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COURSE HANDOUT 
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering 
 
SEMESTER 8 
 
Period: January 2017 – May 2017 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RAJAGIRI SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KAKKANAD 
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 
 
Vision of the Institution: 
 
To evolve into a premier technological and research institution, moulding 
eminent professionals with creative minds, innovative ideas and sound 
practical skill, and to shape a future where technology works for the 
enrichment of mankind. 
 
Mission of the Institution: 
 
To impart state-of-the-art knowledge to individuals in various 
technological disciplines and to inculcate in them a high degree of social 
consciousness and human values, thereby enabling them to face the 
challenges of life with courage and conviction. 
 
Vision of the Department: 
 
To excel in Electrical and Electronics Engineering education with focus on 
research to make professionals with creative minds, innovative ideas and 
practical skills for the betterment of mankind. 
 
Mission of the Department: 
 
To develop and disseminate among the individuals, the theoretical 
foundation, practical aspects in the field of Electrical and Electronics 
Engineering and inculcate a high degree of professional and social ethics 
for creating successful engineers. 
 
Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs): 
 
PEO 1: To provide Graduates with a solid foundation in mathematical, 
scientific and engineering fundamentals and depth and breadth studies in 
Electrical and Electronics engineering, so as to comprehend, analyse, 
design, provide solutions for practical issues in engineering. 
PEO 2: To strive for Graduates’ achievement and success in the profession 
or higher studies, which they may pursue. 
PEO 3: To inculcate in Graduates professional and ethical attitude, effective 
communication skills, teamwork skills, multidisciplinary approach, the life-
long learning needs and an ability to relate engineering issues for a 
successful professional career. 
 
Program Outcomes (POs) 
 
Engineering Students will be able to 
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, 
science, Engineering fundamentals, and Electrical and Electronics 
Engineering to the solution of complex Engineering problems. 
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, 
and analyze complex Engineering problems reaching substantiated 
conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, 
and Engineering sciences. 
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex 
Engineering problems and design system components or processes 
that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the 
public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental 
considerations. 
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research based 
knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, 
analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information 
to provide valid conclusions. 
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate 
techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools 
including prediction and modeling to complex Engineering activities 
with an understanding of the limitations. 
6. The Engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the 
contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and 
cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the 
professional Engineering practice. 
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the 
professional Engineering solutions in societal and environmental 
contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and the need for 
sustainable development. 
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics 
and responsibilities and norms of the Engineering practice. 
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, 
and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary 
settings. 
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex Engineering 
activities with the Engineering Community and with society at large, 
such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and 
design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and 
receive clear instructions. 
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and 
understanding of the Engineering and management principles and 
apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to 
manage projects and in multi disciplinary environments. 
12. Life -long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the 
preparation and ability to engage in independent and life- long 
learning in the broadest context of technological change. 
 
 
 
 
 
Programme-Specific Outcomes (PSOs) 
 
Engineering Students will be able to: 
 
PSO1: Apply the knowledge of Power electronics and electric drives for the 
analysis design and application of innovative, dynamic and challenging 
industrial environment. 
 
PSO2: Explore the technical knowledge and development of professional 
methodologies in grid interconnected systems for the implementation of 
micro grid technology in the area of distributed power system. 
 
PSO3: Understand the technologies like Bio inspired algorithms in 
collaboration with control system tools for the professional development 
and gain sufficient competence to solve present problems in the area of 
intelligent machine control. 
 
 
 
INDEX 
 
 
PAGE NO. 
1 Assignment Schedule 1 
2 EE 010 801: Power System Analysis 3 
2.1 Course Information Sheet 4 
2.2 Course Plan 10 
2.3 Tutorials 13 
2.4 Assignments 19 
3 EE 010 802: Switchgear and Protection 22 
3.1 Course Information Sheet 23 
3.2 Course Plan 28 
3.3 Tutorials 30 
3.4 Assignments 32 
4 EE 010 803: Electrical System Design 33 
4.1 Course Information Sheet 34 
4.2 Course Plan 41 
4.3 Tutorials 45 
4.4 Assignments 49 
5 EE 010 804 L02: Computer Networks 50 
5.1 Course Information Sheet 51 
5.2 Course Plan 55 
5.3 Assignments 56 
6 EE 010 805 G03 Advanced Mathematics 57 
6.1 Course Information Sheet 58 
7 EE 010 805 G06: Distributed Power Systems 64 
7.1 Course Information Sheet 65 
7.2 Course Plan 70 
7.3 Assignments 72 
8 EE 010 806: Electrical Machines Lab II 73 
8.1 Course Information Sheet 74 
8.2 Course Plan 79 
8.3 Lab Cycle 80 
8.4 Open Questions 81 
8.5 Advanced Questions 85 
9 EE010 807 Project Work 86 
9.1 Course Information Sheet 87 
9.2 Course Plan 92 
 
Course Handout 
 
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. ASSIGNMENT SCHEDULE 
 
Course Handout 
 
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
 
 
SUBJECT DATE 
EE 010 801: Power System Analysis 
Week1 
Week 7 
EE 010 802: Switchgear and Protection 
Week 2 
Week 8 
EE 010 803: Electrical System Design 
Week 3 
Week 9 
EE 010 804 L02: Computer Networks 
Week 4 
Week 10 
EE 010 805 G03 Advanced Mathematics 
Week 5 
Week 11 
EE 010 805 G06: Distributed Power Systems 
Week 5 
Week 11 
 
 
Course Handout 
 
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. EE 010 801: Power System Analysis 
 
Course Handout 
 
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
2.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET 
 
PROGRAMME: Electrical & Electronics Engineering DEGREE: B.TECH 
COURSE: Power System Analysis SEMESTER: VIII CREDITS: 4 
COURSE CODE: EE 010 801 REGULATION: UG COURSE TYPE: CORE 
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Electrical Power CONTACT HOURS: 2(L)+2 (T) 
hours/Week. 
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF ANY): 
Nil 
LAB COURSE NAME: Nil 
 
SYLLABUS: 
UNIT DETAILS HOURS 
I 
Power System Representation: Single phase solution of balancedthree phase 
networks –single line diagram – impedance diagram – per unit system – 
transformer model –synchronous machine representation – representation of 
loads 
Load flow studies: Network model formulation – formation of Y Bus by 
singular 
transformation – Load flow problem – Gauss Siedel Method – Newton 
Raphson method –Decoupled load flow methods – control of voltage profile 
by generators and transformers 
15 
II 
Economic Load Dispatch: System constraints – Economic dispatch 
neglecting losses –optimal load dispatch including transmission losses – 
physical interpretation of co ordination equations – exact transmission loss 
formulae – modified co ordination equation – automatic load dispatching – 
unit commitment. 
 
11 
III 
Automatic generation and voltage control: Single area Load frequency 
control – model of speed governing system – turbine model – generator model 
– load model – block diagram of load frequency control – steady state analysis 
– dynamic response – proportional plus integral control – two area load 
frequency control – area control error – automatic voltage control –load 
frequency control with generation rate constraints – speed governor dead band 
and its effect on automatic generation control. 
 
10 
Course Handout 
 
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
IV 
Short circuit analysis: Transient on a transmission line – short circuit of a 
synchronous machines without and with load – selection of circuit breakers – 
algorithm for short circuit studies – Z Bus formulation – symmetrical 
components – phase shift in star delta transformers– sequence impedances of 
transmission lines, transformers and synchronous machines –sequence 
networks of a power system 
Unsymmetrical faults – analysis of single line to ground, line to line and 
double line to ground faults in power system – analysis of unsymmetrical fault 
using Z bus. 
 
12 
V 
Stability: Dynamics of synchronous machine – power angle equation – node 
elimination technique – steady state stability – transient stability – equal area 
criterion – numerical solution of swing equation – multi machines stability – 
factors affecting transient stability 
12 
TOTAL HOURS 60 
 
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS: 
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION 
T1 Modern Power system Analysis: D P Kothari and I J Nagrath, Tata McGraw Hill 
T2 Electrical Power Systems: C. L. Wadhwa, New Age Int’l 
R1 Advanced Power System Analysis and Dynamics – L P Singh – New Age Intl. 
R2 Computer Techniques in Power System Analysis – M A Pai – Tata McGraw Hill 
R3 Power System Operation and Control: S Sivanagaraju, G Sreenivasan, Pearson Ed. 
R4 Power System Analysis: Bergen, Pearson Ed. 
R5 Power System Analysis: William D Stevenson Jr, John J Grainger, Tata McGraw Hill 
R6 Power System Analysis: Hadi Saadat, Tata McGraw Hill 
 
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: 
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM 
EE 010 303 Electric Circuit Theory Basic concepts in circuit theorems, 
symmetrical components 
III 
EN010 501A Engineering Mathematics IV Numerical Methods V 
EE 010 603 Control systems Basic concepts in Control systems-PI 
controllers, 
VI 
Course Handout 
 
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
EE 010 701: Electrical Power 
Transmission 
Line modeling VII 
EE 010 702: Synchronous Machines Basic concepts of Synchronous 
machines 
VII 
 
COURSE OBJECTIVES: 
1 To develop understanding about the techniques for steady state and transient analysis of 
Power Systems Components. 
2 To provide basic knowledge in the area of Power System Control and Economic Dispatch of 
power 
 
 
COURSE OUTCOMES: 
SNO DESCRIPTION Blooms’ Taxonomy 
Level 
1 Students will be able to recall the concepts of per unit impedance 
diagram representation of three phase power system components 
and formulate Ybus to compute the load flow solution using 
different iterative methods. 
Knowledge [Level 1] 
Comprehension [Level 
2] 
2 Students can predict thoroughly the constraints involved in the 
load dispatch and compute optimal solution through unit 
commitment and Economic load dispatch including transmission 
losses. 
Application [Level 3] 
3 Students will be able to perform modeling of single area and two 
area load frequency control and analyze the steady state and 
dynamic response of power system control. 
Application [Level 3] 
Analysis [Level 4] 
4 Students will be able to compute symmetrical and unsymmetrical 
fault studies on the power system networks and design the ratings 
of the circuit breaker. 
Application [Level 3] 
5 Students will be able to assess the steady state and transient 
stability studies in the power system network using equal area 
criterion method and apply numerical solutions to swing 
equations. 
Application [Level 3] 
 
MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs) AND 
 COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs) 
 PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO 10 PO 11 PO 12 
 
PSO 1 PSO 2 
PSO 
3 
C 801.1 1 1 1 1 2 
C 801. 2 1 2 2 
Course Handout 
 
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
C 801. 3 1 2 2 
C 801. 4 1 1 3 2 
C 801. 5 1 3 3 2 
EE 801 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 
 
JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING 
Mapping L/M/H Justification 
C801.1-PO1 L Student will be able to apply the fundamental knowledge of maths & 
electrical engineering in representing the power system network 
components in p.u system. 
C801.1-PO2 L Student will be able to formulate the load flow problems of a Power system 
network and analyse using numerical solution like Newton Raphson and 
Gauss Siedel methods 
C801.1-PO4 L Student will acquire knowledge in analyzing the data of power system 
network to find solution to load flow problems and to provide valid 
conclusions. 
C801.1-PO5 L Student will be able to gain knowledge to use power system network data 
in power system simulation tools. 
C801.2-PO1 L Student will be able to predict the constraints involved in load dispatch of 
different types of power plant and find an optimal solution using basic 
mathematical optimization techniques. 
C801.2-PO6 M Student will be able to apply the optimal unit commitment realizing the 
societal, health, safety issues involved in power generation of different 
types of power plants and considering the transmission losses. 
C801.2-PO7 M Student will be able to understand the crew constraints, maintenance 
constraints involved in power system economics. 
C801.3-PO3 L Student will be able to understand how to model the power system network 
components like turbine, speed-governor, generator-load. and analyze the 
control aspects involved in load frequency control and automatic voltage 
control. 
C801.3-PO4 M Student will be able to compute the steady state and dynamic response of 
single area and two area controls and interpret the data to provide valid 
conclusions. 
C801.3-PO12 M Student will be able to formulate the problems in the area of power system 
control and recognize the need for life –long learning in context of 
technological change in integrated power system operation and control. 
C801.4-PO1 L Student will be able to solve the problems involved in different types of 
fault calculation of power system network applying fundamentals of 
mathematics and electrical engineering. 
Course Handout 
 
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
C801.4-PO2 L Student will be able to identify the different types of fault and calculate fault 
level and to substantiate conclusions on performance of the power system 
network during the occurance of fault. 
C801.4-PO3 H Student will be able to formulate the fault level in power system network 
and to suitably design the circuit breaker ratings for the protection purpose. 
C801.4-PO6 M Student will be ableto apply reasoning from the knowledge gained in fault 
calculation and consequently responsible in professional practice to assess 
the societal safety and health impacts during occurance of fault in power 
ssytem network. 
C801.5-PO1 L Student will be able to apply the fundamental knowledge of mathematics & 
electrical engineering to understand the power system stability. 
C801.5-PO2 H Student will be able using the knowledge gained in the fundamentals of 
mathematics & electrical engineering to get numerical solutions to swing 
equation using methods like modified Euler’s and Runge-kutta. 
C801.5-PO3 H Students will be able to apply Graphical methods like equalarea criterion to 
analyse the stability of the Power system network and to meet the specified 
needs like critical clearing angle and time during the occurance of fault in 
the system. 
 
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSIONAL REQUIREMENTS: 
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED 
ACTIONS 
1. Awareness to Power System Simulation tools Workshop on PSCAD/MiPower 
2. For gaining practical knowledge in Power system 
economics and load dispatching. 
Industrial Visit to State Load 
Dispatch Centre-Kalamassery 
3. For effective learning of practical operation and control 
of power system Network 
Industrial Visit to PGCIL. 
4 General awareness about the present scenario in the state. Invited talk by experts from 
KSEB 
 
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY VISIT/GUEST 
LECTURER/NPTEL ETC 
 
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN: 
1 MATLAB solutions to Load flow analysis and Short circuit analysis 
2 Introduction to power system simulation tool packages 
 
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES: 
1 KSEB Profile ,KSEB [online] Accessed on 10th Jan 2017 
www.nptel.iitm.ac.in –Revived date 2/01/2017 
 
http://www.nptel.iitm.ac.in/
Course Handout 
 
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES: 
☑ CHALK & TALK ☑ STUD. 
ASSIGNMENT 
☑ WEB 
RESOURCES 
 
☑ LCD/SMART 
BOARDS 
☑ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ ADD-ON 
COURSES 
 
 
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT 
☑ASSIGNMENTS ☑ STUD. 
SEMINARS 
☑ TESTS/MODEL 
EXAMS 
☑UNIV. 
EXAMINATION 
☐ STUD. LAB 
PRACTICES 
☑ STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR 
PROJECTS 
☐ CERTIFICATIONS 
☐ ADD-ON 
COURSES 
☐ OTHERS 
 
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT 
☑ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES 
(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE) 
☑ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY 
(TWICE) 
☐ ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS 
BY EXT. EXPERTS 
☐ OTHERS 
 
 
Prepared by Approved by 
 
Ms. Santhi.B Ms. Santhi B 
 HOD EEE 
 
Course Handout 
 
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
2.2 COURSE PLAN 
 
Sl. No Date Module Planned 
1 16-Jan-2017 1 Introduction to syllabus and Subject 
2 18-Jan-2017 1 single phase solution to balanced three phase network-Single Line Diagram 
3 18-Jan-2017 1 
Impedance -Reactance-diagram with Typical eg-Representation of PS comp-
Syn m/c model 
4 23-Jan-2017 1 Representation of PS comp-transformer model -tx.line -loads 
5 23-Jan-2017 1 p.u system-merits &demerits -p.u system-change of base-p.u problem 
6 24-Jan-2017 1 p.u-Tutorial problems 
7 24-Jan-2017 1 problems based on P.U system 
8 25-Jan-2017 1 p.u-Tutorial problems 
9 25-Jan-2017 1 Pu problems-with load in P.U values 
10 30-Jan-2017 1 P.U-Tutorial problems 
11 1-Feb-2017 1 Load flow studies :Network model formulation 
12 1-Feb-2017 1 Graph Theory-incidence matrix 
13 2-Feb-2017 1 Formation of Y Bus by singular transformation 
14 3-Feb-2017 1 Y bus formation-Tutorial problems 
15 6-Feb-2017 1 Bus classification- Power flow equation-Solution approach 
16 8-Feb-2017 1 Load flow-Gauss siedel method-flowchart 
17 8-Feb-2017 1 Gauss siedel method-Problem solving 
18 9-Feb-2017 1 
Load flow problem – Newton Raphson method -eqns in rectangular 
coordinates& Polar coordinate 
19 10-Feb-2017 1 Load flow-NR method -Flow chart-problem solving 
20 13-Feb-2017 1 Load flow problems solving-NR method 
21 15-Feb-2017 1 Decoupled & FDLF method & problem solving 
Course Handout 
 
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
22 15-Feb-2017 1 Control of voltage profile by generators and transformers 
23 16-Feb-2017 2 Economic Load Dispatch: System constraints 
24 17-Feb-2017 2 Economic dispatch Problem neglecting losses – Solution method 
25 20-Feb-2017 2 Economic dispatch neglecting losses – problem 
26 21-Feb-2017 2 
Optimal load dispatch including transmission losses -Loss eqn-Bmn 
Coefficients 
27 22-Feb-2017 2 Optimal load dispatch including transmission losses -Tutorial problem 
28 22-Feb-2017 2 physical interpretation of co-ordination equations 
29 23-Feb-2017 2 Exact transmission loss formulae 
30 27-Feb-2017 2 Modified co ordination equation - Automatic load dispatching 
31 1-Mar-2017 2 unit commitment-tutorial problem 
32 1-Mar-2017 3 
Automatic generation and voltage control: Single area Load frequency 
control –model of speed governing system – turbine model 
33 2-Mar-2017 3 Single area Load frequency control-generator model – load model 
34 6-Mar-2017 3 Block diagram of load frequency control – steady state analysis 
35 8-Mar-2017 3 Block diagram of load frequency control – dynamic response 
36 8-Mar-2017 3 load frequency control – proportional plus integral control 
37 9-Mar-2017 3 Two area load frequency control 
38 15-Mar-2017 3 load frequency control-area control error 
39 15-Mar-2017 3 Automatic voltage control 
40 16-Mar-2017 3 Load frequency control with generation rate constraint 
41 20-Mar-2017 3 speed governor dead band and its effect on automatic generation control. 
42 22-Mar-2017 3 Tutorial Problems in load frequency control 
43 22-Mar-2017 4 Short circuit analysis: Transient on a transmission line 
44 23-Mar-2017 4 
short circuit of a synchronous machines without load-using Thevenin's 
equivalent circuit 
45 27-Mar-2017 4 short circuit of a synchronous machines with load –Tutorial problems 
Course Handout 
 
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
46 29-Mar-2017 4 Three phase SC problems-tutorial 
47 29-Mar-2017 4 selection of circuit breakers – problem 
48 30-Mar-2017 4 algorithm for short circuit studies -Z Bus formulation -4 types modification 
49 3-Apr-2017 4 Z Bus formulation –problems 
50 5-Apr-2017 4 Z bus -tutorial problem 
51 5-Apr-2017 4 symmetrical components –problem- phase shift in star delta transformers 
52 6-Apr-2017 4 
sequence impedances of transmission lines, transformers and synchronous 
machines-sequence networks of a power system – 
Tutorial problem 
53 10-Apr-2017 4 
Unsymmetrical faults – analysis of single line to ground, line to line and 
double line to ground faults in power system 
54 12-Apr-2017 4 
Unsymmetrical faults – analysis of single line to ground, line to line and 
double line to ground faults in power system-problem 
55 12-Apr-2017 4 
Problems-unsymmetrical fault calculation-analysis of unsymmetrical fault 
using Z bus 
56 17-Apr-2017 5 Stability: Dynamics of synchronous machine 
57 18-Apr-2017 5 power angle equation -node elimination technique – 
58 19-Apr-2017 5 steady state stability-transient stability 
59 19-Apr-2017 5 equal area criterion-& Tutorial Problems 
60 20-Apr-2017 5 
numerical solution of swing equation -point-by-point method-multi 
machines stability – factors affecting transient stability 
61 20-Apr-2017 5 
Numerical Solution to swing eqn-modified Euler/Runge kutta method-
overall disccussion of subject 
 
 
Course Handout 
 
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
2.3 TUTORIALS 
 
1. A 100 MVA, 33 kV, 3 phse generator has a subtrnsient reactance of 15 %. The generator is 
connected to three motors through a transmission line and two transformers. The motors have 
rated inputs of 30 MVA, 20 MVA and 50 MVA at 30 kV with 20 % subtransient reactance.The 
3 phase transformers are rated at 110 MVA, 32 kV/110 kV Y with leakage reactance 8 %. The 
line has a reactance of 50 ohms. Selecting the generator rating as the base quantities in the 
generator circuit, determine the base quantities in other parts of the system and evaluate the 
corresponding p.u. values. 
 
2. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Course Handout 
 
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
3. 
 
 
4. Consider the three bus system shown in Fig. Each of the three lines has a series impedance of 0.02 
+ j 0.08 P.U and a total shunt admittance of j0.02 PU. The specified quantities at the buses are 
tabulated below. 
 
Bus P demand Qdemand 
(QD) 
P Gen 
(PG) 
Q Gen Voltage 
Specification 
1 2.0 1.0 Unspecifi
ed 
Unspecifie
d 
V1 = 1.04 +j0 
(Slack bus) 
2 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 Unspecifie
d (PQ bus) 
3 1.5 0.6 0.0 QG3 = 
? 
V3 = 1.04 
(PVbus) 
 
 
Course Handout 
 
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
Controllable reactive power source is available at bus 3 with the constraint. 
0QG3  1.5P.U 
Determine the voltages at the end of first iteration by Newton-Raphson method. 
 
5. The system data for a load flow solution are given in table 1 and table 2. Determine the voltages at 
the end of first iteration by Gauss seidal method. Take  = 1.6 
 
Table 1 Line admittances Table 2 Bus Specifications 
 
 
 
6. A constant load of 300 MW is supplied by two generators 1 and 2 for which the respective incremental 
fuel costs are dC1/dPg1 = 0.1 Pg1 + 20,dC2/dPg2 =0.12Pg2+ 15 with powers Pg in MW and costs in 
Rs/hr. Determine (a) the most economical division of load between the generators and (b) the savings in 
Rs/day thereby obtained compared to equal load sharing between machines. 
 
7. A system consists of two plants connected by a transmission line. The only load is located at 
plant2.when 200 MW is transmitted from plant1 to plant2 power loss in the line is 16 MW. Find the 
required generation for each plant and the power received by the load when λ for the system is Rs.25 
/MWhr. The incremental fuel costs of the two plants are given as dC1/dPg1 = 0.01 Pg1 + 8.5, 
dC2/dPg2=0.015Pg2 + 9.5. 
 
8. The Incremental fuel costs in Rs/Mwhr for two units in a plant are given by: dF1/dPg1 = 0.1 Pg1 + 
20,dF2/dPg2 =0.12Pg2+ 16. The minimum and maximum loads on each unit are to be 20 MW and 125 
MW respectively. (a)Determine the incremental fuel cost and the allocation of load between units for the 
minimum cost when loads are (i) 100 MW and (ii) 150 MW. Assume both units are operating. 
Bus 
code 
P Q V Remarks 
1 - - 1.060 Slack 
2 0.5 0.2 - PQ 
3 0.4 0.3 - PQ 
4 0.3 0.1 - PQ 
Bus code Admittance 
1 – 2 2 – j 8 
1 – 3 1 – j 4 
2 – 3 0.666 – j 
2.664 
2 – 4 1 – j 4 
3 – 4 2 – j 8 
Course Handout 
 
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
(b)The savings in Rs/day thereby obtained compared to equal load sharing between machines when the 
load is 100 MW. 
 
9.A Single-area system has the following data: Speed regulation, R=4 Hz/p.u MW, 
Damping coefficient, B=0.1 p.u MW/Hz, Power system Time constant Tps=10 sec, 
Power system gain, Kp=75 Hz/p.u MW. When a 2% load change occurs, determine the AFRC and the 
static frequency error. What is the value of the steady-state frequency error if the governor is blocked? 
 
10.For the radial network shown, a 3 phase fault occurs at F. Determine the fault current and the line 
voltage at 11 kV bus under fault conditions. 
 
 
11.A syn. Generator and a syn motor each rated 25 MVA, 11 kV having 15% subtransient reactance are 
connected through transformers and a line as shown in fig. The transformers are rated 25 MVA, 11/66 
kV and 66/11 kV with leakage reactance of 10 % each. The line has a reactance of 10% on a base of 25 
MVA, 66 kV. The motor is drawing 15 MW at 0.8 pf lead and a terminal voltage of 10.6 when a 
symmetrical 3 phase fault occurs at the motor terminals. Find the subtransient current in the generator 
motor and fault. 
 
12. The system shown in figure is delivering 50 MVA at 11 kV, 0.8 lagging power factor into a bus which 
may be regarded as infinite. Particulars of various system components are : 
Generator : 60 MVA, 12 kV, Xd’ = 0.35 p.u. 
Course Handout 
 
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
Transformers (each) : 10 MVA, 12/66 kV, reactance 0.08 p.u. 
Line : Reactance : 12 ohms, resistance negligible. 
Calculate the symmetrical current that the circuit breakers A and B will be called upon to interrupt in the 
event of a three phase fault occurring at F near the circuit breaker B. 
 
13.A 30 MVA, 11KV, 3 phase synchronous generator has a direct sub-transient reactance of 0.25PU. The 
negative and zero sequence reactance’s are 0.35 and 0.1 P.U respectively The neutral of the generator is 
solidly grounded. Find the sub transient currents and the line to line voltages at the fault under sub 
transient condition when i)a line to line fault and ii) a single-line to ground fault occurs at the terminals of 
the generator. Assume that the generator is unloaded and operating at rated terminal voltage when the 
fault occurs. 
 
14.A salient pole generator without dampers is rated 20 MVA, 13.6 KV and has direct axis sub – transient 
reactance of 0.2 per unit. The negative and zero sequence reactance’s are, respectively, 0.35 and 0.1 per 
unit. The neutral of the generator is solidly grounded. With the generator operating unloaded at rated 
voltage with Ean = 1.0 ∟0° per unit, a single line to ground fault occurs at the machine terminals, which 
then have per – unit voltage to ground, Va = 0; Vb = 1.013∟-102.25°;Vc = 1.013∟102.25°.Determine 
the sub transient current in the generator and the line to line voltage for sub transient conditions due to the 
fault. 
 
15. A 50 Hz, four pole turbogenerator rated 100 MVA, 11 kV has an inertia constant of 8.0 KJ/MVA. a) 
Find the stored energy in the rotor at synchronous speed. 
b) If the mechanical input is suddenly raised to 80 MW for an electrical load of 50 MW, find the rotor 
acceleration elec.deg./sec2 neglecting mechanical and electrical losses. 
 
 16.A generator is delivering 1 p.u power to an infinite bus system through a pure reactive circuit. A fault 
takes place reducing the maximum power transferable to 0.5p.u whereas before the fault , this power was 
2.0p.u and after the clearance of the fault, it is 1.5p.u.by the use of equal area criterion, determine the 
critical clearing angle. 
 
17. A generator ‘A’ is rated at 50 hz,60 MW,75 MVA,1500 rpm and has an inertia constant H 
=7MJ/MVA. The corresponding data for another generator B is 50 Hz, 120 MW, 133MVA, 3000 rpm, 
4MJ /MVA. 
Course Handout 
 
18 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
(a) If these two generators operate in parallel in a power station, calculate H for the equivalent generator 
on a base of 100 MVA. 
If the power station is connected to another power station which has two of each type of generator, 
calculate H for the equivalent generator connected to an infinite bus bar. 
 
 
Course Handout 
 
19 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
2.4 ASSIGNMENTS 
 
ASSIGNMENT-I 
 
1. Draw the p.u reactance diagram for the following problem. 
 
2. Draw the p.u reactance diagram for the following problem. 
 
 
 
 
Course Handout 
 
20 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
3. 
 
4. Explain in detail the control of voltage profile in power system briefing on control by generators 
and transformers. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Course Handout 
 
21 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
ASSIGNMENT-II 
1. Explain in detail the Numerical solution to Swing Equationusing point-to-point method. 
2. Enumerate the solution to swing equation using Modified Euler’s Method and Runge -Kutta 
Method. 
 
Course Handout 
 
22 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. EE 010 802: Switchgear and Protection 
Course Handout 
 
23 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
3.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET 
 
PROGRAMME: Electrical & Electronics 
Engineering 
DEGREE: B.TECH 
COURSE: Switchgear & Protection SEMESTER: VIII CREDITS: 4 
COURSE CODE: EE 010 802 REGULATION: UG COURSE TYPE: CORE 
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Power System CONTACT HOURS: 3+1 (Tutorial) 
hours/Week. 
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF ANY): 
Nil 
LAB COURSE NAME: Nil 
 
SYLLABUS: 
UNIT DETAILS HOURS 
I 
Switch Gear: Definition And Terminology, Protective Gear and Control Gear, 
Basics of Switch Gear-Contactors, Isolators, Fuses, Earthling switches and 
Circuit Breakers 
 
Circuit Breakers: Insulating fluid ,Properties of insulating and arc quenching 
medium, initiation of arc in circuit breakers, arc interruption , current 
chopping and resistance switching, capacitive current breaking, restriking and 
recovery voltage, main parts of a circuit breaker, Rating of alternating current 
circuit breakers, DC circuit breakers 
 
Bulk oil circuit breakers – Minimum Oil circuit breakers -Vacuum circuit 
breakers- SF6 Gas circuit breakers constructional details, principle of 
operation advantages and disadvantages 
12 
II 
Structure of a power system, protective zone, primary and back up protection, 
basic requirements, protective schemes. 
 
Classification of protective relays –Induction relays –operating principle- 
constructional details and characteristics, thermal relays, transducer relays, 
electronic relays, classification based on function. 
 
Protective schemes-over current relaying, instantaneous over current relays, 
time delayed relays ,definite time over current relays ,inverse time over 
current relays, IDMT relays and relay coordination . 
 
Differential relays circulating current differential relays and voltage balance 
differential relays, Biased percentage differential relays. Directional over 
current and directional power relays. Distance relays –Impedance relays –
reactance relays and mho type relays- theory and applications. 
12 
III 
Static relays –static relay components-static over current relays -static distance 
relays,-static differential relays – static earth fault relays-static polyphase 
relays 
 
Microprocessor based relays- over current, earth fault, impedance, reactance 
12 
Course Handout 
 
24 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
and Mho relay-Application of microprocessor based relays. Relay testing 
IV 
Generator protection – faults in generators –stator protection –rotor protection 
–miscellaneous protections .Conventional protection of generators. 
Motor Protection –stator protection- rotor protection – overload protection –
unbalance and single phasing protection-under voltage and reverse phase 
protection-protection for loss of synchronism 
 
Transformer protection-Faults in transformers-differential protection –over 
current and earth fault protection –Bucholz relay. 
 
Protection of feeders - Radial feeders-parallel feeders – ring mains-differential 
pilot protection –Merz price protection –Translay system. 
Protection of transmission lines-definite time and time –distance protection-
phase and earth fault 
12 
V 
Over voltages in power systems –Power frequency over voltages-Switching 
over voltages causes of over voltages - Protection against over voltages- surge 
arrestors 
 
Wave propagation in Transmission lines and cables- transmitted and reflected 
waves-surge impedance. 
Insulation coordination 
12 
TOTAL HOURS 60 
 
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS: 
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION 
T Switch Gear and Power system Protection :Ravindra P Singh, Tata Mc Graw Hill 
T Switch Gear and Power System Protection : Badri Ram D N Viswakarma, Tata Mc Graw 
Hill 
R Power System Protection and Switchgear: Ravindranath and Chander, New Age Int’l 
R Electrical Power Systems: C. L. Wadhwa, New Age Int’l 
R A Course in Electrical Power Systems: Sony, Gupta, Bhatnagar 
R Elements of Power System Analysis: William D. Stevenson, Tata Mc Graw Hill 
R Traveling Waves on Transmission Systems: Bewsley L. V. 
R Power System Protection: M. A Date, B. Oza and N.C Nair, Bharati Prakashan New Age 
International 
 
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: 
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM 
EN 010 108 Basic Electrical Engineering Basic concepts in electrical engineering 
such as KCL, KVL, electromagnetism 
etc. 
I&II 
EE 010 601 Power Generation and 
Distribution 
Knowledge of various generation & 
distribution systems and transmission 
lines 
VI 
EN 010 701 Electrical Power Overall idea about the design & layout VII 
Course Handout 
 
25 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
Transmission of transmission lines 
COURSE OBJECTIVES: 
1 To impart knowledge on various circuit breakers (ac and DC) used in power system 
2 To understand different protection zones and protection schemes in power system 
3 To impart knowledge on various relays including Distance and differential protection schemes 
4 To understand the working principle of static and microprocessor based relays 
5 To impart knowledge on protection schemes for generator, transformer, motor, feeder and 
transmission line 
6 To understand the protection against over voltages and wave propagation in transmission lines and 
under ground cables 
 
COURSE OUTCOMES: 
SNO DESCRIPTION Bloom’s Taxonomy Level 
1 Students will be able to list various circuit breakers 
used in power system 
Knowledge [Level 1] 
2 Students will be able to identify different protection 
zones and protection schemes in power system 
Comprehension [Level 2] 
3 Students will be able to differentiate various relays 
including distance and differential protection schemes 
Analysis[Level 4] 
4 Students will be able to explain the working principle 
of static relays 
Application [Level 3] 
5 Students will be able to summarize the protection 
schemes for generator, transformer, motor, feeder and 
transmission lines 
Synthesis[Level 5] 
6 Students will be able to recall the protection against 
over voltages and working of lightning arrester 
Knowledge [Level 1] 
 
MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs) AND COURSE 
OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs) 
 
PO 
1 
PO 
2 
PO 
3 
PO 
4 
PO 
5 
PO 
6 
PO 
7 
PO 
8 
PO 
9 
PO 
10 
PO 
11 
PO 
12 
 
PSO 1 PSO 2 PSO 3 
C 802.1 2 2 3 2 
C 802. 2 1 2 2 3 
C 802. 3 2 2 2 
C 802. 4 3 2 3 
C 802. 5 2 2 2 1 2 
C 802.6 2 2 2 2 
Course Handout 
 
26 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
EE 802 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 
JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING 
Mapping L/H/M Justification 
C802.1-PO1 M Students will be able apply the knowledge science & electrical 
engineering for the installation of circuit breakers 
C802.1-PO2 M Students will be able to identify and provide solutions to complex 
problems associated with circuit breakers 
C802.1-PO3 H Students will be able to design circuit breakers considering the safety of 
the society 
C802.2-PO2 L Students will be able to identify and formulate problems in the area of 
power system protection 
C802.2-PO5 M Students can create models of various protection schemes and predict its 
performance 
C802.2-PO11 M Students will be able to manage projects linked with power system 
protection 
C802.3-PO1 M Students can apply fundamental engineering knowledge to obtain 
solutions associated with relay operation 
C802.3-PO4M Students can apply the knowledge about relays to conduct experiments 
like relay testing 
C802.4-PO10 H Students will be able to give an effective presentation on static relays 
C802.4-PO11 M Students will be able to manage projects linked with power system 
protection using static relays 
C802.5-PO3 M Students can design a system for the protection of generators 
C802.5-PO4 M Students can conduct suitable experiments and synthesize a protection 
scheme for motors and transformers 
C802.5-PO7 M Students can provide sustainable solutions for protection of electrical 
machines considering its impacts on the environment 
C802.6-PO3 M Students will be able to design lightning arresters considering the safety 
of the society 
C802.6-PO6 M Students will be able to apply the knowledge of overvoltages to assess 
the societal health and safety issues 
C802.6-PO12 M Student will get an initiation to study different power system protection 
schemes 
 
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS: 
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED 
ACTIONS 
1 Working of restricted earth fault relay & pole discrepancy relay NPTEL 
2 Simulation of relay co-ordination MiPower Tool 
Course Handout 
 
27 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY VISIT/GUEST 
LECTURER/NPTEL ETC 
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN: 
1 Simulation of short circuit fault analysis 
2 Modeling of a power system for short circuit fault analysis including relays and circuit 
breakers 
 
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES: 
1 www.nptel.iitm.ac.in 
2 http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm 
 
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES: 
☑ CHALK & TALK ☑ STUD. 
ASSIGNMENT 
☑ WEB 
RESOURCES 
 
☑ LCD/SMART 
BOARDS 
☑ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ ADD-ON 
COURSES 
 
 
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT 
☑ASSIGNMENTS ☑ STUD. 
SEMINARS 
☑ TESTS/MODEL 
EXAMS 
☑UNIV. 
EXAMINATION 
☐ STUD. LAB 
PRACTICES 
☑ STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR 
PROJECTS 
☐ CERTIFICATIONS 
☐ ADD-ON 
COURSES 
☐ OTHERS 
 
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT 
☑ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES 
(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE) 
☑ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY 
(TWICE) 
☐ ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS 
BY EXT. EXPERTS 
☐ OTHERS 
 
 
Prepared by Approved by 
 
 
Ms. Prathibha P.K. Ms. Santhi B 
 HOD, EEE 
 
 
http://www.nptel.iitm.ac.in/
Course Handout 
 
28 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
3.2 COURSE PLAN 
 
Sl.No Date Module Planned 
1 16-Jan-17 1 Subject Introduction 
2 18-Jan-17 1 
Requirements of switchgear and Major switch gear 
equipments- Contactors, 
 Fuses, Circuit breakers and Relays 
3 20-Jan-17 1 
Circuit Breakers, Basic Principle of operation, Arc 
Phenomenon 
4 23-Jan-17 1 
Initiation and Maintenance of arc , Arc Interruption methods 
- Low resistance Method 
5 25-Jan-17 1 
Arc Interruption methods - High resistance method - 
Slepian's and Cassie's theories 
6 27-Jan-17 1 Restriking and Recovery voltage, Current chopping 
7 30-Jan-17 1 
Rating of Circuit breakers Breaking Capacity,Making 
capacity and Short 
 time rating, Tutorials on ratings of CB 
8 1-Feb-17 1 
Working principle and important features of Air blast CB, 
Vaccum CB and SF6 CB 
9 3-Feb-17 1 
Problems of circuit interruption RRRV, current chopping, 
capacitive current breaking 
10 6-Feb-17 1 Oil CB and Classification 
11 8-Feb-17 1 
Resistance Switching and high speed auto reclosing, 
Tutorials on RRRV 
12 10-Feb-17 2 
Introduction of second module- Structure of a power system, 
Protection Zones 
13 13-Feb-17 2 
Protective relays- working principle , Fundamental 
requirements of a protective relaying system 
14 15-Feb-17 2 
 Electromagnetic attraction relay and Electromagnetic 
induction relay , Relay timing,Pick-up current,current 
setting, PSM and TSM 
15 17-Feb-17 2 
Induction type over current relay,Directional power relay, 
Directional over current relay 
16 20-Feb-17 2 
Distance or impedence relays, Differential relays, Translay 
system 
17 22-Feb-17 2 
Instantaneous over current relays, time delayed relays 
,definite time over current relays , 
inverse time over current relays, IDMT relays and relay 
coordination 
18 27-Feb-17 2 
primary and back up protection, thermal relays, transducer 
relays, electronic relays 
19 1-Mar-17 3 
Static relays- Advantages of static relays over electro 
magnetic relays- working principle, Static relay components, 
static over current relay 
20 6-Mar-17 3 
static distance and static differential relays, static earth fault 
relays-static polyphase relays 
Course Handout 
 
29 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
21 8-Mar-17 3 
Microprocessor based relays- over current, earth fault relays , 
Microprocessor based relays-impedance, reactance and Mho 
relay 
22 15-Mar-17 3 
Application of microprocessor based relays. Relay testing , 
Introduction to protection of generators, External and 
internal faults 
23 17-Mar-17 4 
stator protection ,rotor protection, miscellaneous protections 
, Differential protection, Biased circulating current protection 
24 20-Mar-17 4 
Unbalance and single phasing protection-under voltage and 
reverse phase protection 
25 22-Mar-17 4 
Protection for loss of synchronism , Transformer protection-
Faults in transformers 
26 24-Mar-17 4 
differential protection –over current and earth fault 
protection –Bucholz relay 
27 27-Mar-17 4 
Protection of feeders - Radial feeders-parallel feeders - ring 
mains 
28 29-Mar-17 4 
Differential pilot protection , Merz price protection –
Translay system 
29 31-Mar-17 4 
Protection of transmission lines-definite time and time 
distance protection 
30 3-Apr-17 4 Phase and earth fault protection-carrier current protection 
31 5-Apr-17 5 Causes of over voltages - Internal and External causes 
32 7-Apr-17 5 Protection against over voltages- surge arrestors 
33 10-Apr-17 5 Wave propagation in Transmission lines and cables 
34 12-Apr-17 5 
Lightning, Protection against lightning Types of lightning 
strokes - harmful effects - 
earthing screen - overhead ground wires 
35 17-Apr-17 5 
Lightning Arresters - types - horn gap - rod gap - multi gap - 
valve type - expulsion type 
36 21-Apr-17 5 Revision of all modules 
 
 
 
Course Handout 
 
30 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
3.3 TUTORIALS 
 
1. For a 132 kV system, the reactance and capacitance up to the location of Circuit breaker are 3 Ohm 
and 0.015 micro Farad respectively. Calculate the following; 
i) The frequency of oscillation 
ii) The maximum value of restriking voltage across the breaker contacts 
iii) Maximum value of R.R.R.V 
2. An overcurrent relay is used to protect a feeder through a 500/1 A current transformer. The relay 
has a current setting of 125% and the time setting multiplier is 0.3. Find the time of operation of 
the relay if a fault current of 5000A flows through the feeder. The PSM/ Time characteristics is as 
shown below: 
PSM 2 3 5 8 10 15 
Time 10 6 4.5 3.2 3 2.5 
 
3. Determine the time of operation of a 1A, 3sec overcurrent relay having plu setting multiplier 
125% and time setting multiplier of 0.6. The CT has a rating of 400/1A and the fault current is 
4000A. 
PSM 1.3 2 4 8 10 20 
Time 30 10 5 3.3 3 2.2 
 
4. With reference to the figure given, fault current is 2000A. Relay1 has a PSM of 100% and CT 
rating of 200/1 A. Relay 2 has setting of 125% and CT ratio of 200/1 A. For discrimination time 
gradient margin between the relays is 0.5secs. Determine the time of operation of the relays 
assuming both relays have the same time vs. PSM curve. TSM of Relay 1=0.2 Also determine the 
TSM of Relay2. 
PSM 2 3.6 5 8 10 15 20 
Time 10 6 3.9 3.15 2.8 2.2 2.1 
 
Course Handout 
 
31 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
 
5. Withrespect to the figures shown, R1 & R2 are set for 100% flux setting. Determine the time of 
operation of both relays when a time gradient margin of 0.6sec is given and time setting 
multiplier for relay R1 is 0.15 
 
6. A 20MVA transformer used to operate at 30% overload feeds a 11kV bus bar through a circuit 
breaker. The transformer circuit breaker is equipped with 1000/5A CT and the feeder CB with 
400/5A CT. and both CTs feeds relays having the following PSM Vs. Time characteristics 
PSM 2 3 5 10 15 20 
Time 10 6 4.1 3 2.5 2.2 
The relay on the feeder CB has 125% flux setting and 0.3 time setting. If a fault current of 5000A 
flows from transformer to feeder, calculate (a) Operation time of feeder relay (b) Suggest a 
suitable plug setting and time setting for the transformer relay to ensure adequate discrimination 
of 0.5 secs between the transformer and feeder. 
7. A star connected 3phase 10MVA, 6.6kV alternator has a per phase reactance of 10%. Its 
protected by Merz Price circulating current principle which is set to operate for fault currents not 
less thn 175A. Calculate the value of earthing resistance to be provided in order to ensure that 
only 10% of alternator winding remains unprotected. 
 
 
Course Handout 
 
32 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
3.4 ASSIGNMENTS 
 
 
Assignment I 
 
1. Write a brief note on DC circuit breakers. 
 
2. Write note on a) Resistive switching b) Capacitor current breaking in a circuit breaker. 
 
 
 
Assignment II 
 
1. Write notes on a) Surge impedance b) Velocity of wave propagation 
 
2. Explain wave propagation in overhead lines and underground cables. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Course Handout 
 
33 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. EE 010 803: Electrical System Design 
Course Handout 
 
34 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
4.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET 
 
PROGRAMME: Electrical & Electronics Engineering DEGREE: B.TECH 
COURSE: Electrical System Design SEMESTER: VIII CREDITS: 4 
COURSE CODE: EE 010 803 REGULATION: UG COURSE TYPE: CORE 
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Electrical System Design CONTACT HOURS: 3+2 (Tutorial) 
hours/Week. 
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF ANY): 
Nil 
LAB COURSE NAME: Nil 
 
SYLLABUS: 
UNIT DETAILS HOURS 
I 
Design of D.C Machines: Magnetic system- Carter’s coefficient – real and 
apparent flux density. Design specifications – output equation – output 
Coefficient – specific loadings – choice of speed and number of poles – 
calculation of D and L – Armature design – choice of type of winding – 
number of slots –number of conductors per slot – current density – cross 
sectional area – slot insulation – length of air gap – field winding design – 
field ampere turns – excitation voltage per coil – conductor cross section – 
height of pole. 
18 
II 
Transformers: Design – single phase and three phase – output equation – 
specific magnetic loading – core design – single, stepped core - windings – 
number of turns – current density – area of cross section of conductors – types 
of coils – insulation – window area – window space factor – overall 
dimensions-heating, cooling and temperature rise calculation – continuous, 
short time and intermittent rating– design of cooling tank with tubes – design 
of small transformers like 230V/6-0-6V. 
16 
III 
Design of Synchronous Machines: Specific loading – output equation – output 
coefficient – main dimensions – types of winding – design of field system – 
turbo alternator – main dimensions – stator design – rotor design – damper 
winding design – comparison of water wheel and turbo alternators. 
Design of three phase Induction motors: output equation – output coefficient –
main dimensions – rotor bar currents. 
11 
IV General awareness on standards of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) with 
special reference to (1) Code of Practice for Medium Voltage Installations I.S 
15 
Course Handout 
 
35 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
.732, (2) Code of Practice for Earthing I.S.3043, National Electrical Code, 
Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) and its labelling. Electrical wiring layout 
of a small residential building and preparation of schedule of quantity of 
materials, Preparation of basic electrical schemes and layout drawings of a 
high-rise building , Commercial building with rising main distribution to 
upper floors, Basic design and layout of cinema theatres, Basic illumination 
design of a small seminar hall with fluorescent lamps 
V 
Selection of transformer and standby generator for High Tension consumers 
having one large capacity motor and many small motors. Basic design and 
preparation of single line diagram and layout drawings of an HT industrial 
consumer with a) outdoor and b) indoor 11kV substation. Layout and 
estimation of over head and under ground power distribution system. Design 
of earthing system for an HT consumer, Dimensions and drawings of typical 
earth electrodes (1)Pipe Earthing, (2)Plate Earthing. Touch, Step and Transfer 
potentials at EHT Sub-Stations, Earth-mat, installations of special equipment 
like X-Ray, Neon-Sign. 
15 
TOTAL HOURS 75 
 
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS: 
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION 
T Electrical Machine Design- A. K. Sawhney & A. Chakrabarthi.Dhanapat Rai &Sons 
T Electrical Design Estimating and costing.- Raina & Bhatacharya, Wiley Eastern Limited, 
New Delhi, 
T Electrical system Design: M K Giridharan ,I K International Publishing House Pvt.Ltd, 
Bangalore. 
R Design &Testing of electrical machines: Deshpande, Wheeler Publishing 
R Design of Electrical Machines: V N Mittle 
 
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: 
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM 
EN010 108 Basic Electrical 
Engineering 
Basic electrical components and working. 
Basic idea on electromechanical energy conversion 
and fundamental concepts of AC. 
I & 
II 
Course Handout 
 
36 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
EE010 603 Induction 
Machines 
Construction, principle of operation and 
performance of induction machines 
VI 
EE010 402 DC Machines and 
Transformers 
Knowledge about construction and working 
principle of DC machines and transformers. 
IV 
EE010 702 Synchronous 
Machines 
Construction and performance of salient and non – 
salient type synchronous generators. Principle of 
operation and 
performance of synchronous motors 
VII 
 
COURSE OBJECTIVES: 
1 Design of Electrical machines and transformers for the given specifications. 
2 To impart sound knowledge in the design and estimation of electrical installations. 
 
COURSE OUTCOMES: 
SNO DESCRIPTION Blooms’ Taxonomy Level 
1 
Students will be able to analyze the design problems in the 
area of DC machines and solve the design problem by 
applying the standard design procedures 
Application [Level 3] 
Analysis[Level 4] 
2 
Students will be able to analyze the design problems in the 
area of Transformers and solve the design problem by 
applying the standard design procedures. 
Application [Level 3] 
Analysis[Level 4] 
3 
Students will be able to analyze the design problems in the 
area of Synchronous and Induction machines and solve the 
design problem by applying the standard design procedures 
Application [Level 3] 
Analysis[Level 4] 
4 
Students will be able to explain about the standards of BIS 
and will be able to design and prepare electrical schemes and 
layout drawings 
Knowledge [1] 
Comprehension [level 2] 
Application [Level 3] 
5 
Students will be able to select appropriate transformer and 
stand by generators also the preparation of layout and 
estimation distribution system and installation of special 
equipments. 
Synthesis [Level 5] 
 
Course Handout 
 
37 
Departmentof Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs) AND COURSE 
OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs) 
 
PO 
1 
PO 
2 
PO 
3 
PO 
4 
PO 
5 
PO 
6 
PO 
7 
PO 
8 
PO 
9 
PO 
10 
PO 
11 
PO 
12 
 
PSO 1 
PSO 
2 PSO 3 
C 803.1 3 3 3 3 1 2 1 2 2 
C 803. 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 1 2 2 
C803. 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 1 2 2 
C803. 4 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 
C803. 5 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 
EE 803 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 
 
JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING 
Mapping L/H/M Justification 
C803.1-PO1 H Student will be able to apply the knowledge of mathematics and 
engineering to solve the design problems. 
C803.1-PO2 H Student will be able to identify ,analyze and formulate complex design 
problems 
C803.1-PO3 H Student will be able to solve the design problems considering the 
constraints. 
C803.1-PO4 H Student will be able to conduct investigation on design problems and 
analysis and interpretation of data. 
C803.1-PO6 L Student will be able to get the idea about the societal impact through 
design problems. 
C803.1-PO12 M Student recognize the need of the subject for the future learning in 
professional life. 
C803.2-PO1 H Student will be able to apply the knowledge of mathematics and 
engineering to solve the design problems. 
C803.2-PO2 H Student will be able to identify ,analyze and formulate complex design 
problems 
C803.2-PO3 H Student will be able to solve the design problems considering the 
constraints. 
Course Handout 
 
38 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
C803.2-PO4 H Student will be able to conduct investigation on design problems and 
analysis and interpretation of data. 
C803.2-PO6 L Student will be able to get the idea about the societal impact through 
design problems. 
C803.2-PO12 M Student recognize the need of the subject for the future learning in 
professional life. 
C803.3-PO1 H Student will be able to apply the knowledge of mathematics and 
engineering to solve the design problems. 
C803.3-PO2 H Student will be able to identify ,analyze and formulate complex design 
problems 
C803.3-PO3 H Student will be able to solve the design problems considering the 
constraints. 
C803.3-PO4 H Student will be able to conduct investigation on design problems and 
analysis and interpretation of data. 
C803.3-PO6 L Student will be able to get the idea about the societal impact through 
design problems. 
C803.3-PO12 M Student recognize the need of the subject for the future learning in 
professional life. 
C803.4-PO1 H Student will be able to apply the knowledge of mathematics and 
engineering to solve the design problems. 
C803.4-PO2 M Student will be able to identify ,analyze and formulate complex design 
problems 
C803.4-PO3 H Student will be able to solve the design problems considering the 
constraints. 
C803.4-PO4 H Student will be able to conduct investigation on design problems and 
analysis and interpretation of data. 
C803.4-PO6 H Student will be to apply reasoning informed by the contextual 
knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues 
and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional 
Engineering practice in the area of electrification and its design. 
C803.4-PO8 M Student will be able to apply ethical principles and commit to 
professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the Engineering 
practice in the area of electrification and its design. 
Course Handout 
 
39 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
C803.4-PO10 M Student will be able to acquire knowledge in the report presentation 
and documentation in the area electrification and its design. 
C803.4-PO12 M Student recognize the need of the subject for the future learning in 
professional life. 
C803.4-PO1 H Student will be able to apply the knowledge of mathematics and 
engineering to solve the design problems. 
C803.4-PO2 M Student will be able to identify ,analyze and formulate complex design 
problems 
C803.4-PO3 H Student will be able to solve the design problems considering the 
constraints. 
C803.4-PO4 H Student will be able to conduct investigation on design problems and 
analysis and interpretation of data. 
C803.4-PO6 H Student will be to apply reasoning informed by the contextual 
knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues 
and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional 
Engineering practice in the area of distribution and HT consumer side 
electrification. 
C803.4-PO8 M Student will be able to apply ethical principles and commit to 
professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the Engineering 
practice in the area of distribution and HT consumer side electrification. 
C803.4-PO10 M Student will be able to acquire knowledge in the report presentation 
and documentation in the area distribution and HT consumer side 
electrification. 
C803.4-PO12 M Student recognize the need of the subject for the future learning in 
professional life. 
 
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS: 
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED 
ACTIONS 
RELEVANCE 
WITH POs 
RELEVANCE 
WITH PSOs 
1. Practical knowledge about Machine 
Design 
Industrial 
Visit 
1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,12 1 
2 Exposure to practical implications 
of electrical installation 
Industrial 
Visit 
1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,12 1 
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY VISIT/GUEST 
LECTURER/NPTEL ETC 
Course Handout 
 
40 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN: 
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED 
ACTIONS 
RELEVANCE 
WITH POs 
RELEVANCE 
WITH PSOs 
1 Design of small transformer Additional 
class 
1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,12 1 
2 Estimation of material and 
electrical installation of motor in 
different industry 
Additional 
class 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,12 1 
 
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES: 
1 Juha Pyrhonen, Tapani Jokinen, Valeria Hrabovcova “Design of Rotating Electrical Machines”, 
ISBN: 978-0-470-69516-6. Willey Publication Hardcover. 538 pages. February 2009. 
http://books.google.co.in/books/about/Design_of_Rotating_Electrical_Machines.html?id=_y3LS
h1XTJYC&redir_esc=y 
 
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES: 
☑ CHALK & TALK ☑ STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☑ WEB RESOURCES 
☑ LCD/SMART BOARDS ☑ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ ADD-ON COURSES 
 
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT 
☑ASSIGNMENTS ☑ STUD. 
SEMINARS 
☑ TESTS/MODEL 
EXAMS 
☑UNIV. 
EXAMINATION 
☐ STUD. LAB 
PRACTICES 
☑ STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR 
PROJECTS 
☐ CERTIFICATIONS 
☐ ADD-ON COURSES ☐ OTHERS 
 
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT 
☑ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES 
(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE) 
☑ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY 
(TWICE) 
☐ ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS 
BY EXT. EXPERTS 
☐ OTHERS 
 
Prepared by Approved by 
Mr. Thomas K P Ms. Santhi B 
HOD EEE 
Course Handout 
 
41 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
4.2 COURSE PLAN 
 
Sl No Module Date Topic 
1 1 16-Jan-17 Introduction to Machine Design-Magnetic system- Carter’s coefficient 
2 1 17-Jan-17 Real and apparent flux density -Design specifications of DC Machine 
3 1 18-Jan-17 
Output equation – output Coefficient -specific loadings – Magnetic 
,Electric 
4 1 19-Jan-17 Choice of speed and number of poles 
5 1 20-Jan-17 Calculation of D and L 
6 1 23-Jan-17 
Armature design – choice of type of winding-number of slots –number 
of conductors per slot 
7 1 24-Jan-17 
Armature design-current density – cross sectional area – length of air 
gap -slot insulation 
8 1 25-Jan-17 Field winding design – field ampere turns-excitation voltage per coil 
9 1 27-Jan-17 Field winding design– conductor cross section -height of pole. 
10 1 30-Jan-17 Tutorial on DC Machine design 
11 1 31-Jan-17 Tutorial on DC Machine design 
12 1 1-Feb-17 Tutorial onDC Machine design 
13 1 2-Feb-17 Tutorial on DC Machine design 
14 1 3-Feb-17 Tutorial on DC Machine design 
15 2 6-Feb-17 Introduction to design of single phase and three phase transformers 
16 2 7-Feb-17 Output equation of transformers -Specific magnetic loading 
17 2 8-Feb-17 Core design – single, stepped core -Windings – number of turns 
18 2 9-Feb-17 
Current density – area of cross section of conductors -Types of coils – 
insulation 
19 2 10-Feb-17 Window area – window space factor -Overall dimensions-heating 
Course Handout 
 
42 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
20 2 13-Feb-17 
Cooling and temperature rise calculation -Continuous, short time and 
intermittent rating 
21 2 14-Feb-17 
Design of cooling tank with tubes -Design of small transformers like 
230V/6-0-6V. 
22 2 15-Feb-17 Tutorial on Transformer design 
23 2 16-Feb-17 Tutorial on Transformer design 
24 2 17-Feb-17 Tutorial on Transformer design 
25 2 20-Feb-17 Tutorial on Transformer design 
26 2 21-Feb-17 Tutorial on Transformer design 
27 3 22-Feb-17 
Introduction to Design of Synchronous Machines- Specific loading – 
output equation – output coefficient 
28 3 23-Feb-17 Main dimensions – types of winding 
29 3 27-Feb-17 
Design of field system – turbo alternator -main dimensions – stator 
design 
30 3 28-Feb-17 
rotor design – damper winding design -comparison of water wheel and 
turbo alternators. 
31 3 1-Mar-17 Tutorial on deisgn of Synchronous machines 
32 3 2-Mar-17 Tutorial on deisgn of Synchronous machines 
33 3 3-Mar-17 Tutorial on deisgn of Synchronous machines 
34 3 6-Mar-17 
introduction to Design of three phase Induction motors- output 
equation – output coefficient 
35 3 7-Mar-17 Main dimensions – rotor bar currents. 
36 3 8-Mar-17 Tutorial on design of three phase induction motor 
37 3 9-Mar-17 Tutorial on design of three phase induction motor 
38 3 10-Mar-17 Tutorial on design of three phase induction motor 
39 4 16-Mar-17 
General awareness on standards of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) 
with special reference to (1) Code of Practice for Medium Voltage 
Installations I.S .732, (2) Code of Practice for Earthing I.S.3043 
40 4 17-Mar-17 
National Electrical Code, Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) and its 
labelling. 
Course Handout 
 
43 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
41 4 20-Mar-17 
Electrical wiring layout of a small residential building and preparation 
of schedule of quantity of materials 
42 4 21-Mar-17 
Preparation of basic electrical schemes and layout drawings of a high-
rise building 
43 4 22-Mar-17 
Tutorial on Preparation of basic electrical schemes and layout drawings 
of a high-rise building 
44 4 23-Mar-17 Commercial building with rising main distribution to upper floors 
45 4 24-Mar-17 
Tutorial on electrical syastem for Commercial building with rising 
main distribution to upper floors 
46 4 27-Mar-17 Basic design and layout of cinema theatres 
47 4 28-Mar-17 Turtorial on Basic design and layout of cinema theatres 
48 4 29-Mar-17 
Basic illumination design of a small seminar hall with fluorescent 
lamps 
49 4 30-Mar-17 
Tutorial on Basic illumination design of a small seminar hall with 
fluorescent lamps 
50 4 31-Mar-17 
Tutorial on Basic illumination design of a small seminar hall with 
fluorescent lamps 
51 5 3-Apr-17 
Selection of transformer and standby generator for High Tension 
consumers having one large capacity motor and many small motors. 
52 5 4-Apr-17 
Basic design and preparation of single line diagram and layout 
drawings of an HT industrial consumer with outdoor 11kV substation. 
53 5 5-Apr-17 
Basic design and preparation of single line diagram and layout 
drawings of an HT industrial consumer with indoor 11kV substation. 
54 5 6-Apr-17 
Tutorial on design and preparation of single line diagram and layout 
drawings of an HT industrial consumer with outdoor 11kV substation. 
55 5 7-Apr-17 
Tutorial on design and preparation of single line diagram and layout 
drawings of an HT industrial consumer with outdoor 11kV substation. 
56 5 10-Apr-17 
Layout and estimation of over head and under ground power 
distribution system. 
Course Handout 
 
44 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
57 5 11-Apr-17 
Design of earthing system for an HT consumer, Dimensions and 
drawings of typical earth electrodes (1)Pipe Earthing, (2)Plate 
Earthing. 
58 5 12-Apr-17 
Tutorial on Layout and estimation of over head and under ground 
power distribution system and earthing system. 
59 5 17-Apr-17 Touch, Step and Transfer potentials at EHT Sub-Stations 
60 5 18-Apr-17 Earth-mat, installations of special equipment like X-Ray, Neon-Sign. 
 
 
Course Handout 
 
45 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
4.3 TUTORIALS 
 
Module I 
1. Calculate the diameter and length of armature for a 7.5 KW,4 pole,1000 RPM,220 V shunt motor 
full load efficiency 0.83,maximum gap flux density=0.9Wb/m2 specific electric loading =30000 
ampere conductors per meter, field form factor 0.7.Assume that the maximum efficiency occurs 
at full load and the field current is 25% of rated current. The pole face is square?. 
2. Determine the main dimensions, number of poles and the length of air gap of a 600kW, 500V, 
900 rpm DC generator. Assume average gap flux density as 0.6 Wb/m2 and ampere conductors 
per meter as 35,000. The ratio of poles arc to pole pitch is 0.67 and the efficiency is 91%. The 
peripheral speed should not exceed 40m/s and the armature mmf per pole should be below 
7500A. The mmf required for gap is 50% of armature mmf and gap contraction factor is 1.15. 
3. A 4 pole, 25HP, 500V, 600rpm series crane motor has an efficiency of 82%. The pole face are 
square and the ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.67. Assuming an average gap density of .55 
Wh/m sq. and ampere conductors/meter as 17000, obtain the main dimensions of the core and 
particulars of the suitable armature winding? 
4. A 500KW,460V,8 pole, r.p.m compound generator has an armature diameter of 1.1m a core 
length of 0.33m. Design a symmetrical armature winding, giving the details of equalizers. The 
ampere conductors per meter are 34,000. The internal voltage drop is 4 percent of terminal 
voltage and the field current is 1 percent of the output current. The ratio of pole is to to pole pitch 
is 0.7. the voltage between adjacent segments t no load should not exceed 15V and the lot loading 
should not exceed 1500 A. The diameter of commutator is 0.65 of armature diameter and the 
minimum allowable pitch of segments is 4mm. Make other suitable assumptions. 
5. A 5 KW,4 pole,1500 RPM DC shunt generator is designed to have a square pole face. The 
specific magnetic and electrical loading are 0.42wb/m2 and 15000aAc/m respectively. Find the 
main dimensions of the machine. Assume that the pole arc is 0.6 times the pole pitch and full load 
efficiency as 0.82. 
6. Calculate the diameter and length of armature for a 7.5 KW,4 pole,1000 RPM,220 V shunt motor 
full load efficiency 0.83,maximum gap flux density=0.9Wb/m2 specific electric loading =30000 
ampere conductors per meter, field form factor 0.7.Assume that the maximum efficiency occurs 
at full load and the field current is 25% of rated current. The pole face is square. 
7. Find the main dimension, number of poles and length of air gap of a 1000kW, 500V, 300 rpm DC 
generator. Assume the specific magnetic loading Bav = 0.7 Wb/m2 ampere conductor per meter 
=40000 square pole face, ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.7. Assume efficiency as 92% and gap 
contraction factor as 1.15. 
 
Module II 
1. Calculate the main dimensions and winding details of a 500KVa,6600/400 V,50Hz single phase 
core type oil immersed self cooled transformer. Assume voltage/turn=20 V, area factor for a 
stepped core =0.56,window space factor=0.3 current density =3 A/mm2 width of the largeststep 
0.85 A/mm2 ,flux density BM=1.2 Wb/m2 ,width of largest step =0.85 dS , distance between centre 
of adjacent limbs 1.85a,Assume Ay =Al 
2. Determine the dimensions of the core, numbers of turns and the cross sectional area of conductors 
in the primary and secondary windings of a 100 KVA,2200/480 V single phase core type 
transformer to operate at a frequency of 50 Hz assuming the following data voltage per 
turn=7.5V,maximum flux density =1.2 Wb/m2,ratio of net cross sectional area of core to the 
Course Handout 
 
46 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
square of diameter of circumscribing circle 0.6Hw/Ww=2,window space factor =0.28current 
density 2.5A/mm2,stacking factor=0.9,Assume that the yoke section is 20% larger than core 
section?. 
3. Determine the main dimensions of the core, the number of turns and the cross-section of the 
conductors for a 5kVA, 11,000/400V, and 50Hz single-phase core type distribution transformer. 
The net conductor area in the window is 0.6 times the net cross-section of iron in the core. 
Assume a square cross-section for the core, a flux density 1 Wb/m2 , a current density 1.4 A/mm2 
and a window space factor 0.2. The height of window is 3 times its width. 
4. Determine the main dimension of the core of a 5 KVA, 11,000/400V and 50 Hz single phase 
core type distribution transformer having the following data and : net conductor area of the 
window is 0.6 times the net cross-sectional area of iron in the core. The core is of square cross 
section. Maximum flux density is 1 Tesla. Current density is 1.4 A/mm sq. Window space factor 
is 0.2. Height of the window is 3 times the width. ? 
5. Describe the design of 230V/6-0-6 V transformer? 
6. Determine the main dimension of the core, the number of turns and the cross section of the 
conductors for a 5KVA, 11000/400V,50Hz single phase core type distribution transformer. The 
net conductor area in the window is 0.6 times the net cross section of iron in the core. Assume a 
square cross section for the core, a flux density 1 Wb/m2,a current density 1.4 A/mm2 and a 
widow space factor 0.2.The height of window is 3 times its width. 
7. Calculate the main dimensions and winding details of a 100KVa, 2000/400 V,50Hz single phase 
shell type oil immersed self cooled transformer. Assume voltage/turn=10 V, flux density in the 
core =1.1Wb/m2 ,current density=2A/mm2 window space factor =0.33.The ratio of window height 
to window width and ratio of core depth to width of central limb =0.25. The stalking factor is 0.9. 
8. The tank of a 500 KVA single-phase 50Hz,6600/4000 V transformer is 110 cm x 155 cm ,if the 
load losses is 6.2 kW find the suitable arrangements for the cooling tubes to limit the temperature 
rise to 350 C. Take the diameter of the cooling tubes as 5 cm and the average length of tube is 110 
cm. 
9. Design an adequate cooling arrangement for a 250kVA, 6600/400V, 50Hz, 3-phase, delta/star 
core type oil immersed natural cooled transformer with following particulars: 
(i) Winding temp. rise not to be exceed 500C 
(ii) Total losses at 900C are 5kW 
(iii) Tank dimensions, height X length X width =125 X 100 X 50 (all in cm) 
(iv) Oil level = 115cm length. 
Sketch diagram to show the arrangement. 
 
Module III 
1. Derive from first principles, the output equation of a 3-phase synchronous generator and explain 
the various factors to be considered while choosing values for specific electric and magnetic 
loadings. 
2. Determine the main dimensions of a 75MVA, 13.8kV,50Hz,62.5rpm star connected alternator. 
Find the number of stator slots, conductors per slot and area of conductor. The peripheral should 
not be more than 40m/s. Specific magnetic loading is 0.65 Tesla, Specific electric loading is 
40,000A/m, Current density 4 A/mm2 . 
3. Determine the diameter of the stator bore and core length of a 70HP, 415V 3 Phase 50Hz star 
connected 6 pole induction motor for which the specific electric and magnetic loading are 
32000A/m and 0.51 Wb/ mm sq. Take the efficiency as 90% and power factors 0.91 assume pole 
pitch is equal to core length? 
Course Handout 
 
47 
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 
 
4. Determine for a 500 KVA, 6600V, 12 pole, 500 rpm, 3 phase alternator, suitable values for (1) 
The diameter at air gap (2) The core length (3) the number of stator conductors (4) the number of 
stator slots. Assume a star connected stator winding, a specific magnetic loading 0.6 Wb/m2 sq, 
and a specific electric loading of 30,000 A/m. Assume ratio length pole- pitch= 1.5. Sketch the 
shape of slot and the arrangement of conductors and specify the insulation? 
5. Derive the output equation of Synchronous Machine. 
6. Determine the main dimension, turns per phase, number of slots, conductor cross section and slot 
area of a 250 kVA, 3 phase, 50 Hz, 400v, 1410 rpm, slip ring induction motor. Assume Bav =0.5 
Wb/m2,ac=30,000 A/m, efficiency 0.9 and power factor=0.9, winding Factor = 0.955,current 
density = 3.5 A/mm2. The slot space factor is 0.4 and the ratio of core length to pole pitch is 
1.2.the machine is delta connected. 
7. Design the suitable valves of diameter and length of a 75MVA, 11Kv, 50Hz,3000RPM,3-phase 
star connected alternator. Also determine the value of flux conductors per slot, number of turns 
per phase and the size of armature conductors. Average gap density =0.6T Ampere conductors 
per m=50,000 Peripheral speed =180m/sec Winding factor=0.95 Current density =6A/mm2 
8. Determine approximate values for the stator bore and the effective core length of a 55 KW,415 
V,3 phase star connected,50 Hz four pole induction motor, efficiency =90% power factor 
0.91,winding factor 0.955.Assume suitable data whenever necessary wit proper justification. Also 
explain the relevant expression used?. 
9. Find the values of diameter and length of a stator core of a 7.5 KW, 220V, 50Hz,4 pole ,3 phase 
induction motor for the best power factor. Given specific magnetic loading =0.4 Wb/m2, specific 
electrical loading =22000A/m, efficiency=0.86 and power factor 0.87.Also find the main 
dimensions if the ratio of core length to pole pitch is unity?. 
10. A three phase alternator having a full load rating of 11000 KVA at 0.8 PF,2200 V,50 Hz,300 
Rpm has a stator diameter of 1.9m,core length of 0.3 m and 180 slots using the information of the 
machine ,with suitable modification where required, determine the stator diameter core length 
,number of slots and conductors per slots for a three machine to give 2000KVA at 0.8 
PF,6600V,50Hz,600Rpm?. 
11. In the design of a 30 HP, 3-phase, 440V, 960rpm, 50Hz delta connected induction motor, assume 
the specific loading of 25000ac/m. Specific magnetic loading of 0.46 Wb/m2. Full load efficiency 
86%, pf 0.87 .Estimate the following (i) stator core dimensions (2) number of stator slots and 
winding turns. 
 
Module IV 
1. Prepare a building plan for your own house, identify the electrical points for the building and 
determine the connected load of the building. 
2. A room 18m 6m 5m, is to be wired in PVC wiring from a single phase 230V supply. There 
are two rows of lamps along the length of the room. The number of lamps may be suitably 
assumed each lamp is controlled by an independent switch. The wiring along the wall is 4m 
above the ground and the switch are 1.3 m above ground. Draw the installation plan and 
determine the quantity of materials required and cost for the material? 
3. Explain the layout and design of the cinema theatre? 
4. Explain the Electrical layout of small residential building. 
5. Explain the design and layout of cinema theatre. 
6. A 25x10 m room is to be provided with electrical connections. It has 8 lights points,4 fans points 
two 5 A socket and one 10 A socket. Decide the number of sub circuits. Draw the installation 
plan, calculate the size and length of wiring required for the wiring installation and estimate the