EXERCÍCIO SEMANTICA INGLES MERONYMY ENTAILMENT HYPONYM

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1. When we read a passage such as Gollum ended up losing the ring, it becomes immediately clear to us that Gollum had once been in possession of the ring. Is this information – that the ring had been in Gollum’s possession before – a pragmatic implicature or a semantic entailment? Justify your answer.
A: This information is a semantic entailment because the definition of lose is “to no longer have something you had before”.
2. Is entailment a semantic or a pragmatic phenomenon? Explain.
	A: An entailment is a semantic phenomenon because it does not depend on context but on the explicit meaning in the sentence.
3. Consider the following sentence, taken from a document on community design standards:
If it is a porch, it must have a roof.
If we take it to be true that any porch must have a roof, what is the sense relation established between the lexemes porch and roof? Explain this relation and provide another example of a monolexemic pair which illustrates it.
	A: Meronymy. The meronymy is a semantic relation between a meronym denoting a part (such as “cleat”) and a holonym (such as “boat”) denoting a whole.
4. From what perspective does it make sense to say that a hyponym includes its hypernym? And from what perspective does it make sense to say that a hypernym includes its hyponym?
From what perspective does it make sense to say that a hyponym includes its hypernym? 
A: sense
And from what perspective does it make sense to say that a hypernym includes its hyponym? A: extension