UFF -2000-word level vocabulary

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1000-WORD LEVEL VOCABULARY
NOUN/VERB
The following words are used as nouns and verbs with no change in form: 
act advance age air anger answer arm attempt blow book bottle break butter can care cause chance change charge circle class cloud colour (Am E: color) condition control cost course cover cross crowd cry cut dance date deal demand desire doubt dream dress drink drive drop end escape experience face fall favour (Am E favor) fear fence fight fine finish flower fly force form fruit ground group guide hand dead heat help hit hope house iron judge jump kiss land laugh lead leg lie lift light line list look love mail man march mark master matter measure milk mind mine miss move name need note notice number offer oil order paint paper part pass pay picture place plan plant play point position power press price promise prove pull question race rain raise reach reason reply report rest result return ride right ring rise roll round row rule run rush sail salt saw sense shade shake share shop shoulder shout show skin sleep smell smile smoke snow sort sound spot spring stand star start state stay step stick stock stone stop store strike study sugar supply surprise take talk taste thank tie touch trade train travel trip trouble turn try use value view visit walk wall watch wave welcome wish wonder work 
 
EXERCISE: Write N for noun or V for verb to indicate the class of the words in boldface: 
1 There is no need to worry. ( ) 2 All you need is someone to help you. ( ) 
3 This lift is out of use. ( ) 4 Please use the other one. ( ) 
5 Did the cat drink all the milk ? ( ) 6 Give it another drink of milk. ( )
7 We need to plan our holidays. ( ) 8 We have to make up a good plan. ( )
9 Cats like fish, ( ) 10 but they don`t fish. ( )
11 They need your help. ( ) 12 Will you help them? ( )
13 Does the bus stop here? ( ) 14 No, but there`s a bus stop at the other block. ( )
15 The fresh air is good for you. ( ) 16 Open the window to air the room. ( )
17 He always promises to help, ( ) 18 but he never keeps his promises. ( )
19 Slow down before you turn left. ( ) 20 There`s a sharp turn just ahead. ( ) 
						 
Some nouns and verbs with the same spelling differ in stress. Nouns are stressed on the first syllable; verbs, on the second. 
 increase object present produce record subject 
EXERCISE: Write F or S in the brackets to indicate if the words in boldface are stressed on the first or second syllable.
1 World energy demand increases at a rate of 3% per year. ( ) 
2 This implies a sharp increase in energy generation. ( )
3 As they object to another manned mission to the moon, ( ) 
4 they see no reason to subject astronauts to periodic health check-ups. ( ) 
5 History records that the fertile land became ( ) 
6 the object of violent struggles for possession. ( )
7 History is her favourite subject at school, ( ) 
8 and she usually records on tape everything her teacher says in class. ( ) 
9 Athletics presents a difficulty for the athletes to overcome. ( ) 
10 Lewis could break world records in the 100 and 200 metres. ( ) 
11 The sun produces light and heat. ( ) 
12 Sugar became the chief produce of the Caribbean. ( )
NOUNS action aeroplane (Br E) airplane (Am E) amount animal apple April army art article August aunt baby back bag ball bank basket battle bay bean beauty bed being bell bicycle bird blood board boat body bone bottom box boy branch bread bridge brother bug building bus business cake captain car cart case cat cent century chair character chief child church cigarette city clock cloth clothes cold college company corn corner country cup danger daughter day December degree delight device difference dinner distance doctor dog dollar door duck duty ear earth east edge effort egg electricity enemy evening eye fact family farm father February field finger firm floor food forest Friday friend front future game garden gate general gentleman gift girl glass god gold good-bye grain grave hair hall hat health heart heaven height hill history hole home horse hour hunger husband ice idea inch industry island January job journey joy judge July June kind king kitchen labour ladder lady lake language laughter law leader length letter liar life lord loss machine manner March market material May meat meeting member method mile minute moment Monday money month moon morning mother motorcycle mountain mouth movement mud music nation nature neck needle neighbour (Am E neighbor) nerve news niece night noise noon north nose November ocean October office opinion page pair party past peace people period person piece pleasure pot president problem public purpose queen river road rock room rose safe safety same Saturday scene school sea season seat seed self September service ship shirt shoe shore shot side sight silver sister size sky soil soldier son song south space square station storm story stranger stream street strength student success suit summer sun Sunday sweet system table tail tear thing thought Thursday time today tomorrow top town train tree truth Tuesday uncle valley voice wagon war water way weather Wednesday week weight well west wheat wheel wife will wind window wing winter woman wood word world worth yard year yesterday
EXERCISE: Choose the correct words above to complete the following:
Days of the week: Sunday, ____________ , ____________ , ____________ , ____________ , ____________ , and ____________ .
Months of the year: January, ____________ , ____________ , ____________ , ____________ , ____________ , ____________ , ____________ , ____________ , ____________, ____________ , and ____________ .
Family: father (husband), ____________ (wife) , ____________, ____________ , ____________ , ____________ , ____________ , ____________ , ____________ , ____________ , ____________ .
Vehicles: airplane, ____________ , ____________ , ____________ , ___________ , ____________ ____________ .
Animals: bug, cat, _________________________________________________________________
Fruit: apple, _____________________________________________________________________
Human body: arm, ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Rooms of a house: bathroom,________________________________________________________
ADJECTIVES alone angry dear famous fine firm fresh gentle great human hungry lonelymad mean next nice plain proud quiet same separate sorry special spread still straight strange sure sweet wild worn
Colour adjectives: black blue brown gray green red white yellow
 Opposites with the prefixes –un, -in or -im: able – unable; afraid – unafraid; clear – unclear; fair – unfair; friend – unfriendly; happy – unhappy; important – unimportant; interesting – uninteresting; just – unjust; kind – unkind; pleasant – unpleasant; real – unreal; direct – indirect; partial – impartial; perfect – imperfect; possible – impossible; pure – impure. 
EXERCISE: Match these opposites:
1 absent		( ) narrow			1 cold			( ) equal	
2 bad			( ) ugly			2 cool			( ) wet
3 beautiful		( ) far				3 dark			( ) hot
4 big			( ) good			4 dead			( ) light
5 broad			( ) careless			5 deep			( ) near
6 busy			( ) little			6 different		( ) shallow
7 careful		( ) present			7 difficult		( ) warm
8 clean			( ) free			8 distant		( ) easy
9 close			( ) dirty			9 dry			( ) alive
1 early			( ) slow 			1 general		( ) short 
2 easy 			( ) wise			2 glad			( ) soft
3 far 			( ) late			3 hard			( ) well
4 fast 			( ) native			4 heavy			( ) old
5 fat			( ) last				5 ill			( ) light
6 first 			( ) near			6 large			( ) particular
7 fool 			( ) busy			7 long			( ) small
8 foreign		( ) thin			8 low			( ) sad
9 free			( ) hard			9 new			( ) high
												 
1 old			( ) left				1 round			( ) sound
2 open			( ) private			2 sad			( ) complex
3 poor			( ) young			3 short			( ) narrow 
4 present		( ) slow			4 sick			( ) thin
5 pretty		( ) right			5 simple		( ) happy
6 public			( ) past			6 single			( ) square
7 quick			( ) ugly			7 strong		( ) tall
8 right			( ) rich			8 thick			( ) married
9 wrong		( ) closed			9 wide			( ) weak
PRONOUNS all another any anybody anyone anything both each either everybody everyone everything enough few I it its itself half he her hers herself him himself his least less little many me mine more most myself neither nobody none no one nothing one oneself others ours ourselves several she some somebody someone something that theirs them themselves these they this those us we what which who whom whose you yours yourself yourselves
EXERCISE: Supply the opposites of the following pronouns: 				 
1 all x _____________________			6 few x __________________________ 
2 either x __________________			7 half x __________________________
3 everybody x _______________			8 least x _________________________
4 everyone x ________________ 			9 less x__________________________
5 everything x _______________		 10 little x _________________________
DETERMINERS
a an double every her his its last my no other our such the their whole your 
EXERCISE: Supply the determiners required:
1 She`s half __________ age, but she earns __________ his salary. 2 She made __________ attempt to induce him to study more, but __________ effort was useless. She told him that she won`t spend her __________ life with __________ a lazy man who makes __________ effort to progress. He promised to resume his studies some __________ time. As a __________ argument, she threatened to leave him.
NUMERALS 
Cardinal numbers
one six eleven sixteen	twenty-one	 seventy-six 	 two seven twelve seventeen	thirty-two	 eighty-seven	 three eight thirteen	 eighteen	forty-three	 ninety-eight	 four nine fourteen	 nineteen	fifty-four	 one hundred	 five 	 ten fifteen twenty sixty-five	 two thousand 
10,859,736 = ten million, eight hundred and fifty-nine thousand, seven hundred and thirty-six
Ordinal numbers
1th first	 	 11th eleventh	 21th twenty-first 76th seventy-sixth 
2nd second 	 12th twelfth	 30th thirtieth 80th eightieth
3rd third	 13th thirteenth	 32th thirty-second 87th eighty-seventh
4th fourth 	 14th fourteenth	 40th fortieth 90th ninetieth
5th fifth		 15th fifteenth	 43th forty-third		98th ninety-eighth
6th sixth 16th sixteenth 50th fiftieth 200th two hundredth
7th seventh 17th seventeenth 54th fifty-four		3000th one thousandth
8th eighth 18th eighteenth 60th sixtieth 		4,000,000th four millionth
9th ninth 19th nineteenth 65th sixty-five 
10th tenth 20th twentieth 70th seventieth 
EXERCISE: Write these numbers:	
a 13 ____________________________		j 127 _____________________________ 	
b 24 __________________________	 k 238 ___________________________
c 35 _______________________	 l 349 ___________________________________
d 46 _______________________	 m 451 __________________________________
e 57 _______________________		n 562 ___________________________________
f 68 _______________________		o 673 ___________________________________
g 79 _______________________ p 784 ___________________________________
h 81 _______________________ q 895 ___________________________________
i 92 _______________________ r 906 ___________________________________
VERBS
Linking verbs: to be: am, is, are (present) was, were (past) will be (future) being (present participle) been (past participle)
Regular: appear look prove remain seem sound stay taste turn
Irregular: become-became-become fall-fell-fallen feel-felt-felt get-got-got(ten) go-went-gone grow-grew-grown keep-kept-kept smell-smelt-smelt (also regular)
EXERCISE: Supply an appropriate verb to complete these sentences.
1 I _________ happy because she _________ here. We ________ good friends.
2 Yesterday ________ very hot, and they ________ on the beach.
3 My friends __________ at the party tomorrow.
4 That girl ________ tired. She ________ annoyed. It ________ that she wants to leave.
5 Henry ________ angry very easily, and he ________ crazy with his wife.
6 The audience ________ mad when he sang his greatest hits.
7 What you said ________ strange. This cod ______ delicious!
8 This room ________ of cigars.
9 His black hair ________ grey. It ________ grey in a few years.
10 When asked about the murder, he ________ still and ________ silent.
Event verbs
Regular verbs: accept add agree allow appear arrive ask attempt believe belong borrow call care carry cause change clean clear close complete consider contain continue cook cool count cover cross cry dance decide demand desire destroy die discover divide doubt dress dry enjoy enter escape expect fail fill fine fix follow free gather guess happen help hope hurry include join kill last like listenlive long marry open own please prepare realize receive remember require save shine (=polish) stay succeed suppose travel trust wait want wash
Irregular verbs: begin-began-begun, blow-blew-blown, break-broke-broken, choose-chose-chosen, do-did-done, drink-drank-drunk, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten , fly-flew-flown, forget-forgot-forgotten, get-got-got(ten), give-gave-given, go-went-gone, grow-grew-grown, know-knew-known, ride-rode-ridden, rise-rose-risen, shake-shook-shaken, show-showed-shown, sing-sang-sung, speak-spoke-spoken, spring-sprang-sprung, take-took-taken, tear-tore-torn, throw-threw-thrown, wear-wore-worn, write-wrote-written
Two forms identical: become-became-become, bring-brought-brought, build-built-built, burn-burnt-burnt (R), buy-bought-bought, catch-caught-caught, come-came-come, deal-dealt-dealt /di:l-delt-delt/ (R), dream-dreamt-dreamt (R), feed-fed-fed, find-found-found, hang-hung-hung (R=to kill by dropping with a rope around the neck), have-had-had, hear-heard-heard, hold-held-held, lay-laid-laid (/lei-leid-leid/), learn-learnt-learnt (R,) leave-left-left, light-lit-lit (R), lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, mean-meant-meant (/ment/), read-read-read (/ri:d-red-red/), run-ran-run say-said-said (/sei-sed-sed/ ) sell-sold-sold , send-sent-sent, shine-shone-shone (intrans.), sit-sat-sat, smell-smelt-smelt (R), spend-spent-spent (R), stand-stood-stood, strike-stroke-stroke, teach-taught-taught, tell-told-told, think-thought-thought, understand-understood-understood, win-won-won 
Three forms identical: cost-cost-cost, cut-cut-cut, fit-fit-fit , hit-hit-hit, hurt-hurt-hurt, let-let-let, put-put-put, set-set-set, spread-spread-spread, wet-wet-wet 
EXERCISE: Match these opposites:
1 arrive			( ) sell
2 close 			( ) forget
3 die 			( ) teach
4 remember		( ) write
5 buy			( ) live
6 come			( ) open
7 hear			( ) leave
8 learn			( ) go
9 read			( ) speak
Modal auxiliary verbs: can/could, may/might, must (=have to)/had to, shall/should (= ought to), will/would 
Marginal modals: dare, need
Meanings: Ability: can (=be able to) He can drive a car. (= He is able to drive a car.)	
Permission (formal): may (=be allowed to) You may smoke here, if you want. (= You are allowed to smoke here, if you want.)
Permission (informal): can (=be allowed to) He can drive a car. He has a driver`s license. (= He is allowed to drive.) 
Inability: cannot/can`t (=be unable to) He can`t drive. (= He`s unable to drive.)
Possibility: may (= be possible) She may be there. (= It`s possible that she is there.)
Necessity: must (=have to) I must go home now. (= I have to go home now.) 
Necessity: need (= It is necessary) I need to go home. 
Logical necessity: must He didn`t come to work. So he must be sick.
Obligation: must (= be obliged to) You must finish your homework. (= You are obliged to finish it.)
Obligation: shall (= be obliged to) He shall come. (= He`s obliged to come. I want him to come.)
Prohibition: mustn`t (= be not permitted) You mustn`t drink during office hours. (= You are not permitted to drink during office hours.)
Advisability: should (= ought to) You should take a rest. You ought to stop smoking, too. (= It is advisable that you take a rest and stop smoking.
Volition: will (= want to) He will take you to the airport. (= He wants to take you there.)
Inevitability (with non-person): The roof will collapse with the weight of the snow. (= It`s inevitable.)
EXERCISE A: Indicate the meaning of the sentences on the left:
1 We can do it. ( ) We were able to do it.
2 We would do it. ( ) We ought to do it.
3 We have to do it. ( ) We are able to do it.
4 We could do it. ( ) It was impossible for us to do it.
5 We needn`t do it. ( ) We wanted to do it.
6 We should do it. ( ) It`s not necessary to do it.
7 We might do it. ( ) We must do it.
EXERCISE B
1 He shall come. ( ) It`s impossible for him to come.
2 He may not come. ( ) He needn`t come.
3 He cannot come. ( ) I wonder why he didn`t come.
4 He mustn`t come. ( ) It`s possible that he doesn`t come.
5 He hasn`t come. ( ) I want him to come.
6 He will come. ( ) He`s not allowed to come.
7 He might come. ( ) He promised to come.
EXERCISE C
1 She must go with us.		( ) It`s possible for her to go.
2 She mustn`t go with us.	( ) It`s possible she doesn`t go.
3 She needn`t go with us.	( ) She ought to go with.
4 She might go with.		( ) She has to go with us.
5 She should go with us.	( ) She cannot go with us.
6 She may go with us.		( ) She`s not obliged to go.
7 She may not go with us.	( ) We let her go with us.
EXERCISE D
1 The road can be blocked. 	 ( ) It`s inevitable.
2 The road may be blocked. 	 ( ) It`s impossible to block it.
3 The road mustn`t be blocked.	 ( ) It has to be blocked.
4 The road must be blocked.	 ( ) It`s possible that it was.
5 The road cannot be blocked.	 ( ) It`s possible to block it.
6 The road might be blocked.	 ( ) It`s impossible that it is.
7 The road will be blocked.	 ( ) It`s possible that it is.
EXERCISE E: Substitute modals for these paraphrases:
1 We are not obliged to finish this work today.
2 Dogs are not allowed in this building.
3 She is able to do anything in the office.
4 The weather forecast says that it will probably rain tomorrow.
5 A computer is capable of doing it in a short time.
6 Well, you Don`t have to give me explanations.
7 It`s impossible for us to wait for them.
ADVERBS: again ago all almost alone along already also always around away back between beyond double down east else especially even far first forward(s) further here instead last lately much north often perhaps please quite rather right south there today tomorrow tonight too very well west why yes yesterday 
PREPOSITIONS: about - according to - against - among - at - beside - by - during - from - into - of onto - opposite - than - through - towards
CONJUNCTIONS: although – due to - even - if - though - unless - whether - while
Note that some items can be: 
Adverbs or adjectives: best better close early enough hard just least little long loud more most next only right still straight wide wrong
Adverbs or prepositions: above across along around behind below besides between beyond down in inside near off on out outside over past round through throughout under up upon 
Adverbs or conjunctions: once so when where 
Prepositions or conjunctions: as but except for like till to until 
Adverbs, prepositions or conjunctions: after before since 
They lived happily ever after. (adverb)
We shall leave after breakfast. (preposition)
I found your coat after you had left the house. (conjunction)
2000-WORD LEVEL VOCABULARY
NOUN/VERB
The following words are used as nouns and verbs with no change in form:
account address aid aim appeal approach attack balance bark base bend benefit blame blind block bow brush button calm camp cash centre (Am E center) chain charm check claim comb comfort command consent copy crash crown crush cure curse curve damage decline defeat delay display dust ease effect elbow exchange excuse exercise faint fashion fame film flame flashfloat flock flood flow fold gaze glance grow grade grant grasp handle harm hate hollow hook influence issue kick knock level limit load lock lunch map marvel match mention mistake mix model nail nod pack pardon park pat pause pin pity plough (Am E plow) poison praise preserve pride print process programme (Am E program) purchase puzzle quarrel radio range rank rate remark repair request respect reward ruin sand score scream search shadow shape shelter shock sigh signal silence sin sink slip speed spell stamp steam strain stretch strip stroke struggle support swim tax telephone test tip tower trace track trail trick type urge vote voyage waste whisper whistle witness worry wound
Some nouns and verbs with the same spelling differ in stress. Nouns are stressed on the first syllable; verbs, on the second: 
conduct content contract converse desert impress progress protest suspect permit
NOUNS 										 ability absence accident adult adventure advice affair affection airport apartment arch area association attention attitude author authority automobile autumn avenue average axe (Am E ax) band bar barn basement bath beach bear beast bee belt bill birth blanket border brain breakfast breast brook bush candy cap capital card carriage castle cat cell chapter chest chicken choice circumstance citizen climate club coal coast coffee coin colony committee community companion comparison concern confidence constitution content continent convenience conversation cookie cotton countryside couple courage court cousin cow cream creature crime criminal crop crown crush curtain custom dawn death debt decline deed democracy department desert design desk despair detail devil diamond dignity dirt disease district doll dot dozen drum economy elbow element elephant emotion empire energy engine engineer entrance equator error event evidence evil example expense experiment factory faith fashion fate fault feast feather feature fever flag flat fleet flesh flight flock flour fluid folk forehead fortune foundation fountain frame fright fun funeral fur furniture gas gaze giant glory glove goods goods goose grape grass grief guest guilt gulf habit handkerchief harbour (Am E harbor) harvest heel hell hero holiday honey horn hospital hotel household humour (Am E humor) individual information insect instance institution instrument jacket jar jewel joke juice justice key knee knife knowledge lamb lamp lawyer layer leather lesson level liberty library lightning lion lip liquid liquor literature loan lock log luck machinery magazine magnificent maid manufacture map mass mathematics meadow meal medicine memory merchant mercy message messenger midnight mill mineral minister moist motion motor movie muscle mystery native nephew nest net novel nurse nut oak occasion occupation officer opportunity orange origin ox package palace pan parent passenger passion path patience pattern pen penny permission personality photograph phrase piano pie pig pillow pine pipe plate plenty pocket poem poet poetry pole police policy politics pond pool population porch port portion post potato pound powder practice prayer pride prince princess principle prison privilege prize product production professor profit property pupil purple quality quantity rabbit rail railway (Am E railroad) raisin ray rear region relation relief religion ribbon rice roar roof root rope route rubber rug saddle salary sale scale science scientist secret secretary section Senate sentence series shame sheep sheet shell shower silk sir situation skill skirt slave soap society solution sore sorrow soup source speech spoon sport stage stairs standard steel stocking stomach stove string stuff style substance sum supper sword sympathy tale task tea team temper temperature temple tent term territory terror theatre (Am E theater) theory thread threat throat thunder ticket tide tin tire (Am E tyre) title tobacco tone tongue tonight tool tooth total toy treasure trial tribe troop trousers (Am E pants) trunk uniform university vacation (Br E holidays) variety vegetable vessel victory virtue vocabulary volume wage wealth 
VERBS 
Regular verbs: accompany accomplish accuse accustom admire admit advise affect afford announce apply appoint argue arrange assume assure attend avoid bake beg boil breathe busy cease climb collect combine compare compel complain conclude connect consist cooperate correct create declare defend deliver deny depend deport describe deserve determine develop devote dine disappear disappoint discuss drag earn educate elect employ encourage endure engage establish examine excite exist explode explore express extend fulfil (Am E also fulfill) furnish greet heal hesitate hire imagine improve indicate inform inquire insist instruct intend interrupt introduce invent invite locate manage melt mount murder narrow obey oblige observe obtain occupy operate oppose organise (Am E organize) originate owe perform plunge possess pour practise (Am E practice) pray prefer prevent proceed propose protect provide publish punish recognise (Am E recognize) recommend recover reduce refuse regard remind remove repeat represent reveal satisfy scatter seize select solve spare stare starve stir suggest surround swell tend threaten tire treat tremble unite utter vary wander warn weigh wipe wrap yield
Irregular verbs: bear-bore-born (active voice: borne), bite-bit-bitten, draw-drew-drawn, forgive-forgave-forgiven, freeze-froze-frozen, hide-hid-hidden, mistake-mistook-mistaken, steal-stole-stolen, swim-swam-swum, wake-woke-woken (R), 
Two forms identical: beat-beat-beaten, bend-bent-bent, bind-bound-bound, bleed-bled-bled, dig-dug-dug, lean-leant-leant (/lent/), lend-lent-lent, seek-sought-sought, shoot-shot-shot, speed-sped-sped (R), spell-spelt-spelt (R), spoil-spoilt-spoilt (R), swell-swelled-swollen (R), weep-wept-wept
Three forms identical: burst-burst-burst, shut-shut-shut
ADJECTIVES
absent absolute active ancient anxious awful bare basic blind bound brave brief calm capital certain cheap clever confident content convenient correct crazy criminal cruel curious current delicate dirt dull eager economic entire exact excellent false familiar farther female fierce final flat fluid former frequent funny gay generous gradual grateful handsome hollow holy honest huge humble immediate impossible individual liquid local main major male merry mineral moral naked narrow native noble normal numerical numerous opposite ordinary original pale particular patient personal physical pink polite popular practical precious principal private proper queer rapid raw recent regular responsible rough scarce scientific secret secure serious sharp shut silent similar social solid sore spare splendid steady stiff sufficient superior tender tight tiny total ugly uniform upper vain vast willing
EXERCISE: Match these opposites:
1 absent		( ) expensive
2 absolute		( ) sharp
3 cheap 		( ) male
4 confident 		( ) true
5 dirty			( ) tiny
6 dull			( ) relative
7 false 			( ) insecure
8 female		( ) clean
9 huge			( ) present
Find other opposites in the list above.
ADVERBS: abroad ahead alike aloud altogether anyhow apart beneath besidesdownstairs formerly hardly otherwise tonight twice upstairs 
PREPOSITIONS: beneath besides onto opposite