The destination of several indigenous communities from the Calchaquí Valleys in the colonial period was the area that corresponds to the current city of Quilmes. The Quilmes community, along with other indigenous groups known as the 'Diaguitas' peoples, were relocated there. The resistance against European conquest in the Calchaquí Valleys began in 1560, led by the cacique Juan Calchaquí. The Alcalines, another indigenous group, also attempted to resist but were eventually subsumed in a military campaign in 1667 and exiled like the Quilmes.
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