
( 7 ) Upscale 
 restaurant
( 8 ) Coats/Jackets
( 9 ) Host/Hostess
( 10 ) Complimentary 
 bread and water
( 11 ) Right this way 
( 12 ) By the f ireplace
( ) Recepcionista 
( ) Perto da janela
( ) Casacos/Paletós
( ) Lista de espera 
( ) Garçom
( ) Cardápio
( ) Pão e água de 
 cortesia
( ) Garçonete
( ) Restaurante de luxo
( ) Por aqui 
( ) Recibo
( ) Perto da lareira 
a) I would like a table .
 Eu gostaria de uma mesa perto da janela.
b) Let me know if you have any .
 Estou à disposição caso você tenha alguma dúvida. 
c) Are you ready to ?
 Está pronto para pedir?
d) Could you bring me some , please?
 Você poderia trazer um pouco de manteiga, por favor? 
e) Here is our . Take your .
 Aqui está o cardápio. Leve o tempo que precisar.
f) Is it ?
 É cortesia?
Part 3.
ActivitiesVocabulary
Vocabulary Activities GrammarChapter 2 Vocabulary Grammar ActivitiesVideo Script
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37
After learning the f irst interactions in the restaurant, it is time to study some grammar to help 
you interact with the vocabulary we have seen.
Let’s begin with the simple past of the verb to be. The simple past refers to actions that started 
and ended at a specif ic time in the past.
We saw that the verb to be in the present has an irregular conjugation, and the past is just the 
same. Let’s take a look:
Notice that only the negative form will accept contractions. 
Let’s see some restaurant reviews with sentences in the simple past of the verb to be: 
SIMPLE PAST – VERB TO BE 
 AFFIRMATIVE FORM
 I was We/you/they were
 You were
 He/she/it was
 NEGATIVE FORM
 I was not / I wasn’t We/you/they were not / weren’t 
 You were not / you weren’t 
 He/she/it was not / wasn’t
 INTERROGATIVE FORM
 Was I…? Were we/you/they…?
 Were you…?
 Was he/she/it…?
The restaurant was packed! 
O restaurante estava lotado! 
Part 4.
Grammar
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As you can see, there are only two variations of the verb to be in the past: was and were. 
And we can use the same conjugations to talk about existence in the past. We have 
just covered the topic there + be in the present in the last chapter. Now check out 
these examples in the past:
As you can see, we use there was to talk about the existence of singular nouns in the 
past. And we use there were to talk about the existence of plural nouns in the past.
In order to make the negative and interrogative forms, we follow the same logic as 
when we use there + be in the present. Take a look: 
The food wasn’t that good. And the restrooms weren’t very clean. 
A comida não estava tão boa. E os banheiros não estavam muito limpos. 
The hostess and the waiters were really friendly. 
A recepcionista e os garçons foram muito simpáticos.
There was a friendly hostess at the restaurant. 
Tinha/Havia uma recepcionista simpática no restaurante. 
There were many people at the restaurant. 
Tinham/Havia muitas pessoas no restaurante. 
THERE + BE
Past
Affirmative Form
There was + Singular Noun + Complement
There were + Plural Noun + Complement
Negative Form
There wasn’t + Singular Noun + Complement
There weren’t + Plural Noun + Complement
THERE + BE
Past
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39
Interrogative Form
Was there + Singular Noun + Complement
Were there + Plural Noun + Complement
Notice that to make the negative form we add not, whereas to make 
the interrogative form we invert the position of there and to be in the 
sentence. In all forms, we used the conjugation of the verb to be in the past.
Now, when we ask about existence in the past using what, just as we did 
with there + be in thepresent, we will have to use the verb in the third 
person singular: was. Look:
What was there at the restaurant? 
O que tinha/havia no restaurante? 
What were there at the restaurant?
O que tinham no restaurante? 
THERE + BE
Past
Since we do not know what there was, we must ask the question in the singular 
form. That’s why we must say: What was there. 
The complement of these sentences may vary a little. However, it is usually an 
indication of location. To ask questions about location we use the question word 
where. Let’s take a look at some examples:
WHERE + THERE + BE
Where is there a nice restaurant around here? 
Onde tem um restaurante legal por aqui? 
There is a nice restaurant down the street.
Tem/Há um restaurante legal descendo a rua.
As you can see, we just follow the regular structure of questions with question 
words: question word + interrogative form. 
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Here we use there are because restaurants is a plural noun. The complement of 
the sentence describes the place where the restaurants are: downtown.
If we make a question using what, the piece of information we won’t have is many 
restaurants. That means we can’t include many restaurants in the question, 
because we don’t have that information. So, we form the question as follows:
The MLS is the youngest American major league.
A MLS é a liga mais jovem entre as principais ligas americanas.
In this case, since we are referring to bars and 
restaurants, the question must be asked in the 
plural: where are there. 
Let’s analyze another example so as to 
understand this question formation a bit better:
There are many good restaurants downtown.
Tem muitos restaurantes bons no centro da cidade.
As we have seen, questions with what and there + be must be asked in the 
singular. But when we use where followed by there + be, we can either ask it in 
the singular or in the plural, depending on what we are referring to. Compare:
WHERE + THERE + BE
Where are there nice bars and restaurants around here? 
Onde há/tem bares e restaurantes legais por aqui? 
There are some downtown.
Tem/Há alguns no centro da cidade.
It becomes clear that the noun defines if we can use there is or there are. 
If we don’t know the noun, we can’t say if it is singular or plural, so the 
question will always be in the singular. 
But the answer can be either in the plural or singular forms, agreeing with 
the noun, like in:
There are many good restaurants downtown.
Tem muitos restaurantes bons no centro da cidade.
Chapter 2 Vocabulary Grammar ActivitiesGrammarVocabulary ActivitiesVideo Script
On the other hand, if we ask a question with where, the 
piece of information we don’t have is downtown. We 
are talking about many restaurants, but we don’t know 
where they are. Since we know we are talking about 
something in the plural, we ask in the plural: 
Where are there good restaurants?
Onde tem bons restaurantes?
Once again, the noun defines the verb: for a noun in the plural, we must use a verb in the plural.
We can also use where to ask any question about location with other verbs rather than 
the expression there + be. Let’s see some examples with the verb to be:
Where is the restaurant? 
Onde é o restaurante? 
Where was the restaurant? 
Onde era o restaurante? 
Where are my keys? 
Onde estão as minhas chaves?
Where were my keys? 
Onde estavam as minhas chaves?
WHERE + INTERROGATIVE FORM
As you can see, we use where + the interrogative form. 
Now you know how to use the verb to be, how to talk about existence in the past, 
and how to ask questions with where. If you want to learn more about these topics, 
check the Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE 
Simple Past – Verb To Be Page 252 w
There + Be Page 256 w
Question Word Where Page 228 w
There is a great Chinese restaurant downtown.
Tem um restaurante chinês excelente no centro da cidade.
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Grammar ActivitiesChapter 2 Vocabulary GrammarVocabulary ActivitiesVideo Script
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42
Part 5.
ActivitiesGrammar
a) There are many good restaurants downtown.
 Tem muitos restaurantes bons no centro da cidade.
 
b) Your keys are on the table.
 Suas chaves estão em cima da mesa.
 
c) There are some nice bars downtown.
 Há alguns bares legais no centro da cidade.
 
d) There was a great Chinese restaurant downtown.
 Tinha um restaurante chinês ótimo no centro da cidade.
 
e) The restaurant was downtown.
 O restaurante era no centro da cidade.
 
A. Rewrite the sentences according to the instructions.
Chapter 2 Vocabulary GrammarVocabulary ActivitiesVideo Script Grammar Activities
A
ct
iv
ity
 B
 –
 A
ns
w
er
s
a.
 T
he
re
 w
as
 
b.
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as
 th
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c.
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re
 w
er
e 
d.
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e.
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er
e 
f. 
ar
e
g.
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 th
er
e
d.
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re
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as
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e 
a 
gr
ea
t C
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se
 
re
st
au
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nt
?
e.
 W
he
re
 w
as
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e 
 
 
 re
st
au
ra
nt
?
A
ct
iv
ity
 A
 –
 A
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w
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s
a.
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he
re
 a
re
 th
er
e 
go
od
 re
st
au
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nt
s?
b.
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re
 a
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ke
ys
?
c.
 W
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re
 a
re
 th
er
e 
(s
om
e)
 n
ic
e 
ba
rs
?
Notes
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate verb.
a) a friendly hostess at the restaurant. 
 Tinha uma recepcionista simpática no restaurante.
b) What at the restaurant? 
 O que havia no restaurante?
c) many people at the restaurant. 
 Tinham muitas pessoas no restaurante.
d) Where the restaurant? 
 Onde é o restaurante?
e) What downtown?
 O que tem no centro da cidade?
f) Where my keys? 
 Onde estão as minhas chaves?
g) What in the restaurant menu?
 O que tem no cardápio do restaurante?
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3Menu.
Chapter 3 Vocabulary Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar Activities
45
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[At the table]
Suzie:
Hey, guys! So, it’s time to order food, which can feel really overwhelming 
when you’re looking at this menu with all of these items listed.
Roger:
And it’s double-sided to boot!
Suzie:
Both sides! And some things you’ll look at and you won’t even know 
what the word means!
Roger:
Yeah, like, a great example: I’m looking at a salad and it’s a fresh-corn 
grilled salad. What does that mean? Just pull out your phone! Put the 
items into your Google and look at images that come up with said search.
Suzie:
You could ask your server.
Roger:
Right.
Suzie:
But if you ask your server, they may give an explanation that doesn’t 
make sense to you. So it’s probably easier to just punch it into your 
phone and look at the image!
Roger:
It doesn’t hurt to try. Speaking of try, I think I’m going to try this Greek salad!
MENU
Once you got seated, it is time to explore the menu and choose what to eat 
or drink. It may be a diff icult task depending on the size of the menu and the 
description of the food. But you have nothing to worry about, as we will cover the 
many different possibilities in the menu in this chapter.
Take a look at the script of Menu:
Part 1.
Video Script
Chapter 3 Vocabulary Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar Activities
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46
Suzie:
What are Kalamata olives? Rog, why don’t you look it up on your phone?
Roger:
I would love to do that for you, Suzie!
[Analyzing the menu]
Roger:
So, it’s a typical menu that you’d f ind in most restaurants. Soup, salads, 
a kid’s menu, which is usually a smaller sample of what are our favorite 
adult dishes that are on the menu. Specialty plates, which could range 
anywhere from like a chef’s special, chicken, seafood, steak. Now we’ve got 
sandwiches, pasta…Pizza, which I love. Side dishes, which can be a couple 
or might be up to f ifty items! So, you got things like grilled vegetables, 
carrots, squash, mashed potatoes, coleslaw, and even bread. And these 
two sections, the salads and the pasta, you choose which salad or which 
pasta you would like and then on topof that, your choice would be to add a 
protein. So, you’ve got chicken, steak, shrimp, tofu, and salmon.
Suzie:
The other thing is some of these items are in half orders, as well as full 
orders. So, there’s a Caesar salad and a green salad, they come in half 
orders, as well as a full order. The half order is US$6.45, the full order is 
US$9.95. How hungry are you, Roger?
Roger:
I’m actually really hungry, and that’s why I’m looking at these specialty 
plates right now, where you have a choice, on top of a choice, on top 
of a choice! That’s right, you heard it right! And then the last section on 
this menu are beverages. So, meaning your soda, iced tea, lemonade, 
juices, water and sometimes alcoholic beverages. And there are times 
when you actually have a separate menu that’s just for those types of 
beverages.
Suzie:
I’m ready to order!
Roger:
Me too! Where is Tom?
Suzie:
Tom?
Roger:
We haven’t seen him in, like, an hour!
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CARDÁPIO
[À mesa]
Suzie:
Oi, pessoal! Chegou a hora de fazer o pedido, o que pode ser um pouco 
impactante quando você olha para esse cardápio com todas essas 
opções.
Roger:
E, ainda por cima, ele tem pratos na frente e no verso das folhas!
Suzie:
De ambos os lados! E você pode olhar para algumas coisas e não saber 
qual o signif icado das palavras!
Roger:
Sim, um ótimo exemplo: estou vendo uma salada, é uma salada 
de milho verde grelhado. O que pode ser isso? Pegue seu celular, 
pesquise essas palavras no Google e veja as imagens que aparecem 
na sua pesquisa!
Suzie:
Você também pode perguntar ao garçom.
Roger:
Certo.
Suzie:
Mas, caso você pergunte, talvez ele dê uma explicação que não faça 
muito sentido para você. Logo, provavelmente é mais fácil usar seu 
celular e olhar as imagens!
Roger:
Não custa experimentar. Falando em experimentar, acho que vou provar 
essa salada grega!
Suzie:
O que são azeitonas Kalamata? Rog, por que você não pesquisa no seu 
telefone?
Roger:
Adoraria fazer isso para você, Suzie!
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[Analisando o cardápio]
Roger:
Esse é um típico cardápio que você encontra na maioria dos 
restaurantes. Sopas, saladas... Um cardápio infantil, em que geralmente 
há porções menores dos pratos dos adultos mais populares no cardápio. 
Pratos especiais, que vão desde um especial do chef, até frango, frutos 
do mar, bifes. Aqui temos sanduíches, massas... Pizza, que eu amo. 
Acompanhamentos, que podem ir de dois até cinquenta itens! Há coisas 
como legumes grelhados, cenoura, abóbora, purê de batata, salada 
de repolho, e até pão. E, nessas duas partes, as saladas e as massas, 
você escolhe qual salada ou tipo de massa você quer. Além disso, você 
também tem a opção de adicionar uma proteína. Temos frango, bife, 
camarão, tofu e salmão.
Suzie:
Outra coisa é que alguns desses itens estão disponíveis em meia 
porção, assim como em porção inteira. Então, temos uma salada Caesar 
e uma salada verde, disponíveis em meia porção ou porção inteira. A 
meia porção custa US$6,45, e a inteira, US$9,95. Qual é o tamanho da 
sua fome, Roger?
Roger:
Estou com muita fome! E é por isso que estou dando uma olhada nos 
especiais, em que você escolhe três itens para montar seu prato. É isso 
mesmo, você ouviu bem! E na última parte deste cardápio temos as 
bebidas. Os refrigerantes, chá gelado, limonada, sucos, água e, às vezes, 
bebidas alcóolicas. Às vezes, há cardápios separados somente para 
esses tipos de bebida.
Suzie:
Estou pronta para fazer o meu pedido!
Roger:
Eu também! Cadê o Tom?
Suzie:
Tom?
Roger:
Não vemos ele faz uma hora!
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As you have learned in the previous chapters, there are many possibilities when you think about 
going out to eat. Because of that, there are many kinds of menu around, and each one is built 
according to the restaurant style. Even so, there are some terms commonly used in the U.S. for 
the sections of the menu. 
Most menus begin with the appetizers section. In casual restaurants, it may be called starters 
or snacks. Some of the most common appetizers in the U.S. are:
APPETIZERS
Chicken wings
Asinhas de frango
Deviled eggs
Ovos cozidos apimentados 
Garlic bread
Pão de alho
Crab cakes
Bolinhos de caranguejo
Vocabulary
Part 2.
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How many people does this dish serve? 
Quantas pessoas esse prato serve?
How big is the portion? 
Qual é o tamanho da porção? 
U.S. restaurants are famous for serving generous portions. If you want to 
order an appetizer and a main dish, check the size of the portions f irst:
If you have kids, look for the kid’s menu section, which has kid-friendly dishes in smaller portions, especially 
thought for the little ones.
Going back to the regular menu, right after the appetizers, some menus have the soups and salads section. 
The most common salad is the Caesar salad, which may come in different versions:
So, if you think that a full portion, or full order, is too much, you may 
ask if the restaurant serves a half portion, which is also called a half 
order. In this case, just ask the server: 
Can I have this dish in a half portion? 
Posso pedir meia porção desse prato?
CAESAR SALAD
Classic 
Clássica
With grilled chicken 
Com frango grelhado
With shrimp
Com camarão 
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The top-three most ordered soups are: 
Some restaurants accept alterations to their dishes, no matter the reason. 
So, if you don’t like an ingredient or have any kind of food allergy or 
intolerance, you may ask if the dish you want contains such an ingredient:
After soups and salads there is the main course section, which can also be called 
main dish or entrée, which is the most common name in the U.S. 
Is there garlic in the tomato soup? 
Tem alho na sopa de tomate?
Can I make any alterations to this dish? 
Posso fazer alguma alteração nesse prato? 
Can you make the tomato soup without garlic? 
Você pode fazer a sopa de tomates sem alho?
Can I ask for the salad dressing on the side? 
Posso pedir o molho da salada à parte? 
SOUPS
Chicken noodle soup
Sopa de frango com 
macarrão
Tomato soup
Sopa de tomate
Clam chowder
Creme de vôngole 
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In general, this section contains pasta, stews, and dishes with a type of meat—usually 
poultry, beef, pork, or fish. Some restaurants may have a seafood section as well:
ENTRÉES
Pasta
Massas
Beef
Carne bovina
Seafood
Frutos do mar
Stew
Ensopado
Pork
Carne de porco
Poultry
Aves
Fish
Peixe
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Notice that, in English, the living animal is called a pig, but when we refer to its meat, 
we say pork. The same goes for red meat: the living animal is called an ox, and its 
meat is beef. Steak is the name used for a type of cut applied to the meat.
The previous examples are types of proteins, and they usually come with a preset 
option of vegetables and carb, such as potatoes or rice. These items may also be in 
a different section of the menu called sides or side dishes.
COMMON SIDE DISHES
Rice
Arroz
Sides / Side dishes
Acompanhamentos
Vegetables
Legumes e verduras 
Potatoes 
Batatas
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Some restaurants will let you customize your dish by picking the protein and the sides from 
several items on a list, in a system called build your own meal. 
Hamburgers, pizzas, sandwiches, and hot dogs are also among Americans’ favorites, and 
generallycome in separate menu sections. 
Local restaurants sometimes offer regional dishes and become famous for those. If you visit a 
place like this, you have to try the specialties or signature items. If you go to New Orleans, for 
example, you must taste gumbo, which is considered the off icial dish of Louisiana state. And if 
you go to Texas, you have to try the Texan barbecue, which is different from any other. 
AMERICANS’ FAVORITES 
SPECIALTIES
Pizza
Texan barbecue 
Hot dogs
Hamburger
Gumbo
Sandwiches
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If you wish to split a dish with someone, check if the restaurant allows it, 
and if there are any extra charges for that: 
If you decide to split the meal, the original portion will be served on two different 
plates. But if you go to a place with family-size portions, or family-style, 
you shouldn’t say split. In that case, we say share. The meal will be served in 
platters, and you should tell the server the quantity of plates you need: 
After the main dishes, the menu will probably have a desserts section. The most traditional desserts in the U.S. are:
Can I split this meal with my friend? 
Posso dividir essa refeição com o meu amigo? 
We’ll be needing four plates, please. 
Vamos precisar de quatro pratos, por favor. 
Is there an extra charge if we split the meal? 
Vocês cobram taxa extra se dividirmos a refeição?
We’d like to share this dish. Could you bring us four plates, please? 
Gostaríamos de compartilhar esse prato. Você poderia nos trazer quatro pratos, por favor? 
AMERICAN DESSERTS
Apple pie
Torta de maçã
Ice cream 
Sorvete
Cheesecake
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Pecan pie
Torta de noz-pecã 
Carrot cake 
Bolo de cenoura
Another section most menus have is the drinks section, which is also 
called refreshments or beverages. It may have subsections with 
alcoholic drinks and non-alcoholic drinks. 
There may also be a wine list or wine menu. Some fancy restaurants 
allow customers to bring their own bottles of wine, but they charge a 
corkage fee. You can check that by asking: 
Some restaurants may have rather specific names for their dishes. If you 
wish to know more about them, ask the server: 
How much is the corkage fee? 
Quanto custa a taxa de rolha? 
What is it made of? 
Esse prato é feito de quê?
What’s in this dish, please? 
Esse prato leva o quê, por favor? 
Now you know the sections of the menu, the most common foods and drinks 
in American restaurants, and how to ask questions about the menu. 
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A
ct
iv
ity
 A
 –
 A
ns
w
er
s
9 
/ 6
 / 
5 
/ 1
2 
/ 1
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/ 7
 / 
1 
/ 1
1 
/ 4
 / 
2 
/ 8
 / 
3
A
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– 
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A. Number the columns according to the translation of the words.
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.
( 1 ) Type of meat
( 2 ) Main courses 
 Main dishes / 
 Entrées
( 3 ) Sides / Side dishes
( 4 ) Wine list / Wine 
menu
( 5 ) Sections of 
 the menu
( 6 ) Server
( 7 ) Alterations
( 8 ) Seafood
( 9 ) Restaurant style
( 10 ) Platter
( 11 ) Desserts
( 12 ) Full portion / 
Full order
( ) Estilo do restaurante
( ) Garçom/Garçonete
( ) Seções do cardápio
( ) Porção inteira 
( ) Travessa
( ) Alterações no prato
( ) Tipo de carne
( ) Sobremesas
( ) Carta de vinhos
( ) Pratos principais
( ) Frutos do mar
( ) Acompanhamentos
a) How big is the ?
 Qual o tamanho da porção?
b) Can I this with my friend? 
 Posso dividir essa refeição com o meu amigo?
c) Can I make any to this ? 
 Posso fazer alguma alteração nesse prato?
d) How much is the ?
 Quanto custa a taxa de rolha?
e) Can I ask for the salad on the ? 
 Posso pedir o molho da salada à parte?
f) Is there in the soup? 
 Tem alho na sopa de tomate?
Part 3.
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After learning the different sections of a menu and its dishes, now you can focus on some 
important grammar topics to help you fully live this experience. And we will start on how to 
express quantity. The f irst thing you should know when talking about quantity is that there are 
countable and uncountable nouns.
Countable nouns can be counted. Therefore, they have both singular and plural forms, and we can 
use numbers to express their quantity. Check some examples out:
COUNTABLE NOUNS 
Three chicken wings
Três asinhas de frango
Two hamburgers
Dois hambúrgueres
One chicken wing 
Uma asinha de frango
One hamburger 
Um hambúrguer
Part 4.
Grammar
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Chicken wings and hamburgers are countable because we can count them. 
When we don’t know the exact quantity, it is not possible to use numbers, so we 
will use other kinds of quantifiers. These words express quantities in general, not 
an exact amount. For example:
Uncountable nouns are impossible to count. We cannot count meat, but we count kilos or 
pounds of meat. We cannot count water, but we count liters or gallons of water. Have a look 
at some examples of uncountable nouns: 
QUANTIFIERS – COUNTABLE NOUNS
Large quantity: MANY / LOTS OF / A LOT OF
Grande quantidade: MUITOS/MUITAS
There are many options on the menu. 
There are lots of options on the menu.
There are a lot of options on the menu. 
Tem muitas opções no cardápio. 
Small quantity: FEW
Pouca quantidade: POUCOS/POUCAS
There are few customers at the restaurant. 
Tem poucos clientes no restaurante. 
COUNTABLE NOUNS 
Kilos/Pounds of meat
Quilos/Libras de carne
Meat
Carne
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But we can use quantifiers with uncountable nouns. We can refer to large or small 
quantities. Have a look:
As you can see, lots of and a lot of can be used with both countable and 
uncountable nouns, and they mean the same. However, the quantif ier little can 
only be used with uncountable nouns. 
When we say little salt and little olive oil, we are referring to small quantities. In 
other contexts, little can mean a small size, such as in little child.
Liters/Gallons of water
Litros/Galões de água
Water 
Água
QUANTIFIERS – UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Large quantity: LOTS OF / A LOT OF
Grande quantidade: MUITO/MUITA 
There is a lot of salt in the French fries.
There is lots of salt in the French fries. 
Tem muito sal nas batatas fritas.
Small quantity: LITTLE
Pequena quantidade: POUCO/POUCA
There is little olive oil in the salad. 
Tem pouco azeite na salada. 
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When we use little to talk about size, we generally use it with 
countable nouns. But when we talk about quantity, we must use it 
with uncountable nouns. Compare: 
Much is another quantif ier that can only be used with uncountable 
nouns. It expresses large quantities, but it is mainly used in sentences 
in the negative form. For example:
As you can see, the example conveys a negative idea regarding the 
amount, that is, it expresses an idea of insufficient quantity.
It is also possible to use the expression too much. For example: 
Little boy
Menino pequeno
Little window
Janela pequena
Little tables
Mesas pequenas
SIZE
Tamanho
Little time
Pouco tempo
Little money
Pouco dinheiro
Little sugar
Pouco açúcar
QUANTITY
Quantidade
QUANTIFIERS – UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS 
Large quantity: MUCH
Grande quantidade: MUITO/MUITA
There isn’tmuch pepper in the dish. 
Não tem muita pimenta no prato.
QUANTIFIERS – UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS 
More than sufficient quantity: TOO MUCH 
Quantidade mais do que suficiente: DEMAIS 
There is too much sugar in the juice. 
Tem açúcar demais no suco. 
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How many people does this dish serve?
Quantas pessoas esse prato serve? 
As you can see in the example, too much means more than enough, and it is 
commonly used in affirmative sentences. 
Now let’s see how to form questions related to quantity. In order to do it, we 
will need two variations of the question word how: how many, to ask about 
countable nouns, and how much for uncountable nouns. Take a look: 
Questions about quantity with there + be are quite common. But we can also ask 
questions with other verbs to express different ideas. For example:
In this example, we are using the simple present. In this case, the main verb is to 
serve. Since the main verb is not to be, it is necessary to use the auxiliary verb 
does to ask the question. 
Let’s see how the other verbs are conjugated in the simple present. The basic 
structure of the sentence in the aff irmative is the same as the one with verb to 
be, so we have:
Countable Nouns
How many deviled eggs are there in this portion? 
Quantos ovos cozidos apimentados vêm nessa porção? 
Uncountable Nouns
How much sauce is there in the portion of chicken wings? 
Quanto molho vem na porção de asinhas de frango? 
QUESTIONS ABOUT QUANTITY
Affirmative Form
SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Americans love chicken wings. 
Americanos amam asinhas de frango. 
SIMPLE PRESENT – OTHER VERBS
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The basic structure of the sentence in the simple present will always be like this. 
Only the conjugation of the verb changes in the third person singular. 
When the subject is equivalent to I, you, we, and they, the verb conjugation is the 
same as the verb in its base form. But if the subject is in the third person singular, 
that is, he, she, and it, the main verb conjugation will end in -s, -es, or -ies.
Let’s see some examples:
As you can see, the verbs want and look were conjugated by adding a suffix, 
because they are related to subjects in the third person singular, whereas the verbs 
love and have remained in their base form. 
Now when we change these sentences into the negative and interrogative forms, 
we need to include the auxiliary verb do. This auxiliary is used with all verbs in the 
simple present in the negative and interrogative forms, except with the verb to be. 
It is important to mention that the auxiliary verb do carries no meaning; it only helps 
to make the negative and interrogative forms. Take a look at the basic structure of all 
forms of the simple present:
SIMPLE PRESENT
I love seafood, but Mary wants to eat meat.
Eu adoro frutos do mar, mas Mary quer comer carne.
The pasta looks delicious, but we want to have fish today.
A massa parece deliciosa, mas nós queremos comer peixe hoje.
Negative Form
SUBJECT + AUXILIARY VERB + NOT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
Sujeito + Verbo Auxiliar + Not + Verbo Principal + Complemento
They do not (don’t) like chicken wings.
Eles não gostam de asinhas de frango.
Affirmative Form
SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
They like chicken wings.
Eles gostam de asinhas de frango.
SIMPLE PRESENT – OTHER VERBS
Chapter 3 Vocabulary Grammar ActivitiesGrammarVocabulary ActivitiesVideo Script
Interrogative Form
AUXILIARY VERB + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
Verbo Auxiliar + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Do they like chicken wings?
Eles gostam de asinhas de frango?
Interrogative Form
AUXILIARY VERB + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
Does he like chicken wings?
Ele gosta de asinhas de frango?
In the third person singular, the conjugation of the main verb goes to the auxiliary 
verb, which becomes does. As for the main verb, it will be kept in its base form. 
Let’s see some examples:
As you can see, the sentence structure remains the same, regardless of the subject. 
What changes is the conjugation of the main verb in the aff irmative form, and the 
conjugation of the auxiliary verb in the negative and interrogative forms.
Negative Form
SUBJECT + AUXILIARY VERB + NOT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
He does not (doesn’t) like chicken wings.
Ele não gosta de asinhas de frango.
Affirmative Form
SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
He likes chicken wings.
Ele gosta de asinhas de frango.
SIMPLE PRESENT – OTHER VERBS
Now you know a bit more about countable 
and uncountable nouns, as well as how to use 
quantifiers, the question word how, and how to 
use the simple present with other verbs. If you 
want to learn more about these topics, 
check the Grammar Guide at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE 
Countable Nouns Page 178 w
Uncountable Nouns Page 178 w
Quantifiers Page 183 w
Question Word How Page 215 w
Simple Present – Other Verbs Page 246 w
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B. Rewrite the sentences according to the instructions.
a) Americans love chicken wings. 
 Americanos amam asinhas de frango.
 Interrogative Form:
 
Part 5.
ActivitiesGrammar
a) There are options on the menu.
 Tem muitas opções no meu.
b) There are customers at the restaurant. 
 Tem poucos clientes no restaurante. 
c) There is salt in the French fries. 
 Tem muito sal nas batatas fritas.
d) There isn’t pepper in the dish. 
 Não tem muita pimenta no prato.
e) There is olive oil in the salad. 
 Tem pouco azeite na salada.
f) sauce is there in the portion of chicken wings? 
 Quanto molho vem na porção de asinhas de frango?
g) deviled eggs are there in this portion? 
 Quantos ovos cozidos apimentados vêm nessa porção?
A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate quantifier.
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b) I love seafood.
 Eu adoro frutos do mar.
 Negative Form:
 
c) Do they like pizza?
 Eles gostam de pizza?
 Affirmative Form:
 
d) He does not eat chicken.
 Ele não come frango.
 Interrogative Form:
 
e) Mary wants to eat meat.
 Mary quer comer carne.
 Negative Form:
 
f) The cheesecake looks delicious.
 O cheesecake parece delicioso.
 Interrogative Form:
 
g) We don’t want to have salad today.
 Nós não queremos comer salada hoje.
 Affirmative Form:
 
A
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4Ordering.
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[At the table]
Suzie:
Do you know what you’re going to order?
Roger:
I think so, I just have a few questions.
Suzie:
Me too.
Tom (server):
Can I help you, guys?
Roger:
Yeah, I’ve got a couple of questions.
Tom (server):
OK!
Suzie:
Just remember, when you’re getting your server’s attention, not to shout 
loudly or wave your arms wildly. All you have to do is look around for 
your server, make eye contact and maybe give him a little wave. Just 
be polite and remember that they’ll be with you shortly. I have a few 
questions too.
Tom (server):OK, what can I help you with?
Suzie:
Which one out of these two is better?
ORDERING
Once you have browsed the menu and decided what you want to eat, it is time to 
place the order. In this chapter, you will learn some sentences and structures that 
will help you out and get you ready to order anywhere in America. 
Take a look at the script of Ordering. 
Part 1.
Video Script
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Tom (server):
It depends on how hungry you are. Do you want something more f illing 
or a little lighter?
Suzie:
I’m pretty hungry.
Tom (server):
OK, then I would probably go with the Southwestern salad, maybe add 
some chicken to that.
Suzie:
OK, and how big is that portion?
Tom (server):
It comes over a normal plate that’s about this big; maybe it’s enough to 
share if you want it.
Roger:
Suzie has started asking questions. So, some of those questions that 
you might ask, which you just saw Suzie do, are about the portion 
size. She wants to know how much she’s going to get for what she’s 
paying for said product on the menu. Another thing that you might ask 
about are the ingredients. So, “Is this gluten-free?” or you can also ask, 
“Can I get this gluten-free?” or, “Is this vegan or vegetarian?” And also, 
“Is it dairy-free?” And f inally, you might want to ask about additions 
and subtractions to special items on your menu, “Can I get this with 
asparagus on the side?” or, “Could I have this without broccoli?” Let’s 
see what else she’s asking.
Tom (server):
We were talking about desserts. Would you want to order a dessert, 
maybe?
Roger:
No, but I heard there’s a free wine tasting.
Suzie:
Roger, I think I’m ready to order.
Roger:
What are we splitting?
Suzie:
Grilled corn! Tom, can I ask you a favor? Can we do separate checks?
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Tom (server):
Yeah, that’s no problem.
Roger:
Hey, guys, let’s talk about split checks. Let’s say you’re going with your 
family and friends out for a meal, and you sit down and you’re all going 
to split the check. No one is just picking up the whole tab. There’s a 
couple of options you can choose. You can wait until the bill comes to 
you at the end of the night, and you each decide on your own how much 
you owe on said bill. There’s a second option. You can always ask your 
server, “Hey, can you please split the check for us?” It’s much easier to 
do this and less of a hassle for everybody at the table. But one thing 
you do want to remember is you want to request this as soon as you 
sit down. If you wait until the end of the meal, it’s a huge inconvenience 
for your server, and it can be looked upon as rude. So remember: if you 
want to split that check, do so at the beginning of the meal.
Tom (server):
Are you guys ready to order?
Suzie:
I’ll have the green salad; the full order, please.
Tom (server):
Absolutely! What kind of dressing would you like?
Suzie:
I’ll have the house dressing on the side, please.
Tom (server):
Anything else?
Suzie:
And I’ll have a side of the asparagus.
Roger:
Babe, that sounds good! I’m eating that right off your plate!
Tom (server):
For you?
Roger:
I think I’ll have the skirt steak specialty plate, with two sides.
Tom (server):
OK, what two sides would you like?
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Roger:
I’ll have the brown rice and the garlic roasted potatoes.
Tom (server):
Can I get you something to drink? 
Suzie:
I’ll have an apple juice, please.
Tom (server):
OK; and for you, sir?
Roger:
Orange juice.
Tom (server):
Great! Can I get you guys anything else?
Suzie:
No.
Roger:
I think we’re good!
Tom (server):
Alright, I’ll be right back with those drinks!
Suzie:
Thank you!
Roger:
Is that all?
Suzie:
I think we wait.
Roger:
I hope we don’t wait too long!
Suzie:
I hope so too!
Roger:
Starving...
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FAZENDO O PEDIDO
[À mesa]
Suzie:
Você já sabe o que vai pedir?
Roger:
Acho que sim, só tenho algumas perguntas.
Suzie:
Eu também.
Tom (garçom):
Posso ajudá-los?
Roger:
Sim, eu tenho algumas perguntas.
Tom (garçom):
OK!
Suzie:
Lembre-se: quando você quiser chamar a atenção do seu garçom, você 
não precisa gritar ou f icar fazendo sinais com os braços. Tudo o que 
você precisa fazer é procurar pelo seu garçom, fazer contato visual com 
ele e acenar. Seja educado, e lembre-se que logo ele estará com você. 
Eu tenho algumas perguntas também.
Tom (garçom):
OK, em que posso ajudar?
Suzie:
Quais dessas opções é a melhor?
Tom (garçom):
Depende do tamanho da sua fome; você quer algo mais bem servido ou 
algo mais leve?
Suzie:
Estou com bastante fome.
Tom (garçom):
OK; então, eu escolheria a salada Southwerstern, talvez com uma 
porção de frango.
Suzie:
OK, qual é o tamanho dessa porção?
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Tom (garçom):
Ela vem em um prato normal, mais ou menos desse tamanho; talvez seja 
o bastante para vocês compartilharem, caso queiram.
Roger:
A Suzie começou a fazer perguntas. Talvez você faça algumas destas 
perguntas que vimos a Suzie acabar de fazer, como perguntar sobre 
o tamanho da porção. Ela quer saber quanta comida vai receber pelo 
preço que ela está pagando pelo prato. Outra coisa a se perguntar são 
os ingredientes. Então: “Isso é sem glúten?”. Ou você pode perguntar: 
“Posso pedir isso sem glúten?”. Ou “Isso é vegano ou vegetariano?”. E 
também: “Isso é sem lactose?”. Finalmente, você talvez queira perguntar 
sobre retirar ou adicionar ingredientes aos itens especiais no cardápio: 
“Posso pedir isso com uma porção de aspargos?”, ou “Posso pedir isso 
sem brócolis?”. Vejamos o que ela está perguntando.
Tom (garçom):
Estávamos conversando sobre a sobremesa; você quer pedir uma 
sobremesa?
Roger:
Não, mas ouvi dizer que tem uma degustação de vinhos de graça.
Suzie:
Roger, acho que estou pronta para fazer meu pedido!
Roger:
O que vamos dividir?
Suzie:
Milho grelhado! Tom, posso pedir um favor? Podemos separar as 
contas?
Tom (garçom):
Sem problemas!
Roger:
Pessoal, vamos falar sobre contas separadas. Digamos que você saia 
para comer com sua família ou amigos, e vocês todos vão dividir a conta. 
Ninguém vai pagar a conta toda. Você tem duas opções: você pode 
esperar a conta ao f inal da refeição para que então cada um decida 
quanto deve pagar. Mas há também uma segunda opção, que é pedir 
ao garçom: “Oi, você pode separar a conta para nós, por favor?”. É muito 
mais fácil fazer isso, e muito menos trabalhoso para todos na mesa. 
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Mas algo que você deve lembrar é de fazer esse pedido assim que você 
se sentar à mesa. Se você esperar até o f inal da refeição, isso vira um 
grande inconveniente para seu garçom, e pode ser considerado falta de 
educação. Portanto, lembre: caso você queira contas separadas, informe 
isso no início da refeição.
Tom (garçom):
Vocês estão prontos para pedir?
Suzie:
Eu vou querer a salada verde. A porção completa, por favor.
Tom (garçom):
É claro! De que tipo de molho você gostaria?
Suzie:
Eu vou quero o molho da casa à parte, por favor.
Tom (garçom):
Algo mais?
Suzie:
Vou querer uma porção de aspargos.
Roger:
Meu bem, isso parece delicioso! Vou comer isso direto do seu prato!
Tom (garçom):
E para você?
Roger:
Eu acho que vou querer o especial de bife de fraldinha, com dois 
acompanhamentos.
Tom (garçom):
OK, de quais acompanhamentos você gostaria?
Roger:
Eu vou querer o arroz integral e as batatas assadas com alho.
Tom (garçom):
Você gostaria de beber algo?
Suzie:
Eu vou querer um suco de maçã, por favor!
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Tom (garçom):
OK, e o senhor?Roger:
Suco de laranja.
Tom (garçom):
Ótimo! Algo mais?
Suzie:
Não!
Roger:
Acho que é isso mesmo!
Tom (garçom):
Muito bem, eu já volto com suas bebidas.
Suzie:
Obrigada!
Roger:
Somente isso?
Suzie:
Acho que agora é só esperar.
Roger:
Espero que não demore demais!
Suzie:
Eu também!
Roger:
Morrendo de fome...
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After getting to know the menu and having your questions answered, you can place 
your order. The server will probably be nearby, so just nod your head slightly or 
make a hand gesture to call their attention so they come to the table. When the server 
approaches the table, they may say:
Notice that the first have in the second sentence does not really mean 
anything. We use it to form the structure that refers to an action in the past. 
If the server realizes you haven’t decided yet, they may offer today’s 
specials, which are selected dishes made with seasonal ingredients and 
served that day. In this case, they may say: 
You can also ask the server to recommend a dish. So you may ask:
Are you ready to order? 
Você está pronto para pedir? 
Have you decided what you’ll have today?
Decidiu o que vai pedir hoje? 
Would you like to hear about our today’s specials? 
Gostaria de saber sobre os especiais do dia?
Which is the most ordered dish? 
Qual é o prato mais pedido?
What would you recommend? 
O que você recomendaria? 
Would you like something more filling or a lighter dish? 
Você gostaria de um prato mais bem servido ou de algo mais leve?
Vocabulary
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77
We use would to make the sentence more polite than just saying What do you recommend? 
even though that is also a possible question. 
So, after clearing all your questions and reaching a decision, you can place your order. You can say:
You can substitute the name of the foods mentioned, such as steak and mashed potatoes, for the ones you 
choose, and the sentence remains the same.
In American restaurants, many dishes are accompanied either by gravy or dressing. They are types of sauces. 
Gravy is made from the juice that comes out of the meat while it’s being cooked, and is served especially with 
hot dishes. And dressings come on top of salads, and they are cold. 
I’d like the chicken wings and a side of French fries. 
Eu gostaria das asinhas de frango e de batatas fritas de acompanhamento.
I’m ready to order now. 
Estou pronto para fazer o pedido. 
I’ll have the steak. 
Vou querer o bife. 
Notice that you can either use I’ll have or I’d like to place you order. 
And the waiter may want to know your choice of side dishes:
Are you ready to order? 
Você está pronto para pedir? 
I’ll have a side of mashed potatoes and grilled vegetables. 
Vou pedir o purê de batatas e os legumes grelhados como acompanhamento.
APPETIZERS
Dressing
Molho frio, geralmente servido com saladas
Gravy 
Molho feito do caldo da carne, que 
acompanha pratos quentes
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So, whenever you order a salad, you will probably hear:
In American restaurants, there are many options of dressings to choose from, such as:
What kind of dressing would you like? 
Que tipo de molho você gostaria?
Which dressing would you like? 
Qual molho você gostaria?
DRESSINGS
Ranch
Salsa Balsamic
Honey mustard Buttermilk
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If you are not familiar with any of them, you should order the 
dressing on the side. You can say:
I would like the dressing on the side, please. 
Eu gostaria do molho à parte, por favor.
If you would like to make any alterations, you can tell your server:
Could I have the pizza with extra cheese? 
Eu poderia pedir a pizza com mais queijo? 
Can I have the Caesar salad without the croutons? 
Posso pedir a salada Ceasar sem croutons? 
Could I swap out the mashed potatoes for some broccoli?
Eu poderia trocar o purê de batatas por brócolis?
Could I have this dish with some broccoli instead of the mashed potatoes?
Eu poderia pedir esse prato com brócolis em vez do purê de batatas?
Can I add bacon to my sandwich? 
Posso acrescentar bacon no meu sanduíche? 
Please, put the dressing on the side. 
Por favor, coloque o molho à parte.
If you have some kind of food allergy, look for the name of the ingredient you are 
allergic to and add the word free to it when placing your order, as in gluten-free 
or lactose-free. For example: 
Can I have this gluten-free?
Posso pedir isso sem glúten? 
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The server will most likely ask you about drinks too: 
Can I get you anything to drink? 
Posso trazer algo para beber?
And to drink? 
E para beber? 
And if you want to add or remove anything from your drink, you can just say:
Can I have some lemon slices in my water, please? 
Você pode colocar algumas rodelas de limão na minha água, por favor?
No ice, please. 
Sem gelo, por favor. 
After that, the server may want to make sure you have ordered everything you want: 
Is that all?
Isso é tudo?
Anything else? 
Mais alguma coisa?
Remember that you must be at least 21 years old to either order or drink any kind of 
alcoholic beverage in the U.S. To order your drink, use the same expressions you used 
when ordering your food, which are I’ll have and I’d like: 
I’ll have a soda, please. 
Vou tomar um refrigerante, por favor.
Can I add bacon to my sandwich? 
Posso acrescentar bacon no meu sanduíche? 
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Now you know how to place your order at a restaurant, some possible interactions with 
the server when you place your order, and how to ask for alterations to your dish.
Notice that the words check and bill are interchangeable in this context. 
If you want separate checks, you had better say it to the server out front 
before ordering anything. Then they will be able to charge everything 
separately. You just say:
Can we have separate checks? 
Podemos ter contas separadas? 
We’ll have separate bills, please.
Vamos querer contas separadas, por favor.
In case you are done, you can answer: 
Yes, that’s it. Thank you. / Nothing else, thank you. 
Isso é tudo. Obrigado(a). / Mais nada, obrigado(a).
And they will probably answer: 
I’ll be right back with your drinks. 
Já volto com as bebidas. 
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A
ct
iv
ity
 A
 –
 A
ns
w
er
s
9 
/ 7
 / 
4 
/ 1
 / 
12
 / 
10
 / 
6 
/ 8
 / 
2 
/ 3
 / 
11
 / 
5
A
ct
iv
ity
 B
 –
 A
ns
w
er
s
a.
 re
ad
y 
– 
or
de
r 
b.
 to
da
y’
s 
sp
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ia
ls
c.
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id
e 
– 
lik
e
d.
 d
re
ss
in
g 
e.
 w
at
er
f. 
ch
ec
ks
/b
ills
A. Number the columns according to the translation of the words.
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word according to the translation.
( 1 ) Bill/Check
( 2 ) Server
( 3 ) Seasonal 
 ingredients
( 4 ) Food allergy
( 5 ) On the side
( 6 ) Seasonal dishes
( 7 ) Dressing
( 8 ) Gluten-free
( 9 ) Today’s specials
( 10 ) Changes/ 
 Alterations
( 11 ) Lactose-free
( 12 ) Gravy
( ) Especiais do dia
( ) Molhos de salada
( ) Alergia alimentar
( ) Conta
( ) Molho feito do 
 caldo da carne
( ) Alterações
( ) Pratos sazonais
( ) Sem glúten
( ) Garçom/Garçonete
( ) Ingredientes sazonais
( ) Sem lactose 
( ) À parte
a) Are you to ?
 Você está pronto para pedir?
b) Would you like to hear about our ?
 Gostaria de saber sobre os especiais do dia?
c) Which would you ?
 Qual acompanhamento você deseja?
d) What kind of wouldyou like in your salad? 
 Que tipo de molho você gostaria na sua salada?
e) Can I have some lemon slices in my , please?
 Você pode colocar algumas rodelas de limão na minha água, por favor?
f) Can we have separate ?
 Podemos ter contas separadas?
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Now that you know how to place your order using the vocabulary and structures presented, 
let’s go a little further by learning some grammar.
When we go out to eat, it is common to ask the server what they recommend, that is, to ask for 
a suggestion. And they can answer with the modal verb should. Let’s see some examples:
When we talk about modal verbs, we are talking about auxiliary verbs that add meaning to 
the main verb. In the case of should, the idea is of suggestion or recommendation. 
And the basic structure looks like this:
Suggestion/Recommendation
Suggestion/Recommendation
You should try the specials tonight. 
Você deve experimentar os especiais esta noite. 
You should try our house dressing. It’s delicious! 
Você deve provar nosso molho da casa. É delicioso!
MODAL VERB: SHOULD
Negative Form
SUBJECT + MODAL VERB (SHOULD) + NOT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
Sujeito + Modal Verb (Should) + Not + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Interrogative Form
MODAL VERB (SHOULD) + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
Modal Verb (Should) + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Affirmative Form
SUBJECT + MODAL VERB (SHOULD) + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
Sujeito + Modal Verb (Should) + Verbo Principal + Complemento
MODAL VERB SHOULD
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In the negative form, we can use the contraction of should + not, which is 
shouldn’t, and, in this case, we are giving advice on what you should not do. 
Have a look at some examples:
In the interrogative form, it is more common to use should either with the f irst 
person singular I or with the f irst person plural we because we usually ask for 
advice for ourselves.
When making a suggestion, we often include an intensifier, that is, words that 
intensify the meaning of what we are talking about. For example:
As you can see, the previous examples of intensifiers are related to adjectives. 
But it is also possible to intensify the action expressed by the verb. Here are some 
examples:
MODAL VERB SHOULD
INTENSIFIERS + ADJECTIVES
INTENSIFIERS + VERBS
You shouldn’t miss our delicious desserts.
Você não deve perder nossas deliciosas sobremesas.
Should I order the fish or the chicken?
Eu devo pedir o peixe ou o frango?
Our starters are very good.
Nossas entradas são muito boas.
Our starters are really good. 
Nossas entradas são realmente/muito boas.
Our starters are so good. 
Nossas entradas são tão/muito boas. 
You should definitely order the Caesar salad. 
Definitivamente, você deve pedir a salada Caesar.
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As we have seen in the f irst part of the chapter, a very common expression when 
it comes to placing your order is I’ll have. For example:
In the context of food and drinks, have works as a synonym for the verbs eat and 
drink. Take a look:
I’ll is the contracted form of I will. We use will to talk about future events. And 
the base structure is the following:
You’ll certainly enjoy the pecan pie. 
Você certamente vai gostar da torta de noz-pecã. 
I strongly recommend the stew. 
Eu recomendo muito/bastante o ensopado.
I’ll have the steak and an orange juice.
Eu vou querer o bife e um suco de laranja.
I’ll eat the steak.
I’ll have the steak.
Eu vou comer o bife.
I’ll drink an orange juice.
I’ll have an orange juice.
Eu vou beber um suco de laranja.
Affirmative Form
SUBJECT + WILL + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
Sujeito + Will + Verbo Principal + Complemento
I will have a salad. 
Eu vou querer uma salada.
WILL
Chapter 4 Vocabulary Grammar ActivitiesGrammarVocabulary ActivitiesVideo Script
In the negative form, we just add not right after will. You can say will not or the 
contracted form won’t, which is way more common, especially in spoken English. 
See how the structure looks like:
And in the interrogative form, we just invert will and the subject; so it looks like this:
And when we combine will with the other subjects, nothing changes. It is the 
same conjugation for all of them.
Negative Form
SUBJECT + WILL NOT (WON’T) + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
Sujeito + Will Not (Won’t) + Verbo Principal + Complemento
I won’t have pasta today. 
Não vou querer massa hoje.
Interrogative Form
WILL + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
Will + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Will you have anything to drink?
Você vai querer alguma coisa para beber?
WILL
WILL
Now you know the modal verb will, as well as the modal verb should, and the 
use of some intensifiers. If you want to learn more about these topics, check 
the Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE 
Modal Verb Will Page 260 w
Modal Verb Should Page 198 w
Intensifiers Page 212 w
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a) I’ll have the steak. 
 Vou querer o bife.
 Negative Form:
 
b) You should try the specials tonight. 
 Você deve experimentar os especiais esta noite.
 Negative Form:
 
c) He will drink an orange juice.
 Ele vai beber um suco de laranja.
 Interrogative Form:
 
d) Should we order the fish?
 Nós devemos pedir o peixe?
 Affirmative Form:
 
e) I won’t have pasta today. 
 Não vou querer massa hoje.
 Affirmative Form:
 
A. Rewrite the sentences according to the instructions.
Part 5.
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A
ct
iv
ity
 B
 –
 A
ns
w
er
s
a.
 v
er
y
b.
 d
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ly
c.
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o 
d.
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ly
e.
 s
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ly
f. 
ce
rt
ai
nl
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e.
 I 
w
ill 
ha
ve
 p
as
ta
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da
y.
 
f. 
Yo
u 
sh
ou
ld
 n
ot
 (s
ho
ul
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’t)
 
 
tr
y 
th
e 
ho
us
e 
dr
es
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.
g.
 Y
ou
 w
ill 
no
t (
w
on
’t)
 h
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e 
an
yt
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ng
 to
 d
rin
k.
A
ct
iv
ity
 A
 –
 A
ns
w
er
s
a.
 I 
w
ill 
no
t (
w
on
’t)
 h
av
e 
th
e 
st
ea
k.
b.
 Y
ou
 s
ho
ul
d 
no
t (
sh
ou
ld
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t)
 tr
y 
 
 
th
e 
sp
ec
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 to
ni
gh
t.
c.
 W
ill 
he
 d
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k 
an
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ng
e 
ju
ic
e?
 
d.
 W
e 
sh
ou
ld
 o
rd
er
 th
e 
fis
h.
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate intensifier.
a) Our starters are good.
 Nossas entradas são muito boas
b) You should order the Caesar salad. 
 Definitivamente, você deve pedir a salada Caesar.
c) Our specials are good. 
 Nossos especiais são tão bons.
d) You should try our house dressing. It’s delicious! 
 Você deve provar nosso molho da casa. É realmente delicioso!
e) I recommend the stew. 
 Eu recomendo bastante o ensopado. 
f) You’ll enjoy the pecan pie. 
 Você certamente vai gostar da torta de noz-pecã.
f) You should try the house dressing.
 Você deve provar o molho da casa.
 Negative Form:
 
g) Will you have anything to drink?
 Você vai querer alguma coisa para beber?
 Negative Form:
 
5During the Meal.
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[At a different table in the restaurant]
Roger:
Hey! So, as you can see, we moved tables—which sometimes happens. 
When you’re at a restaurant, you can make that simple request. And we 
moved because we were right by the window.
Suzie:
Yeah, it was kind of noisy!
Roger:
Right! Cheers to us! 
Suzy: 
Cheers!
Roger:
We just made a toast!
Suzie:
When do you think Tom, the waiter, is coming back?
Roger:
Sometime soon, I hope. I’m starving!
Suzie:
Here he comes now!
Roger:
Hey! There he is! That looks so good!DURING THE MEAL
At a regular restaurant, you will have the waiter deliver your order to your table 
after having waited for some minutes. Before or even during the meal, you might 
have some questions or requests, like asking for salt and pepper or more napkins, 
for example. This is what we will cover in this chapter.
But f irst, take a look at the script of During the Meal.
Part 1.
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Tom (server):
OK, my friends, I have the salad here, with the dressing on the side and 
a side of asparagus.
Suzie:
Thank you!
Tom (server):
And for you, sir, I have the steak with the rice and the potatoes.
Roger:
Looks good!
Tom (server):
Can I get you guys anything else?
Suzie:
I think that’s it!
Roger:
All good! Thank you!
Tom (server):
Enjoy!
Suzie:
Notice Tom said, “enjoy.” You’ll notice servers say that a lot when they 
deliver food to your table. So let’s do just that and enjoy!
Roger:
Bon appetit!
Suzie:
Yumm!
Roger:
Alright, where do I start on? Let me try this rice!
Suzie:
It looks good! I’m loving these crisp vegetables! How is your steak 
cooked?
Roger:
Yeah, you know...I typically like my steak medium rare, but this looks 
medium, which is OK. You know, at a lot of restaurants you have to cook 
it medium or higher. For safety.
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Suzie:
Yes, for health standards. I think I need more napkins!
Roger:
Oh, yeah. Where’s Tom?
Suzie:
Oh, there he is!
Tom (server):
What can I do for you?
Suzie:
Would mind bringing more napkins?
Tom (server):
Yeah, I can bring more napkins; anything else?
Suzie:
Thank you!
Roger:
Oh, is it possible to get some salt and pepper?
Tom (server):
Yes! I’ll bring that right out.
Roger:
Great! Thank you!
[At the end of the meal]
Suzie:
I’m full!
Roger:
You are?
Tom (server):
You guys all done here?
Roger:
Yeah.
Suzie:
I am, yes!
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Roger:
Oh, wait. Right here! She saved me an asparagus!
Tom (server):
Let me clean up some of these plates for you.
Suzie:
Thank you!
Tom (server):
How was everything?
Suzie:
It was so good!
Roger:
It was good.
Suzie:
It really hit the spot.
Roger:
I loved the steak!
Tom (server):
Oh, good, I’m glad! I’ll be right back.
[Tom is back at the table]
Tom (server):
Can I interest you guys in some dessert?
Suzie:
What kind of dessert?
Tom (server):
We do have a delicious brownie with chocolate chips over it. It’s our 
specialty for the night.
Roger:
OK!
Suzie:
Seems pretty good.
Roger:
You think?
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Suzie:
Yeah.
Roger:
Do you want to just split one?
Suzie:
Yes!
Roger:
Because you just said you’re really full.
Suzie:
But it’s dessert; you know how I love dessert.
Tom (server):
How about I bring one brownie, two forks?
Suzie:
Oh, perfect!
Tom (server):
OK, great!
Roger:
Thank you.
[Tom is back with the dessert]
Suzie:
It actually looks really good!
Tom (server):
OK, here we go, guys! One delicious brownie, two forks!
Suzie:
Thank you! 
Roger:
Thanks, Tom!
Tom (server):
Enjoy!
Roger:
Look, it’s a corner piece, too!
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Suzie:
I love the corner pieces! You have the f irst bite!
Roger:
No, I think you should do it.
Suzie:
No, you should do it!
Roger:
I’ll just jump right on it, babe!
Suzie:
You have the f irst bite; tell me how it is!
Roger:
You just want to make sure it’s not poisoned!
DURANTE A REFEIÇÃO
[Em uma mesa diferente no restaurante]
Roger:
Oi! Como vocês podem ver, mudamos de mesa—o que às vezes 
acontece quando se está em um restaurante. Você pode fazer esse 
pedido simples, e nós mudamos de mesa porque estávamos bem 
próximos à janela.
Suzie:
Sim, estava um pouco barulhento lá!
Roger:
Exato! Saúde!
Suzie:
Saúde!
Roger:
Acabamos de brindar!
Suzie:
Quando você acha que Tom, o garçom, vai voltar?
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Roger:
Logo, eu espero. Estou morrendo de fome!
Suzie:
Lá vem ele!
Roger:
Oi! Aí está ele! Parece muito bom!
Tom (garçom):
OK, amigos, aqui está a salada com o molho à parte e uma porção de 
aspargos!
Suzie:
Obrigada!
Tom (garçom):
E para você, senhor, um filé com arroz e batatas.
Roger:
Parece bom!
Tom (garçom):
Algo mais para vocês?
Suzie:
Acho que é isso!
Roger:
Tudo certo! Obrigado!
Tom (garçom):
Desfrutem!
Suzie:
Notem que Tom falou “aproveitem”. Vocês vão notar que os garçons 
dizem muito isso quando servem sua comida. Então, vamos fazer 
exatamente isso, e aproveitar!
Roger:
Bom apetite!
Suzie:
Hummmm!
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Roger:
Por onde eu começo? Vou provar esse arroz!
Suzie:
Parece bom! Estou adorando os vegetais crocantes! Como está o ponto 
da sua carne?
Roger:
Sabe... Eu geralmente gosto da minha carne um ponto a menos, mas 
essa parece estar ao ponto. Você sabia que em muitos restaurantes 
eles fazem a carne ao ponto ou bem passada? É por uma questão de 
segurança.
Suzie:
Sim, por questões sanitárias. Eu acho que preciso de mais guardanapos!
Roger:
Sim! Cadê o Tom?
Suzie:
Ele está ali!
Tom (garçom):
O que posso fazer por vocês?
Suzie:
Você poderia trazer mais guardanapos?
Tom (garçom):
Sim, posso trazer guardanapos; algo mais?
Suzie:
Obrigada!
Roger:
Seria possível trazer sal e pimenta?
Tom (garçom):
Sim! Já trago!
Roger:
Ótimo! Obrigado!
[Ao final da refeição]
Suzie:
Estou cheia!
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Roger:
Você está?
Tom (garçom):
Vocês já terminaram?
Roger:
Sim!
Suzie:
Sim, terminei!
Roger:
Espera! Aqui! Ela deixou um aspargo para mim!
Tom (garçom):
Deixe-me retirar esses pratos para vocês.
Roger:
Obrigado!
Tom (garçom):
Como estava tudo?
Suzie:
Estava bom demais!
Roger:
Muito bom.
Suzie:
Acertou em cheio!
Roger:
Eu amei o f ilé!
Tom (garçom):
Que bom, f ico contente! Eu volto já.
[Tom volta à mesa]
Tom (garçom):
Vocês gostariam de alguma sobremesa?
Suzie:
Que tipo de sobremesa?
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Tom (garçom):
Nós temos um delicioso brownie coberto com gotas de chocolate. É 
nosso especial da noite.
Roger:
OK!
Suzie:
Parece bom.
Roger:
Você acha?
Suzie:
Sim.
Roger:
Você quer dividir um?
Suzie:
Sim!
Roger:
Porque você disse que está bem cheia...
Suzie:
Mas é sobremesa; você sabe o quanto eu gosto de sobremesa.
Tom (garçom):
Que tal eu trazer um brownie e dois garfos?
Suzie:
Perfeito!
Tom (garçom):
OK, ótimo!
Roger:
Muito obrigado!
[Tom volta com a sobremesa]
Tom (garçom):
OK, aqui está, pessoal! Um delicioso brownie e dois garfos!
Suzie:
Obrigada! 
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Roger:
Obrigado, Tom!
Tom (garçom):
Aproveitem!
Roger:
Nossa, é um pedaço do canto!
Suzie:
Eu amo o canto da forma! Você pode comer o primeiro pedaço!
Roger:
Não, acho que você é quem deveria.
Suzie:
Não, você deveria!
Roger:
Vou cair com tudo nele, meu bem!
Suzie:
Você come o primeiro pedaço e me diz se está bom!
Roger:
Você só quer se certif icar de que o brownie não está envenenado!
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When the server brings the food, they usually repeat your order to confirm they are delivering 
the right dish to the right customer. For example:
And you can reply by saying:
If there’s something wrong, you can tell the server: 
In this case, show your order on the menu or tell it to the server again. 
During the meal,if you find something is not okay, you should tell the waiter 
politely. Here are some examples of what could be wrong with your meal:
Right before they leave you to your meal, they may say: 
So, I have here the steak with a side of grilled vegetables and mashed potatoes. 
Então, tenho aqui o bife com legumes grelhados e purê de batatas. 
I’m sorry, that’s not what I ordered. 
Desculpe, não foi isso o que eu pedi.
That’s right! 
Isso mesmo!
Enjoy! / Bon appetit! / Have a great meal! 
Aproveite! / Bom apetite! / Tenha uma ótima refeição! 
Excuse me, I’m afraid my soup is cold. 
Com licença, receio que minha sopa esteja fria.
Excuse me, I’m afraid my steak is undercooked. I’d like it well-done, please. 
Com licença, eu receio que meu bife esteja malpassado. Eu gostaria dele bem passado, por favor. 
Vocabulary
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Well-done 
Bem passado
Medium well
Ao ponto para 
bem passado
Medium rare
Ao ponto para 
malpassado
Medium
Ao ponto
Rare
Malpassado
Note that the second example is referring to an undercooked steak, a steak that was 
less cooked than you would like. There are f ive steak doneness levels in English: 
Eggs also have doneness levels:
STEAK DONENESS LEVELS
EGGS DONENESS LEVELS
Sunny-side up
Gema mole
Over easy
Gema mole, frito dos 
dois lados
Over hard
Gema dura 
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If by any chance you feel uncomfortable at your table, you may ask 
the server to change tables. You can say:
Excuse me, could we move tables?
Com licença, nós poderíamos mudar de mesa?
May we move tables?
Nós podemos mudar de mesa?
Would it possible to move us to a table by the window? 
Seria possível nos mudar para uma mesa perto da janela?
To which they may respond: Certainly. Follow me, please. 
Claro. Venham comigo, por favor.
I’m afraid it’s not possible (right now). We are at our full capacity today. 
Receio que não seja possível (no momento). Estamos lotados hoje. 
I’ll add your name to the waiting list, and I’ll call you as soon as I find another table. 
Vou colocar seu nome na lista de espera, e chamo você assim que encontrar outra mesa.
If you need anything else during your meal, such as salt, pepper, or 
napkins, for example, just wave to call the server and ask: 
Could you bring us some salt, please?
Você pode nos trazer sal, por favor?
Would you mind bringing us some napkins?
Você se importaria em nos trazer alguns guardanapos? 
Can I have some pepper, please? 
Você pode me trazer a pimenta, por favor?
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This is what a doggy bag usually looks like: It is customary for the server to interact with the 
customers and ask about the food. They may say:
Doggy bag
Embalagem para viagem
Did you like your meal? 
Você gostou da sua refeição?
How was everything? 
Como estava tudo?
If it was a positive experience, you may reply: 
It was so good! 
Estava muito bom!
I liked it a lot! 
Eu gostei muito! 
You really hit the spot! 
Vocês acertaram em cheio! 
In casual restaurants, it is common to ask the server to take home the food that has 
not been eaten by the end of your meal. If you wish to do so, just ask the server: 
Can you put the leftovers in a doggy bag, please? 
Você pode colocar o que restou numa embalagem para viagem, por favor? 
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To refuse it, you could say: 
No, thank you. That will be all. 
Não, obrigado. Isso é tudo. 
Now you know how to make requests to the server during the meal, how to inform 
something is wrong, as well as how to comment on the dishes and order dessert. 
If you are up for it, just choose one from the menu and order it. For example: 
I’ll have an apple pie, please. 
Vou querer uma torta de maçã, por favor. 
But if you had a negative experience, the server would probably apologize and 
offer something on the house to make it up to you.
After the meal, the server may offer you dessert, or coffee:
Can I interest you in some dessert? Coffee? 
Posso oferecer alguma sobremesa? Café? 
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11
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5 
/ 1
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10
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/ 9
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3 
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2 
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2 
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b.
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A. Number the columns according to the translation of the words.
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.
( 1 ) On the house
( 2 ) Move tables
( 3 ) Rare
( 4 ) Sunny-side up
( 5 ) Doggy bag
( 6 ) Enjoy!
( 7 ) Main dish
( 8 ) Medium
( 9 ) Dessert
( 10 ) Well-done
( 11 ) Coffee 
( 12 ) Meal
( ) Café
( ) Embalagem para 
 viagem
( ) Por conta da casa
( ) Bem passado
( ) Prato principal
( ) Sobremesa
( ) Com a gema mole
( ) Ao ponto
( ) Malpassado
( ) Aproveite!
( ) Mudar de mesa
( ) Refeição 
a) I’m sorry, that’s not what I .
 Desculpe, não foi isso o que eu pedi.
b) , I’m afraid my steak is .
 Com licença, eu receio que meu bife esteja malpassado. 
c) Excuse me, could we ?
 Com licença, nós poderíamos mudar de mesa?
d) Can I have some , please?
 Você pode me trazer a pimenta, por favor?
e) You really !
 Vocês acertaram em cheio!
f) I’ll have an , please.
 Vou querer uma torta de maçã, por favor.
g) How was ?
 Como estava tudo?
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After learning how to interact during the meal, let’s focus on some grammar topics that can be 
quite practical when referring to the context of going out to eat. In this part, we will study the 
simple past, as well as some intensifiers and quantifiers. 
The simple past is used to talk about past events that took place at a definite time. 
Its base structure is identical to that of the simple present. Have a look: 
Negative Form
SUBJECT + AUXILIARY VERB DO (conjugated) + NOT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
Sujeito + Verbo Auxiliar Do (conjugado) + Not + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Interrogative Form
AUXILIARY VERB DO (conjugated) + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
Verbo Auxiliar Do (conjugado) + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Affirmative Form
SUBJECT + MAIN VERB (conjugated) + COMPLEMENT
Sujeito + Verbo Principal (conjugado) + Complemento 
SIMPLE PRESENT AND SIMPLE PAST
Basic Sentence Structure
As you can see, in the aff irmative form, the main verb will be conjugated, whereas in the negative 
and interrogative forms it will be in its base form. When it comes to the auxiliary verb, it will also 
need to be conjugated accordingly. 
That said, let’s see the conjugation of verbs in the past. They are divided into two categories: 
regular verbs and irregular verbs.
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As for the irregular verbs, there is no pattern: each one will have a different past. 
Here are some examples:
SIMPLE PAST – IRREGULAR VERBS
Do – Did
Fazer
Go – Went
Ir
Eat – Ate
Comer
Let see some sentences in the aff irmative form of the simple past:
I ordered the steak with French fries. 
Eu pedi o bife com batatas fritas. 
My mother ate an apple pie for dessert. 
Minha mãe comeu uma torta de maçã de sobremesa.
SIMPLE PAST
Affirmative Form
Wash – Washed
Lavar
Study – Studied
Estudar
Dance – Danced
Dançar
Start – Started
Começar
SIMPLE PAST – REGULAR VERBS
Check it out:
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Now, before you leave the restaurant, the server is likely to ask how the 
meal went, and they will probably use the simple past. For example:
Did you enjoy your meal? 
Você gostou da sua refeição? 
Did the dish meet your expectations?
O prato atendeu às suas expectativas? 
How did you like your meal?
Você gostou da sua refeição?
The same thing happens in the interrogative form. The auxiliary verb is 
conjugated, and the main verb goes back to its base form. Look at the examples:
Did I order the steak with French fries?
Eu pedi o bife com batatas fritas?
Did my mother eat an apple pie for dessert?
Minha mãe comeu uma torta de maçã de sobremesa?
SIMPLE PAST
Interrogative Form
Note that, in the simple past, the verbs have the same form for every subject, 
even in the third person singular.
In the negative form, we use the auxiliary verb do conjugated in the past. It 
becomes did. Then, the main verb goes back to its base form. Look:
I didn’t order the steak with French fries. 
Eu não pedi o bife com batatas fritas. 
My mother didn’t eat an apple pie for dessert. 
Minha mãe não comeu uma torta de maçã de sobremesa.
SIMPLE PAST
Negative Form
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A lot, a little bit and very much are intensifiers, that is, words that intensify an action, 
an adjective or an adverb. They may also refer to quantity, depending on the context. 
They will work as quantifiers when they express the quantity of things, and they 
will function as intensifiers when they strengthen an action, a characteristic, or even 
how often something happens. 
Compare:
 QUANTIFIER = expresses quantity We ordered a lot of food.
 expressa quantidade Nós pedimos muita comida.
 INTENSIFIER = expresses intensity I liked the food a lot. 
 expressa intensidade Eu gostei muito da comida. 
QUANTIFIERS VS. INTENSIFIERS
And it is common to answer those kinds of questions by using a 
word that expresses the intensity of the experience. You can say:
INTENSIFIERS
I liked it a lot. 
Eu gostei muito. 
To be honest, a little bit. I didn’t like it very much.
Para ser honesto, um pouquinho. Eu não gostei muito.
If I say: I liked it a lot, here, a lot is an intensifier, because it intensif ies the 
feeling expressed by the verb like. 
But if I say: We ordered a lot of food, a lot of expresses the amount of food. It 
refers to a noun, food, and it is placed before it.
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Note that we can’t say very options, because we are talking about the quantity of 
options, but very is only used to express intensity. And we can’t say the food was 
many good, because many doesn’t express intensity; it only refers to quantity.
VERY VS. MANY
INTENSIFIER
The food was very good.
The food was many good.
A comida estava muito boa.
QUANTIFIER
There are many options on the menu.
There are very options in the menu. 
Tem muitas opções no cardápio. 
Now you know how to recognize the simple present and the simple past, 
as well as how to use the question word how, and the use of quantifiers 
and intensifiers. If you want to learn more about these topics, check the 
Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE 
Intensifiers Page 212 w
Quantifiers Page 183 w
Question Word How Page 215 w
Simple Past – Other Verbs Page 235 w
Simple Present – Other Verbs Page 246 w
In both cases, a lot is being used with different meanings. To understand the 
difference, it is important to refer to the context. 
But there are some words that can only be used in one specific context. That’s 
the case of the word very: it can only be used as an intensifier. Whereas the 
word many can only be used to refer to quantity. Compare:
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Part 5.
ActivitiesGrammar
a) I liked the food. 
 Eu gostei da comida.
 
 Negative form: 
b) The food was very good.
 A comida estava muito boa.
 
 Interrogative form: 
c) Did the dish meet the expectations?
 O prato atendeu às expectativas?
 
 Affirmative form: 
d) I didn’t order the steak with French fries. 
 Eu não pedi o bife com batatas fritas.
 
 Interrogative form: 
e) We ordered a lot of food.
 Nós pedimos muita comida.
 
 Negative form: 
f) Did you enjoy the meal? 
 Você gostou da refeição?
 
 Affirmative form: 
A. Rewrite the sentences according to the instructions.
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a.
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b.
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d.
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e.
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f. 
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.
B. Classify the words in bold according to their use.
a) I liked it a lot. 
 Eu gostei muito.
( ) Intensif ier ( ) Quantif ier
b) To be honest, I didn’t like it very much.
 Para ser honesto, eu não gostei muito. 
( ) Intensif ier ( ) Quantif ier
c) We ordered a lot of food.
 Nós pedimos muita comida.
( ) Intensif ier ( ) Quantif ier
d) There are many options on the menu.
 Tem muitas opções no cardápio.
( ) Intensif ier ( ) Quantif ier
e) The food was very good.
 A comida estava muito boa.
( ) Intensif ier ( ) Quantif ier
f) I liked it a little bit. 
 Eu gostei um pouquinho.
( ) Intensif ier ( ) Quantif ier
g) I have a lot of suggestions.
 Eu tenho muitas sugestões
( ) Intensif ier ( ) Quantif ier
h) I didn’t like the salad very much.
 Eu não gostei muito da salada.
( ) Intensif ier ( ) Quantif ier
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[At the table, finishing dessert]
Roger:
How was it?
Suzie:
Delicious! You missed out!
Roger:
Hey, we should probably get our check, right?
Suzie:
Let me get Tom’s attention.
Tom (server):
I see you guys enjoyed the brownie!
Suzie:
I did!
Tom (server):
Anything else for you?
Suzie:
No, I think that’s it! Tom, do you mind if we have our checks?
Tom (server):
Absolutely, I’ll bring them right out!
Suzie:
Thank you!
THE CHECK
In this chapter, you will see how to get the check and interact with the server 
during this moment.
Take a look at the script of: The Check. 
Part 1.
Video Script
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Roger:
So, you see that Suzie was able to f lag Tom down and ask for the check.
Tom (server):
OK, there you go! Split checks, just like you asked.
Suzie:
Thank you!
Roger:
Perfect! Let’s take a look!
Suzie:
What I noticed here on my check is that it lists what I ate.
Roger:
That’s good!
Suzie:
And then, taxes; taxes are separate. They are separate from the food. 
Roger:
But equal. 
Suzie:
Separate, but equal. And taxes vary state to state. Here in the state of 
California it’s 10 percent.
Roger:
Right, so once you’ve kind of looked at the check, you probably want to 
double-check and make sure that the check is correct as well, right? So, 
if there was a mistake, we can always f lag Tom down again and say, 
“Listen, this check isn’t correct! Please f ix it.” 
You can also take a look at your check and think abouttipping. So, in 
America, it is customary to tip between 15 to 25%. I would say the 
average is 20%, and 25% if it was super exceptional.
Suzie:
And then, how are you paying? Are you paying with credit card or 
cash? If you’re paying with credit card, some countries use a pin 
number. But here in the United States we usually just sign our names 
on the receipt. 
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Roger:
But if you are paying with a credit card, you have to remember to 
actually add the amount of the tip, and not the percentage, but the 
actual cash value on to the check that you’re signing.
Suzie:
I think that’s it.
Roger:
I think that’s it!
Suzie:
Let’s pay! I’m going to use my card.
Roger:
OK. I’m going to use cash!
Suzie:
OK.
A CONTA
[À mesa, terminando a sobremesa]
Roger:
Como estava o brownie?
Suzie:
Delicioso! Você perdeu!
Roger:
Nós provavelmente deveríamos pedir a conta, certo?
Suzie:
Vou chamar a atenção do Tom.
Tom (garçom):
Vejo que vocês gostaram do brownie!
Suzie:
Eu gostei!
Tom (garçom):
Algo mais para vocês?
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Suzie:
Não, acho que é só isso. Tom, você se importa em trazer nossas contas?
Tom (garçom):
Claro! Já trago!
Suzie:
Obrigada!
Roger:
Vocês viram que a Suzie conseguiu chamar o Tom e pedir a conta.
Tom (garçom):
OK, aqui estão! Contas separadas, conforme pedido!
Suzie:
Obrigada!
Roger:
Perfeito! Vamos dar uma olhada!
Suzie:
O que eu percebi na minha conta é que listaram o que eu comi.
Roger:
Que bom!
Suzie:
E também tem os impostos, que vêm separadamente. Eles são 
separados da comida. 
Roger:
Mas iguais. 
Suzie:
Separados, mas iguais. E os impostos variam de estado para estado. 
Aqui na Califórnia são 10%.
Roger:
Certo; assim que você pegar a conta, você pode dar uma boa olhada para 
ter certeza de que ela está correta, certo? Se tiver um erro, sempre podemos 
chamar o Tom aqui e falar: “Olha, essa conta não está correta. Corrija-a, por 
favor.” Você também tem que conferir a sua conta e pensar sobre a gorjeta. 
Nos Estados Unidos, é costume dar gorjetas entre 15 e 25%. Eu diria que a 
média é 20% por um ótimo serviço, e 25% se ele foi excepcional.
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Suzie:
E então, como vocês vão pagar? Com cartão de crédito ou com dinheiro? 
Se você for pagar com cartão de crédito, alguns países usam uma senha 
numérica. Aqui nos Estados Unidos, nós geralmente só assinamos 
nossos nomes no recibo. 
Roger:
Mas, caso você pague com o cartão de crédito, lembre-se de que você 
precisa adicionar o valor da gorjeta. Não só a porcentagem, mas o valor 
dela em dinheiro na conta que você está assinando.
Suzie:
Acho que é isso.
Roger:
Acho que é isso!
Suzie:
Vamos pagar! Eu vou usar meu cartão de crédito.
Roger:
OK. Vou usar dinheiro!
Suzie:
OK.
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In this chapter, we will talk about paying the bill. Note that the word check is also used to refer 
to the bill. In the U.S., especially in large restaurant chains, the server will bring your order and 
ask you:
If the answer is no, the server may spontaneously bring the bill during the meal and leave it on 
the table. This is common procedure in many restaurants.
But if you have to ask for the bill yourself, f irst, signal the server by making a check sign in the 
air or by raising your hand. When they come to the table, you can say:
The term check out is used in many contexts concerning paying the bill, such as at a hotel, and 
in stores. It is advisable to say please to make it more polite.
And they may respond:
Will that be all?
Isso é tudo?
Can I get you guys anything else?
Posso trazer mais alguma coisa para vocês?
Could you bring us the check, please? 
Você poderia nos trazer a conta?
Can we get the check, please? 
Podemos receber a conta, por favor?
Can you check us out, please? 
Você pode fechar a conta para a gente, por favor?
Right away. 
Agora mesmo.
Certainly.
Certamente.
Vocabulary
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On the check, there will be the total of what you ordered, and separately, the value referring to taxes. 
If you notice they are charging you for something you didn’t order, you can say, for example:
Note that the expression I’m afraid is used to break bad news. 
In the U.S., it is customary to tip the service. On average, the tip is around 15% 
of the total value of the check without taxes. If the service is great, you should tip 
at least 20%.
At this point, the server will probably ask you:
And you can answer the following:
I’m sorry, but I didn’t order tea. 
Desculpe, mas eu não pedi chá.
Excuse me, but I didn’t have cheesecake. 
Com licença, eu não comi cheesecake.
I didn’t eat cheesecake. 
Eu não comi cheesecake.
I didn’t drink tea. 
Eu não bebi chá.
Can you remove it from my bill?
Você pode removê-lo da minha conta?
I’m afraid the bill isn’t correct. Could you check that, please? 
Eu receio que a conta não esteja certa. Você poderia verif icar, por favor?
How would you like to pay?
Como você gostaria de pagar?
I’ll pay cash. 
Vou pagar em dinheiro.
I’ll pay with my debit card. 
Vou pagar com meu cartão de débito.
I’ll pay with my credit card.
Vou pagar no cartão de crédito.
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In some countries, customers enter their password or PIN number to 
validate their purchase, while in the U.S., people usually sign the card 
receipt. Write the amount of the tip on the designated f ield in the receipt:
Finally, the server will probably thank you by saying:
Receipt 
Recibo
Thank you for dining with us. 
Obrigado por jantar conosco.
Have a good night. 
Tenha uma boa noite.
Have a good one. 
Tenha um bom dia/tarde/noite.
Have a nice day.
Tenha um bom dia.
Come again. 
Volte sempre.
Now you know how to ask for the check, how to interact with the server if the 
check is incorrect, as well as some cultural aspects related to paying the bill. 
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A
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11
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1 
/ 1
0 
/ 6
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8 
/ 2
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5 
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7 
/ 9
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12
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4 
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A. Number the columns according to the translation of the words.
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word(s).
( 1 ) Check sign
( 2 ) Certainly
( 3 ) Come again
( 4 ) PIN number
( 5 ) Right away
( 6 ) Taxes
( 7 ) Have a nice day
( 8 ) Tip
( 9 ) Receipt
( 10 ) Bill/Check
( 11 ) Cash
( 12 ) Please
( ) Dinheiro
( ) Sinal de que deseja 
 a conta
( ) Conta
( ) Impostos
( ) Gorjeta
( ) Certamente
( ) Agora mesmo
( ) Volte sempre
( ) Tenha um bom dia
( ) Recibo
( ) Por favor
( ) Senha
a) Can we the , please?
 Podemos receber a conta, por favor?
b) Can you check us out, ?
 Você pode fechar a conta para a gente, por favor?
c) I’ll pay .
 Vou pagar em dinheiro.
d) Can I get you guys ?
 Posso trazer mais alguma coisa para vocês?
e) , but I didn’t cheesecake.
 Com licença, eu não comi cheesecake.
f) Can you it from my ?
 Você pode removê-lo da minha conta?
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When we are in a different country, we often have opportunities to have different 
experiences, and tourists are usually offered many options. 
A very commonway to offer something is by using the modal verbs can and would. And 
since we are talking about restaurants, let’s see some examples of offers in these places: 
Note that both sentences can be understood as offers to one person or to all the people at the 
table. The pronoun you leaves space for both interpretations. 
Since can and would are both modal verbs, they follow the same base structure for the 
interrogative form:
Can I interest you in some dessert? 
Posso oferecer uma sobremesa? 
Would you like to hear about our today’s specials? 
Você gostaria de saber nossos pratos especiais do dia?
MAKING AN OFFER
Interrogative Form
MODAL VERB + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
Modal Verb + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
MODAL VERBS 
To respond to an offer, you can either accept it: 
 ACCEPTING Yes, please. 
 Aceitando Sim, por favor.
 Thank you. That would be great. / That would be lovely. 
 Obrigado(a). Isso seria ótimo! / Isso seria muito gentil.
RESPONDING TO OFFERS
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Or refuse it:
Will you pass me the salt, please? 
Você pode me passar o sal, por favor?
Me passa o sal, por favor?
MAKING A REQUEST
 REFUSING No, thank you. 
 Recusando Não, obrigado(a). 
 Thanks. That would be all. 
 Obrigado(a). Isso é tudo.
RESPONDING TO AN OFFER
Can you check us out, please? 
Você pode fechar a conta para a gente, por favor?
Could you bring us the check, please? 
Você poderia nos trazer a conta, por favor? 
MAKING A REQUEST
Now, if you need something or a type of service, you can always make 
a request. Again, modal verbs will be extremely useful. Take a look:
Can and could are modal verbs, so they follow the same interrogative 
structure: modal verb + subject + main verb + complement. 
In this context, the difference between can and could is the formality level: 
could is a bit more formal than can. 
Another way to make request is by using will. It is mainly used to talk about 
future events, but we can also use will in the interrogative form to order 
something. See the example:
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As you can see, we used the structure will + subject + main verb. And as we are 
making a request, most of the time the subject will be the second person you.
And you can ask the same question with would:
The modal verb would can be combined with some words to form other 
structures that we use specif ically to make requests. 
One of them is would you mind. This expression is used when we are going to 
ask something that isn’t so easy to do or that may sound inconvenient. For 
example:
Let’s see some more examples: 
Take a closer look at the previous example: after the expression would you mind, 
there is commonly the main verb in the -ING form. So, we have the structure: 
Would you pass me the salt, please? 
Você me passaria o sal, por favor?
MAKING A REQUEST
Would you mind bringing us some extra sauce? 
Você se importaria em nos trazer um pouco mais de molho?
MAKING A REQUEST
Would you mind turning the AC down a little? 
Você se importaria em diminuir o ar-condicionado um pouco?
Would you mind turning the AC off?
Você se importaria em desligar o ar-condicionado?
MAKING A REQUEST
WOULD YOU MIND + MAIN VERB IN THE –ING FORM + COMPLEMENT
Would you mind + Verbo Principal na forma -ING + Complemento
MAKING A REQUEST
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One of the most common uses of would is in the construction would like. As we 
have already seen, in the interrogative form, we use it to offer something. Let’s 
review the example:
Would you like to hear about our today’s specials? 
Você gostaria de saber sobre nossos especiais do dia?
But in the affirmative form, it is used to make a request. Let’s see some examples:
I would like the check, please. 
Eu gostaria da conta, por favor. 
I’d like to pay with my credit card. 
Eu gostaria de pagar com meu cartão de crédito.
MAKING A REQUEST
Since we usually make requests for ourselves, the most common subject will be I. 
In spoken language, it is more natural to use the contracted form: I’d like. 
Requests can be either conceded or refused. Let’s take the following request:
Could we move tables? 
Poderíamos mudar de mesa? 
MAKING A REQUEST
To grant it, we could say:
Definitely. / Certainly. / Of course. 
Sem dúvida. / Certamente. / Com certeza. 
GRANTING REQUESTS
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And to refuse it: 
Note that in the previous examples we used but to connect two opposing ideas: 
not being able to fulf ill the request and being sorry about it. And because was 
used to justify why the request couldn’t be granted.
And, but, and because are connectors. They are vital to help us understand the 
message. To sum up, we have the following:
I’m sorry, but that won’t be possible because we are at our full capacity.
Sinto muito, mas não será possível porque estamos lotados / com capacidade máxima.
We are at our full capacity, so I don’t have any tables available. 
Estamos lotados, então, não temos nenhuma mesa disponível.
Let me talk to the hostess and see what I can do. 
Deixe-me falar com a recepcionista e ver o que eu posso fazer.
REFUSING REQUESTS
BUT – Contrasting ideas 
Mas/Porém
SO – Expressing consequence 
Então/Logo
BECAUSE – Giving reasons
Porque
AND – Adding ideas
E 
CONNECTORS
Now you know to recognize and use connectors, how to make requests 
and offers using the modal verbs can, could, and would, as well as how to 
refuse or accept offers and requests. If you want to learn more about these 
topics, check the Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE 
Connectors Page 171 w
Modal Verb Can Page189 w
Modal Verb Could Page 192 w
Modal Verb Would Page 201 w
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Part 5.
ActivitiesGrammar
a) I’m afraid that won’t be possible we are at our full capacity. 
 Sinto muito, mas não será possível porque estamos lotados.
b) We are at our full capacity, I don’t have any tables available. 
 Estamos lotados, então, não temos nenhuma mesa disponível.
c) Let me talk to the hostess see what I can do. 
 Deixe-me falar com a recepcionista e ver o que eu posso fazer.
d) I don’t have a table by the window available I have one on the patio. 
 Eu não tenho uma mesa disponível na janela, mas eu tenho uma no terraço.
e) Let me clear the table for you I’ll be right back with the check. 
 Deixe-me limpar a mesa para vocês, e já volto com a conta.
f) The tip is not included, you need to write the amount in the receipt.
 A gorjeta não está inclusa, então, você tem que escrever a quantia no recibo.
g) We didn’t charge the dessert it’s your birthday.
 Nós não cobramos a sobremesa porque é seu aniversário.
h) Unfortunately, I’m out of brownies, our chocolate mousse is the 
 best in town.
 Infelizmente, acabou o brownie, mas a nossa mousse de chocolate é a melhor da cidade.
A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate connector.
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A
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a.
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c.
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d.
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f. 
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b.
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c.
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d.
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B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verb.
a) I to pay with my credit card. 
 Eu gostaria de pagar com meu cartão de crédito.
b) you pass me the salt, please? 
 Me passa o sal, por favor?c) check us out, please? 
 Você pode fechar a conta para a gente, por favor? 
d) Thank you. That be great. 
 Obrigado. Isso seria ótimo! 
e) bring us the check, please? 
 Você poderia nos trazer a conta, por favor?
f) interest you in some dessert? 
 Posso oferecer uma sobremesa?
g) mind turning the AC off?
 Você se importaria em desligar o ar-condicionado?
h) move tables? 
 Poderíamos mudar de mesa? 
Notes
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7Fast Food.
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[In front of a fast-food restaurant]
Suzie:
So, you’re on vacation and want to wander around the city, visit tourist 
spots, go shopping…And even having a great meal at lunch as we did, 
we might even be a little hungry and feel like grabbing a bite in the late 
afternoon! In American cities, you’ll most likely f ind fast-food restaurants 
on every corner. They are always a good option if you don’t want to 
spend too much time or money on meals. Fast-food restaurants are 
easy, quick and usually pretty inexpensive! 
A few things to remember when you’re ordering fast food. There’s 
going to be combos. Everything is a combo. Do you want fries and a 
coke with your main burger or sandwich? Next, they’ll ask you, “Do you 
want it for here or to go?” They might say it really fast, and it might 
sound like all one word: “For here or to go?” But if you remember to 
expect to hear that, you’ll notice it, and you can tell them you want to 
stay in and eat it, or you want it to go and you can take it with you. 
Lastly, they’ll ask you, “Are you paying with cash or credit?” And if 
you’re not paying with cash, occasionally you’ll get, “Are you paying 
with credit or debit?” Those are just a few things to remember. And 
again, remember: always say, “Thank you,” “Thanks,” “Thanks so 
much.” And enjoy your fast food!
All over the U.S., there’ll be tons of different fast-food chains serving 
all kinds of fast food! From classic burgers and fries, to Italian, Chinese, 
Mexican, Japanese and even Thai fast-food restaurants! The upside is 
that it is easy and convenient. Wherever you are, you’ll always know 
what you’re going to get in a fast-food chain! But if you feel like jumping 
out of your comfort zone and trying local and exclusive food, just grab 
your phone and search for a well-recommended food truck nearby!
FAST FOOD
In this chapter, you will learn the different ways you can communicate in a fast-
food restaurant, as well as some vocabulary and grammar to help you improve 
your English skills. 
Take a look at the script of: Fast Food.
Part 1.
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[In front of a Mexican Food Truck]
Roger:
Oh, I love Mexican! So glad we saw this place!
Suzie:
So good, yes!
Roger:
Quesadillas, super cheesy!
Suzie:
Yes, it is! Yes! OK, what are you getting?
Roger:
Well you’re getting the quesadilla.
Suzie:
Yes, I’m getting the quesadilla.
Roger:
Then I’m probably going to eat most of yours. And I’ll get a burrito too.
Suzie:
Whatever!
Roger:
We always share food!
Suzie:
Just order for me.
Suzie:
There’s no need to panic when you’re about to order some food. Just 
f igure out what you’d like. You don’t need to rush; take your time, look at 
the menu, see what sounds good. And all you need to remember is to 
say, “I’ll have...” In my case, I’ll have the quesadilla.
Food-Truck Attendant:
So how can I help you, sir?
Roger:
Hi! I’ll have a carne asada burrito, and she’s going to have the cheese 
quesadilla. She’ll have the cheese quesadilla with a side of beans, and I 
want lots of guac...
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Suzie:
Just a reminder: these are some different ways you can order. You 
can say, “I will have…”, like we said earlier. You can also say, “I would 
like…” Or you could order the food followed by a “please.” In my case, 
“Quesadillas, please!” And remember: when you f inally get your food, 
always say, “Thanks,” “Thank you,” or “Thank you very much.”
[Getting the food]
Roger:
Oh, nice! Smells so good! Thank you so much!
Food-Truck Attendant:
You’re welcome!
Roger:
Wait, where’s the guacamole?
FAST-FOOD
[Em frente a um restaurante de fast-food]
Suzie:
Você está de férias e quer andar pela cidade, visitar pontos turísticos, 
fazer compras. E, mesmo depois de um ótimo almoço como o que 
acabamos de ter, nós podemos f icar com um pouco de fome e com 
vontade de fazer um lanche no f inal da tarde! Em cidades americanas, 
você com certeza vai achar restaurantes de fast-food em cada esquina! 
Eles sempre são uma boa opção se você não quer gastar muito tempo 
ou dinheiro nas refeições. Restaurantes de fast-food geralmente são 
rápidos e baratos! 
Algumas coisas para se lembrar na hora de pedir fast-food: vai haver 
combos. Tudo é um combo. Você quer fritas e uma coca com seu 
hambúrguer ou sanduíche? Depois, vão te perguntar: “É para comer aqui 
ou para viagem?”. Talvez falem isso tão rápido a ponto de soar como 
uma única palavra: “Para aqui ou para viagem?”. Mas, se você se lembrar 
de esperar ouvir isso, você irá perceber e poderá falar se você quer f icar 
para comer, ou se quer levar a comida para viagem. Por último, vão te 
perguntar: “Você vai pagar com dinheiro ou cartão?”. E, caso você não 
vá pagar com dinheiro, ocasionalmente você vai ouvir: “Você vai pagar 
no crédito ou débito?”. Essas são só algumas coisas para se lembrar. 
E lembre-se: sempre diga “muito obrigada”, “obrigada” ou “Muitíssimo 
obrigada!” E aproveite o seu fast-food! 
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Por todos os Estados Unidos, haverá muitas franquias diferentes 
servindo vários tipos de fast-food! Dos clássicos hambúrgueres e 
batatas fritas, até restaurantes de fast-food de comida italiana, chinesa, 
mexicana, japonesa e até tailandesa! O lado bom disso é que é algo 
fácil e conveniente. Não importa onde você esteja, você sempre sabe 
o que vão te servir em uma franquia de fast-food! Mas, caso você 
sinta vontade de sair um pouco da sua zona de conforto e conhecer os 
estabelecimentos típicos do local, é só pegar o seu celular e procurar por 
food trucks nas redondezas que sejam bem avaliados!
Roger:
Eu amo comida mexicana! Estou muito feliz por termos vindo a este 
lugar!
Suzie:
Que sorte, sim!
Roger:
Quesadillas, cheias de queijo!
Suzie:
Sim! OK, o que você vai pedir?
Roger:
Bem, você vai pedir a quesadilla.
Suzie:
Sim, vou pedir a quesadilla.
Roger:
Então, provavelmente vou comer a maior parte da sua! E vou pedir um 
burrito também.
Suzie:
Até parece...
Roger:
Nós sempre dividimos comida!
Suzie:
Faça o pedido por mim.
Suzie:
Você não precisa entrar em pânico quando está prestes a pedir comida. Basta 
escolher o que você quer pedir. Você não precisa se apressar; vá com calma, 
dê uma olhada no cardápio, veja o que parece gostoso! Você só precisa se 
lembrar de falar “I’ll have”! No meu caso, eu vou querer a quesadilla.
Chapter 7 Vocabulary Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar Activities
Atendente do Food Truck:
Como posso ajudar, senhor?
Roger:
Oi! Eu vou querer um burrito de carne asada, e ela quer uma 
quesadilla de queijo. Ela vai querer a quesadilla de queijo com feijão de 
acompanhamento, e eu quero muito guacamole!
Suzie:
Só um lembrete: essas são maneiras diferentes de se fazer um pedido. 
Você pode falar: “Eu vou comer...”, como falamos anteriormente. Você 
também pode falar: “Eu gostaria de...”, ou você pode fazer seu pedido 
seguido de “por favor”. No meu caso, “Quesadillas, por favor!” E lembre-
se: quando você f inalmente pegar sua comida, sempre diga “Obrigada” 
ou “Muito obrigada”.
[Pegando a comida]
Roger:
Que cheiro bom! Obrigado!
Atendente do Food Truck:
De nada!
Roger:
Espera, cadê o guacamole?
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You can have different kinds of fast food, such as: 
Hot dog
Cachorro-quente
Fries / French fries
Batata frita
Ice cream cone
Sorvete na casquinha 
Pretzels
Hamburgers
Hambúrgueres 
Popsicles 
Picolés 
Vocabulary
Part 2.
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And you can f ind them in different places:
Food cart 
Carrinho de comida
Fast-food restaurants
Restaurantes de fast-food
Food truck 
Ice cream truck 
Caminhão de sorvete
Since this kind of food is supposed to be practical and served quickly, the 
interaction with attendants at these places may be quite informal and fast as well. 
In order to place your order, you can say:
I’ll have two cheeseburgers and a soda, please. 
Vou querer dois cheesebúrgueres e um refrigerante, por favor.
Three chicken tacos and an iced tea, please. 
Três tacos de frango e um chá gelado, por favor. 
I’d like some ice in my soda, please. 
Eu gostaria de gelo no meu refrigerante, por favor.
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At some places, customers will pour their own drinks straight from the soda 
fountain, and they get free refills during the meal. There usually is a self-service 
ice machine nearby. 
Lots of fast-food places offer combos, which are a combination of different 
products. They will often have specific names or numbers. So, all you have to say is: 
To add any ingredients, such as cheese, you can say: 
I’d like the combo number 4. 
Eu gostaria do combo número 4.
I’ll have the Chicken Delight combo, please. 
Vou querer o combo Chicken Delight, por favor.
If drinks are served by the attendant, you can be specific and order the size you want:
I’ll have two cheeseburgers and a large soda, please. 
Vou querer dois cheesebúrgueres e um refrigerante grande, por favor.
If you want to make any changes to your order, just say it up front. For example: 
I’ll have the bacon cheeseburger without pickles, please. 
Vou querer o cheesebúrguer com bacon sem picles, por favor.
I’ll have the chicken sandwich with extra cheese, please.
Vou querer o sanduíche de frango com mais queijo, por favor.
Sodas and combos may come in different sizes:
SIZES
Small
Pequeno
Medium 
Médio
Large 
Grande
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Then they may ask you if you want something else:
To which you can answer:
And you can simply answer:
Since it is a quick service, you will pay the bill straight away. The clerk might tell 
you the total amount immediately after you order. It will already include the taxes.
If you fail to understand it, you can say:
After clearing any questions, the clerk might ask you about payment:
The clerk may ask you:
Is that all? 
Isso é tudo?
To go. 
Para viagem.
Anything else? 
Mais alguma coisa?
For here. 
Para comer aqui.
That’s all. / That’s it. 
Isso é tudo.
I’m sorry, I didn’t understand. 
Desculpe, eu não entendi.
For here or to go?
É para comer aqui ou é para viagem?
Can you repeat that, please? 
Você pode repetir, por favor?
How are you gonna pay? 
Como você vai pagar?
How do you wanna pay? 
Como você quer pagar?
Cash or credit? 
Dinheiro ou cartão?
Gonna is the same as going to, and wanna is the same as want to. Since this is 
an informal fast interaction, contractions might be quite common. 
Regardless of how you will pay, it is not customary to add tips to the total value 
at fast-food places. There may be a tipping jar close to the cashier, but leaving 
anything is optional.
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Once you are done paying for your order, just say:
And they will probably answer: 
If you need anything else during your meal, such as napkins, straws, or condiments, 
you will probably f ind these items available at a dispenser in the restaurant. 
But if you have a hard time f inding them, go to the clerk and ask:
Placing your order at the drive-thru is also an option, and the process is quite similar 
to ordering inside the restaurant. 
The drive-thru will probably be equipped with a monitor and a sound system. The 
clerk might greet you by saying:
Thank you. / Thanks. 
Obrigado(a).
How many? / How many would you like? 
Quantos? / De quantos você gostaria?
No problem. / Anytime. / You’re welcome. 
Não há de quê. / Disponha. / De nada.
Can I have some napkins, please? 
Você pode me dar alguns guardanapos, por favor?
Where can I get some ketchup, please? 
Onde posso pegar ketchup, por favor?
Welcome to (Johnny’s). May I take your order?
Bem-vindo ao (Johnny’s). Posso anotar seu pedido?
In order to avoid waste, 
they may ask you:
Then you are going to place your order as if you were talking to the clerk face to 
face. If you need it, ask for clarif ication: 
I’m sorry, can you say that again, please? 
Desculpe, você pode repetir, por favor?
Chapter 7 Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar ActivitiesVocabularyVideo Script
Now you know possible interactions when ordering fast food, 
as well as how to proceed at the drive-thru.
Once you’ve paid for everything, drive 
up to the pick-up spot. There will 
probably be a sign that reads: 
Please, pick up here.
Por favor, pegue seu pedido aqui.
If everything is okay and you want 
some condiments, you can say: Can I have some mustard, please?
Você pode me dar mostarda, por favor?
Check if everything you ordered is listed on the monitor. In case you 
have to drive up to the next window to pay for your meal, you will hear: 
Next window, please. 
Próxima janela / Próximo guichê, por favor.
Then check if you have all the items you have ordered. If there is 
anything missing, just tell them: 
I’m sorry, but there is one hamburger missing. 
Desculpe, mas tem um hambúrguer faltando. 
And always say:
Thank you. / Thanks. 
Obrigado(a).
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A
ct
iv
ity
 A
 –
 A
ns
w
er
s
10
 / 
7 
/ 2
 / 
4 
/ 1
2 
/ 9
 / 
1 
/ 8
 / 
11
 / 
3 
/ 5
 / 
6
A
ct
iv
ity
 B
 –
 A
ns
w
er
s
a.
 ic
e 
– 
so
da
b.
 h
er
e 
– 
go
c.
 n
ap
ki
ns
d.
 p
ic
k 
up
 
e.
 m
is
si
ng
f. 
m
us
ta
rd
A. Number the columns according to the translation of the words.
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word(s).
( 1 ) Quick service
( 2 ) Tipping jar
( 3 ) Napkin
( 4 ) Taxes
( 5 ) Ice cream cone
( 6 ) Small soda
( 7 ) French fries
( 8 ) Popsicle
( 9 ) Change
( 10 ) Food carts
( 11 ) Hot dog
( 12 ) Straw
( ) Carrinhos de comida 
( ) Batata frita
( ) Caixinha
( ) Impostos
( ) Canudo
( ) Troco
( ) Atendimento rápido
( ) Picolé
( ) Cachorro-quente
( ) Guardanapo
( ) Sorvete na casquinha
( ) Refrigerante pequeno
a) I’d like some in my , please.
 Eu gostaria de gelo no meu refrigerante, por favor.
b) For or to ?
 É para comer aqui ou é para viagem?
c) Can I have some , please.
 Você pode me dar alguns guardanapos, por favor?
d) Please, here.
 Por favor, pegue seu pedido aqui.
e) I’m sorry, but there is one hamburger .
 Desculpe, mas tem um hambúrguer faltando.
f) Can I have some , please?
 Você pode me dar mostarda, por favor?
Part 3.
ActivitiesVocabulary
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What do you want to eat today? 
O que você quer comer hoje?
An important feature of the English language is the amount of contractions there 
are. Do + not becomes don’t, I + would becomes I’’d… And there are lots of other 
words we put together while speaking, as well as in informal written language.
Let’s see some examples:
Wanna is the contraction 
of want to. As in:
Another everyday contractionis gonna, which means going to. For example: 
Here, we used going to + verb to express a plan or intention to do something in the future. 
Gotta is another informal contraction. Have a look: 
What do you wanna eat today? 
O que você quer comer hoje?
WANNA
Where are we gonna have lunch today?
Where are we going to have lunch today? 
Onde a gente vai almoçar hoje?
GONNA
You’ve gotta be in a car to use the drive-thru.
You gotta be in a car to use the drive-thru. 
Você precisa estar em um carro para usar o drive-thru.
GOTTA
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Gotta is the contraction of got to, which is commonly used in the construction 
have got to. But, as you can see in the second example, gotta may also be used 
to refer to the whole expression. In this case, have will be omitted in the sentence. 
So, the complete form without contractions would be:
These are just variations, but both have the same meaning, and their use is cultural. 
Now, if the subject is he, she, or it, we need to conjugate the verb to have in the present 
and use has got to + verb. Look at the same example, but with another person:
Another way to express obligation, necessity, permission, or prohibition 
is to use modal verbs, which are followed by the bare infinitive, that is, 
the infinitive form without the particle to.
To talk about possibility, we use the modal verb can. And to talk about 
permission, we can use the modal verb may.
Sometimes, depending on the context, can and may will be close in 
meaning. If something is possible, it can also be considered permitted. 
That’s the case in the following example:
The structure have got to + verb is equivalent to have to + verb:
You have got to be in a car to use the drive-thru. 
Você precisa estar em um carro para usar o drive-thru.
Welcome to Johnny’s. Can I take your order? 
Welcome to Johnny’s. May I take your order? 
Bem-vindo ao Johnny’s. Posso anotar seu pedido?
You have got to be in a car to use the drive-thru. 
You have to be in a car to use the drive-thru. 
Você precisa estar em um carro para usar o drive-thru.
HAVE GOT TO + VERB = HAVE TO + VERB
She has got to be in a car to use the drive-thru. 
She’s gotta be in a car to use the drive-thru. 
Ela precisa estar em um carro para usar o drive-thru.
HAVE GOT TO + VERB = HAVE TO + VERB
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146
Here, we used a common noun: kid. We added the apostrophe followed by S 
and the noun that belongs to the kid, that is, meal. So, the idea is that the meal 
belongs to the kid, or is made for the kid. 
So, when we want to talk about possession, the basic structure will be as follows:
Here, Johnny’s is the name of the place. And when there is a noun, either 
common or proper, plus the apostrophe followed by S, it conveys the 
idea of possession. The full sentence would be:
Welcome to Johnny’s restaurant. 
Bem-vindo ao restaurante do Johnny.
POSSESSIVE CASE
This construction is very frequent, especially in names of establishments, 
and it is natural to omit the word restaurant at the end. But we can also 
use this construction with common nouns. For example:
The kid’s meal is 25 dollars. 
A refeição infantil é 25 dólares.
POSSESSIVE CASE
NOUN (owner) + ’S + NOUN (what is possessed)
Johnny’s restaurant
Restaurante do Johnny
Kid’s meal
Refeição infantil
POSSESSIVE CASE
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Notice that the apostrophe followed by S expressing 
possession always comes after a noun, and never after a 
pronoun, like the contraction of the verb to be. Compare:
Mary’s job is nice.
She’s job is nice. 
O trabalho da Mary é legal. 
She’s a waitress.
Ela é garçonete.
In the first sentence, there’s a noun, which is Mary, the apostrophe followed by S, 
and another noun: job. The apostrophe followed by S expresses possession. But we 
can’t replace Mary with a pronoun, add the apostrophe, S, and say: She’s job is 
nice. This sentence is wrong; it makes no sense.
In the second sentence, the apostrophe followed by S refers to the verb to be. It is 
contracted with the pronoun that replaced Mary: She’s a waitress.
To express possession, we can either use the possessive case, or substitute this 
construction with a possessive adjective. Have a look: 
Possessive Case
Mary’s job is nice. 
O emprego da Mary é legal.
Possessive Adjective 
Her job is nice.
Seu emprego é legal. / O emprego dela é legal.
EXPRESSING POSSESSION 
Here, we are saying that the job belongs to Mary, which is feminine and singular, 
so we can replace it with the possessive adjective her. Note that we kept the 
owned object in the sentence, and Mary’s job became her job.
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Look at the list of possessive adjectives: 
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES 
 SINGULAR
 my
 meu(s)/minha(s)
 your
 teu(s)/tua(s); seu(s)/sua(s)
 his
 dele
 her
 dela
 its
 dele/dela
PLURAL
 our
 meu(s)/minha(s)
 your
 vosso(s)/vossa(s); seu(s)/sua(s)
 their
 deles/delas
 
Based on the f irst information, it is possible to know who owns the 
sandwich. The second sentence, out of context, would not be enough to 
understand we are referring to Jerry.
 To ask questions about possession, it is necessary to use the question 
word whose. 
But we only use a possessive adjective when it is clear from the context 
who we are talking about, who owns the object. Look at another example: 
Jerry’s sandwich costs 10 dollars. 
O sanduíche do Jerry custa 10 dólares.
His sandwich costs 10 dollars. 
Seu sanduíche custa 10 dólares. / O sanduíche dele custa 10 dólares.
POSSESSIVE CASE
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It’s our car. 
É nosso carro.
It’s the manager’s car. 
É o carro do gerente.
As you can see, we use whose and, right after it, the noun that we want to know who 
the owner is—in this case, the noun order. Then we add the rest of the sentence in the 
interrogative form. Here, we used the interrogative form of the verb To Be. 
Look at another example in the Present Continuous:
Here, we use the same structure: whose + object possessed, in this case, car, 
and the interrogative form with the complement: is blocking the drive-thru exit.
And the possible answers are:
We can get an answer with a possessive adjective as in the f irst example. Or 
there might be an answer with the possessive case, as in the second example. 
Whose order is this? 
De quem é esse pedido?
QUESTION WORD WHOSE
Excuse me. Whose car is blocking the drive-thru exit? 
Com licença. De quem é o carro bloqueando a saída do drive-thru?
QUESTION WORD WHOSE
Let’s see some examples:
So now you know how to recognize contractions of verbs, as well as 
how to use the possessive case, possessive adjectives, and the question 
word whose. If you want to learn more about these topics, check the 
Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE 
Contraction of Verbs Page 174 w
Possessive Adjectives Page 204 w
Possessive Case Page 208 w
Question Word Whose Page 233 w
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Part 5.
ActivitiesGrammar
a) You gotta be in a car to use the drive-thru. 
 Você precisa estar em um carro para usar o drive-thru.
 
 
b) What do you wanna eat today? 
 O que você quer comer hoje?
 
 
c) Where are we gonna have lunch today?
 Onde a gente vai almoçar hoje?
 
 
d) She’s gotta be in line to place an order.
 Ela precisa estar na f ila para fazer um pedido.
 
 
e) You’ve gotta be 21 or older to order alcoholic drinks. 
 Você precisa ser maior de 21 anos para pedir bebidas alcoólicas.f) Do you wanna order a side of fries?
 Você quer pedir uma porção de fritas?.
 
 
A. Rewrite the sentences using their full form, that is, without contractions.
Chapter 7 Vocabulary GrammarVocabulary ActivitiesVideo Script Grammar Activities
A
ct
iv
ity
 B
 –
 A
ns
w
er
s
a.
 H
is
 
b.
 o
ur
c.
 H
er
 
d.
 Y
ou
r 
e.
 T
he
ir 
f. 
m
y
g.
 y
ou
r
h.
 It
s
d.
 S
he
 h
as
 g
ot
 to
 b
e 
in
 li
ne
 to
 p
la
ce
 a
n 
or
de
r.
e.
 Y
ou
 h
av
e 
go
t t
o 
be
 2
1 
or
 o
ld
er
 to
 o
rd
er
 
 
 a
lc
oh
ol
ic
 d
rin
ks
.
f. 
D
o 
yo
u 
w
an
t t
o 
or
de
r a
 s
id
e 
of
 fr
ie
s?
A
ct
iv
ity
 A
 –
 A
ns
w
er
s
a.
 Y
ou
 h
av
e 
(g
ot
) t
o 
be
 in
 a
 c
ar
 to
 u
se
 th
e 
dr
iv
e 
th
ru
.
b.
 W
ha
t d
o 
yo
u 
w
an
t t
o 
ea
t t
od
ay
?
c.
 W
he
re
 a
re
 w
e 
go
in
g 
to
 h
av
e 
lu
nc
h 
to
da
y?
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word(s) according to the translation.
a) sandwich costs 10 dollars.
 O sanduíche dele custa 10 dólares.
b) We’re so sorry. It’s car.
 Desculpe-nos. É nosso carro.
c) job is nice.
 O emprego dela é legal.
d) order isn’t ready yet, sir. 
 Seu pedido ainda não está pronto, senhor.
e) meal will be ready in 15 minutes. 
 A refeição deles vai estar pronta em 15 minutos.
f) Excuse me, but order comes with a milkshake.
 Com licença, mas meu pedido vem com um milk-shake. 
g) Excuse me for the delay, folks. orders are next in line.
 Desculpas pelo atraso, pessoal. Os seus pedidos são os próximos da f ila.
h) The credit card is not working. magnetic strip is 
 damaged.
 O cartão de crédito não está funcionando. A tarja magnética dele está danif icada.
Notes
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8Delivery.
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Suzie:
We always to want to make the most of our days when we’re traveling. 
So, it’s only natural to leave early in the morning and keep ourselves 
busy exploring the city until late in the evening.
[Arriving at home]
Suzie:
What a day!
Roger:
I know! We did so many things!
Suzie:
We did so many things!
Roger:
We had that great lunch.
Suzie:
We did have that great lunch that I made the reservation to.
Roger:
It was such a great idea on your part! Because we read the reviews f irst, 
and they told us we needed to do that! And then you found online a 
food truck.
Suzie:
That taco truck!
DELIVERY
In this last chapter, we will give you tips on how to order food to be delivered to 
you. We will also cover some important language items to boost your English 
skills. 
Take a look at the script of: Delivery.
Part 1.
Video Script
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Roger:
So good!
Suzie:
It was so good! Wasn’t it amazing?
Roger:
I mean, I don’t know if I’d go “amazing,” but you’re the one who’s going 
to write the review, so...
Suzie:
Mine was really good!
Roger:
Gosh, I’m a bit tired!
Suzie:
I’m a bit tired, too! What do we do when we’re a bit tired?
Roger and Suzie:
We order food online! Yeah!
Suzie:
Well, in fact, ordering online is not the only option to have food delivered 
to you. If you’re staying at a hotel, you might want to try room service! 
And in this case, you’ll probably order over the phone, you’ll look at the 
menu in your room, choose your dish, and call room service to place your 
order. 
There are some restaurants that still take orders over the phone, 
although the online business has been growing fast. After all, it’s easy to 
order online! Since you’ll have the whole menu on your mobile, you can 
either browse online or download some food delivery apps!
Roger:
So, you are going to have many options online, being in a foreign 
country, where you will f ind different delivery in ordering online apps. So 
just f ind whatever works best for you in the location that you’re at!
Suzie:
Location is important! Remember that the app you normally use to order 
food online in your home country may not be international. Or maybe it 
is, but it may not be available in the city where you are. In any of these 
cases, you’ll have to download a new one! But don’t worry, most of 
these apps work in a similar way! 
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If you are logging in for the f irst time, you will have to register. Make 
sure you enter your correct location, including the zip code, then you’ll 
see the list of restaurants available! Choose your dishes, add them to the 
cart and, when you are done, click on “checkout,” choose your payment 
option, and wait for a restaurant confirmation!
Roger:
So, when you go online, after you place your order, you can put in your 
credit card information. And what’s great nowadays is that you can add 
the tip online with your credit card, so you don’t have to worry about 
cash in person! They’ll already be tipped when they deliver the product 
to you!
Suzie:
We’ve ordered a pizza online. The restaurant has confirmed our order, 
and we are just waiting for the doorbell to ring!
[The doorbell rings]
Roger:
Oh, it’s here! I’m going to go get it!
Suzie:
Thank you!
Suzie:
Traveling is about exploring the city! Visiting tourist spots, wandering 
around, but it’s also about tasting new flavors, trying typical dishes and 
going to local restaurants! Don’t miss out on it on your next trip!
ENTREGA
Suzie:
Sempre queremos aproveitar ao máximo nossos dias quando estamos 
viajando! Logo, é normal sairmos cedo pela manhã e nos mantermos 
ocupados explorando a cidade até tarde!
[Chegando em casa]
Suzie:
Que dia!
Roger:
Eu sei! Nós f izemos tantas coisas!
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Suzie:
Fizemos tantas coisas!
Roger:
Tivemos um ótimo almoço.
Suzie:
Realmente, tivemos um ótimo almoço, para o qual eu f iz as reversas.
Roger:
Foi uma ideia tão boa da sua parte! Porque nós lemos as avaliações 
primeiro, e elas diziam que precisávamos fazer isso. E você achou um 
food truck na internet.
Suzie:
Aquele truck de tacos!
Roger:
Ele era muito bom!
Suzie:
Estava bom demais. Não foi incrível?
Roger:
Bom, não sei se eu diria “incrível”, mas é você quem vai fazer a 
avaliação, então...
Suzie:
O meu estava muito bom.
Roger:
Poxa, estou um pouco cansado!
Suzie:
Estou cansada também! E o que nós fazemos quando estamos um 
pouco cansados?
Roger and Suzie:
Pedimos comida on-line! 
Suzie:
Na verdade, fazer um pedido on-line não é a sua única opção de 
entrega de comida! Se você está hospedado em um hotel, talvez queira 
experimentar o serviço de quarto! Nesse caso, você fará o pedido por 
telefone: vai olhar o cardápio no seu quarto, escolher o seu prato, e ligar 
para o serviço de quarto para fazer seu pedido. 
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Alguns restaurantes ainda aceitam pedidos por telefone, mas os 
pedidos on-line vêm crescendo muito; af inal, é fácil fazer seu pedido on-
line! Uma vez que você tem todo o cardápio no seu telefone, você pode 
pesquisar on-line ou baixar alguns aplicativos de entrega!
Roger:
Você terá muitas opções on-line quando estiver fora do seu país, e vai 
achar diferentes aplicativos de entrega e pedidos on-line. Então, basta 
achar aquele que for melhor para você no lugar onde você se encontra.
Suzie:
O lugar onde você está importa! Lembre-se que o aplicativo que você 
costuma usar para pedir comida no seu país de origem talvez não seja 
internacional. Ou talvez seja, mas ele pode não estar disponível na sua cidade 
atual! Em qualquer um desses casos, você terá que baixar um novo! Mas não 
se preocupe, porque a maioria desses aplicativos funciona de forma similar! 
Se você está usando pela primeira vez, terá que se cadastrar. Digite seu 
endereço corretamente, incluindo o código postal, e então você veráa 
lista de restaurantes disponíveis! Escolha seus pratos, adicione eles ao 
carrinho e, quando você terminar, clique em “checkout”, escolha a forma 
de pagamento, e espere pela confirmação do restaurante!
Roger:
Quando você estiver on-line e f izer seu pedido, você pode colocar suas 
informações de cartão de crédito. E é ótimo que atualmente você já pode 
adicionar a gorjeta on-line, com seu cartão de crédito, e não precisa 
se preocupar com o dinheiro pessoalmente! Eles já vão ter recebido a 
gorjeta quando entregarem a comida para você!
Suzie:
Nós pedimos uma pizza on-line; o restaurante confirmou nosso pedido, 
e só estamos esperando a campainha tocar!
[A campainha toca]
Roger:
Chegou! Vou lá pegar!
Suzie:
Obrigada!
Suzie:
Faz parte de viajar explorar a cidade, visitar pontos turísticos, passear, 
e também experimentar novos sabores, provar pratos típicos, e ir a 
restaurantes locais! Não perca essa oportunidade na sua próxima viagem!
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They may also ask about drinks:
Any drinks? / Anything to drink? 
Alguma bebida? 
There is more than one way to order food to be delivered to you.
One of them is over the phone. Whoever answers will probably offer to take your order: 
May I take your order? 
Posso anotar o seu pedido?
How can I help you?
Como posso te ajudar?
And you can place your order outright:
Hello, I’d like to order a large pepperoni pizza, please. 
Olá, eu gostaria de pedir uma pizza grande de pepperoni, por favor.
If you are ordering a dish that needs specif ics, the attendant may ask you for details. 
For example:
I’d like the steak with a side of Greek salad. 
Eu gostaria do bife com salada grega de acompanhamento. 
How do you like you steak? 
Qual o ponto da carne?
Well-done, please. 
Bem passada, por favor.
Vocabulary
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After placing your order, it’s time to provide information for delivery. 
The attendant may ask:
What’s your name? / Can I have your name, please? 
Qual é o seu nome?
What is your telephone number, please? 
Qual é o seu número de telefone?
What’s the address for delivery, please? 
Qual é o endereço para a entrega, por favor?
And the answer should 
be something like: 56 Washington Street. Apartment 12. 
Rua Washington, 56. Apartamento 12.
Cash
Dinheiro em espécie
Debit 
Cartão de débito
Credit 
Cartão de crédito
Notice that you say the number of the house or the building f irst, then the name 
of the street or avenue. At the end, you add extra information, such as the 
apartment number. 
After that, the attendant will probably tell you the total amount and ask about the 
method of payment. The options generally are:
PAYMENT OPTIONS
Sometimes, a delivery fee will be charged. If you want to check it, ask: 
How much is the delivery fee? 
Quanto custa a taxa de entrega?
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To which they could answer, for example: 
It’s 10.99. 
É 10 dólares e 99 centavos.
The delivery service is free of charge. 
O serviço de entrega é gratuito.
Another option to order food is to go online or use food delivery 
apps. If you are using the app or the website for the f irst time, you will 
probably need to register to use it. The common procedure is: 
Delivery fees are not charged at hotels. However, tipping the delivery person 
from hotels or restaurants is customary in the U.S. 
At the end, the attendant may inform an estimate of the waiting time: 
Our delivery time is approximately one hour. 
O tempo para entrega é de aproximadamente uma hora.
Okay, your order will be delivered in 40 minutes. 
Okay, seu pedido será entregue em 40 minutos.
Enter your name and last name. 
Insira seu primeiro nome e sobrenome.
Enter your current address. 
Insira seu endereço atual.
Enter your credit card information. 
Insira as informações do seu cartão de crédito.
REGISTERING 
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Some apps offer the choice between:
If you choose pickup, you will order online, go to the restaurant and get it. There 
are two ways to refer to the food you pick up at the restaurant and eat at home. 
You can call it takeout or takeaway. 
When using the app, choose the dish you want and add it to the cart. 
Some restaurants designate a special space for you to add a note. For example:
Finally, include the tip at the checkout and confirm your order.
The app may have some search f ilters to help you, which generally are in a part 
called refined search. The common filters are:
Cuisine
Tipo de comida
Proximity 
Proximidade
Price points
Faixa de preço
REFINED SEARCH 
Delivery 
Entrega em domicílio
No mayo on the hamburger. 
Sem maionese no hambúrguer.
Pickup
Buscar no restaurante
Extra olives in the salad. 
Porção extra de azeitonas na salada.
Now you know how to order food over the phone,
as well as hints to order food online. 
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A. Number the columns according to the translation of the words.
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.
( 1 ) Cuisine
( 2 ) Cash
( 3 ) Delivery fee
( 4 ) Address
( 5 ) Room service
( 6 ) Pickup option
( 7 ) Proximity
( 8 ) Tip
( 9 ) Register
( 10 ) Price points
( 11 ) Delivery
( 12 ) Refined search
( ) Serviço de quarto
( ) Taxa de entrega
( ) Filtros de busca
( ) Faixa de preços
( ) Opção para buscar 
 a comida
( ) Tipo de comida
( ) Gorjeta
( ) Endereço
( ) Dinheiro vivo / 
 em espécie
( ) Entrega em domicílio
( ) Proximidade
( ) Cadastrar 
a) May I take your ?
 Posso anotar o seu pedido?
b) How much is the ?
 Quanto custa a taxa de entrega? 
c) Our is approximately one hour.
 O tempo para entrega é de aproximadamente uma hora.
d) What’s the for delivery, please?
 Qual é o endereço para a entrega, por favor?
e) Can I have your , please?
 Qual é o seu nome, por favor?
f) What is your , please?
 Qual é o seu número de telefone, por favor?
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In this part of the chapter, we will learn the importance and versatility of modal 
verbs. They are the auxiliary verbs that add meaning to the main verb. All modal 
verbs have the same basic structure:
The modal verb can has several uses in different contexts. One of them, as we 
have already seen, is to make a request: 
Negative Form
SUBJECT + MODAL VERB + NOT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
Sujeito + Modal Verb + Not + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Interrogative Form
MODAL VERB + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
Modal Verb + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Affirmative Form
SUBJECT + MODAL VERB + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
Sujeito + Modal Verb + Verbo Principal + Complemento
MODAL VERBS
Basic Sentence Structure
Can you order a pizza for dinner, please? 
Você pode pedir uma pizza para o jantar, por favor? 
CAN
Making a Request
Part 4.
Grammar
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The idea behind this question is permission, since addresses are private information. 
There is another modal verb that conveys the idea of permission: may.
It is used in the interrogative form to ask for permission to do something. Have a look at theexample:
Note that we always use the first person in this kind of question, both I and we. 
The answer to this question could be:
In this example, we are asking someone to do something for us. To which the person can answer: 
Sure. I can order the pizza from Giovanni’s or from Pizza Place. Which one do you prefer?
Claro. Eu posso pedir a pizza do Giovanni’s ou do Pizza Place. Qual você prefere?
CAN
Possibility
In this case, this person is saying that it is possible to call two restaurants they 
know. So, here, can conveys the idea of possibility. 
As you know, after you’ve placed an order, the clerk will probably ask:
Can I have your address, please? 
Posso anotar seu endereço, por favor?
CAN
Asking for Permission
May I have your address, please? 
Posso anotar seu endereço, por favor? / Você me permite anotar seu endereço, por favor?
MAY
Asking for Permission
Yes, you may have it. 
Sim, você pode anotar meu endereço.
MAY
Granting Permission
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As you can see, to grant permission, we use may in the affirmative form. Notice 
that the answer is in the second person: you, either singular or plural.
In another context, the affirmative form of may expresses the idea of probability. 
When used in this sense, we mean to say that something is likely to happen. Look:
The f irst example conveys a probability: based on experience, since most restaurants do 
charge a delivery fee, we tend to believe that this is likely to happen. On the other hand, 
the second example expresses certainty: the restaurant will charge the fee for sure. 
Now, when something generally happens, we assume it will happen again, and we rely 
on it to make a deduction. And the modal verb we can use for that is should. Look at the 
example:
The restaurant may charge a delivery fee. 
O restaurante pode cobrar uma taxa de entrega. 
É provável / Pode ser que o restaurante cobre uma taxa de entrega.
MAY
Probability
Here, we talk about the probability, the odds of something happening, but it is not 
100% certain.
If we wish to say something is inevitable, that is, it is certain to happen, at least 
from our point of view, we use will. Compare:
The restaurant may charge a delivery fee. 
É provável que o restaurante cobre uma taxa de entrega. 
The restaurant will charge a delivery fee. 
O restaurante vai cobrar uma taxa de entrega.
MAY VS. WILL
I ordered the pizza from that restaurant nearby. They should deliver it soon. 
Eu pedi a pizza daquele restaurante aqui perto. Eles devem entregá-la em breve.
SHOULD
Deduction
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In this case, since the restaurant is nearby, we can deduct it won’t take long for 
the food to arrive.
We can also make a hypothesis about what might happen. To do that, we use 
the modal verb would. 
Summing up: Will expresses the inevitability of an event based on the speaker’s 
point of view or decision; should expresses the logical deduction of something 
happening based on what usually happens; may expresses a big probability 
of something happening; and would expresses something that was going to 
happen hypothetically, but did not.
Now, let’s review the construction would like. Despite using would, the idea here 
is different. 
I thought they would charge a delivery fee, but they didn’t. 
Eu pensei que eles cobrariam uma taxa de entrega, mas não cobraram.
WOULD
Hypothesis
Here, something we thought was going to happen actually didn’t. It refers to a 
hypothesis that proved to be wrong.
We saw several functions of will, should, may, and would. Let’s compare them 
using some examples:
I’m hungry. I will order a pizza.
Estou com fome. Eu vou pedir uma pizza.
If I order it now, it should be here in 30 minutes.
Se eu pedir agora, deve estar aqui em 30 minutos.
I’m hungry. I may order a pizza.
Estou com fome. É provável que eu peça uma pizza.
I would order a pizza, but my friends want to go out. 
Eu pediria uma pizza, mas meus amigos querem sair.
WILL, SHOULD, MAY, AND WOULD
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As you know, this is a polite way to place your order. 
There is also another expression with would that is used it to express preference: 
would rather. It is more polite than saying I prefer. For example:
As you can see from the example, it is possible to use the contracted form I’d 
rather. It is commonly used in spoken English.
We are not raising a hypothesis but making a request. For example:
I would like the steak with a side of Greek salad. 
Eu gostaria do bife com salada grega de acompanhamento.
WOULD LIKE
Making a Request
I would rather (I’d rather) have my steak well-done. 
Eu prefiro comer o bife bem passado.
WOULD RATHER
Preference
Now you know how to talk about deduction, permission, probability, 
requests, hypothesis, and preferences using the modal verbs can, may, 
would, and should. If you want to learn more about these topics, check 
the Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE 
Modal Verb Can Page 189 w
Modal Verb May Page 195 w
Modal Verb Should Page 198 w
Modal Verb Would Page 201 w
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Part 5.
ActivitiesGrammar
a) Can I have your address, please? 
 Posso anotar seu endereço, por favor? 
( ) Probability ( ) Request 
b) The restaurant may charge a delivery fee. 
 O restaurante pode cobrar uma taxa de entrega.
( ) Probability ( ) Preference 
c) I thought they would charge a delivery fee, but they didn’t. 
 Eu pensei que eles cobrariam uma taxa de entrega, mas não cobraram. 
( ) Request ( ) Hypothesis
d) I would like the steak with a side of Greek salad. 
 Eu gostaria do bife com salada grega de acompanhamento.
( ) Request ( ) Deduction
e) I would rather have my steak well-done. 
 Eu prefiro comer o bife bem passado.
( ) Preference ( ) Permission
f) They should deliver it soon. 
 Eles devem entregá-la em breve.
( ) Request ( ) Deduction 
A. Choose the idea conveyed by the sentences. 
Chapter 8 Vocabulary GrammarVocabulary ActivitiesVideo Script Grammar Activities
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Notes
B. Fill in the blanks with can, would, should, will, or may. 
a) you order a pizza for dinner, please? 
 Você pode pedir uma pizza para o jantar, por favor?
b) I have your address, please? 
 Você me permite anotar seu endereço, por favor?
c) The restaurant charge a delivery fee. 
 O restaurante vai cobrar uma taxa de entrega.
d) If I order it now, it be here in 30 minutes.
 Se eu pedir agora, deve estar aqui em 30 minutos.
e) I order a pizza, but my friends want to go out. 
 Eu pediria uma pizza, mas meus amigos querem sair.
f) I like the steak with a side of Greek salad. 
 Eu gostaria do bife com salada grega de acompanhamento.
g) I rather have my steak well-done. 
 Eu prefiro comer o bife bem passado.
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Gram
Guide
mar
Grammar Guide.
Grammar
Guide
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I need to study and write a paper for tomorrow.
Eu preciso estudar e escrever um artigo para amanhã.
The new quarterback played badly. In addition to that, 
he was rude during the press conference.
O novo quarterback jogou mal. Além disso, 
ele foi grosseiro na coletiva de imprensa.
The price is reasonable. Moreover, the location is perfect.
The price is reasonable. Besides that, the location isperfect.
O preço é justo. Além disso, a localização é perfeita.
Connectors are words used to join other words, phrases, sentences, or 
paragraphs. They can be used to convey ideas of addition, contrast, conclusion, 
logical consequence, or cause, among others. Connectors help the f low of the 
speech both in written and spoken language.
In spoken language, it is natural to use fewer connectors, since the sentences 
tend to be shorter. But in written language, it is advisable to connect paragraphs 
and ideas in different ways.
It is important to be able to recognize the connectors when you see them in a text 
to understand the ideas they convey. 
Let’s see a few of them grouped according to their main ideas.
CONNECTORS
Main Verb + Complement
Connectors
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Connectors are also used to contrast ideas and information. 
Some connectors sound more formal than others. Nonetheless, 
they convey the same idea.
These are common connectors used to refer to logical consequences or conclusions. 
CONNECTORS – CONTRAST
CONNECTORS – CONTRAST
CONNECTORS – CONCLUSION
The player had an injury during the game, but he played amazingly.
O jogador sofreu uma lesão durante o jogo, mas jogou de maneira surpreendente.
The player had an injury during the game; however, he played amazingly.
O jogador sofreu uma lesão durante o jogo; no entanto, jogou de maneira surpreendente.
Although she studied hard, she didn’t pass the exam.
Though she studied hard, she didn’t pass the exam.
Embora ela tenha estudado muito, ela não passou na prova.
Our vacations were great in spite of the bad weather.
Our vacations were great despite the bad weather.
Nossas férias foram ótimas, apesar do mau tempo.
The product was damaged, so she asked for a refund.
O produto estava danif icado, então ela pediu um reembolso.
Some clients reported bugs. Therefore, we’ll have to release a new version to fix them.
Alguns clientes relataram erros. Portanto, teremos que lançar uma nova versão para corrigi-los.
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It’s common to use connectors to explain reasons or a cause.
CONNECTORS – REASON
Now you know what connectors are and how to use them. 
Remember that, in most cases, using one or the other is just a matter of choice.
However, one connector may be more appropriate than the other, and that depends on whether 
you are speaking or writing, or on how formal or informal the context is.
I read this book because my friend recommended it.
Eu li esse livro porque um amigo o recomendou.
As I had to arrive earlier at work, I didn’t go to the gym.
Como eu tinha que chegar mais cedo ao trabalho, eu não fui à academia.
The traffic is jammed due to the holiday.
O trânsito está engarrafado devido ao feriado.
They decided not to go to the beach, since it was raining.
Eles decidiram não ir à praia, já que estava chovendo.
Connectors
Grammar
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Contractions are shorter forms of a word, syllable, or word group. They are very 
common in spoken language and informal writing.
In English, two of the most frequent contractions are with the verbs to be and to 
have in the present with subject pronouns.
It’s important to pay special attention to the contraction of these verbs in the third 
person singular—he, she and it. They have the same contracted form, and only the 
context is going to make clear whether ’s stands for the contraction of the verb to be 
or the verb to have.
The verb to be in the present can be contracted with pronouns or nouns either 
when it’s the main verb of a sentence or the auxiliary.
Verb to be
I’m
(I + am)
You’re/We’re/They’re
(You + are / We + are / They + are)
He’s/She’s/It’s
(He + is / She + is / It + is)
Verb to have
I’ve
(I + Have)
You’ve /We’ve/They’ve
(You + have / We + have / They + have)
He’s/She’s/It’s
(He + has / She + has / It + has)
CONTRACTIONS OF VERBS
Present
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CONTRACTIONS
Nouns/Pronouns + Verb To Be (in the present)
CONTRACTIONS
Nouns/Pronouns + Auxiliary Verbs
Verb To Be as the Main Verb
I’m happy for you.
Estou feliz por você.
(I’m = Pronoun + Verb To Be)
Sheila’s here.
Sheila está aqui.
(Sheila’s = Noun + Verb To Be)
I’ve told you.
Eu te disse.
(I’ve = Pronoun + Verb To Have)
The verb “to have” functions as an auxiliary.
O verbo to have funciona como um verbo auxiliar.
Verb To Be as the Auxiliary Verb
I’m going to tell mom the good news.
Eu vou contar para a mamãe as boas notícias.
(I’m = Pronoun + Verb To Be)
She’s staying at the Central Hotel.
Ela está hospedada no Central Hotel.
(She’s = Pronoun + Verb To Be)
We’ll be happy to see you.
Nós f icaremos felizes em vê-lo.
(we’ll = Pronoun + Modal Verb Will)
The modal verb “will” functions as an auxiliary.
O modal verb will funciona como um verbo auxiliar.
For all other verbs that are not the verb to be in the present, the pronouns and 
nouns will only be contracted with auxiliary verbs.
Once again, two different verbs will have the same contracted form—the verb 
to have as an auxiliary verb in its past form had and the modal verb would. Both 
verbs are contracted as ’d. 
Contraction Of Verbs
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In negative statements, auxiliary verbs can also be contracted with the negative 
particle not.
Basically, all auxiliary verbs in English can contract with not; the only exception is the 
f irst person singular of the verb to be in the simple present, am, which does not.
Auxiliary Verbs
 isn’t is + not
 aren’t are + not
 wasn’t was + not
 weren’t were + not
 don’t do + not
 doesn’t does + not
 didn’t did + not
 haven’t have + not
 hasn’t has + not
 hadn’t had + not
Modal Auxiliaries
 won’t will + not
 can’t can + not
 couldn’t could + not
 shouldn’t should + not
 mustn’t must + not
 wouldn’t would + not
 won’t will + not
CONTRACTIONS
Auxiliaries in negative sentences
I’d like to talk to you.
Eu gostaria de conversar com você.
(I’d = Pronoun + Modal Verb Would)
The modal verb “would” functions as an auxiliary.
O modal verb would funciona como um verbo auxiliar.
I’d already talked to you about it.
Eu já tinha falado com você sobre isso.
(I’d = Pronoun + Verb To Have in the Past “had”)
The verb “to have” functions as an auxiliary in its past form.
O verbo to have tem a função de um verbo auxiliar na sua forma passada.
Contraction Of Verbs
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Besides contracting with nouns, pronouns, and the negative particle 
not, the short form ’s (= is) can also be contracted with question 
words and the adverbs here and there, as we can see in the following 
examples.
There are some special cases with the verbs to go, to want, and to get. Some forms of these verbs can 
contract with the preposition to. It is mostly a feature of spoken language, and it is considered very informal. 
What’s up?
E aí?
(The question word “what” + the verb “is” = What’s)
Here’s your document.
Aqui está o seu documento.
(Here + the verb “is” = Here’s)
There’s a problem.
Há um problema.
(There + the verb “is” = There’s)
CONTRACTIONS
Questions Words / Here / There
CONTRACTIONS OF VERBS
Other Verbs – Special Cases
Going + to = Gonna
I’m gonna talk to her.
I’m going to talk to her.
Eu vou falar com ela.
Want + to = Wanna
I wanna be rich.
I want to be rich.
Eu quero ser rico.
Got + to = Gotta
You gotta believe me.
You (have) got to believe me.
Você tem que acreditar em mim.
Now you know a bit more about contractions of verbs.
Contraction Of Verbs
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Nouns can be either countable or uncountable.
Countable nouns are the ones that we can count and thus they have a plural form.
Before countable nouns we can use the indefinite article or cardinal numbers to 
specify the exact amount we are referring to.
However, if we don’t know or don’t want to mention an exact amount, we can 
also use quantifiers to express the idea of quantity. Some quantif iers can only be 
used with countablenouns, such as few to express small quantities, and many 
to express large quantities. 
COUNTABLE NOUNS
There’s a cat in the garden.
Tem um gato no jardim.
(a cat: indefinite article + countable noun in the singular)
There are two cats at my front door.
Tem dois gatos na minha porta da frente.
(two cats: cardinal number + countable noun in the plural)
There were many cats at the adoption fair.
Havia muitos gatos na feira de adoção.
(many cats: quantif ier + countable noun in the plural)
Countable and 
Uncountable Nouns
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COUNTABLE NOUNS
Quantifiers
Small amount
There are few people at the beach.
Há poucas pessoas na praia.
Large amount
There are many people at the beach.
Há muitas pessoas na praia.
Uncountable nouns are the ones you cannot count, and for this 
reason they do not have a plural form.
Uncountable nouns are usually abstract ideas, liquids, grains, gases, 
or natural phenomena. As we usually treat uncountable nouns as 
singular nouns, we do not use the indefinite article with them, since 
the indefinite article means one.
It is important to notice that the concept of countable and 
uncountable nouns is present in several languages, but the words 
that are considered countable or uncountable may vary widely from 
one language to the other. 
In English, the nouns “travel,” “advice,” “information,” “baggage,” and 
“work” are uncountable. However, if you need to count them, there 
are some strategies you can use.
Let’s see an example in which we refer to people, which is a countable noun with irregular plural.
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
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UNCOUNTABLE AND COUNTABLE NOUNS
Similar meanings
Countable
 a journey/trip
 uma jornada/viagem
 a bag/suitcase/backpack
 uma bolsa/maleta/mochila
 a job/project/task
 um trabalho/projeto / uma tarefa
 a recommendation
 uma recomendação
 dollars/euros/reais/yens
 dólares/euros/reais/ienes
Uncountable
travel
viagem
baggage/luggage
bagagem
work
trabalho
advice
conselho
money
dinheiro
This strategy may not work every time, though. You may not want to use a similar 
word, or maybe there isn’t a similar word that f its the context.
In such cases, you can use a quantifier. The most frequent way to quantify 
uncountable nouns is to use either “some” or “(a) piece of” before these nouns.
The expression piece of can be used with not only the indefinite article (a piece of) 
meaning one, but also with cardinal numbers (two pieces of).
The f irst one is to use countable nouns with a similar meaning.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
some and (a) piece of
Some + Uncountable Noun
Can you give me some advice?
Você pode me dar alguns conselhos?
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
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Check some other examples with some and a piece of used with uncountable nouns.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
some and (a) piece of
Equipment – some equipment; a piece of equipment; two pieces of equipment
Equipamento – alguns equipamentos; um equipamento; dois equipamentos
Information – some information; a piece of information; two pieces of information
Informação – algumas informações; uma informação; duas informações
Furniture – some furniture; a piece of furniture; two pieces of furniture
Móvel – alguns móveis; um móvel; dois móveis
News – some news; a piece of news; two pieces of news
Notícia – algumas notícias; uma notícia; duas notícias
Cardinal Number + Piece of + Uncountable Noun
Can you give me two/three/four pieces of advice?
Você pode me dar dois/três/quatro conselhos?
Indefinite Article + Piece of + Uncountable Noun
Can you give me a piece of advice?
Você pode me dar um conselho?
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When referring to gases, grains, and liquids, we can count them by using a 
unit of measurement, such as kilos, liters, or ounces. We can also count the 
containers in which they have been packed.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Units of measurement or containers
Water – liters/bottles/gallons of water
Água – litros/garrafas/galões de água
Rice – kilos/pounds/packs of rice
Arroz – quilos/libras/sacos de arroz
Sugar – cubes/spoons/cups of sugar
Açúcar – torrões/colheres/xícaras de açúcar
Now you know the most frequent countable and uncountable nouns 
and how they can be quantified.
Regarding moods and feelings, it’s not possible to use a piece of, but it’s possible to 
use quantifiers, such as much, some, or little.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Quantifiers
I’ve been under too much pressure lately.
Tenho estado sob muita pressão ultimamente.
I feel a bit frustrated, but I see some hope for the future.
Eu me sinto um pouco frustrado, mas vejo alguma esperança no futuro.
I’d gladly accept a little help from my friends.
Eu aceitaria de bom grado um pouco de ajuda dos meus amigos.
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Grammar
Guide
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Quantifiers are words used to specify quantity, amounts, and degrees. 
They are also determiners because they modify a noun.
In order to study the quantif iers, we’ll divide them into three groups. In the 
f irst group, we’ll place the quantif iers that can be used with countable and 
uncountable nouns. In the second, the ones that can only be used with countable 
nouns, and, in the third, the ones that are only used with uncountable nouns.
Let’s begin with the f irst group, which is composed of quantifiers that can be 
used with both countable and uncountable nouns.
One of the most frequent quantif iers is any, because it can be used for a variety 
of things. Check out some of its uses in the following box.
QUANTIFIERS
Countable and Uncountable Nouns 
ANY
I don’t have any doubt.
Eu não tenho nenhuma dúvida.
(Any emphasizes the negative. There is no doubt, not even one).
I could eat any of these. They all look delicious.
Eu poderia comer qualquer um desses. Todos parecem deliciosos.
(Any means “whichever;” it conveys the idea that it doesn’t matter which).
Is there any student in the library?
Tem algum aluno na biblioteca?
(Any is used to ask if there is none, one, or more kids at the library).
Still looking at quantif iers that can be used with countable and uncountable 
things, some, enough, and all are also very common.
Quantifiers
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Let’s see two examples with each of them. One example with a countable noun 
and another example with an uncountable noun.
The quantif ier some is used to express an unknown or unspecified amount.
QUANTIFIERS
Countable and Uncountable Nouns 
SOME
There are some kids waiting for Halloween treats.
Há algumas crianças esperando doces de Dia das Bruxas.
(We don’t know the exact number of kids, but it’s possible to count them).
I need to drink some water.
Eu preciso beber um pouco de água.
(It’s not possible to count water, unless it’s in a container).
Would you like some coffee?
Você gostaria de um pouco de café?
(It’s commonly used to offer things).
Enough is used to say that it is the exact quantity or amount that is required. 
It’s similar to sufficient.
QUANTIFIERS
Countable and Uncountable Nouns 
ENOUGH
We have enough Halloween treats for the kids.
Temos doces de Dia das Bruxas o suficiente para as crianças.
(The Halloween treats we have are suff icient).
You haven’t drunk enough water.
Você não bebeu água o suficiente.
(As it’s a negative statement, the water you’ve drunk wasn’t enough).
Quantifiers
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All is used to express the total amount of something.
QUANTIFIERS
Countable and Uncountable Nouns 
ALL
All the kids will have Halloween treats.
Todas as crianças receberão doces de Dia das Bruxas.
(100% of the kids will have the treats).
It’d be nice if all the water on the planet were drinkable.
Seria bom se toda a água do planeta fosse potável.
(All means the whole or 100% of something)
The quantif iers more, a lot of, most, lots of, and less can be used with both 
countable and uncountable nouns.
More is used to state a greater or an additional amount. A lot of or lots ofmeans a 
large number or amount, and both expressions are interchangeable. Lots of is more 
informal, though. Most is used to express the greatest amount or degree, whereas 
less means the smallest amount possible. 
QUANTIFIERS
Countable and Uncountable Nouns 
MORE
I need to sleep more.
Eu preciso dormir mais.
A LOT OF / LOTS OF
I wish I had a lot of money. / I wish I had lots of money.
Eu gostaria de ter muito dinheiro.
MOST
Most people are good.
A maioria das pessoas é boa.
(Most people = The majority of people)
LESS
I couldn’t care less.
Eu não poderia me importar menos.
(It’s the smallest degree)
Quantifiers
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We are now going to the second group, which is composed of the quantif iers that 
can only be used with nouns we can count.
Many is a common quantif ier to specify a large amount.
MANY
There are many apples in the fruit basket.
Tem muitas maçãs na fruteira.
(We don’t know the exact number, but we know that there is a big quantity).
How many apples do I need to make the pie?
De quantas maçãs eu preciso para fazer a torta?
(I want to know the exact quantity).
QUANTIFIERS
Countable Nouns
The opposite of many is few, or a few. Both indicate a small quantity or number of 
things. However, there’s a slight difference in meaning: we use few when the small 
quantity carries a negative meaning, that is, the small quantity isn’t desired or isn’t 
considered enough. On the other hand, a few carries a positive meaning, so, it’s 
used when the small quantity is considered good or enough.
FEW / A FEW
Few students knew the answer.
Poucos alunos sabiam a resposta.
(In this case, a small quantity isn’t good or desired. It’d be better 
if all or the majority knew the answer).
We are a few miles from the airport.
Estamos a poucos quilômetros do aeroporto.
(In this case, being near the airport carries a positive idea. 
 It’s something good or desired).
QUANTIFIERS
Countable Nouns
Quantifiers
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There are other quantif iers used with countable nouns, such as several, both, 
and each.
Several is used to express more than two countable things or people. Both is 
used to identify two people or things together, and each refers to every single 
individual or thing in a universe of two or more people or things.
QUANTIFIERS
Countable Nouns
SEVERAL
It took me several days to figure it out.
Levei vários dias para entender.
(More than two days; it could be replaced by many days).
BOTH
I like both dresses.
Eu gosto de ambos vestidos.
(Both = two).
EACH
I know each student’s needs.
Eu sei as necessidades de cada aluno.
(Each = every single student).
It’s time to look at the third group: quantif iers that can only be used 
with uncountable nouns.
We use much to refer to a large amount, usually in negative 
sentences, or to ask questions about amounts.
MUCH
We don’t have much time.
Não temos muito tempo.
How much time do you have?
Quanto tempo você tem?
QUANTIFIERS
Uncountable Nouns
Quantifiers
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Now you know what a quantifier is, and how and when to use the most common ones.
The quantif iers a little and little are used with uncountable nouns to express a small 
amount of something. The difference is that a little implies that this small amount is 
good and enough, and little implies that it isn’t good. 
A LITTLE / LITTLE
I have a little money.
Eu tenho um pouco de dinheiro.
(It’s a positive thing because I have it).
I have little money.
Eu tenho pouco dinheiro.
(It’s negative because I don’t have enough. I wish I had more).
QUANTIFIERS
Uncountable Nouns
Quantifiers
Grammar
Guide
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I can’t drive.
Eu não posso dirigir.
(subject: I + modal verb: can + not (can’t) + main verb: drive)
I can’t play the piano.
Eu não posso tocar piano.
(subject: I + modal verb: can + not (can’t) + main verb: play + 
complement: the piano)
I can drive.
Eu posso dirigir.
(subject: I + modal verb: can + main verb: drive)
I can play the piano.
Eu posso tocar piano.
(subject: I + modal verb: can + main verb: play + complement: the piano)
Modal verbs function as auxiliary verbs, adding meaning to the main verb. 
Modal verbs express possibility, probability, ability, permission, assumption, 
obligation, or prohibition.
Modal verbs have the same sentence structure. In the affirmative, the structure 
is the subject, the modal verb followed by the main verb in the base form, and 
it can be followed by a complement or not.
In negative sentences, we keep the same pattern, but include NOT after the 
modal verb. We generally use the contracted form can’t.
MODAL VERBS
Affirmative Form
MODAL VERBS
Negative Form
Modal Verb Can
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Can you drive?
Você pode dirigir?
(modal verb: can + subject: you + main verb: drive)
Can you play the piano?
Você pode tocar piano?
(modal verb: can + subject: you + main verb: play + complement: the piano)
In interrogative sentences, we invert the position of the modal verb and the subject. 
The structure is the modal verb, the subject, the main verb in the base form, and a 
complement, when necessary. 
The modal verb can in its aff irmative form typically expresses possibility, present ability, 
and permission. In the negative form, it expresses lack of possibility, lack of ability, and lack 
of permission.
MODAL VERBS
Interrogative Form
MODAL VERBS
Uses
Affirmative
Possibility
I can meet you later.
Eu posso te encontrar mais tarde.
Present Ability
I can dance very well.
Eu posso/sei dançar muito bem.
Permission
You can come in. 
Você pode entrar.
Negative
Lack of Possibility
I can’t meet you later.
Eu não posso te encontrar mais tarde.
Lack of Ability
I can’t dance very well.
Eu não posso/sei dançar muito bem.
Lack of Permission
You can’t come in.
Você não pode entrar.
Modal Verb Can
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Interrogative
Asking a Favor
Can you help me?
Eu não posso te encontrar mais tarde.
Asking for Permission
Can I come in?
Eu não posso/sei dançar muito bem.
Asking about Possiblity
Can we meet after work?
Você não pode entrar.
As for the interrogative form, the modal verb can is typically used to 
make requests. It’s used to ask for favors and for permission, or to 
ask about the possibility of something happening. 
MODAL VERB CAN
Uses
It’s important to acknowledge that these uses are usually easily noticed within the context, since the same 
sentence in different contexts may have different meanings. 
You can speak English.
Você pode/sabe falar inglês.
It’s possible for you to speak English in a certain situation.
É possível que você fale inglês em determinada situação.
You have the ability to speak English.
Você tem habilidade para falar inglês.
You have permission to speak English in a certain situation.
Você tem permissão para falar inglês em determinada situação.
MODAL VERB CAN
Contexts
And this is how you use the modal verb can. 
Modal Verb Can
Grammar
Guide
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Modal verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add 
meaning to the main verb. Modal verbs can express possibility, probability, 
ability, permission, assumption, obligation, or prohibition.
Modal verbs follow the same sentence structure. Let’s look at structures 
in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms.
In the affirmative, the structure is the subject, the modal verb, and the main 
verb in the base form, which may be followed by a complement or not. 
Take a look at the table.
In negative sentences, we’ll include the word not after the modal verb. 
When we use the negative form, we generally use the contracted form couldn’t.
Subject + Modal Verb + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement
We could go to the gym.
Nós poderíamos ir à academia.
Subject + Modal Verb + Not + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement
We couldn’t go to the gym.
Nós não pudemos ir à academia.
MODAL VERBS
Affirmative
MODAL VERBS
Negative
Modal Verb Could
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It’s important to notice that modal verbs in general should be associated with their functions in the context, 
and not with time (past, present or future). This is particularly important when analyzing the modal verb 
could, since the time reference may change drastically according to its function in the context.
The modal verb could in its affirmative and negative forms can be used to express probability or lack of 
probability, either of a present or a future event. It can also refer to abilities, but in such case, could refers to 
past abilities.
Mary is not home right now. She’s usually at her parents’ in the morning. She could be there.
Mary não está em casa agora. Ela geralmente está na casa de seus pais de manhã. Ela pode estar lá.
(She could be there = It’s possible that she is there)
Mary’s parents are out of town. She couldn’t be there.
Os pais da Mary estão fora da cidade. Ela não poderia estar lá.
(She couldn’t be there = It’s not possible for her to be there)
MODAL VERB COULD
Probability / Lack of Probability (in the Present)
To make interrogative sentences, the modal verb is placed before the subject.
Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement
Could we go to the gym together?
Nós poderíamos ir à academia juntos?
MODAL VERBS
Interrogative
We can also use the modal verb could to talk about probability in the future, that is, the chances for 
something to happen.
MODAL VERB COULD
Probability / Lack of Probability (in the Future)
Sylvia is an excellent professional. I think she could be the new manager.
A Sylvia é uma profissional excelente. Eu acho que ela poderia ser a nova gerente.
(She could be the new manager = It’s likely to happen)
Brian is just as good. But he couldn’t be the new manager; he has no management skills.
Brian é tão bom quanto ela. Mas ele não poderia ser o novo gerente; ele não tem habilidades gerenciais.
(He couldn’t be the new manager = It’s not likely to happen)
Modal Verb Could
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Could you lend me your car?
Você poderia me emprestar o seu carro?
Could I borrow your car?
Eu poderia pegar o seu carro emprestado?
However, when we use the modal verb could to refer to ability, we are referring to abilities 
people had in the past, and that they probably don’t have anymore, or, in the case of negative 
sentences, abilities people didn’t have in the past.
Kevin won a lot of football tournaments back in our school days. Boy, he could run!
Kevin ganhou muitos torneios de futebol americano na época de escola. Cara, como ele 
sabia/podia correr!
George was a good player, but he couldn’t run long distances.
George era um bom jogador, mas ele não sabia/podia correr distâncias longas.
MODAL VERB COULD
Ability / Lack of Ability (in the Past)
The modal verb could in the interrogative form is used to ask about possibilities 
or abilities in the past. 
Could you meet me at the coffee shop tomorrow?
Você poderia me encontrar no café amanhã?
(Asking about possibilities for the future)
Could you speak English by the time you lived abroad?
Você podia/sabia falar inglês quando morou fora?
(Asking about past ability in the past)
MODAL VERB COULD
In the interrogative, the modal verb could is also very frequently used to make 
requests in a polite way, either asking for a favor or for permission.
MODAL VERB COULD
Making Requests
And now you know how to use the modal verb could. 
Modal Verb Could
Grammar
Guide
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Modal verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add meaning 
to the main verb. Modal verbs can express possibility, probability, ability, 
permission, assumption, obligation, or prohibition.
The sentence structure of modal verbs follows the same pattern: 
MODAL VERBS
Sentence Structure
Affirmative Form
Subject + Modal Verb + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Sujeito + Modal Verb + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento (se necessário)
Negative Form
Subject + Modal Verb + Not + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Sujeito + Modal Verb + Not + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento (se necessário)
Interrogative Form
Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Modal Verb + Sujeito + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento (se necessário)
Modal Verb May
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It may rain.
Pode chover. / Pode ser que chova.
(There is a reasonable chance that it will rain).
I may go to the party.
Eu posso ir à festa. / Pode ser que eu vá à festa.
(There is a reasonable chance that I will go to the party).
She may be at home.
Ela pode estar em casa. / Pode ser que ela esteja em casa.
(There is a reasonable chance that she will be home).
I may not be the best student in class, but I’m very dedicated.
Eu posso não ser o melhor aluno da turma, mas eu sou muito dedicado.
Be careful with the pieces of news you read on social media. They may not be true.
Tenha cuidado com notícias que você lê nas redes sociais. Elas podem não ser verdadeiras.
Researchers may not be able to find the cure to some diseases, 
but they’ve been doing their best.
Pesquisadores podem (até) não ser capazes de achar a cura para algumas doenças, 
mas eles têm dado o melhor de si.
MODAL VERB MAY
Expressing Probability
MODAL VERB MAY
Expressing Unlikely Things
The modal verb may can be used to express probability.
In such cases, we are saying that something is likely to happen, that there’s a 
chance that something will happen. For example: 
The modal verb may can also be used to say that there 
is a chance that something does not happen. 
In this case, we use it in the negative form. Take a look: 
Modal Verb May
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It is rare to see may in the interrogative form to give the idea of probability. 
The interrogative form is used as a formal way to ask for permission. In such 
cases, may is used in questions in the first person, either singular or plural.
When we ask for permission, the interrogative form can only be used in the first person. 
However, when we answer these permission requests, that is, when we give permission or not, we will use 
the aff irmative or the negative forms in the second person. Have a look: 
MODAL VERB MAY
Asking for Permission
MODAL VERB MAY
Giving Permission (or not)
Excuse me, Ms. Sullivan. May I come in?
Com licença, senhora Sullivan. Eu posso entrar?
(May I come in? = First person singular – I).
May we talk to you for a minute, sir?
Nós podemos falar com senhor por um minuto?
(May we talk…? = First person plural – We).
Asking for permission: Excuse me, Ms. Sullivan. May I come in?
 Com licença, senhora Sullivan. Eu posso entrar?
Giving permission, or not: Yes, you may come in. / No, you may not come in.
 Sim, você pode entrar. / Não, você não pode entrar.
Asking for permission: May we talk to you for a minute, sir?
 Nós podemos falar com o senhor por um minuto?
Giving permission, or not: Yes, you may. / No, you may not.
 Sim, vocês podem. / Não, vocês não podem.
And now you know how to use the modal verb may. 
Modal Verb May
Grammar
Guide
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Modal verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add meaning 
to the main verb.
Modal verbs will follow the same sentence structure in the aff irmative, negative, 
and interrogative forms. Check the following table to see how it works:
MODAL VERBS
Sentence Structure
Modal Verb Should
Affirmative Form
Subject + Modal Verb + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Sujeito + Modal Verb + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento (se necessário)
Negative Form
Subject + Modal Verb + Not + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Sujeito + Modal Verb + Not + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento (se necessário)
Interrogative Form
Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Modal Verb + Sujeito + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento(se necessário)
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You should clean your room.
Você deve limpar o seu quarto.
(It’s your responsibility).
People should respect other people’s choices.
As pessoas devem respeitar as escolhas de outras pessoas.
(It’s a social rule).
MODAL VERB SHOULD
Expressing Obligations and Duties
Depending on the context, sentences with the modal verb should can be understood 
as a polite way to talk about obligations and duties. Have a look at some examples: 
In some other cases, should expresses that something is probable because it is logical or normal, 
that is, you refer to a deduction. For instance: 
MODAL VERB SHOULD
Deductions
She left home half an hour ago. She should be arriving.
Ela saiu de casa meia hora atrás. Ela deve estar chegando.
(It’s a deduction based on the time she left her house and how far her home is from here)
The singer should launch her new album next month.
A cantora deve lançar o seu novo álbum mês que vem.
(Deduction based on behavior or clues).
You should check the airline policies before you pack.
Você deve verif icar as políticas da companhia aérea antes de fazer as malas.
You shouldn’t drink so much coffee.
Você não deve beber tanto café.
MODAL VERB SHOULD
Advice and Recommendation
The modal verb should has different uses. One of the most frequent is to give advice or 
recommendations. For example: 
Modal Verb Should
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MODAL VERB SHOULD
Different Meanings Depending on the Context
You should get here before noon.
Você deve chegar aqui antes de meio-dia.
• It could be a piece of advice
• Poderia ser um conselho
• It could be your duty 
• Poderia ser sua obrigação
• It could be the speaker’s expectation
• Poderia ser uma expectativa do falante
And this is how you use the modal verb should. 
When talking about modals, the meaning we want to convey 
depends on the context. The same sentence may have different 
meanings. Compare: 
Modal Verb Should
Grammar
Guide
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Modal Verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add meaning to the main 
verb. They express possibility, probability, ability, permission, assumption, obligation, or 
prohibition.
The structure of the modal verbs follows the same pattern. Check the following table.
In some cases, the modal verb would is used as a softer and less definitive form of the modal will, 
or as the past of will when we are reporting sentences.
Expressing hypothesis is one of the most common uses of the modal verb would. And since it is 
used to express hypothetical situations, you’ll see that it is used in many conditional sentences.
In such cases, we’ll use a clause with would to refer to unreal or uncertain situations together with 
an if-clause.
MODAL VERBS
Sentence Structure
Affirmative Form
Subject + Modal Verb + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Sujeito + Modal Verb + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento (se necessário)
Negative Form
Subject + Modal Verb + Not + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Sujeito + Modal Verb + Not + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento (se necessário)
Interrogative Form
Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Modal Verb + Sujeito + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento (se necessário)
Modal Verb Would
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We can also use would to make polite requests. If we observe it carefully, we’ll see that it’s still 
a request made from a hypothetical perspective, but now you are actually asking something 
from someone.
MODAL VERB WOULD
Polite Requests and Offers
If I had a lot of money, I would travel the world.
Se eu tivesse muito dinheiro, viajaria pelo mundo.
(I don’t have a lot of money. So, traveling the world is just a hypothetical situation.)
Would you invite your boss for your birthday?
Você convidaria o seu chefe para o seu aniversário?
(The question is asked out of curiosity. It’s a hypothetical situation.)
If I were you, I wouldn’t go the Caribbean now. It’s hurricane season.
Se eu fosse você, eu não iria para o Caribe agora. É temporada de furacão.
(It’s a hypothetical situation because I am not you, and I am not going to the Caribbean.)
MODAL VERB WOULD
Hypothesis
Polite Requests Polite Offers
Would you help me with my project? Would you like some coffee?
Você me ajudaria com o meu projeto? Você aceitaria um café?
Would you go to the grocery store for me? Would you like me to drive you home?
Você iria ao supermercado para mim? Você gostaria que eu te levasse para casa?
Modal Verb Would
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And this is how you use the modal verb would. 
Would is also used to talk about a past habit or to express refusal in the past.
We can use would in expressions too. Would rather is used to say we prefer 
one thing to another. Most of the times, we use the contracted form, which is 
“I’d rather.”
Another commonly used expression with would is “would mind.” We use it to ask for favors or permission. 
But the structure is a bit different. Check it out in the following box. 
I asked her what was going on, but she wouldn’t tell me.
Perguntei o que estava acontecendo, mas ela não quis me dizer.
(I asked her in the past and she refused to tell me.)
When I was younger, I would argue with my brother all the time.
Quando eu era mais novo, eu discutia com meu irmão o tempo todo.
(It was a typical behavior in the past.)
I’d rather stay home tonight. I’m tired.
Eu prefiro f icar em casa hoje à noite. Estou cansado(a).
MODAL VERB WOULD
Talk about a past habit or express refusal in the past
MODAL VERB WOULD
Expressions – Would Rather
MODAL VERB WOULD
Expressions – Would Mind
Asking for a favor Asking for permission
Would you mind opening the window? Would you mind if I opened the window?
Você se importaria de abrir a janela? Você se importaria se eu abrisse a janela?
(Would you mind + verb in the -ING form) (Would you mind if + subject + verb in the past)
Modal Verb Would
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Grammar
Guide
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my dog
meu cachorro
(It’s not your dog or his dog, it is my dog)
our house
nossa casa
(It’s not a house or a beautiful house, it is our house)
their books
os livros deles
(It’s not just any book, it is their books)
Possessive adjectives are always used before a noun, and they determine who 
possesses the noun to which they refer.
Take a look at the following table to see all the possessive adjectives in English.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
 Singular Plural
 My Our
 meu(s), minha(s) nosso(s), nossa(s)
 
 Your Your
 teu(s), tua(s), seu(s), sua(s) seus, suas, de vocês
 His
 seu(s), sua(s), dele
 Her Their
 seu(s), sua(s), dela seus, suas, deles, delas
 Its
 seu(s), sua(s), dele, dela
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Second person
Third person
First person
Possessive Adjectives 
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Is this cute boy your son?
Este menino fofo é seu/teu f ilho?
Este menino fofo é f ilho de vocês?
It is important to notice that possessive adjectives in English do not suffer 
number or gender variations according to the nouns to which they are referring, 
as opposed to what happens in several other languages.
That means that the possessive adjectives will keep the same form whether they 
are referring to a singular noun or to a plural noun, as well as to a masculine, 
neutral, or female noun.
Let’s take a closer look at each one of them.
For the first person, we’ll use the possessive adjective my in the singular or our 
in the plural.
This is my dog.
Este é o meu cachorro.
That is our house.
Aquela é nossa casa.
These are my daughters.
Estas são minhas f ilhas.
Those are our sons.
Aqueles são nossos f ilhos.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
First Person (singular and plural)
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Second Person
For the second person, we’ll use your. This possessive adjective will 
be the same for both the singular and plural forms, and only the 
context will make it clear if we are referring to one or more owners.Possessive Adjectives
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Jeff is my best friend. I’m going to his birthday party.
Jeff é o meu melhor amigo. Eu estou indo à sua festa de aniversário.
I’m going to Jeff’s birthday party.
Eu estou indo à festa de aniversário do Jeff.
(Jeff’s name wasn’t mentioned before, so the possessive case is used 
because it makes it clear whose birthday party it is.)
(O nome do Jeff não havia sido mencionado anteriormente, então usa-se o 
possessive case porque ele deixa claro de quem é a festa de aniversário.)
When we express possession referring to the third person, singular or plural, 
we can use the possessive case or the possessive adjectives his, her, its in the 
singular, or their in the plural.
The possessive case might be preferred if it is not clear in the context to whom 
we are referring. 
POSSESSIVE CASE
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE
If the context makes it clear to whose party we are referring, we can replace the 
possessive case with a third person possessive adjective. 
For the third person singular, we’ll use the possessive adjectives his for a masculine owner, her for feminine, 
and, for other cases, we will use its.
George is traveling with his wife.
George está viajando com a sua esposa / a esposa dele.
(We used “his” because we are talking about George’s wife, and George is a man.)
(Usamos his porque estamos nos referindo à esposa do George, e George é um homem.)
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Third Person Singular
Possessive Adjectives
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George and Paula are traveling with their son.
George e Paula estão viajando com o seu f ilho / o f ilho deles.
The kids are playing with their toys.
As crianças estão brincando com os seus brinquedos / os brinquedos delas.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Third Person Plural
In the third person plural, we will use their regardless of the gender.
Paula is traveling with her husband.
Paula está viajando com o seu marido / o marido dela.
(We used “her” because we are talking about Paula’s husband, and Paula is a woman.)
(Usamos her porque estamos nos referindo ao marido da Paula, e Paula é uma mulher.)
Don’t use this computer. Its keyboard is not working.
Não use este computador. Seu teclado / O teclado dele não está funcionando.
(We used “its” because we are talking about the computer keyboard, which is an object.)
(Usamos its porque estamos nos referindo ao teclado do computador, que é um objeto.)
And this is how we use the possessive adjectives in English.
Possessive Adjectives
Grammar
Guide
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The possessive case is used in English to express possession, as well 
as interpersonal relationships, such as family, friendship, or hierarchic 
relationships.
The structure of the possessive case is the following:
POSSESSIVE CASE ( ’S)
( 1 ) Noun identifying who owns something. 
( 2 ) Particle that identif ies the possession or relationship (’s).
( 3 ) Noun identifying the element that is possessed.
These are Mary’s shoes.
Estes são os sapatos da Mary.
That is Julia’s cat.
Aquele é o gato da Julia.
This is Martin’s son.
Este é o filho do Martin.
Mr. Johnson is Karen’s boss.
Sr. Johnson é o chefe da Karen.
There are situations in which more than one person will be identif ied as the 
owner of an object or animal, or even some sort of relationship. In such cases, we 
may identify each of these people, but there are two different ways to build this 
structure.
(1) (2) (3)
(1) (2) (3)
(1) (2) (3)
(1) (2) (3)
Possessive Case
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In the first situation we’re going to explore, there is only one object that is 
shared by two or more people, so we don’t repeat the apostrophe + S indicating 
possession; that means we’ll use it only once, after the last noun.
POSSESSIVE CASE
POSSESSIVE CASE
One element two or more owners
One apostrophe + s (’s) after the last noun
This is Peter and John’s bedroom.
Este é o quarto do Peter e do John.
(There is only one bedroom owned by Peter and John)
(Há apenas um quarto que pertence a Peter e John)
Molly is Carol and Tom’s daughter.
A Molly é f ilha da Carol e do Tom.
(Both Carol and Tom are Molly’s parents)
(Tanto Carol quanto Tom são pais da Molly)
Two or more elements two or more owners
One apostrophe + s (’s) after the last noun
These are Peter’s and John’s beds.
Estas são as camas do Peter e do John.
(There are two beds: one belongs to Peter and the other, to John)
(Há duas camas: uma pertence a Peter, e a outra, a John)
These are Peter’s and John’s bikes.
Estas são as bicicletas do Peter e do John.
(There are two bikes: one belongs to Peter and the other, to John)
(Há duas bicicletas: uma pertence a Peter, e a outra, a John)
In the other situation, there is more than one object that belongs to different 
people. In this case, we’ll repeat the apostrophe + S indicating possession 
after each person.
Possessive Case
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When the noun identifying who owns the element is in the plural 
and ends in -S, we will add just an apostrophe.
For singular nouns ending in -S or for nouns with irregular plural, 
we will use the apostrophe + S.
There are still cases in which we omit the noun that identif ies the 
element we are talking about. That happens when it’s clear in the 
context what we are talking about. 
POSSESSIVE CASE
POSSESSIVE CASE
Nouns ending in -S
Owner in the plural ending in -S
Add just the apostrophe (’) 
These are the girls’ shoes.
Estes são os sapatos das meninas.
Those are the boys’ bikes.
Aquelas são as bicicletas dos meninos.
This is the kids’ bedroom.
Este é o quarto das crianças.
That is my boss’s wife.
Aquela é a esposa do meu chefe.
This is Jonas’s bedroom.
Este é o quarto do Jonas.
These are the children’s games.
Estes são os jogos das crianças.
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POSSESSIVE CASE
Is this Mark’s bedroom?
Esse é o quarto do Mark?
No, this is Peter’s.
Não, esse é do Peter.
(We can omit the noun “bedroom” in the answer since it’s clear that we are talking about it.)
(Podemos omitir o substantivo “bedroom” na resposta, pois f ica claro que estamos falando sobre isso.)
Are you going home?
Você está indo para casa?
Yes, but I’ll stop by Julia’s first.
Sim, mas eu vou passar na Julia primeiro.
(It’s clear in this context that we are referring to Julia’s house, so we can omit the noun “house.”)
(É claro pelo contexto que estamos nos referindo à casa da Julia, por isso podemos 
omitir o substantivo “house”.)
That’s it. Now you know the structure and the use of the possessive case.
Possessive Case
Grammar
Guide
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It’s a really interesting topic.
É um tema realmente interessante.
(The adverb “really” emphasizes the fact that I f ind it interesting).
(O advérbio “realmente” enfatiza o fato de eu achar interessante).
Intensifiers are words, adverbs or adverbial phrases used to intensify the 
meaning of other words and expressions—such as verbs, adjectives and other 
adverbs—and to show emphasis. 
In English, very is the most common intensifier, and it can be combined with a great variety of adjectives. It 
is important to highlight, though, that when we use strong adjectives such as huge, gorgeous, and awful, for 
example, we do not use very before them.
These adjectives are called strong or extreme adjectives, and they already contain the idea of “very” in 
their definitions. 
INTENSIFIERS
 very + adjective strong adjective/adverb
 very big huge
 muito grande enorme
 very beautiful gorgeous
 muito bonito(a) lindo(a)
 very bad awful
 muito ruim horrível
 very + adjective strong adjective/adverb
 very good excellent
 muito bom excelente
 very nice amazing
 muito legal incrível
 very clear obvious
 muito claro óbvio 
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
Since, During, and For
Intensifiers 
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INTENSIFIERS
Strong adjectives
But it is possible to emphasize strong adjectives. You cannot use very before strong adjectives,but it’s possible to combine them with some other intensif iers, such as absolutely, completely, 
quite, or really.
This boat is really huge.
Esse barco é realmente enorme.
(The intensif ier “really” was used to emphasize the strong adjective “huge”)
Mary is absolutely gorgeous.
Mary é absolutamente linda.
(The intensif ier “absolutely” was used to emphasize the strong adjective “gorgeous”)
It’s quite awful.
Isso é bem horrível.
(The intensif ier “quite” was used to emphasize the strong adjective “awful”)
To intensify comparatives, we can use a lot or much, for example.
Paris is a lot prettier than I thought.
Paris é muito mais bonita do que eu pensava.
This hotel is much more expensive.
Este hotel é muito mais caro.
INTENSIFIERS
Comparatives
Intensifiers 
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Now you know what the present continuous is all about: you’ve seen its 
structure, some examples, and how to properly use it.
And now you know some ways to express emphasis 
using different intensifiers in English.
I’m not worried at all.
Não estou nem um pouco preocupado.
What on earth is happening here?
Que diabos está acontecendo aqui?
OTHER INTENSIFIERS
There are other intensif iers. In negative sentences, at all is 
a common intensif ier. And, with WH questions (questions 
containing question words), the expression on earth can be 
used as an intensif ier. When that happens, it usually suggests 
disapproval. 
This experience was by far the most interesting.
Esta experiência foi de longe a mais interessante.
If we want to intensify superlatives, we can use by far, for example.
INTENSIFIERS
Superlatives
Intensifiers 
Grammar
Guide
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Common question words include what, when, where, which, why, who, 
and how. On this grammar guide, we’ll focus on the question word how.
The question word how means “in what way” or “to what extent” and, as all the 
other question words, it can be used in direct and indirect questions.
QUESTION WORD – HOW
Direct and Indirect Questions
How are you feeling?
Como você está se sentindo?
(Direct Question: How + Structure of the Interrogative Form)
Can you tell me how you are feeling?
Você pode me dizer como está se sentindo?
(Indirect Question: How + Structure of the Affirmative Form)
The structure for direct questions is the question word followed by the 
interrogative form, and it can be used with different verb forms. 
In the simple present, we can use how with the verb to be or with other verbs. 
The difference is that when the verb to be is the main verb, we do not use an 
auxiliary verb. For all the other verbs, an auxiliary must be used to create the 
questions.
Check out some examples:
QUESTION WORD – HOW
Simple Present
Structure: How + Verb To Be + Subject + Complement (if necessary)
How are the kids?
Como estão as crianças?
(main verb is the verb to be = do not use an auxiliary verb)
Question Word - How 
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Structure: How + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form 
+ Complement (if necessary)
How do you go to work?
Como você vai para o trabalho?
(main verb is not the verb to be = the auxiliary verb do must be used)
Structure: How + Verb to Be + Subject + Complement (if necessary)
How was the game?
Como foi o jogo?
(main verb is the verb to be = do not use an auxiliary verb)
Structure: How + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form + 
Complement (if necessary)
How did you go to the game?
Como você foi para o jogo?
(main verb is not the verb to be = the auxiliary verb did must be used)
How can also be used in the simple past, and the structure will follow the same 
pattern of the simple present. The difference is that the verb to be or the auxiliary 
verb will be conjugated in the past. 
The question word how can also be used with continuous forms such as the 
present and the past continuous. In this case, we’ll use how followed by the 
interrogative form of these structures.
For the interrogative form of the present and past continuous, the verb to be 
works as an auxiliary verb, followed by the subject, the main verb in the -ING 
form, and a complement, if necessary.
QUESTION WORD – HOW
Simple Past
Question Word - How
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Structure: How + Verb to Be + Subject + Main Verb in the -ING Form + 
Complement (if necessary)
How are you organizing your tasks?
Como você está organizando as suas tarefas?
(I am asking about an action that is in progress now)
How were you feeling when you started therapy?
Como você estava se sentindo quando iniciou a terapia?
(I asked about a feeling that was going on before the person decided to start therapy)
QUESTION WORD – HOW
Present and Past Continuous
It is also possible to use how with perfect forms such as the present perfect and 
the present perfect continuous.
Structure: How + Verb To Have + Subject + 
Main Verb in the Past Participle + Complement (if necessary)
How have you been?
Como você tem estado?
(I want to know how this person has been lately or since I last saw him or her)
Structure: How + Verb To Have + Subject + Been + 
Main Verb in the –ING Form + Complement (if necessary)
How have you been dealing with this situation?
Como você tem lidado com essa situação?
(It’s an ongoing situation that started in the past and is still going on)
QUESTION WORD – HOW
Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
Question Word - How
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Structure: How + Modal Verb + Subject + 
Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
How should we help her?
Como devemos ajudá-la?
(Should works as an auxiliary, and it was used to ask for 
guidance or recommendation)
How can we go to the party?
Como podemos ir para a festa?
(Can works as an auxiliary, and it shows the idea of possibility)
We also use how with modal 
verbs. In this case, they come right 
after the question word.
If you want to ask more specif ic questions using how, you can use an 
adjective or an adverb after it. Check out the examples.
How old is your brother?
Quantos anos seu irmão tem?
(How + Old = Age)
How much is this T-shirt?
Quanto custa esta camiseta?
(How + Much = Amount or Price)
How often do you go to the gym?
Com que frequência você vai à academia?
(How + Often = Frequency)
How many people were there at the concert?
Quantas pessoas havia no show?
(How + Many = Quantity)
How far is San Diego from Los Angeles?
Quão distante é San Diego de Los Angeles? / Qual é a distância de San Diego a Los Angeles?
(How + Far = Distance)
QUESTION WORD – HOW
Modal Verbs
QUESTION WORD – HOW
Other Possibilities
How long does it take to get there?
Qual tempo demora para chegar lá?
(How + Long = Duration)
How tall is your brother?
Qual é a altura do seu irmão?
(How + Tall = Height for People)
How high is Mount Everest?
Quão alto é o Monte Everest? / Qual é a altura do Monte Everest?
(How + High = Height for Places)
Question Word - How
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How can also be used with prepositions such as “about.” There are 
two ways we can use it—to offer something or to make a suggestion.
In spoken English, there is a very common expression with how—how come. It is 
used to ask about the reason why something has happened. We could say that how 
come is an informal way to ask “why.”
How come can also be used to show surprise. There is an important detail in the 
structure of the question, though: how come is always followed by the affirmative 
form, regardless of the verb form. 
How about a cup of coffee?
Que tal uma xícara de café?
(How + About + Noun = Offer)
How about going to the movies?
Que tal irmos ao cinema?
(How + About + Verb in the –ING Form = Suggestion)
How come she went to the party alone?
Como assim ela foi à festa sozinha?
(How Come + Structure of the Affirmative Form in the Simple Past)
How come she is not here?
Como é que ela não está aqui?
Como pode ela não estar aqui?
(How Come + Affirmative Form of the Simple Present)
HOW ABOUT
Offersand Suggestions 
HOW ABOUT
Reason and Surprise (Informal)
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We can also use how in exclamations. It can either be followed by a complete 
sentence or by an adjective. It’s important to notice, though, that what can also 
be used in exclamations.
The difference is that when there is either a complete sentence or only an 
adjective, you’ll use how. However, in the case of the structure adjective + noun 
or just a noun, you’ll have to use what.
Compare the difference:
How + Complete Sentence
How I love this city!
Como eu amo essa cidade!
(How + Subject “I” + Main Verb “love” + Complement “this city”)
How + Adjective
How beautiful!
Que bonito!
(How + Adjective “beautiful”)
What + (Article) + Adjective + Noun
What a beautiful city!
Que cidade bonita!
(What + Article “a” + Adjective “beautiful” + Noun “city”)
HOW AND WHAT
Exclamation
And now you know different ways to use the question word how, it’s meaning, structures in 
different verb forms, as well as how to use it in exclamations.
Question Word - How
Grammar
Guide
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Question words are used to ask direct and indirect questions. On this grammar 
guide, we’ll focus on the question word what, which is used to ask general 
questions.
In most cases, the structure of direct and indirect questions follows this pattern:
But when we ask direct questions with the question word what, there are three 
possible structures.
What is your favorite color?
Qual é a sua cor favorita?
(Direct Question: Question Word + Interrogative Form)
Tell me what your favorite color is.
Diga-me qual é a sua cor favorita.
(Indirect Question: Question Word + Affirmative Form)
1. What + Interrogative Form
2. What + Verb in the Third Person Singular + Complement
3. What + Noun + Interrogative Form
QUESTION WORD – WHAT
Direct and Indirect Questions
QUESTION WORD – WHAT
Structure – Direct Questions
Question Word - 
What 
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Let’s analyze each structure, starting with the f irst one, which is the question 
word what followed by an interrogative form. This structure can be used with 
any verb form. 
Let’s see some examples:
What does she want for breakfast?
O que ela quer de café da manhã?
(Simple Present: Question Word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + 
Main Verb in its Base Form+ Complement)
What did you do yesterday?
O que você fez ontem?
(Simple Past: Question Word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + 
Main Verb in its Base Form + Complement)
What were you doing last week?
O que você estava fazendo semana passada?
(Past Continuous: Question Word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + 
Main Verb in the –ING Form + Complement)
What have you been doing lately?
O que você tem feito ultimamente?
(Present Perfect: Question Word + 1st Auxiliary + Subject + 2nd Auxiliary + 
Main verb in the –ING Form + Complement)
What would you do with a million dollars?
O que você faria com um milhão de dólares?
(Simple Present: Question Word + Modal Verb + Subject + 
Main Verb in its Base Form + Complement)
QUESTION WORD – WHAT
What + Interrogative Form
Question Word - What
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It is important to notice that the structure what + interrogative form will never be used for 
questions about the subject of the sentence. When we follow this structure, it means that the 
subject is included in the given question.
Let’s take a closer look:
(The question is not about who performs the action, but about what the person 
wants. The subject “she” is part of the question. The core answer is “eggs and toast.”)
(Não tem relação com o sujeito, mas com o que o sujeito quer fazer. 
O sujeito “ela” é parte da pergunta. A resposta central é “ovos e torradas”.)
(It’s not about who was performing the action, but what the person was doing. 
The subject “you,” which is part of the question, becomes “I” in the answer. 
And the core answer is “traveling.”)
(Não tem relação com quem estava fazendo a ação, mas com o que a pessoa estava 
fazendo. O sujeito “você”, que é parte da pergunta, vira “eu” na resposta. 
A resposta central é “viajando”.)
QUESTION WORD – WHAT
What + Interrogative Form
What were you doing last week?
O que você estava fazendo semana passada?
I was traveling.
 Eu estava viajando.
What does she want for breakfast?
O que ela quer de café da manhã?
She wants eggs and toast.
 Ela quer ovos e torradas.
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But it is possible to ask questions with the question word what to learn about the subject of a sentence. 
In such cases, we will use the structure: What + Verb in The Third Person Singular + Complement.
Check the following examples:
QUESTION WORD – WHAT
What + Verb in Third Person Singular + (Complement)
(The core answer is “spending time with my family,” which is the subject of the answer and is not 
part of the question. That is why the verb in question is in the third person singular “makes.”)
(A resposta central é “passar tempo com a minha família”, que é o sujeito da resposta e não faz parte da 
pergunta. Por isso o verbo da pergunta está na terceira pessoa do singular “makes”, deixa.)
(The core answer is “a music festival,” which is the subject of the answer and is not part 
of the question. That is why the verb in question is in the third person singular “is.”)
(A resposta central é “um festival de música”, que é o sujeito da resposta e não faz parte 
da pergunta. Por isso o verbo da pergunta está na terceira pessoa do singular “is”, está.)
(The core answer is “not having money to pay their bills,” which is the subject of the answer and is 
not part of the question. That is why the verb in question is in the third person singular “is.”)
(A resposta central é “não ter dinheiro para pagar suas contas”, que é o sujeito da resposta e não faz 
parte da pergunta. Por isso o verbo da pergunta está na terceira pessoa do singular “is”, está.)
What makes you happy?
O que deixa você feliz?
There are so many people here. What’s happening?
Tem tanta gente aqui. O que está acontecendo?
Spending time with my family makes me happy.
Passar tempo com a minha família me deixa feliz.
Not having money to pay their bills (is bothering them).
Não ter dinheiro para pagar as suas contas (está incomodando eles).
A music festival (is happening here).
Um festival de música (está acontecendo aqui).
What’s bothering them?
O que está incomodando eles?
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Let’s take a closer look and analyze the structure of the examples 
we have previously seen.
If you want to ask a more specific question using what, place a noun right after 
the question word.
What time do you usually wake up?
A que horas você geralmente acorda?
(What + time = used to ask about the hour)
What kind of music do you like?
De que tipo de música você gosta?
(What + kind = used to ask about the specif ic type of a thing)
What size do you need?
De que tamanho você precisa?
(What + size = used to ask about size)
QUESTION WORD – WHAT
What + Noun + Interrogative Form
What + Verb in the Third Person Singular + Complement (if necessary)
 
What makes you happy?
 
What’s happening?
What’s bothering them?
QUESTION WORD – WHAT
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
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There are still some special cases, such as what + about. It is used 
to make an offer or to ask about your opinion or how you feel about 
something.
QUESTION WORD – WHAT
Special Cases – What About
In informal conversations, there are some common 
expressions with the question word what.
What’s up?
E aí?
What now?
O que agora?
QUESTION WORD – WHAT
Expressions
What about going to the movies?
Que tal irmos ao cinema?
How are you?
Como vai você?
Great idea.
Ótima ideia.
I’m fine, thanks. What about you?
Eu estou bem. E você?
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The question word what can also be used in exclamations to express surprise, 
shock,or emotions. In this case, we use: what + an article + (an adjective) + a 
noun. We may or may not include the adjective, but the noun must always be 
there in exclamations with what.
Structure: What + Article + (Adjective) + Noun
What a (beautiful) place!
Que lugar (bonito)!
(What + Article “a” + (Adjective “beautiful”) + Noun “place”)
What a great song!
Que música ótima!
(What + Article “a” + Adjective “great” + Noun “song”)
What a (nice) gesture!
Que gesto (legal)!
(What + Article “a” + (Adjective “nice”) + Noun “gesture)
What a song!
Que música!
(What + Article “a” + Noun “song”)
QUESTION WORD – WHAT
Exclamations
Now you know different ways in which you can use the question word what, the structure used 
with different verb forms, as well as how to use it in exclamations and expressions.
Question Word - What
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Grammar
Guide
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Question words are used to ask direct and indirect questions. Common question 
words include what, when, where, which, why, who, and how. On this grammar 
guide, we’ll focus on the question word where.
Where is used to ask questions about place.
The question word where can be used in direct and indirect questions.
Where
Onde/Aonde
Where is the subway station?
Onde é a estação de metrô?
(Direct Question: Where + Structure of the Interrogative Form)
I am asking you where the subway station is.
Eu estou te perguntando onde f ica a estação de metrô.
(Indirect Question: When + Structure of the Affirmative Form)
QUESTION WORD - WHERE
QUESTION WORD – WHERE
Direct and Indirect Questions
Direct questions with where will follow the same pattern, regardless of the 
verb form. The structure will be the question word where followed by the 
interrogative form.
Question Word - 
Where
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Take a look at the structure to use where with the simple present. Note that when 
the main verb is the verb to be, there is no auxiliary verb. For all other verbs, the 
auxiliary is necessary.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Structure: Where + Verb To Be + Subject + Complement (if necessary)
Where are you?
Onde você está?
Structure: Where + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + 
Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
 Where do you work? Where does she work?
 Onde você trabalha? Onde ela trabalha?
QUESTION WORD – WHERE
Where + Interrogative
Questions with where in the simple past follow the same pattern of the simple 
present. The only difference is that you’ll conjugate the verb to be or the auxiliary 
verb in the past
SIMPLE PAST
Structure: Where + Verb To Be + Subject + Complement (if necessary)
Where were you?
Onde você estava?
Structure: Where + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + 
Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
 Where did you go? Where did he go?
 Aonde você foi? Aonde ele foi?
QUESTION WORD – WHERE
Where + Interrogative
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The question word where can also be used with continuous forms such as the 
present and the past continuous.
QUESTION WORD – WHERE
Continuous Forms
Where + Interrogative Form
PRESENT AND PAST
Structure: Where + Verb To Be + Subject + 
Main Verb in the -ING Form + Complement (if necessary)
Where are you going?
Aonde você está indo?
Where were you going last night when I arrived?
Aonde você estava indo ontem à noite quando cheguei?
It is possible to use where with perfect forms such as the present 
perfect and the present perfect continuous.
PRESENT PERFECT
A past action that is still relevant. 
Uma ação passada que ainda é relevante. 
Structure: Where + Verb To Have + Subject + 
Main Verb in the Past Participle + Complement (if necessary)
Where have you been?
Por onde você esteve?
QUESTION WORD – WHERE
Perfect Forms
Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
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Modal verbs can be used in questions with where. In this case, the modal verb 
comes right after the question word.
Structure: Where + Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form + 
Complement (if necessary)
Where should we go on our next vacation?
Aonde devemos ir em nossas próximas férias?
(should = recommendation)
Where would you like to live?
Onde você gostaria de viver?
(would = hypothetical question)
Where can we find an ATM machine?
Onde podemos encontrar um caixa eletrônico?
(can = possibility)
QUESTION WORD – WHERE
Modal Verbs
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Action started in the past and still going on.
Ação iniciada no passado que ainda está acontecendo.
Structure: Where + Verb To Have + Subject + Been + 
Main Verb in the -ING Form + Complement (if necessary)
Where have you been working?
Onde você tem trabalhado?
In English, it is common to use where with verbs followed by prepositions that 
express directions. When we use these prepositions, they are placed right after 
the verb.
Two frequent prepositions used in questions with where are “to” and “from,” 
since they typically follow verbs that express movement.
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And now you know what a question word is and how to use the question 
word where to ask indirect or direct questions with different verb forms.
Check out some questions with the verbs to go and to come followed by these prepositions.
Where are you going (to)?
Para onde você está indo? / Aonde você está indo?
(The preposition is optional because the verb to go expresses movement toward a place 
with or without the preposition.)
(A preposição é opcional porque ir o verbo ir indica movimento em direção a algum lugar, 
com ou sem preposição.)
Where is she coming from?
De onde ela está vindo?
(The preposition is mandatory, otherwise the verb to come might not imply the idea of origin.)
(A preposição é obrigatória, caso contrário, o verbo vir pode não transmitir a ideia de origem.)
QUESTION WORD – WHERE
Where + Verbs Followed by Prepositions
Question Word - Where
Grammar
Guide
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The question word whose is used to ask which person owns or is responsible 
for something, and it differs from the question word who, which is used to 
identify people, and not ownership. 
It is important to pay special attention to the difference between who’s, which is the contraction of the 
question word who and is, or sometimes who and has, and the question word whose. In spoken language, 
they may sound similar, but their meaning is different. 
We can use two different structures to ask 
questions with whose. We can place the noun we 
are referring to right after the question word or keep 
it in its original interrogative position. Both questions 
have the same meaning.
WHO X WHOSE
WHO’S X WHOSE
WHOSE
Who is that girl?
Quem é aquela menina?
That’s Mary.
Aquela é a Mary
Who’s excited about the project?
Quem está empolgado com o projeto?
(Who’s = Who + is).
Whose is that girl?
De quem é aquela menina?
She’s Meg’s daughter.
Ela é f ilha da Meg.
Whose project is this?
De quem é esse projeto?
(Whose = to whom the project belongs).
Whose purse is this?
De quem é essa bolsa?
Whose is this purse?
De quem é essa bolsa?
Question Word - 
Whose
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WHOSE + PREPOSITIONS
WHOSE
Simple Forms
WHOSE
Continuous Forms
At whose house are you having lunch?
Na casa de quem você vai almoçar?
Whose house are you having lunch at?
Na casa de quem você vai almoçar?
Whose car is parked in front of the house?
De quem é o carro que está estacionado em frente à casa?
Whose car was parked in front of the house?
De quem é o carro que estava estacionado em frente à casa?
Whose kid is running in the rain?
De quem é a criança que está correndo na chuva?
Whose baby was crying earlier?
De quem é o bebê que estava chorando mais cedo?
Depending on the verb and the speaker’s intention, we can 
also use whose with prepositions. They go either before the 
question word or at the end of the clause. 
We can ask questions with whose using simple forms. 
We can ask questions with whose using simpleforms. 
As whose asks about possession, the answers will include the possessive case, possessive 
adjectives, or possessive pronouns. If you want to learn more about how to answer questions with 
whose, there are dedicated grammar guides for each of these topics.
Question Word - Whose
Grammar
Guide
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The simple past is a verb form used to talk about things that happened or existed in 
the past. 
Check the structures, starting with aff irmative sentences in the past.
SIMPLE PAST
Affirmative Sentences
Structure: Subject + Main Verb (in the Past) + Complement
I watched all the episodes of this series.
Eu assisti a todos os episódios desta série.
(I performed this action in the past. It’s over now because I f inished it).
In affirmative sentences, the auxiliary verb is not necessary, but it can be used in some 
specif ic contexts to emphasize the message.
If we decide to use the auxiliary did to add emphasis to aff irmative sentences, the main verb 
goes back to its base form.
SIMPLE PAST
Affirmative Sentences – Adding Emphasis
Structure: Subject + Auxiliary Verb (in the Past) + 
Main Verb (Base Form) + Complement
I did watch all the episodes of this series.
Eu (de fato) assisti a todos os episódios desta série.
(Note that the auxiliary doesn’t have a meaning, only the function of emphasizing).
Simple Past – 
Other Verbs
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The verb conjugation in the simple past will be the same for all persons, singular or plural. 
What we must take into consideration, though, is that some verbs in English are regular, while 
others are irregular.
In the previous example in the aff irmative form, we used the regular verb to watch in the past, 
which is watched.
For regular verbs, we’ll add -D, -ED, or -IED to the end, depending on how the base form is 
spelled. Check the spelling rules for regular verbs in the past.
SIMPLE PAST – REGULAR VERBS
Spelling Rules
GENERAL RULE: ADD -ED
 To watch – watched To play – played
 Assistir Brincar, jogar, tocar
VERBS ENDING IN -E: ADD -D
 To like – liked To love – loved
 Gostar Amar
VERBS ENDING IN CONSONANT + -Y: DROP THE -Y AND ADD -IED
 To study – studied To cry – cried
 Estudar Chorar
CVC VERBS: DOUBLE THE LAST CONSONANT AND ADD -ED
 To stop – stopped To plan – planned
 Parar Planejar
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These are the spelling rules for all regular verbs in the past, which are most 
verbs in English.
But there are few irregular verbs in English, and they do deserve some special 
attention. As the name says, they are irregular, which means there is not one 
pattern that applies to all of them. 
For instance, some irregular verbs suffer signif icant changes in their base 
forms. That’s the case of the verb to be, which in the past becomes was or were 
depending on the subject, or the verb to have, which becomes had, and the verb 
to go, which becomes went. On the other hand, verbs such as to quit, to put, or 
to cut will keep their base form when conjugated in the past.
SIMPLE PAST
Irregular Verbs
To be – was/were
Ser, estar
To quit – quit
Desistir
To have – had
Ter
To cut – cut
Cortar
To go – went
Ir
To put – put
Botar, colocar
There’s a grammar guide dedicated to irregular verbs in the past. Check it so you can learn 
more about them.
Now, when using sentences in the negative and in the interrogative forms, the fact that the 
verbs can be either regular or irregular is unimportant, since it’s the auxiliary verb did that 
will be conjugated. This means that the main verb goes back to its base form.
SIMPLE PAST
Negative Sentences
Structure: Subject + Auxiliary (Did) + NOT + Main Verb (Base Form) + Complement
I didn’t watch this series.
Eu não assisti a esta série.
(didn’t = did not)
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The contracted form didn’t will be used in most cases. However, in formal 
written language, it is advisable to avoid the use of the contraction. In spoken 
language, if you use the full form, you are adding emphasis to a negative 
statement. 
I did not watch this series.
Eu não assisti a esta série.
SIMPLE PAST
Negative Sentences – Adding Emphasis
For interrogative sentences, we’ll invert the order and place the auxiliary before the subject. 
Structure: Subject + Auxiliary (Did) + NOT + Main Verb (Base Form) + Complement
Did you watch all the episodes of the final season?
Você assistiu a todos os episódios da temporada f inal?
SIMPLE PAST
Interrogative Sentences
Now that we’ve seen the simple past in the affirmative form and the spelling 
rules for regular verbs, as well as the structures of negative and interrogative 
sentences, it’s time to see its common usages.
We use the simple past to talk about definite time in the past.
I graduated in December.
Eu me formei em dezembro.
(“To graduate” is a regular verb, and its past form is “graduated”)
We went to the movies yesterday.
Nós fomos ao cinema ontem.
(“To go” is an irregular verb, and its past form is “went”)
SIMPLE PAST
Uses
Simple Past – Other Verbs
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The simple past may or may not have an explicit time reference. 
Either way, it refers to past events. 
We can use the simple past to talk about events that happened once or events that happened 
with some frequency in the past. 
Anne studied with me.
A Anne estudou comigo.
(No time reference: but it’s still a f inished action in past)
Santos Dumont flew around the Eiffel Tower.
Santos Dumont voou em volta da Torre Eiffel.
(No time reference: but it’s still a f inished action in past)
SIMPLE PAST
Uses
I went to Italy for my 15th birthday.
Eu fui para a Itália no meu aniversário de 15 anos.
(The trip to Italy is an isolated event that happened because of my 15th birthday).
Every summer I traveled with my family to Italy.
Todo verão eu viajava com minha família para a Itália.
(The trip to Italy was something that happened more frequently, every summer.)
SIMPLE PAST
Uses
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When we want to make it clearer that we are talking about a past habit, something that 
happened frequently in the past, it’s also possible to use the expression used to followed 
by a main verb. 
Structure: Subject + Used to + Main Verb (Base Form) + Complement
I used to travel to Italy every summer.
Eu costumava viajar para a Itália todo verão.
(Used to + Main Verb in the Base Form = frequent events or habits in the past)
USED TO
Frequent Events in the Past
Now you know when and why we use the simple past with other verbs, 
as well as its structures and spelling rules.
Simple Past – Other Verbs
Grammar
Guide
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The simple past is used to talk about an event that happened in the past. The time it occurred may 
be given or not, but it refers to an event that happened in the past.
In this grammar guide, we’ll focus on the verb to be in the past. First, it’s important to know 
that the verb to be is an irregular verb, and it’s the only verb in English that has two irregular 
conjugations for the simple past depending on the person: was and were.
Check the structures for interrogative, negative, and aff irmative sentences.
The basic structure for affirmative sentences is the SVC structure, that is, the subject, the verb to be in the 
past, and the complement.
 Singular Plural
 Verb (To Be) Verb (To Be)
 I was we were
 
 you were you were
 he/she/it was they were
 seu(s), sua(s), dela seus, suas, deles, delas
Structure: Subject + Verb + Complement
I was in Los Angeles last week.
Eu estava em Los Angeles na semana passada.
(Subject “I” + Verb in the Simple Past “was” + Complement “in Los Angeles last week”)
We were at the annual conference.
Nós estávamos na conferência anual.
(Subject “we” + Verb in the Simple Past “were” + Complement “at the annual conference”)
SIMPLE PAST
Verb To Be
SIMPLE PAST – TO BE
Affirmative Sentences
Second person
Thirdperson
First person
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To make a negative statement, you’ll place the negative particle not after the verb. It is very 
common to see the contracted forms, which are, wasn’t for was not, and weren’t for were not.
In the simple past, you’ll only see contracted or short forms in negative sentences. 
Short forms are very common in everyday situations. However, if you want to sound 
more formal or more emphatic, use the full form. 
In interrogative sentences, we invert the order and place the verb before the subject. 
SIMPLE PAST – TO BE
Negative Sentences
SIMPLE PAST – TO BE
Interrogative Sentences
Structure: Subject + Verb + NOT + Complement
I wasn’t home when he arrived.
Eu não estava em casa quando ele chegou.
(wasn’t = was not)
We weren’t in Rio last summer.
Nós não estávamos no Rio no verão passado.
(weren’t = were not)
Structure: Verb + Subject + Complement
Were you home last night?
Você estava em casa ontem à noite?
Was Meg with you?
A Meg estava com você?
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I was sad because I failed the exam.
Eu estava triste porque não passei na prova.
(I was feeling that way, but I am not anymore).
Age
I was 40 years old when my son was born.
Eu tinha 40 anos quando o meu f ilho nasceu.
(I am not 40 anymore. I was 40 at the time of that specif ic event—the day my son was born).
I was so thirsty.
Eu estava com muita sede.
(I am referring to a past state. I probably had water, and I am not thirsty anymore).
Profession
I was a teacher.
Eu era professor(a).
(I was a teacher. I may have retired or I changed my profession).
Marital Status
I was married.
Eu era casado(a).
(Since it is in past, it means I am not married anymore. 
I may be divorced or have become a widow/widower).
I was skinnier.
Eu era mais magro(a).
(It was how I looked in the past, but I’ve changed).
SIMPLE PAST – TO BE
Uses
SIMPLE PAST – TO BE
Uses
Let’s now check some possible uses of the verb to be in the simple past. 
To Be is used to refer to past physical conditions or states.
We can talk about a past age, profession, or marital status. 
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We were friends.
Nós éramos amigos.
(We are not that close anymore, maybe we don’t see each 
other as often as we used to).
He was my boyfriend.
Ele era meu namorado.
(We broke up and he is not my boyfriend anymore. He is my ex now).
It was about 8 a.m. when she left.
Eram cerca de 8 horas da manhã quando ela saiu.
Our last appointment was on January 3rd.
A nossa última consulta foi no dia 3 de janeiro.
SIMPLE PAST – TO BE
Uses
SIMPLE PAST – TO BE
Uses
We can use the verb to be in the past to talk about past relationships.
We can also use the verb to be in the past to talk about past time and dates.
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Meg was at the mall with me.
A Meg estava no shopping comigo.
(I am mentioning the place where Meg and I were).
My office was on Fifth avenue.
Meu escritório f icava na 5ª avenida.
(I am talking about a past location—it’s not there anymore. 
I may have moved to another off ice).
SIMPLE PAST – TO BE
Uses
And now you know when and why we use the verb to be in the simple past, as well as its 
structure and the contracted form for negative sentences. 
We can use the verb to be in the past to refer to places and locations in the past.
Simple Past - To Be
Grammar
Guide
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 Verb To Be Other Verbs
Interrogative Is she a teacher? Does she work as a teacher?
 Ela é professora? Ela trabalha como professora?
Negative She isn’t a teacher. She doesn’t work as a teacher.
 Ela não é professora. Ela não trabalha como professora.
The simple present was divided into two grammar guides, and we did that 
because there is an important difference in structure.
In this grammar guide, we’ll talk about the simple present with verbs that are not 
the verb to be, that is, all the other verbs. 
When we use the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary verb to make interrogative 
and negative sentences. But when we use other verbs, we need to use the 
auxiliary verb. The auxiliary verb for the simple present is do or does, according to 
the subject. 
Check out the difference in the box.
SIMPLE PRESENT
The basic structure for the aff irmative form is the SVC structure, that is, subject, 
main verb, and complement. And the verb conjugation works like this: we’ll use the 
base form of the verb for all persons, except for the third person singular. In this 
case, we’ll add –S, –ES, or –IES to the end of the verb, depending on how it’s spelled. 
Simple Present -
Other Verbs 
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Usage of the Auxiliary Do 
I do have the right to speak my mind.
Eu tenho (sim) o direito de dar minha opinião.
(The verb “do” is used as an auxiliary. So it does not have a meaning, but a function). 
(O verbo “do” é usado como auxiliar. Portanto, não tem um signif icado, mas uma função).
If you want to learn more about the third person spelling rules, you can check the grammar 
guide on this topic. However, most verbs will only take a final S in the third person singular, 
as you can see in the following table. 
SIMPLE PRESENT
Affirmative Form: Adding Emphasis
Notice that we do not use the auxiliary verb in the affirmative form. But it’s possible to use it to 
add emphasis to a statement. In that case, the auxiliary verb is placed before the main verb. 
 Singular Plural
 I work here. We work here.
 Eu trabalho aqui. Nós trabalhamos aqui.
 You work here. You work here.
 Você trabalha aqui. Vocês trabalham aqui.
 He works here.
 Ele trabalha aqui.
 She works here. They work here.
 Ela trabalha aqui. Eles/Elas trabalham aqui.
 It works for now.
 Isso funciona por enquanto.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Affirmative Form
Second person
Third person
First person
Simple Present - Other Verbs
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Thus, it is possible to use the auxiliary with the simple present in the aff irmative form, but it’s also important 
to notice that it adds emphasis to the sentence, which means that it is only going to happen in very specif ic 
contexts.
As for the negative and interrogative forms, the auxiliary do is not optional, it’s necessary.
The basic structure for the negative form is the subject, the auxiliary verb do conjugated according to the 
subject, the negative particle not, the main verb in its base form, and the complement, if necessary.
You should pay close attention to the third person singular. In both negative and interrogative forms, the 
conjugation goes in the auxiliary verb, that is, we will use does, and, because of that, the main verb goes 
back to its base form.
 Singular Plural
 I don’t work here. We don’t work here.
 Eu não trabalho aqui. Nós não trabalhamos aqui.
 You don’t work here. You don’t work here.
 Você não trabalha aqui. Vocês não trabalham aqui.
 He doesn’t work here.
 Ele não trabalha aqui.
 She doesn’t work here. They don’t work here.
 Ela não trabalha aqui. Eles/Elas não trabalham aqui.
 It doesn’t work for now.
 (Isso) não funciona por enquanto.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Negative Form
Second person
Third person
First person
Do Not Use the Contracted Form
You do not have the right to shout at people.
Você não tem o direito de gritar com as pessoas.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Negative Form: Adding Emphasis
In informal language, the contracted 
forms don’t (do + not) or doesn’t 
(does + not) are used in most cases. 
In formal written language, we avoid 
using contractions.
On the other hand, in spoken 
language, if we use the full form, 
it probably means we want to add 
emphasis to a negative statement.
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I work at a law firm.
Eu trabalho em um escritório de advocacia.
She works a lot.
Ela trabalha muito.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Other Verbs – Uses
The simple present is used to talk 
about facts and to show repetitions, 
habits, or generalizations. 
The basic interrogative formstructure in the simple present is the auxiliary verb do conjugated according to 
the subject, the subject, the main verb in its base form, and the complement, if necessary.
So the position of the auxiliary verb and the subject is inverted, and, once again, in the third person singular, 
the main verb goes back to its base form, and the auxiliary verb is conjugated. 
Check out the following table:
 Singular Plural
 Do I work here? Do we work here?
 Eu trabalho aqui? Nós trabalhamos aqui?
 Do you work here? Do you work here?
 Você trabalha aqui? Vocês trabalham aqui?
 Does he work here?
 Ele trabalha aqui?
 Does she work here? Do they work here?
 Ela trabalha aqui? Eles/Elas trabalham aqui?
 Does it work for now?
 Isso funciona por enquanto?
SIMPLE PRESENT
Interrogative Form
Second person
Third person
First person
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She crosses the street toward him, looks back, and decides to let it go.
Ela atravessa a rua em direção a ele, olha para trás e decide deixar para lá.
He gets the ball, passes through the defense and shoots, but the goalkeeper saves it.
Ele pega a bola, passa pela defesa e chuta, mas o goleiro agarra.
Firefighters save many lives in Brooklyn.
Os bombeiros salvam muitas vidas no Brooklyn.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Other Verbs – Uses
The simple present can convey the idea of immediacy and drama, and that’s why it’s commonly 
used in stories or novels, in sports broadcasting, and in newspaper headlines, even when 
reporting past events. 
It can also be used to present a series of events when we narrate 
something or give instructions and directions.
 First you read the questions, then you have to mark the correct statement.
Primeiro você lê as perguntas, depois você tem que marcar a afirmação correta.
You go straight and turn right on the traffic light.
Você segue em frente e vira à direita no semáforo.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Other Verbs – Uses
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In English, some verbs cannot be used in continuous forms. These verbs are 
called non-progressive verbs, and we use them in the simple present. This 
group is divided into different subgroups of verbs. 
Mental process verbs
know, suppose, think, understand
saber, supor, achar, entender
Verbs that describe senses
smell, taste, hear
sentir cheiro, sentir sabor, ouvir
Verbs that express feelings
admire, adore, hate, like, respect
admirar, adorar, detestar, gostar, respeitar
Speech act verbs
promise, swear, agree, deny
prometer, jurar, concordar, negar
SIMPLE PRESENT
Non-progressive Verbs
And now you know the structure and the most common uses of the simple present.
Simple Present - Other Verbs
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The simple present is used to talk about factual information or things 
that happen regularly.
SIMPLE PRESENT
This wall is white.
Esta parede é branca.
(It’s a factual piece of information.)
I sleep for 8 or 9 hours a day.
Eu durmo de 8 a 9 horas por dia.
(It’s part of a routine, something I do every day.)
The simple present will be tackled in two different grammar guides. 
In this one, we’ll focus on the simple present sentences in which the 
main verb is the verb to be. 
Check the following table to see the conjugation of the verb to be in 
the simple present. 
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be
 Singular Plural
First person I am We are
Second person You are You are
Third person He/She/It is They are
Simple Present -
Verb To Be
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There is a different sentence structure for the interrogative, negative, and 
affirmative forms. In affirmative sentences, we’ll frequently use the SVC 
structure, that is, Subject, Verb, and Complement. To make a negative 
statement, you’ll place the negative particle not after the verb. And to ask a 
question, we invert the order and place the verb before the subject.
Affirmative
Subject + Verb To Be + Complement
I’m a writer.
Eu sou escritor.
Negative
Subject + Verb To Be + NOT + Complement
I am not a writer.
Eu não sou escritor.
Interrogative
Verb To Be + Subject + Complement
Are you a writer?
Você é escritor?
 Affirmative Negative
 I’m I’m not
 You’re You aren’t
 He’s/She’s/It’s He/She/It isn’t
 We’re We aren’t
 They’re They aren’t
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Contracted Form
The simple present of the verb to be is commonly 
used in its contracted form, also known as short 
form. Contractions are considered informal, and they 
are very common in everyday situations. However, 
if you want to sound more formal or more emphatic, 
use the full form.
The short or contracted forms can be used in 
affirmative or negative sentences.
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Now that you know the conjugation in the plural and singular forms, its structure 
for aff irmative, negative, and interrogative sentences, as well as its full and 
contracted forms, check out the possible uses of the verb to be in the simple 
present. 
It can be used to refer to personal information such as name, age, profession, 
marital status, and nationality.
I am thirsty.
Eu estou com sede.
(It’s a state. Something I am experiencing now.)
I am skinny.
Eu sou magro(a).
(It refers to a physical characteristic.)
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
We can also use the verb to be followed by an adjective to talk about 
permanent or temporary physical characteristics and feelings.
Age
I am 36 years old.
Eu tenho 36 anos.
Profession
I am an architect.
Eu sou arquiteta.
Name
I am Sophie.
Eu sou Sophie.
My name is Sophie.
O meu nome é Sophie.
Nationality
I am French.
Eu sou francesa.
Marital Status
I am single.
Eu sou solteira.
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The verb to be in the simple present is also used to talk about permanent or 
temporary qualities or states, personal characteristics, or mood.
I am stressed.
Eu estou estressado(a).
(It’s a current mood or a temporary state.)
I am a stressed person.
Eu sou uma pessoa estressada.
(It’s part of my personality.)
It’s eleven o’clock.
São onze horas.
Our meeting is on December 3rd.
A nossa reunião é no dia 3 de dezembro.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
The verb to be in the simple present is also used to talk about time and dates.
We can use the verb to be in the simple present to refer to places and locations as well.
I am at the mall.
Eu estou no shopping.
The 9/11 Memorial is in Manhattan.
O memorial do 11 de Setembro é em Manhattan.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
And now you know when and why we use the verb to be in the simple present.
Simple Present - Verb To Be
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Affirmative
There + Be
There’s a restaurant near the hotel.
Há um restaurante perto do hotel.
Interrogative
Be + There
Is there a restaurant near the hotel?
Há um restaurante perto do hotel?
Negative
There + Be + Not
There isn’t (is not) a restaurant near the hotel.
Não há um restaurante perto do hotel.
The structure there + be expresses existence, and it can be used in the 
aff irmative, interrogative, and negative forms.
THERE + BE
Structures
There + Be
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You can use the structure in the singular or plural according to the noun that follows it. 
When we talk about singular or plural forms, there are some things to which we should pay 
attention. If you are talking about a list of things, use there is when the noun that follows is 
also in the singular.
If there are one or more nouns in the plural, use there are and place the nouns in the plural 
before the ones in the singular, if there are any.
Are there good schools in your neighborhood?
Há/Tem boas escolas no seu bairro?
(The noun “schools” is in the plural, so the verb to be is in the plural)
There is a good school in my neighborhood.
Há/Tem uma escola boa no meu bairro.
(The noun “school” is in the singular, so the verb to be isin the singular)
There is an apple, a banana, and a pineapple in the fruit basket.
Tem uma maçã, uma banana e um abacaxi na fruteira.
(There is All nouns in the singular)
There are some apples, two bananas, and a pineapple in the fruit basket.
Tem algumas maçãs, duas bananas e um abacaxi na fruteira.
(There are One or more nouns in the plural)
THERE + BE
Singular and Plural
THERE + BE
Singular and Plural
There + Be
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In informal spoken language you might as well hear there is followed by plural 
nouns. This is perfectly acceptable in such case, but you should not use it in 
written formal language.
To use there + be in the future, we’ll use there will be with singular or plural nouns. 
We have seen some uses of there + be in the present. However, it is important to highlight that 
this structure can also be used in the past and in the future.
So we will conjugate the verb to be accordingly. If we are referring to the past, we use there 
was for the singular and there were for the plural.
THERE + BE
Past: There Was / There Were
There’s two teachers in each classroom.
Tem dois professores em cada sala de aula.
(Informal: There is One or more nouns in the plural)
There will be a mall near my house.
Haverá um shopping perto da minha casa.
There will be flying cars in the future.
Haverá carros voadores no futuro.
There was only one employee assisting the customers.
Só havia um funcionário auxiliando os clientes.
(“Employee” is a singular noun, so we used the verb to be in the singular: “There was”)
There were many people waiting in line.
Tinha muita gente esperando na f ila.
(“People” is a plural noun, so we used the verb to be in the plural: “There were”)
THERE + BE
Informal Spoken Language
THERE + BE
Future: There Will Be
There + Be
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And now you know what there + be means, its structures, and how to use it.
Structure: There + Verb + To Be
There seems to be a lot of vacant rooms in this hotel.
Parece haver muitos quartos vazios neste hotel.
(It’s the speaker’s perspective of an impression). 
There tends to be tension between the parts
Tende a haver tensão entre as partes.
(It’s something that is expected).
Structure: There + Modal Verb + Be
There must be a gas station around.
Tem que ter / Deve haver um posto de gasolina por perto.
There should be no wait.
Não deve haver demora.
There might be a cocktail after the meeting.
Deve ter / É possível que tenha / Pode ser que haja um coquetel após a reunião.
There + be can also be used with modal verbs. In this case, we’ll join the idea of existence with 
the meaning that each modal verb expresses.
We can also use there with verbs such as seem and tend before to be. In these 
cases, we’ll use the infinitive form to be. 
THERE + BE
Modal Verbs
SUPERLATIVES
Two-syllable Adjectives – Exceptions
There + Be
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The modal verb will is mostly used to refer to the future. As all modal verbs, 
it functions as an auxiliary verb, adding meaning to the main verb.
Check the structures for the aff irmative, interrogative, and negative forms.
WILL
Structure 
Affirmative
She will go to college next year.
Ela vai para a faculdade ano que vem.
Subject + Will + Main Verb in the Base Form + 
Complement (if necessary)
Negative
Will you talk to her?
Você vai falar com ela?
Will + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form + 
Complement (if necessary)
Interrogative
It won’t rain.
Não vai chover.
Subject + Will + Not (Won’t) + Main Verb in the Base Form + 
Complement (if necessary)
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Tell people what to do
Will you behave now?
Você vai se comportar agora?
Make an offer / a proposal
Will you marry me?
Você quer se casar comigo?
Promises
I will always be with you.
Eu sempre estarei com você.
Willingness and Decisions
I’ll (I + will) get the door.
Eu vou abrir a porta.
I will quit smoking.
Eu vou parar de fumar.
WILL
Uses
WILL
Uses
In the interrogative, we can use will to tell people what to do or to 
make proposals. We can also use it for promises in aff irmative and 
negative sentences.
Will is commonly used to express willingness and decisions about 
the future that we make at the moment we speak.
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You’ll have to attend driving classes to get your driver’s license.
Você terá que fazer aulas de direção para tirar a carteira de motorista.
Refusal 
I won’t (will + not) talk to her.
Eu não vou falar com ela.
She won’t talk to anybody.
Ela não vai falar com ninguém.
Will is also used to refer to things that are inevitable.
It can be used to express refusal in the negative form. 
WILL
Uses
WILL
Inevitability
Now you know that will is a modal auxiliary verb, 
and you are familiar with its structures and common uses. 
Will
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