1 Zero and First Conditionals

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Zero and First Conditional
Activity based on your Student’s book page 71. 
Martinez, R.; McBeth, C.; Tiberio, S.C.; On the Beat 3. Macmillan: 2017
Open your student’s book on page 71
Check exercise Grammar “A”. 
They are Zero Conditional sentences. 
Underline all the verbs in the simple present form. 
After you finished, analyze the similarity between the sentences. 
Open your student’s book on page 71
Now, do exercise Grammar “B”. 
They are First Conditional Sentences. 
Underline the will + infinitive forms and simple present verb forms. 
When you finish, analyze the similarities between the sentences. 
Grammar “A” - Answer Key
Grammar “B” - Answer Key
simple present verb form will + infinitive form
Open your student’s book on page 71
Analyze the 2 sentences below:
If astronauts spill a liquid, it floats in bubbles.
If we use too much water for washing, we won’t have enough water to drink. 
There is a difference in meaning/intention between the sentences. What do you think it is? Which sentence shows more certainty?
Now, do exercise Grammar “C” on page 71. - Complete the rules. 
Grammar C (p. 71) Answer Key
Conditionals
What are conditionals in English grammar? 
Sometimes we call them 'if clauses'. 
We use them to relate cause and consequence, to talk about an act that leads to a certain consequence (or vice-versa - a consequence caused by a certain act). 
That is why they are considered “if clauses” - if a certain thing happens, it can lead to a consequence. It is the probability of this consequence happening or not that defines which conditional you are going to use. 
The cause is the “if clause”, and the second clause is the consequence or result (the main clause).
For now, we are going to study Zero Conditional and First Conditional. 
Adapted from: Perfect English Grammar. Available at: https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/conditionals.html Accessed on 08/11/2020.
The Zero Conditional 
We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause'):
If + present simple, .... present simple.
Zero conditional is used when the result is 100% sure. We can use it to describe facts. 
For that reason, it is useful to describe scientific facts that have been proved or to describe things that are always true. 
Example:
If water reaches 100 ºC, it boils. 
It's a fact. (I'm talking in general, considering the laws of physics in an ideal situation at sea level, not about one particular situation in a different context). 
Adapted from: Perfect English Grammar. Available at: https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/zero-conditional.html Accessed on 08/11/2020.
The Zero Conditional 
In zero conditional sentences, the result of the 'if clause' is always the main clause.
For example: If water reaches 100 ºC at sea level, it boils. 
(It is always true, there can't be a different result sometimes). 
If I eat almonds, I am sick. 
(This is true only for me, maybe, not for everyone, but it's still true that I'm sick every time I eat almonds).
Here are some more examples:
If you touch a fire, you get burned.
People die if they don't drink water.
You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.
Adapted from: Perfect English Grammar. Available at: https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/zero-conditional.html Accessed on 08/11/2020.
Open your book on page 70
Do exercise grammar “D” - Zero Conditional rules
Answer key
 rains >>>>> grow
(simple present >>>>> simple present)
Now, do exercise 1 on the same page. Remember that Zero Conditional is
present simple + present simple (watch out for sentences on the 3rd person singular!)
Exercise 1 p. 71 - Answer Key
The First Conditional 
The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then will + infinitive (future simple) in the other clause:
if + present simple, ... will + infinitive
It's used to talk about things that will probably happen in the future, with high chances of becoming true. 
Of course, we can't know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true.
If I study, I'll learn.
She'll be late if the train is delayed.
She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.
If you eat too much chocolate, you’ll put on weight.
Adapted from: Perfect English Grammar. Available at: https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/first-conditional.html Accessed on 08/11/2020.
The First Conditional 
The first conditional describes things that I think are likely to happen in the future when I have evidence to believe this is a possible consequence. 
If it rains during the summer, there won’t be a water shortage.
(there is evidence that if it rains enough, the dams will be full and there will be enough water, but we cannot be a 100% sure that there won’t be a different problem).
If they find a vaccine for COVID-19, we will go back to our normal lives.
(There is strong evidence that they will find a vaccine, but we cannot be a 100 % sure that the world will be the same).
If you exercise every day, you’ll get healthier. 
(There is strong evidence that exercising is good for you, but you cannot be a 100% sure that it will increase your health, it might only keep it the same). 
Adapted from: Perfect English Grammar. Available at: https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/first-conditional.html Accessed on 08/11/2020.
Open your book on page 70
Do exercise grammar “D” - First Conditional rules
Answer key
 study >>>>> will pass
(simple present >>>>> future simple)
 will + infinitive
Now, do exercise 2 on the same page. Remember that First Conditional is
present simple + will + infinitive (watch out for sentences on the 3rd person singular for the present simple!)
Exercise 2 p. 71 - Answer Key
First vs. Zero Conditional:
The first conditional describes a particular situation, whereas the zero conditional describes what happens in general.
For example, there is scientific evidence that UV light from the sun has effects on human skin…
(zero conditional): If you sit in the sun, you get burned (here I'm talking about every time a person sits in the sun - the burning is a natural consequence of sitting in the sun without protection).
But imagine it’s too hot today, there is not a single cloud in the sky, I analyze the situation and there is evidence that... 
(first conditional)If you sit in the sun, you'll get burned (here I'm talking about what will happen today, another day it might be different).
Adapted from: Perfect English Grammar. Available at: https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/first-conditional.html Accessed on 08/11/2020.
If clause in the sentence
Open your book on page 71 and do exercise Grammar “E”. Then, click to check the answer. 
If clause in the sentence
You can invert the order of an “if clause”, but if it comes first, it is separated from the main clause by a comma. If it comes later, no comma is needed.
We can say:
If it rains, I won’t go to the beach.
or
I won’t go to the beach if it rains.
We can say:
If you heat ice, it melts. 
or
Ice melts if you heat it. 
Now, do activity 2 on Google classroom.