Identify the anatomical structures and organs that make up the gastrointestinal tract, as well as recognize their functional and pathological aspec...

Identify the anatomical structures and organs that make up the gastrointestinal tract, as well as recognize their functional and pathological aspects.

The digestive system is responsible for controlling the quality of food and eliminating waste.
All cells in the human body need nutrients, which are obtained through the conversion of ingested food into usable energy.
The organs of the digestive system are divided into two main groups: the digestive organs that form the gastrointestinal tract and the accessory digestive organs.
The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
The accessory digestive organs include the teeth, tongue, gallbladder, and some large digestive glands, such as the salivary glands, liver, and pancreas.
The mouth or oral cavity is formed by the cheeks, hard and soft palates, and tongue.
The tongue is a large muscle that occupies a good part of the oral cavity and is responsible for moving food in the mouth and aiding in swallowing.
The salivary glands secrete saliva, which is composed of 99.5% water and 0.5% solutes, including the enzyme salivary amylase that begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth.
The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach and is responsible for transporting food to the stomach.
The deglutition is divided into three phases: voluntary, pharyngeal, and esophageal.