LITERATURA ESTADUNIDENSE AVA2 UVA

Prévia do material em texto

Place: Sala 1 - TJ - Prova On-line / Andar / Polo Tijuca / POLO UVA TIJUCA 
Academic: EAD-IL80079-20222A
Candidate: LARISSA DE SEABRA PEREIRA BIANCHI 
Assessment: A2-
Registration: 20211301424 
Date: June 30, 2022 - 8 a.m. Finished
Correto Incorreto Anulada  Discursive  Objective Total: 9.00/10.00
1  Código: 34619 - Enunciado: Chicano Literature thematizes identity issues of the Mexican people,
including protests against exploitation and adaptation issues, similar to those approached by
other immigrant literatures. The following excerpt, taken from the autobiographical novel The
Distance Between Us (2012), illustrates that: 
In 1980, when I was four years old, I didnʼt know yet where the United States was or why everyone in
my hometown of Iguala, Guerrero, referred to it as El Otro Lado, the Other Side.What I knew back
then was that El Otro Lado had already taken my father away.What I knew was that prayers didnʼt
work, because if they did, El Otro Lado wouldnʼt be taking my mother away, too (GRANDE, 2012,
a/d). 
Criticize the author's use of code-switching (English/Spanish) in the excerpt, considering the
literary principles of Chicano Literature.
 a) Spanish enables the author to approach Mexican readers as learners of a second
language that need to be helped.
 b) Spanish is used to embellish the text and it is not directly connected to its narrative
and/or thematic construction.
 c) Spanish invokes a particular emotional setting, introducing a Mexican bicultural
metaphor for the "American dream."
 d) Spanish is used as a commercial strategy to approximate Mexican readers and discourage
American audiences.
 e) Spanish use refers to the author's lack of fluency in the English language, which demands
native language inserts.
Alternativa marcada:
c) Spanish invokes a particular emotional setting, introducing a Mexican bicultural metaphor for
the "American dream."
Justification: Correct answer:Spanish invokes a particular emotional setting, introducing a
Mexican bicultural metaphor for the "American dream". Correct: the use of El Otro Lado, coupled
with its translation, invokes the emotions involved in being a child and hearing about the U.S. as
a mysterious place and helps readers from other nationalities to understand how this country
was interpreted from a Mexican perspective. 
Distractors:Spanish is used to embellish the text and it is not directly connected to its narrative
and/or thematic construction. Incorrect: code-switching is one of the tools used in immigrant
literature, in general, to convey emotional charge within texts. Its use and repetition are not
random or style-related only.Spanish is used as a commercial strategy to approximate Mexican
readers and discourage American audiences. Incorrect: Mexican American contemporary writers
mean to be accepted by both immigrant and native U.S. audiences. Besides that, the English
translations of the expression grant equal access in terms of understanding its narrative strength
to both audiences.Spanish use refers to the author's lack of fluency in the English language,
which demands native language inserts. Incorrect: the text is fluent in English and the expression
in Spanish is also presented in its English version.Spanish enables the author to approach
Mexican readers as learners of a second language that need to be helped. Incorrect: a Mexican
American who is not fluent in English would probably not be able to follow the narrative or, at
least, not due to the inserts of expressions such as "El Otro Lado."
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2  Código: 34600 - Enunciado: Sojourner Truthʼs most famous speech, Ainʼt I a woman? (1851), is
still quoted today due to its relevance for the African American community and the fight against
all kinds of discrimination. Read the following excerpt:"That man over there says that women
need to be helped into carriages, and li�ed over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere.
Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I
a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted and gathered into barns,
and no man could head me! And ain't I a woman?" (TRUTH, 2014 [1851], p.1)Analyzing the
section and considering its stylistic and linguistic characteristics, it is possible to a�irm that:
 a) It shows traits of an adapted language, ranging from standard structures to African-
American vernaculars.
 b) It is based on a common style for the period, which includes several metaphors, similes,
and citation inserts.
 c) It shows high levels of formality, explainable because truth taught herself how to read and
write.
 d) It is similar in structure to the Puritan sermons since it avoids mundane language and
resorts to "the sacred."
 e) It reveals Truth's commitment to the written language, through the use of canonic
morphosyntactic structures.
Alternativa marcada:
b) It is based on a common style for the period, which includes several metaphors, similes, and
citation inserts.
Justification: Correct answer: It shows traits of an adapted language, ranging from standard
structures to African-American vernaculars.Truth's speech is very informal, but goes from
structures such as "helped into carriages, and li�ed over ditches", which are more standard, to
structures that are clearly based on the African American Vernacular, such as "And ain't I a
woman?" 
Distractors:It shows high levels of formality, explainable because truth taught herself how to read
and write. The speech is not formal since its whole structure is based on everyday conversational
language.It is based on a common style for the period, which includes several metaphors, similes,
and citation inserts. The speech and this excerpt, in particular, does not make use of metaphors,
similes, or citations. Common dialogic traits are included, reproducing a conversational style.It
reveals Truth's commitment to the written language, through the use of canonic
morphosyntactic structures. The speech does not make use of canonic structures since it is based
on oral language.It is similar in structure to the Puritan sermons since it avoids mundane
language and resorts to "the sacred." The speech makes use of ordinary language and does not
refer to any sacred or superior instance at this point.
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3  Código: 34592 - Enunciado: Within Asian-American Literature, some themes tend to occur
repeatedly. Among them, we can cite the relationship between parents and children - the way
first and second generations respond di�erently to their experience in the U.S.This theme can be
characterized by:
 a) A tendency in second generation's children to reject their parentsʼ social expectations.
 b) A tendency to focus on adaptation problems that are common to both parents and
children.
 c) A tendency in first generation's authors to publish books written in their native language.
 d) The authors' need to recreate their original cultural values and principles in writing.
 e) The authors' need to state that they respect their family values in every single work.
Alternativa marcada:
a) A tendency in second generation's children to reject their parentsʼ social expectations.
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Justification: Correct answer:A tendency in second generation's children to reject their parentsʼ
social expectations. Second generation's children usually have absorbed a lot from U. S. cultural
standards. Therefore, their experience of life in the U.S. is very di�erent from that of their parents,
and they tend to reject social expectation based on their original culture. 
Distractors:The authors' need to state that they respect their family values in every single work.
Asian American Literature focuses on family conflicts when dealing with parents/children
relationships, and this item does not respond to how di�erent the experience of parents and
children is in the U.S.The authors' need to recreate their original cultural values and principles in
writing. Asian American Literature brings the benefits of theunique countries it represents in
many di�erent ways, depending on the story's point of view (that could come from parents
and/or children).A tendency in the first generation's authors to publish books written in their
native language. This tendency is not observed in all areas of Asian American Literature.
Furthermore, it relates to the fact that the first generation's authors were not fluent in English.A
tendency to focus on adaptation problems that are common to both parents and children This
tendency is not observed in all Asian American texts and does not refer to how "first and second
generation respond di�erently to their experience in the U.S.", as stated by the question.
4  Código: 34588 - Enunciado: Many people view Eastern Countries as an indivisible whole, erasing
the di�erences between Japanese, Chinese, Korean, and Middle Eastern cultures. This notion
justifies acts of violence towards these countries, since the West is o�en depicted as more
civilized, e�ective or knowledgeable. It also hinders in-depth approaches to Asian-American
Literature.In view of this, mark the alternative that presents the concept proposed by the
postcolonial theorist Edward Said, who explains this homogenization of Eastern culture.
 a) Meritocracy.
 b) Orientalism.
 c) Spirit of Place.
 d) Diasporic Literature.
 e) American Dream.
Alternativa marcada:
b) Orientalism.
Justification: Correct answer:Orientalism. This concept refers to the homogenization of the
di�erent cultures existing in Eastern-based countries, leading to the depiction of said countries as
exotic, less civilized, dependent upon intervention, and unknowledgeable. 
Distractors:American dream. This concept refers to the notion of America as a great nation where
all men are treated fairly and equally. Therefore, if they work hard they can achieve whatever
dream they set out to achieve. Meritocracy. This concept proposes a social system based on
merit alone, disregarding the many constraints one may be confronted with depending on their
social status.Spirit of Place. This concept refers to the underlying values and beliefs that sustain a
certain social system (or place/era) and can be found throughout its literary
productions.Diasporic Literature. This concept refers to literature produced by immigrants, which
normally preserves aspects of their current living conditions, including a sense of on-going
adaptation and dislocation. 
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5  Código: 34922 - Enunciado: Amy Tan is one of the most famous Chinese American authors. In her
first novel, The Joy Luck Club (1989), a first generation character talks about her version of the
American dream. Lindo Jong discusses adaptation problems while questioning gender and
family issues:I wanted my children to have the best combination: American circumstances and
Chinese character. How could I know these two things do not mix?I taught her how American
circumstances work. If you are born poor here, it's no lasting shame. You are first in line for a
scholarship. If the roof crashes on your head, no need to cry over this bad luck. You can sue
anybody, make the landlord fix it. You do not have to sit like a Buddha under a tree letting
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pigeons drop their dirty business on your head. You can buy an umbrella. Or go inside a Catholic
church. In America, nobody says you have to keep the circumstances somebody else gives
you.She learned these things, but I couldn't teach her about Chinese character. How to obey
parents and listen to your mother's mind. How not to show your own thoughts... (TAN, 1989, p.
289).Can you use this excerpt in your English class as a means of discussing migrancy issues? 
 a) Yes, but only if my students present generational clash issues.
 b) No, because migrancy issues are distant from Brazilian realities.
 c) Yes, it is a relevant issue and may be a part of students' lives.
 d) No, because migrancy is not directly discussed in this excerpt.
 e) Yes, but only if I have some Chinese students in my classroom.
Alternativa marcada:
c) Yes, it is a relevant issue and may be a part of students' lives.
Justification: Correct answer:Yes, it is a relevant issue and may be a part of students'
lives. Migrancy a�ects the Brazilian reality in many di�erent ways, considering the internal
migratory movements existing in our country that may separate families and originate various
levels of success expectations among family generations, as well as prejudice and invisibilization.
Therefore, it is a relevant issue and some students share experiences that identify with this topic. 
Distractors:Yes, but only if I have some Chinese students in my classroom. Incorrect: The Chinese
contextualization presented by the text o�ers an opportunity for teachers to discuss intercultural
contexts, which is a part of the English language teaching mission and of literature inclusion in
the curriculum.No, because migrancy is not directly discussed in this excerpt. Incorrect: The
theme discussed by the excerpt goes beyond generation clash to portray the social context of
migration in which such clash occurs. Migration is a relevant topic, internationally and within the
Brazilian reality. Therefore, it can be discussed in class.No, because migrancy issues are distant
from Brazilian realities. Incorrect: Migrancy a�ects the Brazilian reality in many di�erent ways,
considering the internal migratory movements existing in our country that may separate families
and originate various levels of success expectations among family generations, as well as
prejudice and invisibilization. Therefore, it is a relevant issue and some students share
experiences that identify with this topic.Yes, but only if my students present generational clash
issues. Incorrect: The theme discussed by the excerpt goes beyond generation clash to portray
the social expectations that lead to generational clash. These social expectations are relevant and
can be discussed in class.
6  Código: 34593 - Enunciado: In Song of Myself, Walt Whitman resorts to the simple and
democratic style that made him famous. Check the excerpt below:I celebrate myself, and sing
myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to
you (1856, n/d). 
This poem can be classified as:
 a) Puritan, due to its strict representation of discipline values.
 b) Realist, due to its portray of the poet's social condition.
 c) Romantic, due to its observed focus on individualism.
 d) Naturalist, due to its animalized approach to humans.
 e) Postmodernist, due to its innovative structure and theme.
Alternativa marcada:
c) Romantic, due to its observed focus on individualism.
Justification: Correct answer:Romantic, due to its observed focus on individualism. The excerpt
celebrates the self and the author's personas, placing a focus on subjectivity and individualism,
both characteristics of Romanticism. 
Distractors:Realist, due to its portrayal of the poet's social condition. The excerpt does not
indicate the poet's social condition, but emphasizes aspects which are a part of any human
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being;Naturalist, due to its animalized approach to humans. The excerpt does not construct
humans as biological animals, but as belonging to a broader, transcendental community, as
stated in "for every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you".Postmodernist, due to its
innovative structure and theme. The excerpt uses simple, unsophisticated language — one of the
traits that made Walt Whitman famous since readers could better identify with his poetry.Puritan,
due to its strict representation of discipline values. The excerpt does not promote discipline
and/or rigid moral values, but connection and experience-based truths.
7  Código: 34981 - Enunciado: The Color Purple (1982), by Alice Walker, is a novel composed
exclusively by letters — an epistolary novel. It brings the quest for freedom and literacy to a
contemporary context in the story of Celie, a gravely abused Black girl, who, by the age of 14, has
already beenraped and pregnant more than once. Read the following excerpt: 
DEAR GOD,He act like he canʼt stand me no more. Say Iʼm evil an always up to no good. He took
my other little baby, a boy this time.But I donʼt think he kilt it. I think he sold it to a man an his
wife over Monticello. I got breasts full of milk running down myself. He say Why donʼt you look
decent? Put on something. But what Iʼm sposed to put on? I donʼt have nothing.I keep hoping he
fine somebody to marry. I see him looking at my little sister. She scared. But I say Iʼll take care of
you.With God help (WALKER, 1982, p.10). 
Create a high-school English teaching activity based on The Color Purple, considering its literary
and linguistic/stylistic analysis. Use the pre-reading, reading and post-reading format.
Resposta:
Week 1 - Present students with a snippet of a documentary about segregation and slavery
in the US ask their opinions and if they have any similarities or di�erencies with Brazil.
Present students with the book, pre-chose some excerpts to read with the students and
discuss in groups, expect to hear their thoughts and opinions on the topic. Do some
reflective work with reading comprehension questions analising the language used, ask
them is the text shows correct grammar or if it presents mistakes, and what reason the
author might have for those mistakes.
Week 2 - Read one more letter from the book and have students draw up a dra� with
topics to be discussed on their letter. Practice writing a letter and then adding the
"mistakes" to make the letter more realistic and similar to the book.
Justification: Expected answer:Students are expected to use the provided excerpt in the
construction of activity following the pre-reading, reading, and post-reading format. The activity
should consider aspects of the African-American contemporary production in Literature, the
quest for freedom and literacy, and linguistic/stylistic items available in the poem, as presented
below:Pre-reading: Teachers present students an audiovisual newsflash, simple in vocabulary,
introducing the topic of domestic violence. If possible, it should include statistic on the most
a�ected social groups according to age, ethnicity, and family income. A�er helping with
vocabulary issues, teachers promote a debate on the topic, around the question: “How can being
abused a�ect a personʼs destiny?”Reading: Teachers present the excerpt from The Color Purple.
They ask students to identify non-standard vocabulary and syntax constructions, as well as their
standard counterparts. A�er that, they introduce the notion of an African-American Vernacular
English and its importance. The class discusses the main characterʼs position and the e�ects of
being subjected to this kind of violence around the question: “Even if she is not a slave, how can
the Black population past still be a�ecting her access to literacy and freedom?”Post-reading:
Teachers ask students to reflect and share their thoughts on how this theme applies to Brazilian
reality. A�er that, the class searches online, in groups, for support projects and initiatives in
Brazil. As a follow-up activity, they can organize a school campaign against domestic violence
and racism.
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Código: 34934 - Enunciado: Postmodernism was a broad philosophical movement that
influenced arts, architecture, linguistics, education, and criticism. It introduced relativism: every
piece of human work is constrained by social, cultural, economic, ethical, and psychological
contexts; therefore, final analyses, proposing “the truth”, become impossible. It also considered
historical constraints and developments: no work of art can be new.Because of this, describe
three characteristics of postmodernism that have a�ected American literature. 
Resposta:
The artistic movement posmodernism, developed during the mid twentieth century served as a
rejection of modernism and as many other artistic movements influenced American literature
some characteristis of that influence are:
1. Many authors from di�erent backgrounds were emerging throughout the US a�er the
american Civil Rights movement, such as African Americans, Chicano lit., LGBT, etc.
2. Minority writers were being recognized for their work.
3. Led to the revision of the North-American canon which led to the study of specific
periodization of minority literature.
Justification: Expected answer:- Postmodernist views led to a higher sense of responsibility
towards the U.S. foreign policy strategies – the countryʼs impacts in the world, opening the path
to critical, satirical, and politically-motivated works.- A�er 1945, the Civil Rights Movement,
culminating with the Civil Rights Act (1964), influenced the inclusion of minority group authors
(such as African Americans, Latinos, and the LGBTQIA+ population), leading to an increase in
diversity when it came to canon representation.- Postmodernist views led to deep
experimentation with style, structure, and themes that were not considered by authors of
previous periods.- Postmodernist theories welcomed a revision of the classical North-American
canon that led to the study of a specific periodization for minority literature such as African
American Literature.- Postmodernist relativism opened the path for many minority writers to
become recognized by prestigious literary awards and publishing houses.