Módulo 05 CBMERJ 2020 - inglês - Preposições

Prévia do material em texto

INGLÊS MÓDULO 05 
 
1 
 Todas os exercícios da apostila que tiverem essa câmera , estão 
gravados em vídeo para você. Nossos professores resolveram as 
questões, comentando cada detalhe para te ajudar na hora de estudar. 
Muitas questões trazem dicas preciosas. Não deixe de assistir aos 
vídeos dentro da plataforma on-line do Perspectiva e bons estudos! 
 
 
BASIC PREPOSITIONS 
 
As preposições básicas da língua inglesa se resumem em IN, ON e AT , 
as três palavras são geralmente traduzidas para a preposição do “em” do 
português cabendo, portanto, ao contexto em que são utilizadas a 
diferenciação entre elas seguindo sempre uma ideia dedutiva. 
 
BASIC PREPOSITIONS FOR TIME 
 
Quando usadas para expressar tempo as preposições seguirão as 
seguintes regras: 
 
IN-> Períodos maiores que 48hrs ( months, bimester, semester, year, 
week,etc), partes do dia (in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening), 
referência ao futuro “em quinze dias” (in fifteen days) e “na madrugada” 
(in the night) 
 
ON-> Períodos até 48hrs (days of the week: sunday, monday, tuesday, 
wednesday, thursday, friday, saturday), feriados acompanhados de day 
ou ‘eve (on christmas ‘eve, on easter day) 
 
AT-> Hora exata (at five o’clock), nome de feriados (at christmas, at 
easter), exceção em partes do dia (at night) 
 
OBS: Weekend pode ser usado com on “on weekend” mais comum nos 
EUA ou at “at weekend” mais comum na Inglaterra. 
 
BASIC PREPOSITIONS FOR PLACE 
 
Quando usadas para expressar um lugar as preposições expressarão 
ideias específicas e seguirão as seguintes regras: 
 
IN-> ideia: DENTRO/INSIDE, Territórios (Continente: in Europe, países: In 
Greece, estados: In Massachussets, cidades: In RIo de Janeiro, bairros: 
In Tijuca), in the world, 
 
ON-> ideia: SUPERFÍCIE/SURFACE, ruas e estradas ( on the street, on 11th 
street, on 5th avenue, on the viaduct, on the highway, on the road), 
andares de prédio (on the second floor), on Earth, 
 
AT-> ideia: ponto de referência/reference point, endereços completos(at 
156 Maracanã Avenue), at home. 
 
 
 
 
 
OBS: As preposições básicas IN e ON podem ser combinadas com a 
preposição TO ( para = ideia de movimento) e siginificarão a combinação 
de sua ideia respectiva mais a ideia de movimento do TO 
 
Into-> movimento para dentro ex: I walked into Maracanã stadium and I 
immediately started listening to the crowd. 
 
Onto-> movimento para uma superfície ex: The cat jumped onto the table 
 
OBS: At the end versus In the end: 
at the end: “no fim/final”, quando este final é algo esperado 
 
In the end: “no fim/final”, quando este final é inesperado, surpreendente 
 
Nas palavras da banda Linking Park 
 
“I tried so hard 
And got so far 
But in the end 
It doesn't even matter 
I had to fall 
To lose it all 
But in the end 
It doesn't even matter” 
 
OBS: On time X In time 
Pontualmente A tempo de se fazer alguma coisa 
 
I didn’t arrive on time but I got in time to say goodbye to her! 
 
OBS: Expressões com AT 
at once: imediatamente; de uma só vez 
at ease: à vontade 
at first: em princípio 
at last: por último 
not at all: absolutamente não 
at least: pelo menos at most: no máximo 
 
PRINCIPAIS PREPOSIÇÕES 
 
From: origem, movimento de retorno A←B 
Where are you from? 
(Em inglês, nas perguntas, é comum jogarmos as preposições para o final 
da frase.) 
 
To: destination, movimento a/para um lugar A -> B 
Where are you going to? 
 
OBS: From… to… (Deslocamento de espaço): 
 
They will travel from Rio to Guaratinguetá to see your graduation. 
 
From… to… 
From… till… 
 
From… through… 
From… until… (Deslocamento de tempo) 
 
We have classes from 8:00 a.m. to/till/through/until 10:00 p.m.. 
 
For: finalidade, destinatários 
 
I bought a gif for my mother. 
 
OBS: For x to 
A utilização de ambas as preposições é extremamente parecida e pode 
nos confundir por vezes, a dica mais valiosa é observar o V.P.(verbo 
principal) e entender a sua ideia, uma vez que usaremos to para verbos 
e contextos com ideia de movimento. 
 
Ex: I went to the shopping mall and I bought a gift for my mother. 
 
 
Of: 
1.Content: 
A glass of water 
 
2.Possession: 
The Gospel of John. 
 
By: 
 
INGLÊS MÓDULO 05 
 
2 
 
1.Agente da Passiva 
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 
 
2.=Around, About 
I got home by midnight. 
 
3.=Near, Close to 
I live by the lake. 
 
4.Means of transportation: 
I come to school by bus. 
 
p.s.: O padrão contemporâneo do inglês estadunidense aceita by foot e 
on foot, enquanto o padrão europeu aceita on foot. Observa-se que a FAB 
prefere o padrão on foot. 
 
 
OBS: What’s the difference? 
 
Feijoada is made of beans and porky. X Wine is made from grapes. 
 
Observe que na feijoada você observa os ingredientes originais e no 
vinho é impossível enxergá-los. A diferença é portanto: Feito de (made 
of) feito a partir de ( made from) 
 
 
Through 
 
 
Go through the tunnel. 
 
 
P.s.: Idioms: 
Read… through 
Watch… through 
See… through 
 
I have read Harry Potter through. 
 
Across 
 
Go across the street. 
 
Throughout ( Through) 
 
They have been friends throughout their lives. 
 
By X With 
 
The rat was killed by the boys with a stone. 
 
By: agente da passiva. With: instrumento. 
 
 
Up: 
1.Movimento para cima: 
 
Go upstairs. 
 
2.Ações completas: 
Drink up your milk, sonny. 
 
Down: 
1.Ações para baixo: 
 
Go down Presidente Vargas Av. until Central do Brasil Station. 
 
 
Upon = On 
The film was based upon the book. 
 
The movie was based on the book. 
 
 
About: 
 
1.Topics (*): 
The lecture was about Philosophy. 
 
2.Nearly, Around 
I may arrive about midday for the traffic may be heavy. 
 
 
*Falando sobre tópicos, about pode ser substituído por “on” or “upon”: 
 
The lecture was on/upon Philosophy. 
 
With: (company) 
Who do you live with? 
 
 
Without (opposite With) 
With or without you 
With or without you 
 
I can't live 
With or without you 
 
In front of: 
 
Superman is in front of Batman. 
 
Behind: 
Cyclops is behind Professor X. 
 
Opposite: 
They are sitting opposite each other. 
 
 
Next to: 
Cyclops is next to Jean Grey. 
 
Beside: 
803 is beside 805. 
 
 
Between: (entre 2 elementos) 
The letter is between the cushions. 
 
Among (Am.E.) = Amongst (Br. E.) 
I was amongst the people in “Jornada Mundial da Juventude”. 
 
Over: 
 
1.Movement or position (= Above) 
 
 
Throw the ball over the box. 
 
Podemos também usar over quando falamoos sobre movimentos através 
de uma superfície: 
 
Shall we go over the road and see if there is a bank on the other side? 
 
 
 
INGLÊS MÓDULO 05 
 
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Above: 
 
1.Position not touching. 
The birds flew above that tree. 
 
Beyond: (Além de, referência de local) 
It lies beyond the river. 
 
 
Within: 
Within: space 
Within significa “dentro ou não mais que uma área ou espaço em 
particular”: 
 
People who live within the city pay higher local taxes than people who live 
just outside the city. (= the people who live no further than the city 
boundary or limits) 
We’ve always lived within ten miles of the coast. We love the sea. (We’ve 
always lived no further than ten miles from the coast.) 
 
Within: time 
Podemos usar para nos referir a tempo: 
 
I’ve booked train tickets on the Internet. They should arrive within three 
days. (no later than three days from now) 
I’ve noticed her change within a very short time. 
 
Warning: 
Within does not mean the same as in. Within stresses that something is 
not further than a particular area or space or not later than a particular 
time: 
Your shirt is in the drawer. 
Not: Your shirt is within the drawer. 
 
I always have tea in the afternoon. 
Not: I always have tea within the afternoon. 
 
Towards: 
 
Towards and toward are prepositions. We can use both forms, but 
towards is much more common than toward. Toward(s) most often 
means ‘in the direction of something’: 
 
The oil pollution is now movingtowards the shore, and could threaten 
beaches and wild life. 
 
He stood up and moved toward the door. 
Weuse toward(s) to mean ‘in relation to someone or something’. We don’t 
useagainst or about when we talk about people’s attitudes, feelings and 
behaviour in relation to one another: 
 
She’s always been very friendlytowards me. 
He felt very angry towards her when she refused him. Not: … angry against 
her … or …angry about her … 
 
 
Toward(s): position 
We use toward(s) to mean ‘near to or just before a time or place’: 
 
Toward the late afternoon I always get sleepy and can’t work so well. 
 
We sat towards the back of the room but we could still hear the speakers 
very clearly. 
Toward(s): purpose 
Toward(s) can mean ‘for the purpose of buying or achieving something’: 
 
Would you like to make a contribution towards our new children’s 
playground? (Would you like to give some money to help pay for it?) 
 
The essays you do during term counttowards your final grade. 
 
BESIDES: “além de” 
Besides Physics, we have to study Portuguese, Mathematics and English. 
 
Besides studying English, we have to study Mathematics, Physics and 
Portuguese. 
 
Besides the fact that we study English, we have to study Mathematics, 
Physics and Portuguese. 
 
Despite = In spite of (Apesar de) 
 
Despite raining, they went to the beach. 
Despite of the rain, they went to the beach. 
 
In spite of raining, they went mountain climbing. 
In spite of the rain, they went mountain climbing. 
 
Under = Underneath 
 
The rabbit is under the table. 
 
Below = Beneath 
 
 
The fish are below the surface. 
 
EXERCISES: 
1) Take _____ bags into the kitchen. 
A) these B) this C) that D) it 
 
2) I don’t like _____ music. 
A) they B) these C) this D) it 
 
3) Look! _____ is my mother. 
A) these B) it C) this D) that 
 
4) “Is _____ exercise very easy?” 
“No, _____ isn’t.” 
A) these / it B) this / its C) these / this D) that / it 
 
5) How much are _____ glasses? 
A) this B) they C) these D) that 
 
6) He plays football _____ Friday mornings. 
A) in B) on C) at D) of 
 
7) Do you relax _____ weekends? 
A) at B) on C) in D) by 
 
8) She gets up early _____ the morning. 
A) on B) at C) in D) by 
 
9) The train leaves Paris _____ 4 p.m. 
A) at B) in C) on D) by 
 
10) I was _____ Adam’s party _____ Saturday. 
A) in / at B) at / on C) in / on D) on / at 
 
11) John lives _____ home _____ his parents. 
A) in / with B) at / with C) at / of D) on / with 
 
12) I go _____ work _____ bus. 
A) to / by B) at / on C) to / with D) by / to 
 
 
 
INGLÊS MÓDULO 05 
 
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13) Queen Elizabeth was born _____ London _____ 1926. 
A) at / in B) of / on C) in / in D) on / in 
 
14) A: _____ can you cook Italian food for us? 
B: On Friday evening. 
A) What B) When C) What time D) Why 
 
15) A: _____ can my students come? 
B: At 3 in the afternoon. 
A) What B) Where C) How D) What time 
 
16) Assinale a alternativa que corresponde à sequência de pronomes que 
mais 
adequadamente completam a sentença a seguir: 
__________ cat is sick because __________ ate __________ spoiled food over 
there. 
a) Its; he; that b) Its; he; this c) His; its; this d) His; it; that 
 
17) He walked __________ the room. 
a) at b) on c) into d) between 
 
18) The prepositions in and on are correctly used in all alternatives 
EXCEPT: 
a) On September I’ll be in vacation. 
b) He’ll go on a leave in the summer. 
c) She’s always in a bad mood on Mondays. 
d) In two months you can be on the road. 
e) In the evenings I see her on TV. 
 
 
 
19) I made seven different plans for my vacation, however __________ the 
end I went to the 
Bahamas again. 
a) to b) at c) with d) in 
 
20) Choose the only option with the correct preposition: 
What __________ earth are you doing here so early in the morning? 
a) under b) on c) in d) at 
 
21) Choose the best alternative to complete the blanks: 
Julie was born __________ July 3, __________ night __________ New York. 
a) in / at / at b) in / at / in c) on / at / in d) on / in / at 
 
22) Mark the only sentence that CANNOT be correctly completed with 
the preposition FROM: 
a) Commercial sales of drugs derived __________ this one 
plant are about US$160 million a year. 
b) Madagascar's rosy periwinkle, a plant __________ 
Africa, provides two important anti-tumor agents. 
c) Quinine, an aid in the cure of malaria, is an alkaloid extracted 
__________ the bark of the cinchona tree found in Latin America and 
Africa 
d) __________ 1960, only 19 percent of Hodgkin's disease 
sufferers had a chance for survival. 
e) Until recently, wild yams __________ Mexico and Guatemala 
provided the world with its entire supply of diosgenin, an active 
ingredient in birth control pills. 
 
23) In the phrase "Exports to China are expected to quadruple by 2010", 
BY is being used with the same meaning as in: 
a) I'll finish reading the book by midnight. 
b) We could go to Gramado by car. 
c) He paid the hotel expenses by check. 
d) Forty divided by eight is five. 
e) Do you know "The Da Vinci Code" by Dan Brown? 
 
24) Prepaid meters have been launched with the aim 
__________ improving water service; however, they might be a problem 
__________ those who cannot afford paying __________ water services. 
a) to – for – of 
b) on – to – for 
c) of – to – on 
d) for – on – of 
e) of – for – for 
 
25) Something is cooking __________ the oven. 
a) up 
b) to 
c) in 
d) into 
e) for 
 
26) It's clear that Gossard and the rest of Pearl Jam no longer want to 
rely __________ anger and craziness to drive the band. 
– A preposição que deve acompanhar o verbo "rely", relacionado 
no texto, é: 
a) at 
b) on 
c) in 
d) for 
e) with 
 
27) Scientists have been talking about producing better foods 
__________ genetic engineering ever since the technology first became 
available more than 20 years ago. 
a) by. 
b) for. 
c) over. 
d) through. 
e) with. 
 
28) He walked __________ the room. 
a) at 
b) on 
c) between 
d) into 
e) among 
 
29) I read a chapter __________ politics. 
a) on 
b) at 
c) above 
d) before 
e) after 
 
30) __________ the circumstances you must go __________ 
 foot. 
a) Under – with 
b) Under – by 
c) On – on 
d) Under – on 
e) On – under 
 
 
 
31) Complete com as palavras necessárias: 
I was born __________ 2 o'clock __________ the morning, 
__________ a Sunday __________ April 
__________ the year 1958, __________ a farm __________ a small village 
called Sta. Cruz, __________ the state of Goiás, Brazil. 
a) on / in / on / in / in / in / in / in 
b) on / in / on / in / of / in / in / in 
 
INGLÊS MÓDULO 05 
 
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c) at / in / on / in / of / on / in / on 
d) at / in / in / in / of / in / in / in 
e) at / in / on / in / of /on / in / in 
 
32) The program Dr. Black is working __________ his colleagues 
__________ the department __________ psychiatry will build on a 
pioneering study done __________ 1989. 
– Mark the item which contains the prepositions that complete 
the passage above: 
a) with, of, about, in 
b) with, on, from, in 
c) with, in, of, in 
d) without, at, by, on 
e) without, from, after, on 
 
33) FAAP 1996 
An executive presiding over a lunchtime meeting 
__________ a busy San Francisco restaurant was having no luck getting 
the waiter's attention. So, using his cellular phone, he called the 
restaurant and asked __________ have some menus sent over __________ 
his table. It worked. 
Adapted from Reader's Digest – Sep./95 
– Quais preposições completam corretamente o texto anterior? 
a) in, about, to 
b) at, to, in 
c) in, for, On 
d) for, for, to 
e) in, to, to 
 
34) UNESP 1996 
Assinale a alternativa correta para completar o espaço em branco na 
sentença a seguir: 
She is very proud __________ her children. 
a) at 
b) in 
c) on 
d) with 
e) of 
 
35) MACKENZIE 1996 
Complete with the appropriate prepositions: 
I. How kind __________ you to invite us __________ your party! 
II. I'm sorry __________ him but even so I'm not sorry __________ what I 
did. 
III. Is the director confident __________ his abilities? 
a) I. for/for; II. about/for; III. about 
b) I. of/to; II. for/about;III. of 
c) I. in/for; II. for/about; III. of 
d) I. on/to; II. for/in; III. in 
e) I. for/on; II. of/for; III. With 
 
36) MACKENZIE 1996 
Complete with the appropriate prepositions: 
I. My wife was very glad __________ taking a trip abroad. 
II. Are you hopeful __________ receiving a nice gift? 
III. Whatever is good __________ you will be acceptable 
__________ me. 
IV. Criminals belong __________ jail. 
a) I. in; II. about; III. for/for; IV. to 
b) I. on; II. of; III. about/for; IV. to 
c) I. with; II. for; III. for/to; IV. on 
d) I. about; II. of; III. for/to; IV. in 
e) I. of; II. in; III. to/to; IV. At 
 
37) UDESC 1996 
Choose the CORRECT alternative to complete the sentence: 
That girl __________ the corner told everybody she is going 
__________ leave __________ New York 
__________ seven tomorrow night, __________ a huge airplane. 
a) by – for – on – in – at 
b) under – below – by – at – for 
c) through – into – onto – on – on 
d) on – to – for – at – by 
e) on – to – for – in – by 
 
38) MACKENZIE 1996 
Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sentence: 
__________ you know, Jack is a soldier, but he walks __________ a 
general. 
a) How; how 
b) As; like 
c) As; as 
d) Like; as 
e) How; like 
 
39) The sentence in which FOR is used in the same way as in "These 
knives are now used for some general surgery" is: 
a) The laser has been used for years. 
b) The technician is leaving for Tokyo. 
c) This telephone records word for word. 
d) The laser has become popular for its wide applicability. 
e) Doctors use laser for several types of operations. 
 
40) In "The sweet-and-lovely look is OUT; the aggressive punk 
pose is IN", the capital words stand for: 
a) out of work / in vogue 
b) out of sight / in mind 
c) out of order / in memory 
d) out of date / in fashion 
e) out of mind / in sight 
 
41) One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of 
Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth 
century by the people of France. 
– Preencha a lacuna de acordo com o texto: Who was the 
statue presented __________? 
a) from 
b) for 
c) by 
d) at 
e) in 
 
42) Olajuwon should have no trouble promoting his product. 
"All I drink is water", says he. OVER a gallon a day. 
– A palavra OVER, no texto, significa: 
a) sobre. 
b) em cima de. 
c) super. 
d) mais do que. 
e) abaixo de. 
 
43) __________ the end, he gave __________ discussing 
__________ his father and said he would go __________ 
medicine. 
a) In – up – with – in for 
b) At – up – with – in 
c) In – out – about –into 
d) At – in – with – out in 
e) In – at – on – up at 
 
 
INGLÊS MÓDULO 05 
 
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44) Assinale a alternativa correta: 
Fried potatoes are called "French Fries" __________ the United States. 
a) on 
b) about 
c) of 
d) from 
e) in 
 
45) Assinale a alternativa correta: 
Very little is known __________ nuclear energy. 
a) of 
b) over 
c) in 
d) into 
e) about 
 
46) Assinale a alternativa correta: 
Aspirin is the best drug to fight __________ headache. 
a) on 
b) against 
c) with 
d) to 
e) for 
 
47) Assinale a alternativa correta: 
That experiment was performed __________ important scientists. 
a) by 
b) to 
c) from 
d) against 
e) for 
 
48) Assinale a alternativa correta: 
We have stayed in Rome __________ two months. 
a) since 
b) at 
c) in 
d) on 
e) for 
 
49) The word LIKE in "Premier researchers use the Net to test 
projects like real-time, 3D models of colliding galaxies or rampaging 
tornadoes" introduces elements of: 
a) exemplification. 
b) generalization. 
c) reformulation. 
d) comparison. 
e) addition. 
 
 
50) Specialty Minerals do Brasil, an international, researchbased 
company, (I) several openings for Operator Technicians at its plant in 
Jacareí. The successful candidate will be responsible (II) operating a 
computer controlled process, performing quality control lab tests 
unloading of bulk product, loading tanker trucks with finished product, 
and other duties as assigned. Availability (III) travel abroad is required. 
– As lacunas I, II a III devem ser preenchidas respectivamente por: 
a) I. has, II. for, III. for 
b) I. have, II. by, III. of 
c) I. have, II. for, III. of 
d) I. has, II. for, III. to 
e) I. has, II. by, III. to 
 
51) Um adesivo "made in Paraguai" anda circulando nos vidros dos 
carros paulistanos: "Good girls go to heaven, bad girls go to 
everywhere". É de doer, posto que o correto seria: "__________". 
Bárbara Gancia, Folha do São Paulo de 7/06/96. 
– A perspicácia da colunista se faz notar de diversas formas no texto 
anterior. Uma delas é através da correção de uma impropriedade 
normativa. Qual seria a frase final do texto, aqui omitida 
propositalmente? 
a) Good girls go heaven, bad girls everywhere. 
b) Good girls go heaven, bad girls go everywhere. 
c) Good girls go to heaven, bad girls to go to everywhere. 
d) Good girls go to heaven, bad girls go everywhere. 
e) Good girls go heaven, bad girls go to everywhere. 
 
52) 
Probably the only thing that Brazil's two pay TV heavyweights, Globo 
and TVA, agree __________ is that the country's multichannel business 
is on the verge of a boom. 
– Qual a preposição que melhor preenche a lacuna? 
a) for 
b) on 
c) at 
d) by 
e) in 
 
53) The following sentences must be completed with "between" or 
"among": 
I. There were no radicals __________ her close friends. 
II. The students talked quietly __________ themselves before the test 
started. 
III. The father and the mother sat in the sofa, with the baby ________ 
them. 
IV. The Queen of England is not very popular now __________ the British 
people. 
V. There is much difference __________ the American and the Brazilian 
education systems. 
– "Between" must be used in sentences: 
a) III and V only. 
b) I, II and III only. 
c) II, III and IV only. 
d) II, IV and V only. 
e) I, II, III and V only. 
 
54) Fill in the blanks of the text below with the correct prepositions: 
No higher education reforms are likely to be adopted __________ time to 
affect the choice that a student or his family makes about where the 
student should go to college today. For a student, not having to worry 
about cost would be a wonderful option. But _________ almost every 
student to be able to go to school these days, working out matters of 
cost is an essential part __________ choosing the best college. 
a) on, to and in 
b) on, for and at 
c) in, for and of 
d) in, before and in 
e) about, to and of 
 
55) Fill in the blank below with the best alternative: 
Political corruption and civil unrest are __________ Mexico's modern 
problems. 
a) because 
b) between 
c) throughout 
d) among 
e) although 
 
56) Complete: 
Pablo said that __________ Spain, everybody sleeps __________ 1 and 4 
PM. 
a) with – among 
b) in – between 
 
INGLÊS MÓDULO 05 
 
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c) between – among 
d) among – at 
e) in – at 
 
GABARITO: 
 
 1) A 
2) C 
3) D 
4) D 
5) C 
6) B 
7) B 
8) C 
9) A 
10) B 
11) B 
12) A 
13) C 
14) B 
15) D 
16) D 
17) C 
18) A 
19) B 
20) B 
21) C 
22) D 
23) A 
24) E 
25) C 
26) B 
27) D 
28) D 
29) A 
30) D 
31) E 
32) C 
33) E 
34) E 
35) B 
36) D 
37) D 
38) B 
39) E 
40) D 
41) C 
42) D 
43) A 
44) E 
45) E 
46) B 
47) A 
48) E 
49) D 
50) D 
51) D 
52) B 
53) A 
54) B 
55) D 
56) B