LEITURA_E_REDACAO_EM_LINGUA_INGLESA aula 7

Prévia do material em texto

- -1
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA 
INGLESA
ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND 
INFORMALITY IN WRITING
- -2
Olá!
In the end of lesson, the student should be able to:
1. Know how to write letters and e-mails using formal and informal language;
2. recognize the most common expressions employed in different letters and e-mails;
3. establish the degrees of formality and informality in writing.
Formal and informal writing
In this class, it is very important to understand the differences between formal and informal language in writing.
A scale from informal to formal language
Informality or attempts to mirror the spoken language is most obvious in the encoded informality of sms
messages or e-mails which use many spoken language forms and where rufes of grammar and capitalization are
often ignored. A linguagem informal será usada em gêneros que pressupõem um grau de informalidade como
mensagens no sms ou e-mails onde as regras da gramática e a pontuação são geralmente ignoradas.
A scale from informal to formal language
These informal aspects occur when we are using the technology to communicate fast. At the other end of this
scale of informality formality there are the pieces of "polished" written work which may go into a student
portfolio for evaluation, for example.
CHAT 
Tom, why are you looking so pessimistic about this issue??? The more you know the
more it hurts... in my opinion the more you know the better...You don't tell "secrets" that
friends have told you to others, NO MATTER WHAT
F O R U M
DISCUSSIONS 
I thought it was very interesting that you brought this up Veronica, because I must admit
that I got so caught up in the story, that thinking of its possibilities in class never crossed
my mind.
During a lifetime we meet hundreds, if not thousands of people that will have some effect
on us. We might see some of these people only on the street for a second or two, while
others become true friends.
- -3
"PUBLISHED"
T E X T
ASSIGNMENTS 
Still, there are some people in our Eives that have been a big part of us forever, and most
people are lucky to have them in their Eives for a very long time.
Questions of Genre and Suitability
We have so far discussed text genres in terms of degrees of formality and informality. We also need to be aware
of suitability within this same scale. Native speakers of a language will more easily and automatically adjust
language to suit degrees of formality, but non-native speakers need not only to learn new vocabulary, but also be
given guidance on the appropriate use of new words.
Até agora discutimos os gêneros em termos de graus de formalidade e informalidade. Nós também necessitamos
estar conscientes da adequação nesta escala. Os nativos de uma língua ajustam a língua para os devidos graus de
formalidade mais facilmente. Mas os falantes não-nativos não precisam apenas aprender vocabulário novo. Eles
devem saber como usar estas palavras de maneira apropriada.
We had an example of a lower secondary pupil who innocently wrote to his class contact in Australia. “When |
woke up this morning, I felt like shit”. This caused na angry response from the class teatcher in Australia ans
nearly torpedoed a whole e-mailing project.
We also need to be sensitive to others' reactions to our use of language, especially in giving response, for
example in a forum discussion or e-mail exchange. The lack of the visual signals which are a natural part of a face
to face exchange makes this particularly important, since comments Which are intended to be brief may be
interpreted as brusque or hurtful.
For example in a face to face discussion we might say something like “Yes, but what about.....?” In a written
response situation this may need to be wrapped up in the form of “This is a very good idea, but have you also
considered....”
Nós também precisamos ser sensíveis às reações que encontramos ao nosso uso da língua, especialmente
quando damos respostas em um e-mail ou discussões de fórum. A falta de contato visual que é parte natural da
comunicação face a face faz com que alguns comentários possam parecer grosseiros ou ofensivos.
Sample Business Letter
3519 Front Street
Ms. Betty Johnson
Accounts Payable
The Cooking Store
765
- -4
68534
Dear Ms. Johnson:
It has come to my attention that your company, The Cooking Store, has been late with paying their invoices for
the past three months.
How to Write a Letter
The art of writing a letter takes practice, knowledge about proper form and the ability to put into words your
feelings, thoughts, and/or ideas. If you learn the basic parts of a letter, it will help you to create letters for a
variety of occasions.
Parts of the Letter
Your address
At the top of your letter, youxwwll put Your address, so the reader will know Where to send their reply to.
Date
Put the date on which the lettêr Was written in the format Month, Day, Year. i.e. June, 8, 2010.
Seu endereço
Na parte de cima da carta, coloque seu endereço.
Data
Coloque a data neste formato mês, dia, ano.
Inside Address
The inside address is only required for a business letter and will include the address of the person you are
writing to along with the name of the recipient, their title and company name. If you are not sure who the letter
should be addressed to either leave it blank or try to put in a title, i.e."Director of Human Resources”.
O endereço de quem recebe a carta
O endereço de quem recebe a carta junto com o nome, seu título e o nome da firma, só é necessário em cartas
comerciais. Se você não souber o nome da pessoa que vai ler a carta, mande apenas um título geral “Diretor dos
Recursos Humanos” ou não escreva nada.
The Greeting
The greeting will address the individual that the letter is being sent to. This is usually completed in the form of
"Dear Clara” or "Hey Sofia”, for less formal letters.
A saudação
A saudação será enviada à pessoa que vai receber a carta. Se for informal “Dear Anne', “'Hey Anne”.
The Introductory Paragraph
- -5
The first paragraph will generally outline the purpose for the letter and the reason that the letter is being sent.
This can address any issues that are outstanding and is used to set the tone for the entire rest of the letter.
Parágrafo introdutório
O primeiro parágrafo geralmente faz um resumo do propósito e da razão pela qual a carta está sendo enviada.
No primeiro parágrafo se estabelece o tom do resto da carta.
The Body
The body of the letter will expand upon the introductory paragraph and the individual can extend their thoughts
and feelings further when it comes to the letter.
The body of the letter can be anywhere from multiple pages for personal letters, to one page or two pages for
most business letters and other types of proposals.
O corpo da carta
É a expansão dos pensamentos expostos no parágrafo introdutório. O corpo pode ter várias páginas se for uma
carta pessoal ou uma ou duas páginas se for cartas comerciais ou cartas com propostas.
The Closing
In the closing of the letter, the individual will close the letter and finish any thoughts that have been x mentioned.
The closing of the letter comes in various forms from yours truly, for those individuals that are familiar with one
another, to a traditional sincerely Wwhich is a versatile losing that can be used in a variety of letters detailing
many situations.
O fechamento
No fechamento, deve-se concluir o que foi escrito no corpo. Pode ser Yours truly, para quem se conhece ou
Sincerely para situações mais gerais.
The Presentation of the Letter
The presentation of the letter can be hand-written for less formal letters that are addressed to friends and family
members, especially thank-you letters. In the case that you have illegible handwriting, you may want to consider
typing the letter in these cases, although proper etiquette dictates against this type of behavior.
Cartas podem ser manuscritas para situações menos formais, especialmente cartas de agradecimento.A letra
deve ser compreensível.
The Presentation of the Letter
Formal letters which are written on behalf of businesses to or professional contacts should remain typewritten
and grammatical and spelling error free.
- -6
These types of letters should be legible and professional and therefore typing the letter is one of the most
effective ways to ensure that the letter demonstrates a professional appearance through the entire course of the
letter, thereby creating a positive impression on the recipient of the letter.
Cartas formais são escritas para contatos comerciais e profissionais e devem ser revisadas para que não
contenham erros. Estas cartas devem ser digitadas e o tom deve ser profissional em toda a carta, criando assim
uma imagem positiva em quem a recebe.
As well as outward presentation, it is important to determine the tone which Wwill be written in the letter,
including a professional tone or a tone that will be taken with friends or family members in a more informal
setting. Read through the letter once it has been completed to ensure that the tone remains the same. The tone
can be adjusted based on the language which is used through the letter, as well as the greetings (familiar as
opposed to formal).
What come next class
•Identification of what is root, prefix and suffix;
•the recognition of false cognates;
•syntax as a resource to find meanings.
CONCLUSÃO
Nesta aula, você:
• Know how to write letters and e-mails using formal and informal language;
• recognize the most common expressions employed in different letters and e-mails;
• establish the degrees of formality and informality in writing.
Referências
http://www.letterwritingguide.com/businessletter.htm
•
•
•
http://www.letterwritingguide.com/businessletter.htm
	Olá!
	
	What come next class
	CONCLUSÃO
	Referências