SIMULADO LITERATURA NORTE-AMERICANA FORMAÇÃO

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Disc.: LITERATURA NORTE-AMERICANA: FORMAÇÃO 
Acertos: 8,0 de 10,0 03/05/2023 
 
 
 
 
1a 
 Questão 
 
Benjamin Franklin embodied the American ideal of the ¿self-made man¿. Choose the option that correctly 
explains why the latter sentence holds true: 
 
 
 Because he wrote about the daily lives of American 
people. 
 Because he worked in literature as well as in politics. 
 Because he accepted the risks of becoming an 
inventor. 
 Because he succeeded through his determination 
and industry. 
 Because he used his influence to discuss the 
problems of his time. 
Respondido em 03/05/2023 20:51:07 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Franklin is seen as a self-made man because he personifies the American ideal of someone who is born poor 
and, through his hard work, determination, and efforts, achieves success. The correct answer is thus: "Because 
he succeeded through his determination and industry". 
 
 
 
 
 
2a 
 Questão 
 
Anne Bradstreet is considered by many the first female poet in the English language. Choose the option that 
contains a common theme in her poetry: 
 
 
 the insignificance of man before the majesty of 
nature. 
 the representation of marriage without love. 
 the rejection of popular Renaissance values. 
 the depiction of a personal and domestic lifestyle. 
 the criticism of the role of women in Puritan society. 
Respondido em 03/05/2023 20:51:40 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Anne Bradstreet¿s poems are divided into two categories. The first one, the more metaphysical type brings 
scholarly references and cosmic themes. The second one has a more domestic style and narrates family life and 
portrays her personal feelings towards the Puritan community. Among the options above, the only correct one 
is: "the depiction of a personal and domestic lifestyle". 
 
 
 
 
 
3a 
 Questão 
 
"Westward expansion began in earnest in 1803. Thomas Jefferson negotiated a treaty with France in which 
the United States paid France $15 million for the Louisiana Territory - 828,000 square miles of land west of 
the Mississippi River - effectively doubling the size of the young nation. The lands acquired stretched from 
the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from the Gulf of Mexico to the Canadian border(...) 
American artists explored this new territory and chronicled the settlement of the frontier: landscapes 
extolling the nation's geographic wonders from Niagara Falls to the Grand Canyon drove and documented 
westward expansion" 
Retrieved from: https://americanexperience.si.edu/historical-
eras/expansion/#:~:text=Westward%20expansion%20began%20in%20earnest,size%20of%20the%20young%
20nation. 
 
The westward expansion was justified by a quite American doctrine: Manifest destiny. The doctrine of 
Manifest Destiny is characterized by the idea that: 
 
 
 Democracy was the founding principle of the 
country. 
 Christianity should be the official religion of the US. 
 Nationalism was to be the central feature of the 
nation. 
 Capitalism is considered the best economic system. 
 Territorial expansion over North America is a divine 
right. 
Respondido em 03/05/2023 20:52:17 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Answer: Territorial expansion over North America is a divine right. 
Feedback: According to the doctrine of Manifest Destiny, the US was destined by God to spread its population 
all over North America, bringing their values to new territories (which were considered underdeveloped). The 
correct answer is then: "territorial expansion over North America is a divine right". 
 
 
 
 
 
4a 
 Questão 
 
Transcendentalism entails a new way to experience America through numerous spheres: philosophical, 
political, religious, and, especially, literary. The notion of the "self" is important to transcendentalists 
because: 
 
 
 it legitimizes the material world. 
 it helps to understand the universe. 
 it reinforces logical explanations. 
 it relates to nationalist principles. 
 it justifies the existence of religion. 
Respondido em 03/05/2023 20:59:37 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Answer: it helps to understand the universe. 
Feedback: According to transcendentalism, by understanding and being true to your own self, it is possible to 
grasp and have better access to the mysteries of nature and the universe. While one is the micro (self), the other 
is the macro (universe). The self then helps to understand the universe. 
 
 
 
 
 
5a 
 Questão 
 
For, borne on the night-wind of the Past, 
Through all our history, to the last, 
In the hour of darkness and peril and need, 
The people will waken and listen to hear 
The hurrying hoof-beats of that steed, 
And the midnight message of Paul Revere. 
 
Retrieved from: LONGFELLOW, Henry Wadsworth. Paul Revere's Ride (1860). Available at: 
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44637/the-landlords-tale-paul-reveres-ride 
 
Above one can read the final verses of the famous Longfellow poem, "Paul Revere's Ride". Thinking about 
Longfellow's innovative writing, we can say that "Paul Revere's Ride"... 
 
 
 ... is a great example of the first American epics, 
written solely by Longfellow, who was tired out of 
the European traditional forms of poetry. 
 ... is a bad example of how Longfellow assessed the 
mythical past of the nation he was trying to construct 
together with his readers. 
 ... is a great example of the new rhythm of American 
poetry, embodied in the combination of past and 
present stories reverberating with European 
tradition. 
 ... is a great example of how narrative devices are 
introduced into Longfellow¿s poetry in order to 
establish a mythical past for America. 
 ... is an example of the European conventions of 
poetry that Longfellow was fond of in his early 
writing career. 
Respondido em 03/05/2023 21:13:20 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Answer: ... is a great example of how narrative devices are introduced into Longfellow¿s poetry in order to 
establish a mythical past for America. 
Feedback: Paul Revere's ride refers to the famous XIX century horse ride in which, during the middle of the 
night, he was responsible for alerting the American villages on the shore of New England about the upcoming 
British army on their ships at sea. Longfellow choses a story which was already starting to settle in the collective 
mythical imaginary past of the United States. By doing this he develops narrative devices into poetry, writing 
them under the rhythmic gallop of the irregular metric, allowing the poet to sum up the events which he 
managed to depict throughout his poem in a concise manner. It is thus a great example of how narrative devices 
are introduced into Longfellow's poetry in order to establish a mythical past for America. 
 
 
 
 
 
6a 
 Questão 
 
"The fireside poets (also called the "schoolroom" or "household" poets) were the first group of American 
poets to rival British poets in popularity in either country. Today their verse may seem more Victorian in 
sensibility than romantic, perhaps overly sentimental or moralizing in tone, but as a group they are notable 
for their scholarship, political sensibilities, and the resilience of their lines and themes." 
Retrieved from: https://poets.org/text/brief-guide-fireside-poets 
 
Relate the excerpt above, from a biographical article written by the editors of the website Poets.org, with the 
alternative that correctly points out the means used by the Fireside Poets to better send their message across 
the United States and overseas. 
 
 
 The Firesides' international success relied on a small 
amount of poetry published again and again in 
different magazines throughout many different 
months. 
 
The Firesides' international success relied on writing 
comfortable poetry and its publishing in magazines, 
such as The Atlantic Monthly, guaranteeing its wide 
broadcast. 
 The Firesides' international success relied on the 
frequent reissuingof large collections of poems, 
which could be bought at an accessible price by 
anyone who wanted them. 
 The Firesides' international success relied on their 
investments on magazines abroad, especially in 
Great Britain, where most of their poems were 
published first. 
 The Firesides' international success relied on their 
rejection of the American ideal of a nation, they 
solely relied on European conventions in order to 
write their poems. 
Respondido em 03/05/2023 21:24:15 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Answer: The Firesides' international success relied on writing comfortable poetry and its publishing in 
magazines, such as The Atlantic Monthly, guaranteeing its wide broadcast. 
Feedback: The "fireside" poems were largely regarded as a comfortable reading, didactic and educative as well. 
Besides that, having one of its most prominent members as the chief editor of The Atlantic Monthly helped a lot 
in the task of producing and broadcasting a coherent body of poetry interested in the same purpose of 
educating the nation towards a European standard of poetry reading - introducing Americans to common poetic 
conventions and forms, as well as writing accessible poetry to be read to the whole family by the fire side . 
 
 
 
 
 
7a 
 Questão 
 
"Based on a true story, Herman Melville's 1855 novella Benito Cereno follows American Captain Amasa 
Delano¿s discovery of a ship he first believes to be in distress before realizing, over the course of the same 
day, that a slave revolt has taken place on it." 
Source: https://www.litcharts.com/lit/benito-cereno/summary 
 
Which points of view are present in Melville's novella? 
 
 
 Delano's and Cereno's. 
 Alexandro Aranda's 
 Babo's and Atufal's. 
 Delano's crew's. 
 Spanish sailors's. 
Respondido em 03/05/2023 21:19:27 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
The story is told through the point of view of the captains Delano, American, and Cereno, Spanish. Alexandro 
Aranda, the owner and master, was killed by the rebels; Babo and Atufal are the negro leaders, with no voice in 
the narrative, as well as the Spanish sailors. Delano¿s crew was involved in the action but did not tell the story 
themselves. 
 
 
 
 
 
8a 
 Questão 
 
Dark Romanticism was a reaction to Transcendentalism. Choose the alternative that contains what 
Transcendentalism believed in: 
 
 
 
human goodness. 
 human predisposition to sin. 
 human tendency to evil. 
 human fallibility. 
 human wish to self-destruction. 
Respondido em 03/05/2023 21:17:26 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Transcendentalists believed in human goodness and the possibility of achieving perfection through human's own 
divinity. The other alternatives are all true for Dark Romanticism. 
 
 
 
 
 
9a 
 Questão 
 
One of the main characters in Edith Wharton's The Age of Innocence is Countess Ellen Olenska, who returns 
to New York after years of living in Venice, Italy, with her husband, the Polish Count Olenski. The marriage 
had been a disaster, given that her partner, in addition to taking all her fortune and being an aggressive man, 
betrayed her with another woman. For that reason, she decides to leave and divorce the European noble. 
 
Based on the relationship described between the characters, choose the correct alternative: 
 
 
 Marriage is an institution that was experiencing 
major ascent at the time, in contrast to Ellen's 
relationship. 
 Italy is a setting that represents a new perspective 
for the institutions of nobility, unlike other countries. 
 Ellen's trip represents the advance of North 
American culture in relation to that of Europe. 
 Ellen's title of nobility represents a society that 
changes but remains trapped in the privileges of the 
past. 
 Count Olenski is a symbol of the evolution of 
nobility¿s values in contrast to urban development. 
Respondido em 03/05/2023 21:10:56 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Ellen is a character filled with conflicts and contradictions in Edith Wharton's novel. While she represents the 
ideals of freedom and autonomy of women in the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, she also represents the 
maintenance of nobility's privileges by the New Yorker high society, even though its members stood against the 
aristocratic structure. Ellen's title of nobility, therefore, represents a society that changes but remains trapped in 
the privileges of the past. 
 
 
 
 
 
10a 
 Questão 
 
The Age of Innocence is one of the most important novels in modern American literature and a masterpiece 
by Edith Wharton. Not coincidentally, the book won the 1921 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, making the writer the 
first woman to win the award. The story takes place in Gilded Age New York City, marked by profound 
socioeconomic changes, at the end of the 19th century. 
 
Among the innovations brought by the novel, we can highlight: 
 
 
 The experimentation of the population's language, 
constituted by European immigrants. 
 The presentation of characters in crisis with their 
family's past. 
 The use of literary techniques never utilized in North 
American literature. 
 The realist perception as a result of the articulation 
between social and psychological perspectives. 
 The discussion on the limits of the less privileged 
classes in economic terms. 
Respondido em 03/05/2023 21:18:07 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Although influenced by Henry James, Edith Wharton deepened her "sense of imprisonment" by retaking, within 
the social conventions of the North American upper middle class, the struggles experienced by women in 
society, trying to occupy their position according to their desires and thoughts. In this novel, social realism is 
combined with psychological realism, as we are introduced to the characters' internal conflicts to understand 
the motivation of their actions.