09 ALGPROG - U2 - SAIBA MAIS

Prévia do material em texto

De São Paulo a Rio de
Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
A partir de R$125 De Rio de Janeiro a SãoPaulo
São Paulo
A partir de R$125
De São Paulo a Maceió
Maceió
A partir de R$479 De São Paulo a Recife
Recife
A partir de R$345
OFICINA DA NET » HARDWARE
Qual a diferença entre NTFS, FAT, FAT 32 e exFAT
Neste artigo trazemos informações sobre os diversos tipos de formatação de arquivos que os sistemas operacionais usam e suportam.
Vamos explicar o que é cada um e no final faremos um comparativo entre eles. NTFS, FAT, FAT32 e exFAT.
 
Por RAFAELA POZZEBOM 
em 09/05/2011 - atualização: 22/08/2016 11:50
Entenda o que é o FAT32 (File Allocation Table ou Tabela de Alocação de Arquivos), o NTFS (New Technology File
System) é o sistema de arquivos padrão para o Windows NT e seus derivados, e ExFat é o que chamamos de uma FAT
de 64 bits.
Ela é muito mais veloz que a FAT32 que já conhecemos. É ideal para pen-drives que serão usados com grandes
arquivos, ou mesmo HD's em que a velocidade de acesso é essencial e não se precisa dos recursos de segurança e
journaling do NTFS.
Rio de Janeiro
De São Paulo a Rio de Janeiro
A partir de R$125
Recife
De São Paulo a Recife
A partir de R$345
Natal
De São Paulo a Natal
A partir de R$313
 
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jou a g do S.
O que é NTFSVocê precisa ver: O que acontece quando se exclui um arquivo?
O New Technology File System, conhecido como NTFS, trata-se de um sistema de arquivos que surgiu juntamente com o
lançamento do Windows NT. A grande desenvoltura e excelente desempenho foi o fator determinante para que ele fosse
adotado nos sistemas operacionais que surgiram depois do da Microsoft, como Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7 e
Windows Server 2008.
O NTFS possui várias características, em caso de falhas, por exemplo, quando o computador tem um desligamento
repentino, ele tem a capacidade de reverter os dados para a condição anterior ao problema. O NTFS também possui a
característica de suportar uma replicação de dados, como acontece nos sistemas RAID, por exemplo. O esquema de
permissões de acesso é outra característica do NTFS. O NTFS dá a possibilidade do usuário de�nir quem pode e, como
acessar pastas ou arquivos. Ele também possui muita e�ciência no trabalho com grandes arquivos e também
unidades de discos bastante cheias.
O que é FAT
FAT é a sigla para File Allocation Table, em português, Tabela de Alocação de Arquivos. A primeira versão do FAT surgiu
no ano de 1977. Nesta época era usado no sistema operacional MS-DOS e permaneceu padrão até o Windows 95. O
FAT é um sistema de arquivos que tem seu funcionamento baseado em uma tabela representativa que possui a
capacidade de indicar onde estão os dados de cada arquivo. A tabela usada possui função de guiar onde está
localizado cada bloco e também onde estão divididos os arquivos gravados. O FAT, com o passar do tempo e surgindo
assim, a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento, ganhou sucessores. Surgiu assim, o FAT12 e FAT16. O FAT12, praticamente
não foi muito usado, o FAT16, por sua vez, foi padrão dos sistemas operacionais da Microsoft por bastante tempo.
A partir da grande necessidade de aperfeiçoamento do sistema, o FAT ganhou mais versões. No ano de 1996 a
Microsoft lançou o FAT32, que se tornou o sistema de arquivos do Windows 95 (versão OSR 2) e do Windows 98. Ele
também é compatível com versões lançadas a não muito tempo, como Windows 2000 e Windows XP, mesmo que
estes possuam um sistema de arquivos mais avançado, o NTFS. O FAT trabalha com grupos de setores, não
separadamente, assim, cada um recebe o nome de cluster ou unidade de alocação. No FAT16, cada cluster pode ter o
seguintes tamanhos: 2 KB, 4 KB, 8 KB, 16 KB e, por �m, 32 KB. A de�nição desse tamanho é igual pois não pode ter
tamanhos diferentes de clusters em uma mesma unidade de armazenamento.
Quando um arquivo é gravado, cada um deles utiliza tantos clusters forem necessários para cobrir o seu tamanho. Se,
por exemplo, tivermos um arquivo com 50 KB, é possível guardá-lo em dois clusters de 32 KB cada. No geral, o
tamanho dos clusters já é de�nido na instalação do sistema operacional, na etapa de formatação da unidade de
armazenamento. O FAT possui melhor funcionamento em pequenos volumes de disco, comparando ao NTFS, pois ele 
https://www.oficinadanet.com.br/post/11478-o-que-acontece-quando-se-exclui-um-arquivo
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diminui consideravelmente o overhead de controle, deste modo podemos dizer que, ele é menos pesado e deixa mais
bytes livres para os dados em questão.
FAT32
O sistema de arquivos FAT32 utiliza 32 bits no endereçamento de dados. No FAT16, quanto maior o espaço em disco,
maior é o tamanho do cluster. Com o FAT32, é possível usar clusters menores, no geral de 4 KB, mesmo que a unidade
ofereça maior capacidade de armazenamento. Assim, o desperdício acaba sendo menor. O sucesso da grande
compatibilidade do FAT32 com programas, drivers de dispositivo e as redes existentes, foi reestruturado com o
mínimo de alterações na arquitetura do Windows, nas estruturas de dados internos, em APIs e também no formato no
disco. Como o FAT32 precisa de 4 bytes para poder armazenar valores do cluster, várias estruturas de dados internos
e no disco e APIs publicados foram refeitas ou mesmo expandidas. Ferramentas e drivers existentes continuarão
funcionando em unidades FAT32.
No entanto, o MS-DOS bloqueia drivers de dispositivo, e as ferramentas do disco precisarão ser revisadas para poder
suportar as unidades FAT32. As ferramentas de disco agrupadas da Microsoft, como o Format, Fdisk, Defrag e
ScanDisk com base no MS-DOS e no Windows, foram revisadas a�m de proporcionar um bom funcionamento com o
FAT32. Com o FAT32, o desperdício em disco teve bastante redução. Para ter uma ideia exata, O FAT16, seu
antecessor, usava clusters de até 64 KB, agora, o FAT32 pode utilizar clusters de 4 KB. A grande parte dos drives
removíveis como PenDrives, Discos USB e Disquetes, utilizam o FAT12, 16 ou 32 como sistema de arquivos. 
Seguramente podemos dizer que o FAT32 é mais con�ável. Ele tem a capacidade de posicionar o diretório principal
em qualquer lugar do disco. Comparando com os sistemas antigos de FAT, havia uma grande limitação no número de
entradas que podiam ser alocadas no diretório principal. Com o FAT32 não há essa preocupação. O FAT32 tem a
capacidade de suportar partições de até 2 TB.
O que é exFAT
Você precisa ver: Como funciona um disco rígido (HD)?
ExFat é o que chamamos de uma FAT de 64 bits. Ela é muito mais veloz que a FAT32 que já conhecemos. É ideal para pen-
drives que serão usados com grandes arquivos, ou mesmo HD's em que a velocidade de acesso é essencial e não se precisa
dos recursos de segurança e journaling do NTFS. Para tanto, quem possui Pen-drives com 4Gb ou mais de suporte, e quer
gravar no dispositivo arquivos com mais de 2 Gb encontra problemas. Sabemos que o formato padrão para pen-drives é o
FAT32. No entanto, também sabemos que o FAT32 suporta tamanho máximo de arquivos de 2 Gb. Assim, se você pretende
gravar um arquivo grande no pen-drive seria necessário desmembrá-lo em arquivos menores ou mesmo usar o sistema de
arquivos NTFS, porém, não é recomendado, pois reduz a vida útil do pen-drive em até 75%.
Percebendo estes problemas, a Microsoft criou uma extensão ao atual FAT32, que é o FAT64, também chamado
exFAT. O exFAT pode ser instalado sem custos em qualquer computador XP, Vista, Windows 7, 2003, etc.
Para entender melhor cada um deles, veja o comparativo: 
https://www.oficinadanet.com.br/hardware/24810-quais-os-tipos-de-cabos-usb-e-qual-deles-usar
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https://www.oficinadanet.com.br/post/8632-como-funciona-um-disco-rigido-hd
Critério NTFS5 NTFS exFAT FAT32 FAT16 FAT12
Sistema operacional Windows 2000 
XP 
2003 Server 
2008 
Vista 
7
Windows NT 
2000 
XP 
2003 Server 
2008 
Vista 
7
Windows CE 6.0 
Vista SP1 
7
WinXP+KB955704
DOS v7
and higher 
Windows
98
ME 
2000 
XP 
2003
Server 
Vista 
7
DOS 
All versions
of 
Microsoft
Windows
DOS 
All versions
of 
Microsoft
Windows
 
Limitações
Tamanho máximo de volume 264 clusters minus
1 cluster
232 clusters minus
1 cluster
128PB 32GB for
all OS. 
2TB for
some OS
2GB for all
OS. 
4GB for
some OS
16MB
Máximo de arquivos em
volume
4,294,967,295 (232-
1)
4,294,967,295 (232-
1)
Nearly Unlimited 4194304 65536  
Tamanho máximo de arquivos 264 bytes (16
ExaBytes) 
minus 1KB
244 bytes (16
TeraBytes) 
minus 64KB
16EB 4GB minus
2 Bytes
2GB (Limit
Only 
by Volume
Size)
16MB (Limit
Only 
by Volume
Size)
Número máximo de Clusters 264 clusters minus
1 cluster
232 clusters minus
1 cluster
4294967295 4177918 65520 4080Comprimento máximo do
nome do arquivo
Up to 255 Up to 255 Up to 255 Up to 255 Standard -
8.3 
Extended -
up to 255
Up to 254
 
NTFS em comparação com FAT e FAT32
Cria partições maiores que 32GB;  
Tem capacidade de compactar arquivos e economizar espaço em disco;
Conta com melhor gestão de espaço, assim, gerando menos fragmentação;
Possui menos espaço desperdiçado;
Conta com on-the-�y a criptogra�a de arquivos usando o EFS (Encrypting File System, o Windows Professional).
FAT e FAT32 RELAÇÃO AO NTFS
É compatível com todos os sistemas operacionais;
Ocupa menos espaço no disco USB;
Trabalha de forma mais rápida e com menos uso de memória.
exFAT comparação com FAT e FAT32
Conta com leitura e escrita de arquivos maiores que 4 GB;
Capacidade de criar partições do disco com mais de 32 GB;
Possui melhor gerenciamento de espaço;
Conta com menos fragmentação.
Abaixo uma comparação entre os três sistemas de arquivos:
 
https://www.oficinadanet.com.br/artigo/443/o_que_e_criptografia