What is the concept of climax in ecological succession? I. The ecologist Frederic E. Clements defended the hypothesis of a single climax dominatin...

What is the concept of climax in ecological succession?

I. The ecologist Frederic E. Clements defended the hypothesis of a single climax dominating a given climatic region, being the final stage of all succession.
II. The approach of monoclímax was questioned by many ecologists, including Sir Arthur G. Tansley, who proposed the concept of policlímax.
III. Robert Whittaker proposed his hypothesis of climax patterns, which consists of the affirmation that there is a continuity of climax types, varying gradually through environmental gradients.
IV. In practice, it is difficult to identify a community in climax stage, and any change in the succession becomes imperceptible.
a) Only statements I and II are correct.
b) Only statements II and III are correct.
c) Only statements III and IV are correct.
d) All statements are correct.