Prévia do material em texto

1a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Coordination is a syntactic process that organizes constituents of the same category or same function. Based on it, in which option are the noun phrases [my mother] and [my father] organized through the process of coordination?
		
	
	My father gave my mother a beautiful necklace.
	
	My father kissed my mother in front of my friends.
	 
	My mother and my father are my best friends.
	
	My mother loves my father since childhood.
	
	My mother gave a gift to my father in his birthday.
	Respondido em 28/04/2022 16:00:37
	
	Explicação:
Feedback: Coordinate clauses are usually linked by coordinators. The only sentence which exemplifies such use is My mother and my father are my best friends, in which the noun phrases are linked by the coordinator and. The other sentences show examples in which the noun phrases either occupy the subject position, being placed before the verb, or the object position, complementing the verb phrase.
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	In traditional grammar, coordination is divided in two types: syndetic and asyndetic coordination. The latter consists in the omission of a conjunction, and the former consists in use of it. Based on it, which option is structured by asyndetic coordination?
		
	 
	I'll order pasta, tomatoes, lettuce, grapes...
	
	He can really sing, so he can try a musical career.
	
	Chomsky is famous, for he's written important books.
	
	You may win, or you may lose this game.
	
	She loves him, but she needs to leave him now.
	Respondido em 28/04/2022 16:00:59
	
	Explicação:
Feedback: All options contain coordinating conjunctions, such as or, but, for and so, meaning that they are examples of syndetic coordination. The only alternative in which elements are linked without the help of coordinators is I¿ll order pasta, tomatoes, lettuce, grapes... In this case, commas are being used instead of conjunctions so this is the only example of asyndetic coordination.
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Read the text below:
 
The Scandinavian influence was the earliest, and arguably one of the strongest external forces that went into the making of modern English. Consequently, knowledge of the Icelandic language is of utmost importance. Not only does Icelandic supply a linguistic basis for such a study, but it also provides the source of a great deal of the necessary information for the understanding of medieval British history. Old Icelandic literature, both in poetry and prose, presents a wealth of interesting material, which in some respects stands unrivalled among the literatures of medieval Europe, and without which, one's knowledge of the ancient North would certainly be limited.
(Adapted from ZOËGA, Geir T. A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic. Available at: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-Concise-Dictionary-of-Old-Icelandic-Zo%C3%ABga/6f0f8c31249e4c6bf97026fd1b76f4bfd2b500dc. Accessed Sept 3rd, 2021.) How many sentences are there in the text above?
		
	
	1
	
	5
	
	2
	 
	4
	
	3
	Respondido em 28/04/2022 16:01:23
	
	Explicação:
4 (CORRECT) - By definition, a sentence starts with a capital letter and ends either with a period, question mark, or exclamation mark. In the text above, there are four periods (= full stops), so the text has four sentences. The other options either show a number that is inferior to the total of sentences or superior to 4, which is the correct answer.
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Read the text below:
There are now more overweight than underweight people in the world.
 
London - More than 640 million people [1]globally now weigh in as [2]obese and the world has more overweight than underweight people, according to an [3]analysis of global trends in body mass index (BMI).
A startling increase [4]in rates of obesity in the past 40 years means the number of people with a BMI of more than 30 has risen from 105 million in 1975 to 641 million, the study found. More than one in 10 men and one in seven women are obese.(DAVID GRAY. Reuters. There Are Now More Overweight Than Underweight People in the World. 2016. Available at: https://www.newsweek.com/world-obesity-641-million-overweight-underweight-442874. Accessed  August,31, 2021)
The highlighted elements [1], [2], [3] and [4] are examples of which types of PHRASES respectively?
		
	 
	[1] = adverbial phrase; [2] = adjective phrase; [3] = noun phrase; [4] = prepositional phrase
	
	[1] = prepositional phrase; [2] = noun phrase; [3] = verb phrase; [4] = adjective frase
	
	[1] = noun phrase; [2] = verb phrase; [3] = adverbial phrase; [4] = noun phrase
	
	[1] = noun phrase; [2] = adverbial phrase; [3] = adjective phrase; [4] = verb phrase
	
	[1] = adjective phrase; [2] = noun phrase; [3] = adverbial phrase; [4] = verb phrase
	Respondido em 28/04/2022 16:02:13
	
	Explicação:
[1] = adverbial phrase; [2] = adjective phrase; [3] = noun phrase; [4] = prepositional phrase (CORRECT). The head of each phrase is what must be used to label the type of phrase in use. Consequently, globally is an adverb (the -ly suffix used to form adverbs from adjectives), obese is an adjective because characterizes the noun people previously mentioned, analysis is a noun, since it is preceded by the article an and the structure in rates is composed of a preposition + complement, which is the structure of a prepositional phrase.
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Mark the option that best classifies the syntactic function of the underlined noun phrases within the main clauses and within the restrictive relative clauses present in the following excerpts:
I - The effort was backed up by a team of scientists [that conducted new ocean research].
 
II - a marine scientist [who served as a science advisor to the Canada delegation] talked about the scientific process.
III - 9 out of 10 people breathe air [that contains high levels of pollutants].
		
	
	I. Subject/ subject. II. Object/ subject. III. Subject/ subject.
	
	I. Subject/ subject. II. Object/ subject. III. Object/ object.
	
	I. Object/ object. II. Object/ object. III. Subject/ Agent of the passive.
	 
	I. Agent of the passive voice/ subject; II. Subject/ subject; III. Object/ subject.
	
	I. Object/ subject; II. Subject/ subject. III. Object/ object.
	Respondido em 28/04/2022 16:10:07
	
	Explicação:
I." A team of scientists" is the agent of the passive voice. You should notice that noun phrases fulfilling this role are often introduced by the preposition "by". However, the same noun phrase is the subject of the verb "conducted". After all, who conducted new ocean research? A team of scientists.  II. The noun phrase "a marine scientist" plays the role of subject in both clauses: it is the subject of the verb "served" and also the subject of the verb ¿talked¿. III. The head noun is the object of the verb ¿breathe¿. What do 9 out of 10 people breathe? ¿Air¿. At the same time, it is the subject of the verb of the restrictive relative clause. What contains high level of pollutants? "Air". The correct alternative is then: "I. Agent of the passive voice/ subject; II. Subject/ subject; III. Object/ subject".
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	As you read this Unit, you learned that the relative pronoun can be omitted under specific circumstances. Which option shows the correct use of the omitted relative pronoun in the statement below?
 
"Climate change is already affecting every region on Earth, in multiple ways. The changes we experience will increase with additional warming, (...)".
		
	
	The changes we experience will increase with that additional warming, (¿)
	
	The changes we experience that will increase with additional warming, (¿)
	 
	The changes that we experience will increase with additional warming, (¿)
	
	The changes we experience which will increase with additional warming, (¿)
	
	The changes, whom we experience, willincrease with additional warming, (¿)
	Respondido em 28/04/2022 16:06:14
	
	Explicação:
The referent is the noun phrase "the changes", a non-human antecedent. Therefore, either the relative pronoun "which" or ¿that¿ should be used. The restrictive relative clause [that we experience] defines which changes will increase with additional warming. Since "that" should come after "changes", the only correct option is "The changes that we experience will increase with additional warming, (¿)". The other options either show a relative pronoun being incorrectly used or placed.
	
		7a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Not all relative clauses are introduced by relative pronouns. It is not infrequent to come across clauses in which the relative pronoun is not present. There are, however, rules to omit the pronouns. Mark the option in which the relative pronoun can be omitted:
		
	
	These changes affect both ocean ecosystems and the people [that rely on them].
	
	 How often do we think about repair and maintenance of computers, phones, or other devices [that have some damage or are slightly worn?].
	
	 9 out of 10 people breathe air [that contains high levels of pollutants].
	 
	 We are also pretty comfortable doing this with technology products [which we repair when damaged].
	
	Extreme sea level events [that previously occurred once in 100 years] could happen every year by the end of this century.
	Respondido em 28/04/2022 16:09:01
	
	Explicação:
We often delete the relative pronoun when it functions as the object of the restrictive relative clause. Except for  We are also pretty comfortable doing this with technology products [which we repair when damaged], all the alternatives present relative pronouns playing the role of subject in the restrictive relative clause. Since the subject of the relative clause in question  we  does not coincide with the noun the relative pronoun refers to, the relative pronoun can be omitted.
	
		8a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Choose the option providing the correct classification (followed by a suitable explanation) for the clauses between brackets:
E-waste is a health and environmental hazard, containing toxic additives or hazardous substances such as mercury, which damages the human brain and / or coordination system.
Source: Global e-waste surging: up 21 per cent in 5 years (who.int)
		
	
	It is a nonrestrictive relative clause because it specifies how mercury harms the human body.
	
	It is a restrictive relative clause because it provides additional (and omissible) information on the effects of mercury on human health.
	
	It is a relative adverbial because, similarly to adverbs, it provides the circumstances in which mercury damages human health.
	 
	It is a nonrestrictive relative clause because it provides additional (and omissible) information on the effects of mercury on human health.
	
	It is a restrictive relative clause because it specifies how mercury harms the human body.
	Respondido em 28/04/2022 16:03:08
	
	Explicação:
When it comes to distinguishing nonrestrictive and restrictive relative clause, it is always important to take a closer look at punctuation - or the lack of it. The clause between brackets is a nonrestrictive relative clause because it is kept apart from the main clause by a comma and the information it provides is omissible. It does not define or specify mercury. It only makes a comment on its harmful effects on the human body. The correct alternative is thus: "It is a nonrestrictive relative clause because it provides additional (and omissible) information on the effects of mercury on human health".
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	There are special types of questions in English which are used to confirm or check information, by means of eliciting my interlocutor's agreement or confirmation. Below you will find some examples of the so-called tag questions. Choose the options which contain grammatically correct examples of tag questions:
i- She is coming, isn't she?
ii- She does work here, John?
iii- I should come, shouldn't I?
iv- I do love chocolate.
		
	
	Only option ii) is a tag question.
	 
	Options i) and iii) are examples of tag questions.
	
	Only option iv) is not an example of a tag question.
	
	Options iii) and iv) are examples of tag questions.
	
	Only option i) is a tag question.
	Respondido em 28/04/2022 16:16:30
	
	Explicação:
Tag questions are formed by inverting the polarity of the original sentence and placing the auxiliary verb before the subject. Therefore, only in options i) and iii) is this structure being used. Options ii) and iv) show another type of phenomenon, when the auxiliary verb is used for emphatic purposes.
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Analyze the questions below so as to identify their main functions
i- Are you coming tomorrow?
ii- Which do you prefer: coffee or tea?
		
	
	we use ii) when we ask about missing information.
	 
	in i) we want to invite the addressee to indicate whether a proposition is true or not.
	
	in i) and ii) the addressee is unknown.
	 
	in i) we want to invite the addressee to select among alternatives presented.
	
	we use i) and ii) to make random elicitation.
	Respondido em 28/04/2022 16:18:58
	
	Explicação:
Question i) is a Yes-no question whose main function is to ask my interlocutor, or addressee to indicate whether a statement is true or not; whereas question ii) is an alternative question whose main function is to ask my interlocutor to choose among the options given. Therefore, the only correct option is the one that states that "we want to invite the addressee to indicate whether a proposition is true or not".