A Unified Modeling Language (UML)

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Date: March 2015
OMG Unified Modeling Language TM (OMG UML)
Version 2.5
OMG Document Number formal/2015-03-01
Normative Reference: http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.5
Associated Normative Machine Consumable Files:
http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/20131001/PrimitiveTypes.xmi
http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/20131001/UML.xmi
http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/20131001/StandardProfile.xmi
http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/20131001/UMLDI.xmi
Version 2.5 is formally a minor revision to the UML 2.4.1 specification, having been substantially re-
written as solicited by the UML Specification Simplification RFP ad/09-12-10. It supersedes 
formal/2011-08-05 (Infrastructure) and formal/2011-08-06 (Superstructure).
Copyright © 2009-2013 88Solutions
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ii Unified Modeling Language 2.5
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Unified Modeling Language 2.5 iii
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iv Unified Modeling Language 2.5
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Unified Modeling Language 2.5 v
Table of Contents
1 Scope...............................................................................................................................1
2 Conformance................................................................................................................... 3
3 Normative References.....................................................................................................5
4 Terms and Definitions...................................................................................................... 7
5 Notational Conventions....................................................................................................9
5.1 Key words for Requirement Statements.............................................................................. 9
5.2 Annotations on Example Diagrams......................................................................................9
6 Additional Information.................................................................................................... 11
6.1 Specification Simplification................................................................................................ 11
6.2 Architectural Alignment...................................................................................................... 11
6.3 On the Semantics of UML..................................................................................................12
6.3.1 Models and What They Model................................................................................................... 12
6.3.2 Semantic Areas.......................................................................................................................... 13
6.3.3 Stable and Transient Behavioral Semantics.............................................................................. 15
6.4 How to Read this Specification.......................................................................................... 16
6.4.1 Specification Format.................................................................................................................. 16
6.4.2 Diagram Format......................................................................................................................... 18
6.5 Acknowledgements........................................................................................................... 19
6.5.1 Primary Authors......................................................................................................................... 19
6.5.2 Technical Support...................................................................................................................... 19
6.5.3 Reviewers.................................................................................................................................. 19
6.5.4 Submitters.................................................................................................................................. 20
7 Common Structure.........................................................................................................21
7.1 Summary........................................................................................................................... 21
7.2 Root................................................................................................................................... 21
7.2.1 Summary................................................................................................................................... 21
7.2.2 Abstract Syntax.......................................................................................................................... 21
7.2.3 Semantics.................................................................................................................................. 22
7.2.4 Notation..................................................................................................................................... 22
7.2.5 Examples................................................................................................................................... 22
7.3 Templates.......................................................................................................................... 22
7.3.1 Summary................................................................................................................................... 22
7.3.2 Abstract Syntax.......................................................................................................................... 23
7.3.3 Semantics.................................................................................................................................. 24
7.3.4 Notation..................................................................................................................................... 26
7.4 Namespaces..................................................................................................................... 27
7.4.1 Summary................................................................................................................................... 27
7.4.2 Abstract Syntax.......................................................................................................................... 27
7.4.3 Semantics.................................................................................................................................. 27
7.4.4 Notation..................................................................................................................................... 29
vi Unified Modeling Language 2.5
7.4.5 Examples.................................................................................................................................. 30
7.5 Types and Multiplicity........................................................................................................ 32
7.5.1 Summary................................................................................................................................... 32
7.5.2 Abstract Syntax..........................................................................................................................33
7.5.3 Semantics.................................................................................................................................. 33
7.5.4 Notation..................................................................................................................................... 34
7.5.5 Examples................................................................................................................................... 35
7.6 Constraints........................................................................................................................ 35
7.6.1 Summary................................................................................................................................... 35
7.6.2 Abstract Syntax.......................................................................................................................... 36
7.6.3 Semantics.................................................................................................................................. 36
7.6.4 Notation..................................................................................................................................... 36
7.6.5 Examples................................................................................................................................... 37
7.7 Dependencies................................................................................................................... 38
7.7.1 Summary................................................................................................................................... 38
7.7.2 Abstract Syntax.......................................................................................................................... 38
7.7.3 Semantics.................................................................................................................................. 38
7.7.4 Notation..................................................................................................................................... 39
7.7.5 Examples................................................................................................................................... 39
7.8 Classifier Descriptions....................................................................................................... 40
7.8.1 Abstraction [Class]..................................................................................................................... 40
7.8.2 Comment [Class]....................................................................................................................... 40
7.8.3 Constraint [Class]....................................................................................................................... 41
7.8.4 Dependency [Class]................................................................................................................... 42
7.8.5 DirectedRelationship [Abstract Class]........................................................................................ 42
7.8.6 Element [Abstract Class]............................................................................................................ 43
7.8.7 ElementImport [Class]................................................................................................................ 44
7.8.8 MultiplicityElement [Abstract Class]........................................................................................... 45
7.8.9 NamedElement [Abstract Class]................................................................................................ 47
7.8.10 Namespace [Abstract Class]...................................................................................................... 50
7.8.11 PackageImport [Class]............................................................................................................... 52
7.8.12 PackageableElement [Abstract Class]....................................................................................... 52
7.8.13 ParameterableElement [Abstract Class].................................................................................... 53
7.8.14 Realization [Class]..................................................................................................................... 54
7.8.15 Relationship [Abstract Class]..................................................................................................... 54
7.8.16 TemplateBinding [Class]............................................................................................................ 55
7.8.17 TemplateParameter [Class]........................................................................................................ 55
7.8.18 TemplateParameterSubstitution [Class]..................................................................................... 56
7.8.19 TemplateSignature [Class]......................................................................................................... 57
7.8.20 TemplateableElement [Abstract Class]...................................................................................... 58
7.8.21 Type [Abstract Class]................................................................................................................. 59
7.8.22 TypedElement [Abstract Class].................................................................................................. 59
7.8.23 Usage [Class]............................................................................................................................ 60
7.8.24 VisibilityKind [Enumeration]........................................................................................................60
7.9 Association Descriptions....................................................................................................61
7.9.1 A_actual_templateParameterSubstitution [Association].............................................................61
7.9.2 A_annotatedElement_comment [Association]........................................................................... 61
7.9.3 A_clientDependency_client [Association].................................................................................. 61
7.9.4 A_constrainedElement_constraint [Association]........................................................................ 61
Unified Modeling Language 2.5 vii
7.9.5 A_default_templateParameter [Association].............................................................................. 61
7.9.6 A_elementImport_importingNamespace [Association]...............................................................62
7.9.7 A_formal_templateParameterSubstitution [Association]............................................................ 62
7.9.8 A_importedElement_import [Association].................................................................................. 62
7.9.9 A_importedMember_namespace [Association].......................................................................... 62
7.9.10 A_importedPackage_packageImport [Association].................................................................... 63
7.9.11 A_lowerValue_owningLower [Association]................................................................................. 63
7.9.12 A_mapping_abstraction [Association]........................................................................................ 63
7.9.13 A_member_memberNamespace [Association].......................................................................... 63
7.9.14 A_nameExpression_namedElement [Association].....................................................................63
7.9.15 A_ownedActual_owningTemplateParameterSubstitution [Association]......................................64
7.9.16 A_ownedComment_owningElement [Association]..................................................................... 64
7.9.17 A_ownedDefault_templateParameter [Association]................................................................... 64
7.9.18 A_ownedElement_owner [Association]......................................................................................64
7.9.19 A_ownedMember_namespace [Association]............................................................................. 65
7.9.20 A_ownedParameter_signature [Association]............................................................................. 65
7.9.21 A_ownedParameteredElement_owningTemplateParameter [Association]................................65
7.9.22 A_ownedRule_context [Association].......................................................................................... 65
7.9.23 A_ownedTemplateSignature_template [Association]................................................................. 65
7.9.24 A_packageImport_importingNamespace [Association].............................................................. 66
7.9.25 A_parameterSubstitution_templateBinding [Association]...........................................................66
7.9.26 A_parameter_templateSignature [Association].......................................................................... 66
7.9.27 A_parameteredElement_templateParameter [Association]....................................................... 66
7.9.28 A_relatedElement_relationship [Association]............................................................................. 67
7.9.29 A_signature_templateBinding [Association]............................................................................... 67
7.9.30 A_source_directedRelationship [Association]............................................................................ 67
7.9.31 A_specification_owningConstraint [Association]........................................................................ 67
7.9.32 A_supplier_supplierDependency [Association].......................................................................... 67
7.9.33 A_target_directedRelationship [Association].............................................................................. 68
7.9.34 A_templateBinding_boundElement [Association]...................................................................... 68
7.9.35 A_type_typedElement [Association]...........................................................................................68
7.9.36 A_upperValue_owningUpper [Association]................................................................................ 68
8 Values............................................................................................................................ 69
8.1 Summary........................................................................................................................... 69
8.2 Literals............................................................................................................................... 69
8.2.1 Summary................................................................................................................................... 69
8.2.2 Abstract Syntax.......................................................................................................................... 69
8.2.3 Semantics.................................................................................................................................. 69
8.2.4 Notation..................................................................................................................................... 70
8.3 Expressions....................................................................................................................... 70
8.3.1 Summary................................................................................................................................... 70
8.3.2 Abstract Syntax.......................................................................................................................... 71
8.3.3 Semantics.................................................................................................................................. 71
8.3.4 Notation..................................................................................................................................... 72
8.3.5 Examples................................................................................................................................... 72
8.4 Time.................................................................................................................................. 73
8.4.1 Summary................................................................................................................................... 73
8.4.2 Abstract Syntax.......................................................................................................................... 73
8.4.3 Semantics.................................................................................................................................. 74
viii Unified Modeling Language 2.5
8.4.4 Notation..................................................................................................................................... 75
8.4.5 Examples................................................................................................................................... 75
8.5 Intervals............................................................................................................................. 75
8.5.1 Summary................................................................................................................................... 75
8.5.2 Abstract Syntax.......................................................................................................................... 76
8.5.3 Semantics.................................................................................................................................. 76
8.5.4 Notation..................................................................................................................................... 77
8.5.5 Examples................................................................................................................................... 77
8.6 Classifier Descriptions....................................................................................................... 78
8.6.1 Duration [Class]......................................................................................................................... 78
8.6.2 DurationConstraint [Class]......................................................................................................... 78
8.6.3 DurationInterval [Class].............................................................................................................. 79
8.6.4 DurationObservation [Class]...................................................................................................... 79
8.6.5 Expression [Class]..................................................................................................................... 80
8.6.6 Interval [Class]........................................................................................................................... 81
8.6.7 IntervalConstraint [Class]........................................................................................................... 81
8.6.8 LiteralBoolean [Class]................................................................................................................ 82
8.6.9 LiteralInteger [Class].................................................................................................................. 82
8.6.10 LiteralNull [Class]....................................................................................................................... 83
8.6.11 LiteralReal [Class]...................................................................................................................... 83
8.6.12 LiteralSpecification [Abstract Class]........................................................................................... 84
8.6.13 LiteralString [Class].................................................................................................................... 84
8.6.14 LiteralUnlimitedNatural [Class]...................................................................................................85
8.6.15 Observation [Abstract Class]..................................................................................................... 85
8.6.16 OpaqueExpression [Class]........................................................................................................ 85
8.6.17 StringExpression [Class]............................................................................................................ 87
8.6.18 TimeConstraint [Class]............................................................................................................... 88
8.6.19 TimeExpression [Class]............................................................................................................. 89
8.6.20 TimeInterval [Class]................................................................................................................... 89
8.6.21 TimeObservation [Class]............................................................................................................ 90
8.6.22 ValueSpecification [Abstract Class]............................................................................................ 90
8.7 Association Descriptions....................................................................................................91
8.7.1 A_behavior_opaqueExpression [Association]............................................................................ 91
8.7.2 A_event_durationObservation [Association].............................................................................. 92
8.7.3 A_event_timeObservation [Association].................................................................................... 92
8.7.4 A_expr_duration [Association]................................................................................................... 92
8.7.5 A_expr_timeExpression [Association]........................................................................................ 92
8.7.6 A_max_durationInterval [Association]........................................................................................ 92
8.7.7 A_max_interval [Association]..................................................................................................... 93
8.7.8 A_max_timeInterval [Association].............................................................................................. 93
8.7.9 A_min_durationInterval [Association]......................................................................................... 93
8.7.10 A_min_interval [Association]...................................................................................................... 93
8.7.11 A_min_timeInterval [Association]............................................................................................... 94
8.7.12 A_observation_duration [Association]........................................................................................ 94
8.7.13 A_observation_timeExpression [Association]............................................................................ 94
8.7.14 A_operand_expression [Association]......................................................................................... 94
8.7.15 A_result_opaqueExpression [Association]................................................................................. 95
8.7.16 A_specification_durationConstraint [Association]...................................................................... 95
8.7.17 A_specification_intervalConstraint [Association]........................................................................ 95
8.7.18 A_specification_timeConstraint [Association]............................................................................ 95
Unified Modeling Language 2.5 ix
8.7.19 A_subExpression_owningExpression [Association]................................................................... 96
9 Classification..................................................................................................................97
9.1 Summary........................................................................................................................... 97
9.2 Classifiers.......................................................................................................................... 97
9.2.1 Summary................................................................................................................................... 97
9.2.2 Abstract Syntax.......................................................................................................................... 97
9.2.3 Semantics.................................................................................................................................. 97
9.2.4 Notation..................................................................................................................................... 99
9.2.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 101
9.3 Classifier Templates.........................................................................................................101
9.3.1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 101
9.3.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 102
9.3.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................ 102
9.3.4 Notation................................................................................................................................... 103
9.3.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 104
9.4 Features.......................................................................................................................... 105
9.4.1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 105
9.4.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 105
9.4.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................ 105
9.4.4 Notation................................................................................................................................... 108
9.5 Properties........................................................................................................................ 109
9.5.1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 109
9.5.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 109
9.5.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................ 109
9.5.4 Notation.................................................................................................................................... 111
9.5.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 113
9.6 Operations....................................................................................................................... 114
9.6.1 Summary.................................................................................................................................. 114
9.6.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 114
9.6.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................114
9.6.4 Notation.................................................................................................................................... 115
9.6.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 117
9.7 Generalization Sets......................................................................................................... 117
9.7.1 Summary.................................................................................................................................. 117
9.7.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 117
9.7.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................ 117
9.7.4 Notation.................................................................................................................................... 118
9.7.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 120
9.8 Instances......................................................................................................................... 124
9.8.1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 124
9.8.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 124
9.8.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................ 125
9.8.4 Notation................................................................................................................................... 126
9.8.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 126
9.9 Classifier Descriptions..................................................................................................... 127
9.9.1 AggregationKind [Enumeration]............................................................................................... 127
9.9.2 BehavioralFeature [Abstract Class]..........................................................................................128
x Unified Modeling Language 2.5
9.9.3 CallConcurrencyKind [Enumeration]........................................................................................ 129
9.9.4 Classifier [Abstract Class]........................................................................................................ 130
9.9.5 ClassifierTemplateParameter [Class]....................................................................................... 134
9.9.6 Feature [Abstract Class].......................................................................................................... 136
9.9.7 Generalization [Class].............................................................................................................. 136
9.9.8 GeneralizationSet [Class]........................................................................................................ 137
9.9.9 InstanceSpecification [Class]................................................................................................... 138
9.9.10 InstanceValue [Class].............................................................................................................. 139
9.9.11 Operation [Class]..................................................................................................................... 139
9.9.12 OperationTemplateParameter [Class]...................................................................................... 142
9.9.13 Parameter [Class].................................................................................................................... 143
9.9.14 ParameterDirectionKind [Enumeration]....................................................................................145
9.9.15 ParameterEffectKind [Enumeration]......................................................................................... 145
9.9.16 ParameterSet [Class]............................................................................................................... 146
9.9.17 Property [Class]....................................................................................................................... 147
9.9.18 RedefinableElement [Abstract Class].......................................................................................151
9.9.19 RedefinableTemplateSignature [Class].................................................................................... 152
9.9.20 Slot [Class]............................................................................................................................... 153
9.9.21 StructuralFeature [Abstract Class]........................................................................................... 154
9.9.22 Substitution [Class].................................................................................................................. 154
9.10 Association Descriptions..................................................................................................155
9.10.1 A_attribute_classifier [Association].......................................................................................... 155
9.10.2 A_bodyCondition_bodyContext [Association].......................................................................... 155
9.10.3 A_classifier_instanceSpecification [Association]...................................................................... 155
9.10.4 A_classifier_templateParameter_parameteredElement [Association]......................................155
9.10.5 A_collaborationUse_classifier [Association]............................................................................. 155
9.10.6 A_condition_parameterSet [Association]................................................................................. 156
9.10.7 A_constrainingClassifier_classifierTemplateParameter [Association]...................................... 156
9.10.8 A_contract_substitution [Association]...................................................................................... 156
9.10.9 A_defaultValue_owningParameter [Association]......................................................................156
9.10.10 A_defaultValue_owningProperty [Association]......................................................................... 157
9.10.11 A_definingFeature_slot [Association]....................................................................................... 157
9.10.12 A_extendedSignature_redefinableTemplateSignature [Association]........................................157
9.10.13 A_feature_featuringClassifier [Association]............................................................................. 157
9.10.14 A_general_classifier [Association]........................................................................................... 157
9.10.15 A_general_generalization [Association]................................................................................... 158
9.10.16 A_generalizationSet_generalization [Association]................................................................... 158
9.10.17 A_generalization_specific [Association]................................................................................... 158
9.10.18 A_inheritedMember_inheritingClassifier [Association]............................................................. 158
9.10.19 A_inheritedParameter_redefinableTemplateSignature [Association].......................................158
9.10.20 A_instance_instanceValue [Association].................................................................................. 159
9.10.21 A_method_specification [Association]......................................................................................1599.10.22 A_operation_templateParameter_parameteredElement [Association].....................................159
9.10.23 A_opposite_property [Association]...........................................................................................159
9.10.24 A_ownedParameterSet_behavioralFeature [Association]........................................................ 160
9.10.25 A_ownedParameter_operation [Association]........................................................................... 160
9.10.26 A_ownedParameter_ownerFormalParam [Association]...........................................................160
9.10.27 A_ownedTemplateSignature_classifier [Association]............................................................... 160
9.10.28 A_ownedUseCase_classifier [Association].............................................................................. 160
9.10.29 A_parameterSet_parameter [Association]............................................................................... 161
9.10.30 A_postcondition_postContext [Association]............................................................................. 161
Unified Modeling Language 2.5 xi
9.10.31 A_powertypeExtent_powertype [Association].......................................................................... 161
9.10.32 A_precondition_preContext [Association]................................................................................ 161
9.10.33 A_qualifier_associationEnd [Association]................................................................................ 161
9.10.34 A_raisedException_behavioralFeature [Association]............................................................... 162
9.10.35 A_raisedException_operation [Association]............................................................................. 162
9.10.36 A_redefinedClassifier_classifier [Association].......................................................................... 162
9.10.37 A_redefinedElement_redefinableElement [Association].......................................................... 162
9.10.38 A_redefinedOperation_operation [Association]........................................................................162
9.10.39 A_redefinedProperty_property [Association]............................................................................ 163
9.10.40 A_redefinitionContext_redefinableElement [Association].........................................................163
9.10.41 A_representation_classifier [Association]................................................................................ 163
9.10.42 A_slot_owningInstance [Association]....................................................................................... 163
9.10.43 A_specification_owningInstanceSpec [Association].................................................................164
9.10.44 A_subsettedProperty_property [Association]........................................................................... 164
9.10.45 A_substitution_substitutingClassifier [Association].................................................................. 164
9.10.46 A_type_operation [Association]................................................................................................164
9.10.47 A_value_owningSlot [Association]........................................................................................... 164
10 Simple Classifiers........................................................................................................ 165
10.1 Summary......................................................................................................................... 165
10.2 DataTypes....................................................................................................................... 165
10.2.1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 165
10.2.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 165
10.2.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................ 165
10.2.4 Notation................................................................................................................................... 166
10.2.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 166
10.3 Signals............................................................................................................................. 167
10.3.1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 167
10.3.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 167
10.3.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................ 167
10.3.4 Notation................................................................................................................................... 168
10.3.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 168
10.4 Interfaces......................................................................................................................... 168
10.4.1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 168
10.4.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 169
10.4.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................ 169
10.4.4 Notation................................................................................................................................... 170
10.4.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 170
10.5 Classifier Descriptions..................................................................................................... 172
10.5.1 BehavioredClassifier [Abstract Class]...................................................................................... 172
10.5.2 DataType [Class]...................................................................................................................... 172
10.5.3 Enumeration [Class]................................................................................................................. 173
10.5.4 EnumerationLiteral [Class]....................................................................................................... 173
10.5.5 Interface [Class]....................................................................................................................... 174
10.5.6 InterfaceRealization [Class]..................................................................................................... 175
10.5.7 PrimitiveType [Class]............................................................................................................... 175
10.5.8 Reception [Class]..................................................................................................................... 176
10.5.9 Signal [Class]........................................................................................................................... 176
10.6 Association Descriptions..................................................................................................177
xii Unified Modeling Language 2.5
10.6.1 A_classifierBehavior_behavioredClassifier [Association]......................................................... 177
10.6.2 A_classifier_enumerationLiteral[Association].......................................................................... 177
10.6.3 A_contract_interfaceRealization [Association]......................................................................... 177
10.6.4 A_interfaceRealization_implementingClassifier [Association].................................................. 177
10.6.5 A_nestedClassifier_interface [Association].............................................................................. 178
10.6.6 A_ownedAttribute_datatype [Association]................................................................................178
10.6.7 A_ownedAttribute_interface [Association]................................................................................178
10.6.8 A_ownedAttribute_owningSignal [Association]........................................................................ 178
10.6.9 A_ownedBehavior_behavioredClassifier [Association]............................................................ 178
10.6.10 A_ownedLiteral_enumeration [Association]............................................................................. 179
10.6.11 A_ownedOperation_datatype [Association]............................................................................. 179
10.6.12 A_ownedOperation_interface [Association]............................................................................. 179
10.6.13 A_ownedReception_interface [Association]............................................................................. 179
10.6.14 A_protocol_interface [Association]........................................................................................... 180
10.6.15 A_redefinedInterface_interface [Association]........................................................................... 180
10.6.16 A_signal_reception [Association]............................................................................................. 180
11 Structured Classifiers...................................................................................................181
11.1 Summary......................................................................................................................... 181
11.2 Structured Classifiers...................................................................................................... 181
11.2.1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 181
11.2.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 181
11.2.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................ 182
11.2.4 Notation................................................................................................................................... 183
11.2.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 184
11.3 Encapsulated Classifiers................................................................................................. 187
11.3.1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 187
11.3.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 188
11.3.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................ 188
11.3.4 Notation................................................................................................................................... 189
11.3.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 190
11.4 Classes............................................................................................................................ 192
11.4.1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 192
11.4.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 192
11.4.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................ 192
11.4.4 Notation................................................................................................................................... 193
11.4.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 193
11.5 Associations.................................................................................................................... 197
11.5.1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 197
11.5.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 197
11.5.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................ 197
11.5.4 Notation................................................................................................................................... 199
11.5.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 201
11.6 Components.................................................................................................................... 206
11.6.1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 206
11.6.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 207
11.6.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................ 207
11.6.4 Notation................................................................................................................................... 208
11.6.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 209
Unified Modeling Language 2.5 xiii
11.7 Collaborations..................................................................................................................213
11.7.1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 213
11.7.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 213
11.7.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................ 214
11.7.4 Notation................................................................................................................................... 215
11.7.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 215
11.8 Classifier Descriptions..................................................................................................... 217
11.8.1 Association [Class]................................................................................................................... 217
11.8.2 AssociationClass [Class].......................................................................................................... 218
11.8.3 Class [Class]............................................................................................................................219
11.8.4 Collaboration [Class]................................................................................................................ 220
11.8.5 CollaborationUse [Class]......................................................................................................... 221
11.8.6 Component [Class].................................................................................................................. 222
11.8.7 ComponentRealization [Class]................................................................................................. 223
11.8.8 ConnectableElement [Abstract Class]......................................................................................224
11.8.9 ConnectableElementTemplateParameter [Class].....................................................................224
11.8.10 Connector [Class].................................................................................................................... 225
11.8.11 ConnectorEnd [Class].............................................................................................................. 226
11.8.12 ConnectorKind [Enumeration].................................................................................................. 227
11.8.13 EncapsulatedClassifier [Abstract Class].................................................................................. 228
11.8.14 Port [Class].............................................................................................................................. 228
11.8.15 StructuredClassifier [Abstract Class]........................................................................................230
11.9 Association Descriptions..................................................................................................231
11.9.1 A_collaborationRole_collaboration [Association]..................................................................... 231
11.9.2 A_connectableElement_templateParameter_parameteredElement [Association]...................231
11.9.3 A_contract_connector [Association]......................................................................................... 232
11.9.4 A_definingEnd_connectorEnd [Association]............................................................................ 232
11.9.5 A_endType_association [Association]......................................................................................232
11.9.6 A_end_connector [Association]................................................................................................232
11.9.7 A_end_role [Association]......................................................................................................... 232
11.9.8 A_extension_metaclass [Association]...................................................................................... 233
11.9.9 A_memberEnd_association [Association]................................................................................ 233
11.9.10 A_navigableOwnedEnd_association [Association].................................................................. 233
11.9.11 A_nestedClassifier_nestingClass [Association]....................................................................... 233
11.9.12 A_ownedAttribute_class [Association]..................................................................................... 234
11.9.13 A_ownedAttribute_structuredClassifier [Association]............................................................... 234
11.9.14 A_ownedConnector_structuredClassifier [Association]............................................................234
11.9.15 A_ownedEnd_owningAssociation [Association]....................................................................... 234
11.9.16 A_ownedOperation_class [Association]................................................................................... 235
11.9.17 A_ownedPort_encapsulatedClassifier [Association]................................................................ 235
11.9.18 A_ownedReception_class [Association].................................................................................. 235
11.9.19 A_packagedElement_component [Association]....................................................................... 235
11.9.20 A_partWithPort_connectorEnd [Association]........................................................................... 235
11.9.21 A_part_structuredClassifier [Association]................................................................................ 236
11.9.22 A_protocol_port [Association].................................................................................................. 236
11.9.23 A_provided_component [Association]...................................................................................... 236
11.9.24 A_provided_port [Association]................................................................................................. 236
11.9.25 A_realization_abstraction_component [Association]................................................................ 236
11.9.26 A_realizingClassifier_componentRealization [Association]...................................................... 237
11.9.27 A_redefinedConnector_connector [Association]...................................................................... 237
xiv Unified Modeling Language 2.5
11.9.28 A_redefinedPort_port [Association]..........................................................................................237
11.9.29 A_required_component [Association]...................................................................................... 237
11.9.30 A_required_port [Association].................................................................................................. 237
11.9.31 A_roleBinding_collaborationUse [Association]......................................................................... 238
11.9.32 A_role_structuredClassifier [Association].................................................................................238
11.9.33 A_superClass_class [Association]........................................................................................... 238
11.9.34 A_type_collaborationUse [Association].................................................................................... 238
11.9.35 A_type_connector [Association]............................................................................................... 238
12 Packages..................................................................................................................... 239
12.1 Summary......................................................................................................................... 239
12.2 Packages......................................................................................................................... 239
12.2.1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 239
12.2.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 239
12.2.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................ 239
12.2.4 Notation................................................................................................................................... 246
12.2.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 247
12.3 Profiles............................................................................................................................ 250
12.3.1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 250
12.3.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 251
12.3.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................251
12.3.4 Notation................................................................................................................................... 260
12.3.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 262
12.4 Classifier Descriptions..................................................................................................... 271
12.4.1 Extension [Class]..................................................................................................................... 271
12.4.2 ExtensionEnd [Class]............................................................................................................... 272
12.4.3 Image [Class]........................................................................................................................... 273
12.4.4 Model [Class]........................................................................................................................... 273
12.4.5 Package [Class]....................................................................................................................... 274
12.4.6 PackageMerge [Class]............................................................................................................. 276
12.4.7 Profile [Class]........................................................................................................................... 276
12.4.8 ProfileApplication [Class]......................................................................................................... 277
12.4.9 Stereotype [Class].................................................................................................................... 278
12.5 Association Descriptions..................................................................................................279
12.5.1 A_appliedProfile_profileApplication [Association].................................................................... 279
12.5.2 A_icon_stereotype [Association].............................................................................................. 279
12.5.3 A_mergedPackage_packageMerge [Association]....................................................................279
12.5.4 A_metaclassReference_profile [Association]........................................................................... 280
12.5.5 A_metamodelReference_profile [Association]......................................................................... 280
12.5.6 A_nestedPackage_nestingPackage [Association]................................................................... 280
12.5.7 A_ownedEnd_extension [Association]..................................................................................... 280
12.5.8 A_ownedStereotype_owningPackage [Association]................................................................ 280
12.5.9 A_ownedType_package [Association]..................................................................................... 281
12.5.10 A_packageMerge_receivingPackage [Association]................................................................. 281
12.5.11 A_packagedElement_owningPackage [Association]............................................................... 281
12.5.12 A_profileApplication_applyingPackage [Association]............................................................... 281
12.5.13 A_profile_stereotype [Association]........................................................................................... 282
12.5.14 A_type_extensionEnd [Association]......................................................................................... 282
13 Common Behavior....................................................................................................... 283
Unified Modeling Language 2.5 xv
13.1 Summary......................................................................................................................... 283
13.2 Behaviors........................................................................................................................ 283
13.2.1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 283
13.2.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 284
13.2.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................ 284
13.2.4 Notation................................................................................................................................... 288
13.2.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 288
13.3 Events............................................................................................................................. 288
13.3.1 Summary................................................................................................................................. 288
13.3.2 Abstract Syntax........................................................................................................................ 289
13.3.3 Semantics................................................................................................................................ 289
13.3.4 Notation................................................................................................................................... 291
13.3.5 Examples................................................................................................................................. 292
13.4 Classifier Descriptions..................................................................................................... 292
13.4.1 AnyReceiveEvent [Class]......................................................................................................... 292
13.4.2 Behavior [Abstract Class]......................................................................................................... 292
13.4.3 CallEvent [Class]...................................................................................................................... 295
13.4.4 ChangeEvent [Class]............................................................................................................... 295
13.4.5 Event [Abstract Class].............................................................................................................. 295
13.4.6 FunctionBehavior [Class]......................................................................................................... 296
13.4.7 MessageEvent [Abstract Class]............................................................................................... 296
13.4.8 OpaqueBehavior [Class].......................................................................................................... 297
13.4.9 SignalEvent [Class].................................................................................................................. 297
13.4.10 TimeEvent [Class].................................................................................................................... 297
13.4.11 Trigger [Class].......................................................................................................................... 298
13.5 Association Descriptions..................................................................................................299
13.5.1 A_changeExpression_changeEvent [Association]................................................................... 299
13.5.2 A_context_behavior [Association]............................................................................................ 299
13.5.3 A_event_trigger [Association].................................................................................................. 299
13.5.4 A_operation_callEvent [Association]........................................................................................