Prévia do material em texto

Lingua Inglesa: 
Intermediário
Progressive Tenses – Present Continuous; Past Continuous; 
Present Perfect Continuous; Past Perfect Continuous 
Material Teórico
Responsável pelo Conteúdo:
Prof.ª Me. Silvana Nogueira da Rocha
Revisão Técnica:
Prof.ª Me. Fátima da Penha Furlan
Revisão Textual:
Prof. Esp. Bruno Reis
5
In order to have a good performance and make satisfactory use of the information about 
the grammar topics, it is important to read all the theoretical contents presented in the unit, 
pay a lot of attention to the examples given, do all the exercises that are suggested in the 
systematization and reflection activities, and also read the extra material, which help you 
improve your knowledge. There are several exercises with key answers! Therefore, you can 
do a self-assessment!
It is also fundamental to watch the Narrated Presentation (Apresentação Narrada) and the 
Videoclass (Videoaula), which summarize important concepts about the topics of the unit.
And remember that learning a new language is a hard task, but it is not impossible once you 
do the activities suggested and spend some hours studying. As it is always said, there are 
no magic formulas or magic potions that perform miracles, other than your own effort and 
persistence.
To accomplish this, organize a standardized routine and avoid accumulating contents and 
activities to be done at the last minute. In case of doubts, do not hesitate to use the tools 
Message (Mensagens) or Chat (Fórum de dúvidas) to get in touch with your tutor. 
You will gradually see that your knowledge about the language will get richer and richer, the 
difficulties will decrease, and you will notice that you can’t live in a globalized world without 
dominating the English language. So, get down to work!
 · To enlarge our knowledge related to Verb Tenses in English in order to 
express ourselves better when dealing with progressive (or continuous) 
actions in the Present and Past.
Progressive Tenses – Present Continuous; 
Past Continuous; Present Perfect 
Continuous; Past Perfect Continuous
 · Focus – What are you doing?
 · Grammar – Present Continuous
 · Focus – What were you doing?
 · Grammar – Past Continuous
 · Focus – What have you been doing?
 · Grammar – Present Perfect Continuous
 · Focus – What had you been doing?
 · Grammar – Past Perfect Continuous
 · Text Comprehension
6
Unit: Progressive Tenses – Present Continuous; Past Continuous; Present Perfect Continuous; Past Perfect Continuous
In Context
Sometimes it’s necessary to talk about things that are happening at the moment of speaking 
or were happening at a specific moment in the past. Sometimes they are involved with periods 
of time. So, the situations may vary, and because of this, there are specific tenses in English to 
be used in order to express ourselves better. 
 So if I ask you what you are doing right now, you can answer: “I’m reading my new English 
lesson”; “I am studying”; “I am eating a delicious snack”; “I am doing some research on the 
Internet” etc. So actions may vary, right?
What about things you were doing yesterday, last week, last month at this time? You may 
answer: “I was taking a shower”; “I was preparing dinner”; I was studying hard for my 
tests”; “I was going to work”. Again, the possibilities of actions in a progressive form are many!
If the question is about things you have been doing for a period of time, you’ll have to 
answer: “I’ve been studying language for five years”; “I’ve been working in my company 
since 2008”; “I’ve been traveling a lot since I graduated” etc.
What about actions that were ongoing before another one had started? “The plane had been 
flying for two hours when the pilot announced something to the passengers”; “The kids had 
been playing here for about half an hour when their mother called them to take a shower” etc. 
Even if you have never worked on these structures, you have probably read them or heard 
them, right? 
Now it’s time to study them deeply to improve your English level!
So, shall we study hard these new structures?
7
Focus – What are you doing?
Let’s talk about chores!
Imagine you are at home doing some housework and someone calls you and asks you: 
What are you doing? 
You are supposed to answer by using a specific verb tense that refers to that moment of speaking. 
So you can say: I’m cooking; I’m doing the ironing (I’m ironing the clothes); I’m doing 
the dishes (I’m washing the dishes); I’m hanging clothes on the clothesline; I’m 
sweeping the floor; I’m trimming the plants; I’m vacuuming the rug (I’m vacuuming 
the carpet); I’m washing the clothes; I’m washing the floor; I’m watering the plants 
(flowers); I’m waxing the floor; I’m waxing the furniture, etc. So, there are so many 
activities you can do at home and other places! 
Look at the following pictures. All the activities mentioned before are illustrated in order to 
make your understanding easier.
cooking
doing the ironing /
ironing the clothes
washing the dishes /
doing the dishes
hanging the clothes on 
the clothesline sweeping the floor
trimming the plants
vacuuming the rug /
vacuuming the carpet
washing the clothes
washing the floor
T
hinkstock/G
etty Im
ages
8
Unit: Progressive Tenses – Present Continuous; Past Continuous; Present Perfect Continuous; Past Perfect Continuous
watering the plants / 
watering the flowers waxing the floor waxing the furniture
According to the pictures, we can tell what those people are doing by using the Present Continuous.
Grammar – Present Continuous
We use the Present Continuous tense basically to talk about something which is happening at 
or around the time of speaking. 
We can also use this verb tense for some specific situations. One of them is to refer to a 
temporary situation, as shown next:
Temporary situations:
I’m living with some friends until I can find a good flat.
(Estou morando com alguns amigos até que eu possa encontrar um bom apartamento.)
That machine isn’t working. It broke down this morning.
(Aquela máquina não está funcionando. Ela quebrou hoje de manhã.)
They are staying in my house for a while.
(Eles estão ficando na minha casa por enquanto.) 
It’s also possible to use the Present Continuous tense to talk about what you have already 
arranged to do. In this case, it refers to future events, as the following examples:
Future events:
What are you doing tomorrow evening? I’m going to the theater.
(O que você vai fazer amanhã à noite? Vou ao teatro.)
Are you playing soccer tomorrow? 
(Você vai jogar futebol amanhã?)
Are you meeting her at the subway station?
(Você vai se encontrar com ela na estação de metrô?) 
T
hinkstock/G
etty Im
ages
9
So, as you can notice, the Present Continuous tense is formed by verb to be in the present 
(am, are, is) plus the main verb in the -ing form. Let’s check some examples with all pronouns 
in the affirmative and negative forms: 
Affirmative & Negative forms:
I am doing my English lesson.
(Estou fazendo minha lição de inglês.)
I am not doing my English lesson.
(Não estou fazendo minha lição de inglês.)
You are eating too fast.
(Você está comendo rápido demais.)
You aren’t eating too fast.
(Você não está comendo rápido demais.) 
He is playing chess with his friends outside.
(Ele está jogando xadrez com seus amigos lá fora.)
He isn’t playing chess with his friends outside.
(Ele não está jogando xadrez com seus amigos lá fora.)
She is fixing her hair.
(Ela está arrumando seu cabelo.)
She isn’t fixing her hair.
(Ela não está arrumando seu cabelo.)
It is raining. 
(Está chovendo.)
It isn’t raining.
(Não está chovendo.)
We are planning a new trip abroad.
(Estamos planejando uma nova viagem ao exterior.)
We aren’t planning a new trip abroad.
(Não estamosplanejando uma nova viagem ao exterior.)
 
You are studying the lesson with my books.
(Vocês estão estudando a lição com os meus livros.)
You aren’t studying the lesson with my books.
(Vocês não estão estudando a lição com os meus livros.)
They are speaking German.
(Eles estão falando alemão.)
They aren’t speaking German.
(Eles não estão falando alemão.)
10
Unit: Progressive Tenses – Present Continuous; Past Continuous; Present Perfect Continuous; Past Perfect Continuous
However, some verbs are used only in Simple Tenses. Here is a list of verbs which are not 
normally used in Continuous Tenses (but there are exceptions):
want (querer) – like (gostar) – belong (pertencer) – know (saber, conhecer) – suppose (supor) 
– remember (lembrar) – need (precisar) – love (amar) – see (ver) – realize (perceber) – mean 
(querer dizer, significar) – forget (esquecer) – prefer (preferir) – hate (odiar) – hear (ouvir) – 
believe (acreditar) – understand (compreender, entender) – seem (parecer)
Interrogative affirmative & Interrogative negative forms:
Am I talking to you?
(Estou conversando com você?)
Aren’t I talking to you?
(Não estou conversando com você?)
Quick explanation
“Aren’t I?” is commonly used and very acceptable in informal 
language. “Am I not?” is grammatical, but extremely formal, so 
in most contexts, “aren’t I?” is the preferred choice. The only 
exception is when you are writing a formal letter or an acade-
mic paper, and then you can either use “am I not?,” or even 
better, restructure the sentence to avoid using either of these 
forms. https://goo.gl/MBdSi7
Are you cooking the Italian pasta?
(Você está cozinhando a massa italiana?)
Aren’t you cooking the Italian pasta?
(Você não está cozinhando a massa italiana?)
Is he going to school by bike?
(Ele está indo para a escola de bicicleta?)
Isn’t he going to school by bike?
(Ele não está indo para a escola de bicicleta?)
Is she preparing dinner for us?
(Ela está preparando o jantar para nós?)
Isn’t she preparing dinner for us? 
(Ela não está preparando o jantar para nós?)
Is it raining today in New York?
(Está chovendo hoje em Nova Iorque?)
Isn’t it raining today in New York?
(Não está chovendo hoje em Nova Iorque?)
Are we waiting for him?
(Nós estamos esperando por ele?)
Aren’t we waiting for him?
(Não estamos esperando por ele?)
11
Are you studying your new lessons?
(Vocês estão estudando suas novas lições?) 
Aren’t you studying your new lessons?
(Vocês não estão estudando suas novas lições?)
Are they coming back from Paris today?
(Eles estão voltando de Paris hoje?)
Aren’t they coming back from Paris today?
(Eles não estão voltando de Paris hoje?)
 
 Important!
The spelling of the verbs may vary. There are some rules when spelling them in the -ing form. 
See them now!
Verbs that end in -e – You have to take out the -e and add -ing:
.arrive = arriving
.bake = baking
.come = coming
.drive = driving
.have = having
.make = making
.prove = proving
.take = taking 
.wave = waving etc.
Verbs that end in -ie – You have to take out the -ie and add -ying:
.die = dying 
.lie = lying
.tie = tying
Verbs that are monosyllables and are formed by the sequence consonant + vowel + consonant 
(C + V + C) – You have to double the last consonant:
.begin = beginning
.plan = planning
.run = running
.stop = stopping
.swim = swimming
.trim = trimming
.win = winning
But if the verb ends in -h, -x, -w or -y, these consonants are not doubled:
.say = saying
.show = showing
.wax = waxing
Verbs with more than one syllable only have the consonant doubled if it is in the stressed syllable:
. begin = beginning (the second syllable is stressed)
. listen = listening (the first syllable is stressed)
 
 
Explore!
To practice more, do all the exercises in the section “Extra Material” of this unit. 
12
Unit: Progressive Tenses – Present Continuous; Past Continuous; Present Perfect Continuous; Past Perfect Continuous
Focus – What were you doing?
T
hinkstock/G
etty Im
ages
At the restaurant
These people were making a film. It was called Funny Stories. This was a scene from 
the film. It was the fourth time they had filmed it. The director was going to shout ‘cut’ in 
a second. Everybody was having dinner at a restaurant. A young couple was deciding 
what to order. She was looking at the menu and he was talking to her. A fair waitress 
was serving some sandwiches and a soft drink to a young boy who was looking at his 
watch. A waiter was cleaning a table and another waitress was setting another table. An 
old man was paying his bill at the cashier’s. A young girl was having a salad and reading 
a newspaper. Another couple was having dinner. The man was drinking a beer and the 
lady was having a soup. Suddenly, she started to laugh. The director shouted ‘cut’ at exactly 
this point. He couldn’t understand what had happened. He asked the lady why she was 
laughing and she answered there was a fly in the soup. They all stopped and had a rest.
Disponível em: http://www.klickeducacao.com.br/conteudo/pagina/0,6313,POR-798-3725-,00.html. 
Acesso em: 18 out. 2014.
The text basically describes a scene in a restaurant, reporting everything that people were 
doing while they were being filmed. In the text, the tenses that are highlighted are the Past 
Continuous tense.
Although the text isn’t complex, you can look up the unknown words in a good dictionary if 
you think it’s necessary.
Grammar – Past Continuous
This verb tense is used to refer to a situation that was in progress at a specific moment in the 
past. Its construction is very simple: verb to be in the past (was or were) plus the main verb in the 
-ing form. Look at the following examples:
13
Affirmative & Negative forms:
I was working in the office at 5 p.m. yesterday.
(Eu estava trabalhando no escritório às 5 da tarde ontem.)
I wasn’t working in the office at 5 p.m. yesterday. 
(Eu não estava trabalhando no escritório às 5 da tarde ontem.)
 
You were taking a shower when she called you.
(Você estava tomando banho quando ela te ligou.)
You weren’t taking a shower when she called you.
(Você não estava tomando banho quando ela te ligou.)
 
He was driving to school 10 minutes ago.
(Ele estava dirigindo para a escola 10 minutos atrás.)
He wasn’t driving to school 10 minutes ago.
(Ele não estava dirigindo para a escola 10 minutos atrás.)
She was planning a new strategy for the course last night. 
(Ela estava planejando uma nova estratégia para o curso ontem à noite.)
She wasn’t planning a new strategy for the course last night.
(Ela não estava planejando uma nova estratégia para o curso ontem à noite.)
It was raining a lot in the countryside last night.
(Estava chovendo muito no interior ontem à noite.)
It wasn’t raining a lot in the countryside last night.
(Não estava chovendo muito no interior ontem à noite.)
We were celebrating our first wedding anniversary.
(Nós estávamos comemorando nosso primeiro aniversário de casamento.)
We weren’t celebrating our first wedding anniversary.
(Nós não estávamos comemorando nosso primeiro aniversário de casamento.) 
You were talking about physical activities.
(Vocês estavam conversando sobre atividades físicas.)
You weren’t talking about physical activities.
(Vocês não estavam conversando sobre atividades físicas.)
 
They were dancing the salsa in the club.
(Eles estavam dançando salsa no clube.)
They weren’t dancing the salsa in the club.
(Eles não estavam dançando salsa no clube.)
So, it is easy to work on the Past Continuous, isn’t it? You just have to conjugate the verb 
to be in the past (was or were) and add -ing to the main verb. Thus, we have a progressive 
action that was happening in the past.
Now, let’s check the interrogativeform.
14
Unit: Progressive Tenses – Present Continuous; Past Continuous; Present Perfect Continuous; Past Perfect Continuous
Interrogative affirmative & Interrogative negative forms: 
Was I watching TV when the doorbell rang?
(Eu estava assistindo TV quando a campainha tocou?) 
Wasn’t I watching TV when the doorbell rang?
(Eu não estava assistindo TV quando a campainha tocou?)
Were you swimming in the club yesterday afternoon?
(Você estava nadando no clube ontem à tarde?)
Weren’t you swimming in the club yesterday afternoon?
(Você não estava nadando no clube ontem à tarde?)
Was he riding a horse with his friends on the farm yesterday? 
(Ele estava andando a cavalo com seus amigos na fazenda ontem?)
Wasn’t he riding a horse with his friends on the farm yesterday?
(Ele não estava andando a cavalo com seus amigos na fazenda ontem?)
Was she copying Marianne’s exercises? 
(Ela estava copiando os exercícios de Marianne?) 
Wasn’t she copying Marianne’s exercises?
(Ela não estava copiando os exercícios de Marianne?)
Was it snowing in New York City last weekend?
(Estava nevando em Nova Iorque no final de semana passado?)
Wasn’t it snowing in New York City last weekend?
(Não estava nevando em Nova Iorque no final de semana passado?)
Were we speaking loudly at the meeting?
(Nós estávamos falando alto na reunião?)
Weren’t we speaking loudly at the meeting?
(Não estávamos falando alto na reunião?)
Were you dancing together at the party last night?
(Vocês estavam dançando juntos na festa ontem à noite?)
Weren’t you dancing together at the party last night?
(Vocês não estavam dançando juntos na festa ontem à noite?)
Were they planning a new trip abroad?
(Eles estavam planejando uma nova viagem para o exterior?)
Weren’t they planning a new trip abroad last night? 
(Eles não estavam planejando uma nova viagem para o exterior?)
 
 Explore!
To practice more, do all the exercises in the “Extra Material” section of this unit.
 
15
Focus – What have you been doing?
T
hinkstock/G
etty Im
ages
Welcoming a visitor
Paul: Hi, Jessica.
Jessica: Hi, Paul. How are you?
Paul: I’m fine and you?
Jessica: Great, thanks. I would like to introduce Sarah to you.
Paul: Hi, Sarah. How do you do?
Sarah: I am fine, thanks a lot.
Jessica: Sarah is from Canada. She is my friend. She is in Brazil on vacation.
Paul: Oh! Very interesting, Sarah. What do you do in Canada?
Sarah: I’ve been studying Communication since 2009.
Paul: Oh, really? And are you enjoying Brazil?
Sarah: Yes, I am. Your country is beautiful. People are very kind.
Paul: How long will you stay here?
Sarah:
I will stay in Brazil until the end of this month. Then, I will go back to my 
country. I have a family there.
Paul: Why didn’t your parents come here too?
Sarah:
Because they have a job there and they aren’t on vacation. My mother is a 
teacher at a University and my father is an engineer. They work a lot in Canada.
Paul: Great! And how did you meet Jessica?
Sarah: We are penpals. We have been changing information since 1998.
Paul: Ok, Sarah. If you need some help, you can count on me, ok?
Sarah:
Thanks a lot, Paul. Now, I have to go. I need to buy some goods and Jessica is 
going to help me choose the best shops. Bye. It was a pleasure meeting you.
Paul: Nice to meet you too, Sarah. Bye.
16
Unit: Progressive Tenses – Present Continuous; Past Continuous; Present Perfect Continuous; Past Perfect Continuous
Curtin, J.; Viney, P. Survival English
Every time we talk about an activity that started at a specific point in the past and continues 
up to the moment we are speaking, we should use the Present Perfect Continuous, as mentioned 
(in bold type) in the dialog. 
There is not a specific textual genre in which this structure of English grammar may occur more 
often. It depends on what you intend to say. The examples in the dialog: “I’ve been studying 
Communication since 2009” and “We have been changing information since 1998” show 
that something started in the past and continues up to the moment of speaking. 
So, there is a period of time involved in the situation (since 2009, since 1998). Therefore, they 
are not situations that were happening at that moment of speaking only.
Grammar – Present Perfect Continuous
The Present Perfect Continuous is used to refer to situations where the action is ongoing at 
the current time, when there is also reference to the length of time it has been ongoing. 
It is formed by the auxiliary verb have for the pronouns: I, You, We, They; or has for the 
pronouns: He, She, It; plus the verb to be in the past participle (been) plus the main verb in its 
-ing form. Its negative form is formed just by adding not to the auxiliary verb (haven’t or hasn’t). 
Its interrogative form is made by inverting the position of the subject and the verb in the sentence.
Now we are not going to show examples in sentences with all pronouns, okay? 
Affirmative & Negative forms:
Researchers have been investigating clean energy sources to replace fossil fuels.
(Pesquisadores têm pesquisado / vêm pesquisando fontes de energia limpas para substituir 
os combustíveis fósseis.) 
Researchers haven ‘t been investigating clean energy sources to replace fossil fuels.
(Pesquisadores não têm pesquisado / não vêm pesquisando fontes de energia limpas para 
substituir os combustíveis fósseis.)
She has been working on her new project for the past 12 months.
(Ela tem trabalhado / vem trabalhando no seu novo projeto nos últimos 12 meses.)
She hasn’t been working on her new project for the past 12 months.
(Ela não tem trabalhado / não vem trabalhando no seu novo projeto nos últimos 12 meses.)
17
Interrogative affirmative & Interrogative negative forms:
Have researchers been investigating clean energy sources to replace fossil fuels?
(Os pesquisadores têm pesquisado / vêm pesquisando fontes de energia limpas para subs-
tituir os combustíveis fósseis?) 
Haven’t researchers been investigating clean energy sources to replace fossil fuels?
(Os pesquisadores não têm pesquisado / não vêm pesquisando fontes de energia limpas 
para substituir os combustíveis fósseis?)
Has she been working on her new project for the past 12 months?
(Ela tem trabalhado / vem trabalhando no seu novo projeto nos últimos 12 meses?)
Hasn’t she been working on her new project for the past 12 months?
(Ela não tem trabalhado / não vem trabalhando no seu novo projeto nos últimos 12 meses?)
 
 Explore!
To practice more, do all the exercises in the “Extra Material” section of this unit.
 
Focus – What had you been doing?
T
hinkstock/G
etty Im
ages
Flying all night long
After a three-engine airplane had been flying for more than two hours, the pilot annou-
nced some problem in one of the engines. So he announced to the passengers: “Ladies and 
gentlemen, one of the engines has stopped working, but there is no reason to panic. We still 
have two good engines running. The only inconvenience is that we will spend one more hour 
in the air. Please, fasten your seat belts. Thank you.”
Everyone in the airplane seemed to be apprehensive. As if this was not enough, about half 
an hour later the second engine failed too. The pilot told everyone to be patient and said that 
now they would arrive two hours later at their destination. After hearing the second announ-
cement, an old lady who was sitting in the first row of seats said to her husband: “Oh, dear! I 
hope that the third engine doesn’t stop working, or we’ll be flying all night long!”
18
Unit: Progressive Tenses – Present Continuous; Past Continuous; Present Perfect Continuous; Past Perfect Continuous
As we can see in the text, the airplane “had been flying for two hours” when the pilot 
announced some problems in one of the engines. So,the intention is to say that the airplane 
had been in the air for a period of time before something happened. That means “had been 
flying” was an ongoing action in the past previous to “the pilot announced”, which is also an 
action in the past. There is not a specific textual genre in which this structure of English grammar 
may occur more often. It depends on what you intend to say. And there isn’t a verb tense in 
Portuguese that means the same thing.
Grammar – Past Perfect Continuous
The Past Perfect Continuous is used to refer to situations where the earlier event was an 
ongoing action which had been ongoing for a period of time before the Simple Past event. 
Now we are not going to show examples in sentences with all pronouns, okay?
Affirmative & Negative forms:
The student had been working on the project for six weeks, but his report was not ready 
by the due date.
(O estudante estava trabalhando no projeto por seis semanas, mas seu relatório não ficou 
pronto na data devida.)
The student hadn’t been working on the project for six weeks, but his report was ready 
by the due date. 
(O estudante não estava trabalhando no projeto por seis semanas, mas seu relatório ficou 
pronto na data devida.)
The airplane had been flying for two hours when the second engine failed.
(O avião estava voando por duas horas quando o segundo motor falhou.)
The airplane hadn’t been flying for two hours when the second engine failed.
(O avião não estava voando por duas horas quando o segundo motor falhou.)
 
 Explore!
To practice more, do all the exercises in the “Extra Material” section of this unit
 
Now we’re going to read a text where many of these verb tenses are present. Read it attentively, 
then ask the questions related to the passage. It’s a way of improving the grammar topics, learn 
new words and assess your level of understanding. Ready?
19
Text – My activities 
Now I am sitting in front of my computer writing an English book, sending e-mails, 
answering messages, talking to friends and students through Skype and organizing my fol-
ders with documents. As you can see, I am doing a lot of things at the same time! In a while 
I am going to the kitchen to get something to eat and drink because I am hungry and very 
thirsty. The weather is pretty hot and I am sweating a lot! 
Yesterday at this time, I was having dinner with my sister and a friend of mine who came 
here to visit me. It was a big surprise because I had just come from work when the intercom 
rang to announce him.
It was a funny time. While my sister was cooking dinner in the kitchen, I was finishing 
some work on the computer and he was by my side talking and telling me the news. We 
were having lots of laughing, talking about many things and planning the end of the year.
When I finished my work on the computer we went to the TV room and started to listen 
to music. While we were talking and listening to music I was also cleaning the room because 
the day had been very busy and that was the time I arranged to do that, even if I was being 
visited by a special friend! 
After about an hour, dinner was ready. So we went to the dining room, set the table and 
started to eat. While we were having dinner, my friend told us about his family and future 
plans. He told us that he had been looking for a new job for the last two weeks, but he wa-
sn’t jobless! He had still been working hard at a school as a teacher, but would like to get a 
second job to make more money. 
After having dinner, he went away because it was already late, and my sister and I stayed 
in the kitchen doing the dishes.
20
Unit: Progressive Tenses – Present Continuous; Past Continuous; Present Perfect Continuous; Past Perfect Continuous
Extra Material
Text Comprehension
Question 1: Find all the progressive actions in the text:
Question 2: In the text, is there an action in the Present Continuous that 
refers to an arranged event?
Answer Key – Question 1:
1. I am sitting in front of my computer writing an English book, sending e-mails, answering messages, 
talking to friends and students through Skype and organizing my folders with documents; 2. I am doing a lot of 
things at the same time!; 3. I am sweating a lot!; 4. I was having dinner with my sister and a friend of mine; 5. 
While my sister was cooking dinner in the kitchen, I was finishing some work on the computer and he was by my 
side talking and telling me the news. We were having lots of laughing, talking about many things and planning 
the end of the year; 6. While we were talking and listening to music I was also cleaning the room; 7. While we 
were having dinner, my friend told us about his family and future plans; 8. He told us that he had been looking 
for a new job for the last two weeks; 9. He had still been working hard at a school as a teacher, but would like to 
get a second job to make more money; 10. …my sister and I stayed in the kitchen doing the dishes. 
Answer Key – Question 2: 
Yes, there is an action that refers to a future event.
1. In a while I am going to the kitchen to get something to eat and drink because I am hungry and very thirsty.
21
Vocabulary
• computer computador
• book livro
• messages mensagens
• student aluno
• through por meio de
• folder pasta
• document(s) documento(s)
• kitchen cozinha
• hungry com fome
• thirsty com sede
• weather tempo (clima)
• sweating suando 
• surprise surpresa
• intercom interfone
• laughing risada
• dinner jantar
• dining room sala de jantar
• family familia
• job emprego
• jobless desempregado(a)
• school escola
• teacher professor(a)
• dishes pratos, louças
Phonetics – “gh” sound
Among the words shown in the “Vocabulary”, let’s practice the ones that have the “gh” sound:
• through /θru:/ 
• laughing /’lα:fIn/
In English, the sound of “gh” has three possibilities of pronunciation. In the text we can find 
only two of them. So, the words mentioned have different sounds for these same consonants.
In the word through there is no sound for the “gh” and in the word laughing, the sound of 
these two letters is “f”.
 The other sound of “gh” (not found in the text) is the sound you can find in words like 
ghost, ghastly etc. In this case the “gh” sound is /g Ωest/.
 
 Important
Check the new words in the following link:
http://www.wordreference.com. You will be able to listen to all of them in order to practice and 
improve your English!
22
Unit: Progressive Tenses – Present Continuous; Past Continuous; Present Perfect Continuous; Past Perfect Continuous
References
COE, N.; PATERSON, K.; HARRISON, M. Oxford practice grammar-basic. Oxford: Oxford 
University Press, 2008.
MCCARTHY, M.; CARTER, R. Cambridge grammar of English: a comprehensive guide. 
Cambridge do Brasil, 2006.
SOUZA, A. G. F. Leitura em língua inglesa: uma abordagem instrumental. 2. ed. São Paulo: 
Disal, 2010.
Bibliografia complementar
AZAR, B. S.; HAGEN, S. A. Understanding and using English grammar. 4. ed. Pearson/
Longman, 2009.
CRYSTAL, D. Spell it out: the singular story of English spelling. Profile Editor. (E-book).
LAPKOSKI, G. A. O. Do texto ao sentido: teoria e prática de leitura em língua inglesa. 
Curitiba: IBPEX, 2011. (E-book).
LIMA, T. C. S.; KOPPE, C. T. Inglês: a prática profissional do idioma. Curitiba: IBPEX, 2008. 
(E-book).
MARQUES, F. S. Ensinar e aprender inglês: o processo comunicativo em sala de aula. 
Curitiba: IBPEX, 2006. (E-book).
23
Annotations
www.cruzeirodosulvirtual.com.br
Campus Liberdade
Rua Galvão Bueno, 868
CEP 01506-000
São Paulo - SP - Brasil
Tel: (55 11) 3385-3000