Many contributions have been made by the philosophical tradition to psychopathology. In this context, four themes are particularly relevant: 1) the...

Many contributions have been made by the philosophical tradition to psychopathology. In this context, four themes are particularly relevant: 1) the mind-brain relationship; 2) the problem of causality in psychopathology; 3) the problem of truth in psychopathology; and 4) the issue of values in psychopathology and clinical practice. The mind-brain relationship has been the subject of philosophical reflections and intense discussions since ancient times. What are the main philosophical theses about the mind-brain relationship?

The mind and the brain are two distinct substances or realities in the dualist theses.
The dualist thesis of interactionism or Cartesianism postulates the reciprocal action and mutual influence between two independent and autonomous substances: the mind and the body (including the brain).
The dualist thesis of parallelism affirms that the soul and the body represent two species of reality, two substances totally distinct and autonomous, independent and uninfluential to each other.
The dualist epiphenomenalist thesis affirms that the brain produces or causes mental phenomena, which in turn are epiphenomena of the brain, but do not retroact on it.
a) Only statement 1 is correct.
b) Statements 1 and 2 are correct.
c) Statements 2 and 3 are correct.
d) Statements 3 and 4 are correct.
e) All statements are correct.