Slides de Aula Unidade II - Lingua Inglesa - Produção e Interpretação de Texto

Prévia do material em texto

Profa. Ma. Simone Gonzalez
UNIDADE II
Língua Inglesa: 
Compreensão e 
Produção de Textos
 Tenha sempre em mãos no mínimo uma boa gramática da língua inglesa e a consulte 
sempre que tiver alguma dúvida sobre a gramática normativa.
 Como profissional da educação, esse é um hábito que deve ser cultivado.
 Nas referências bibliográficas dos Planos de Ensino das disciplinas de língua inglesa, você 
encontra excelentes sugestões de gramáticas.
English grammar
Habits and routines:
1. I always take a shower in the morning.
2. He works for UNIP.
3. Janice runs every Saturday and Sunday.
True facts:
1. Water boils at 100º centigrades.
2. Sport activities help our bodies keep healthy.
To talk about what you like, want or need:
1. I like listening to music.
2. I want to get a new car.
3. Everybody needs love.
Verb tense: Simple Present – uses
Mental perceptions and emotions:
1. I think English is a beautiful and easy language.
2. I feel something strange in the air.
3. I realize he is lying to you.
Possessions:
1. Tom has 3 notebooks!
2. I have a son.
Verb tense: Simple Present – uses
 I celebrate I don’t agree Do I work?
 You celebrate You don’t agree Do you work?
 He celebrates He doesn’t agree Does he work?
 She celebrates She doesn’t agree Does she work?
 It celebrates It doesn’t agree Does it work?
 We celebrate We don’t agree Do we work?
 You celebrate You don’t agree Do you work?
 They celebrate They don’t agree Do they work?
Examples:
 Do they go to school by bus?
 Does she like to watch soap operas?
 I don’t work anymore. I’m retired.
 Karla doesn’t speak English but she speaks Russian fluently.
Verb tense: Simple Present – affirmative/negative/interrogative
Adding -s to a verb
VERB IN THE BASE FORM SPELLING
Verbs ending in: ss, x, z, ch, sh
brush + es = brushes
watch + es = watches
discuss + es = discusses
fix + es = fixes
Verbs ending in a consonant + y
worry + ies = worries
bury + ies = buries
cry + ies = cries
Irregular forms:
do
go
have
does
goes
has
 I am – I’m Am I? I am not
 You are – You’re Are you? You are not – You aren’t
 He is – He’s Is he? He is not – He isn’t
 She is – She’s Is she? She is not – She isn’t
 It is – It’s Is it? It is not – It isn’t
 We are – We’re Are we? We are not – We aren’t
 You are – You’re Are you? You are not – You aren’t
 They are – They’re Are they? They are not – They aren’t
Examples:
 You are wrong!
 Is he a doctor?
 They aren’t here at the moment.
Verb BE – Simple Present
 Fireflies are just one type of bioluminescent species.
 Fireflies are probably the most popular of these species, 
but they're definitely not alone in their ability to light up. 
Most of their bioluminescent peers live in the ocean so 
people don't have as much contact with them. 
(In: https://www.ecowatch.com/12-fascinating-facts-about-fireflies-1891169972.html) 
Simple Present in head news:
 Gandhi's glasses sell for £260,000 in UK auction. (The Indian 
Guardian Sat 22 Aug 2020)
 10 of the world’s most beautiful libraries open to the public. 
(The Independent Sun 23 Aug 2020)
Simple Present – examples
In: https://pixabay.com/pt/illustrations/firefly-besouro-
luminoso-besouro-5492526/
 Synopsis

 A little prince steals a magical 
ring from a fairy queen in order 
to defeat a wicked dragon. 
Simple Present – examples
By Rob Tornoe
In: https://www.inquirer.com/health/coronavirus/coronavirus-covid-19-kids-
working-home-school-daycare-closed-survive-games-help20200320.html
In: storyerries.com
Verb tense: Present Progressive – uses
USE EXAMPLE
Actions happening 
in the moment of the 
speech
I am giving a class now.
You are watching to this class.
Repeated actions Mothers are always telling us what to do!
Future use: 
expresses 
uncompleted 
actions
She is pregnant so she said she is moving to 
a bigger house before the baby is born.
I am finishing the report by the end of the 
month. (I am finishing = future = the report is 
not finished yet)
 I am reading I am not cooking Am I studying?
 You are reading You aren’t cooking Are you studying?
 He is reading He isn’t cooking Is he studying?
 She is reading She isn’t cooking Is she studying?
 It is reading It isn’t cooking Is it studying?
 We are reading We aren’t cooking Are we studying?
 You are reading You aren’t cooking Are you studying?
 They are reading They aren’t cooking Are they studying?
Verb tense: Present Progressive – affirmative/negative/interrogative
 Song: Tom’s Diner, by Suzanne Vega
 I am sitting in the morning at the diner on the corner
 I am waiting at the counter for the man to pour the coffee
 And he fills it only halfway and before I even argue
 He is looking out the window at somebody coming in (= somebody who is coming in)
 “It is always nice to see you” says the man behind the counter
 To the woman who has come in she is shaking her umbrella
 And I look the other way as they are kissing their hellos
 I’m pretending not to see them and instead I pour the milk.
Present Progressive – examples 
 With the pandemic, 
people are experiencing
a different way of life that 
may become the norm in 
most of the planet. 
Present Progressive – examples
In: https://www.seattletimes.com/opinion/mom-is-the-coronavirus-over-yet/
 Verbs which express feelings and emotions: like, love, hate, prefer, want, need;
 Verbs which express mental states: think, believe, understand, forget, remember, know;
 Verbs which express senses: hear, see, smell, taste, feel, sound;
 Verbs which express possession: belong, own, have.
Non-progressive verbs
The sentences below are all in the Present Progressive Tense and all of them are expressing 
future, except:
a) Next Saturday I am taking my two-year-old son to ZooMania.
b) After the zoo we are visiting my grandmother.
c) We are leaving home in 20 minutes.
d) She is having a nap right now. Please, do not disturb her.
e) Brenda is spending her next vacation in her hometown.
Interatividade
Resposta
The sentences below are all in the Present Progressive Tense and all of them are expressing 
future, except:
a) Next Saturday I am taking my two-year-old son to ZooMania.
b) After the zoo we are visiting my grandmother.
c) We are leaving home in 20 minutes.
d) She is having a nap right now. Please, do not disturb her.
e) Brenda is spending her next vacation in her hometown.
Expresses the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past:
 He crashed his car last night on Rebouças Ave. Fortunately, he did not get hurt.
 I lived in London for almost two years.
Expresses habits of the past. In that case “used to” is a nice option:
 I was very good at playing basketball when I was in my twenties.
OR
 I used to be a very good basketball player when I was in my twenties.
Describes facts that are no longer true:
 In the fifties, Tietê River had clean waters.
Verb tense: Simple Past – uses
Regular verbs: Irregular verbs:
 need – needed bring – brought
 like – liked take – took
 jump – jumped go – went
 study – studied does – did
 live – lived have – had
 crash – crashed read – read
put – put 
meet – met
sit – sat
Simple Past – regular and irregular verbs
 I spoke I didn’t tell Did I buy?
 You spoke You didn’t tell Did you buy?
 He spoke He didn’t tell Did he buy?
 She spoke She didn’t tell Did she buy? 
 It spoke It didn’t tell Did it buy?
 We spoke We didn’t tell Did we buy?
 You spoke You didn’t tell Did you buy?
 They spoke They didn’t tell Did they buy?
Examples:
 Did Brazil conquer the World Football Cup in 2010?
 She didn’t cast a party last month to celebrate her 15th birthday 
because her father did not have money to pay for it. But they 
celebrated with a cake.
Verb tense: Simple Past – affirmative/negative/interrogative
 I was Was I? I was not– I wasn’t
 You were Were you? You were not – You weren’t
 He was Was he? He was not – He wasn’t
 She was Was she? She was not – She wasn’t
 It was Was it? It was not – It wasn’t
 We were Were we? We were not – We weren’t
 You were Were you? You were not – You weren’t
 They were Were they? They were not – They weren’t
Examples:
 Marilyn Monroe was a gorgeous woman.
 Freddie Mercury and Pavarotti were great singers.
 Was he at the meeting?
 I wasn’t aware of the problem.
Verb BE – Simple Past 
Largest cities in Brazil (population)
 The largest city in Brazil is São Paulo. It had a population of over 11.9 million in 2016.
 Rio de Janeiro, the city which received the largest number of tourists in 2019, is the country’s 
second city. Between 1793 and 1960, Rio was the capital city of Brazil.
 Salvador, which held the title of Brazil’s first capital city, is currently the third largest city in 
Brazil.
 The current capital city, Brasilia, is one of the newest capital cities in the world; its 
construction was masterminded by the Brazilian Government and the majority of the city was
constructed between 1956 and 1960. Brasilia is the fourth largest city in Brazil.
Simple Past – examples
In: https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/brazil-population
Life Is Fine
by Langston Hughes
 I went down to the river, I sat down on the bank.
 I tried to think but couldn't, So I jumped in and sank.
 I came up once and hollered! 
 I came up twice and cried! 
 If that water hadn't a-been so cold 
 I might've sunk and died.
 But it was cold in that water! It was cold! 
 (…)
Simple Past – examples
In: https://www.poetrysoup.com/famous/poem/life_is_fine_3810
 Biography: Edson Arantes "Pelé" Nascimento
 October 23, 1940 – Present
 Birthplace: Três Corações, Brazil
 Edson Arantes do Nascimento (better known as Pelé) is known as a legend and the best 
soccer player. He grew up in a very poor family. His parents were Dondinho and Celeste 
Nascimento. He first learned the game of soccer from his father, Dondinho, who was a decent 
center forward until he had a fractured leg. 
 Pelé began playing soccer for a local minor club when he was 
a teenager. When he wasn't playing soccer he shined shoes 
for pennies. Waldemar de Brito, one of the country’s premier 
players, discovered Pelé when he was 11 years old.
Simple Past – examples
In: http://www.latinosportslegends.com/Pele_bio.htm
 Is RJ the largest city in Brazil?
 Does São Paulo have a large population?
 Does Pelé play soccer?
 Is Pelé from Manaus?
 Did RJ receive many tourists in 2019?
 Was Salvador Brazil’s first capital city?
 Where did Pelé begin to play soccer?
 When did Waldemar de Brito discover Pelé?
Simple Present and Simple Past – questions
The sentences below present facts about Brazil 2010 census, but one of them has a grammar 
mistake. Find it.
a) Whites fell from 53.7% of the population in 2000 to 47.7% in 2010.
b) The 2010 census showed rising social indicators as a result of economic growth, but also 
highlighted enduring inequalities. 
c) Adult illiteracy fell from 13.6% to 9.6%, according to the 2010 census.
d) Access to drinking water, electricity and sanitation increased nationwide, according to the 
2010 census.
e) IBGE said more than half of the population earns less than 
the minimum wage between 2000 and 2010.
Interatividade
Resposta
The sentences below present facts about Brazil 2010 census, but one of them has a grammar 
mistake. Find it.
a) Whites fell from 53.7% of the population in 2000 to 47.7% in 2010.
b) The 2010 census showed rising social indicators as a result of economic growth, but also 
highlighted enduring inequalities. 
c) Adult illiteracy fell from 13.6% to 9.6%, according to the 2010 census.
d) Access to drinking water, electricity and sanitation increased nationwide, according to the 
2010 census.
e) IBGE said more than half of the population earns less than 
the minimum wage between 2000 and 2010.
Verb tense: Past Progressive – uses 
PAST PROGRESSIVE 
EXAMPLE USE
I was taking a shower when the 
telephone rang. I figured it could 
be from the hospital so I 
interrupted my shower and 
answered. 
The action in the past progressive 
(was taking a shower) was in 
process and was interrupted by 
another action (telephone rang).
Were you paying attention when 
she gave the instructions 
for the test?
Paying attention was necessary 
during all the class; giving 
instructions happened in a 
specific moment.
The women were taking care of 
the children in the backyard while
the men were playing cards by 
the swimming pool.
Actions happened simultaneously.
 I was reading I wasn’t cooking Was I studying?
 You were reading You weren’t cooking Were you studying?
 He was reading He wasn’t cooking Was he studying?
 She was reading She wasn’t cooking Was she studying?
 It was reading It wasn’t cooking Was it studying?
 We were reading We weren’t cooking Were we studying?
 You were reading You weren’t cooking Were you studying?
 They were reading They weren’t cooking Were they studying?
Verb tense: Past Progressive – affirmative/negative/interrogative
Past Progressive – examples 
In: https://www.learnwithcomics.com/2014/09/the-past-continuous-story.html
Past Progressive – examples 
In: https://www.learnwithcomics.com/2014/09/the-past-continuous-story.html
The wise woman and the hats (unknown author)
 Once upon a time a wise woman went to give a lecture in a faraway town. As she began to 
speak, she looked around the hall at the twenty or so people in her audience and she noticed 
something rather strange. 
 They were all wearing hats. And very remarkable hats! (…)
Past Progressive – examples 
In: 
https://pixabay.com/pt/illustr
ations/cavalheiro-
%C3%ADcones-homens-
chap%C3%A9u-4485696
In: REVELL, Jane; NORMAN, Susan. In your 
hands. Saffire Press, 1997, p. 47.
 Fable: The Fox and the Grapes
 One hot summer's day a Fox was strolling through an path till he came to a bunch of 
grapes just ripening on a vine. "Just the thing to quench my thirst”, quoth he. Drawing back 
a few paces, he took a run and a jump, and just missed the bunch. Turning round again 
with a – one, two, three – he jumped up, but with no greater success. Again and again he 
tried, but at last had to give it up, and walked away with his nose in the air, saying: "I am 
sure they are sour.”.
 It is easy to despise what you cannot get.
Past Progressive – examples 
In: 
https://parenting.firstcry.co
m/articles/the-fox-and-the-
grapes-story-with-moral/
Mark the wrong alternative:
a) The class was difficult, but we were understanding it.
b) I was driving when my cell phone rang.
c) Mom was talking on a video conference while her children were watching their online classes.
d) When the guests arrived, I was still dressing up.
e) I was paying attention when she gave the instructions.
Interatividade
Resposta
Mark the wrong alternative:
a) The class was difficult, but we were understanding it.
b) I was driving when my cell phone rang.
c) Mom was talking on a video conference while her children were watching their online classes.
d) When the guests arrived, I was still dressing up.
e) I was paying attention when she gave the instructions.
Future events:
 The new equipment will be a great choice for the physically challenged people.
Promises:
 I’ll be there for you.
Willingness:
 I’ll move to a bigger apartment until the end of the year.
Predictions:
 She’s a smart student. She will become a very successful 
professional.
Instant decision:
 A: I am feeling cold.
 B: I’ll get you some hot tea. 
Verb tense: Simple Future – uses 
 I will survive – I’ll I won’t give up Will I travel?
 You will survive – You’ll You won’t give up Will you travel?
 He will survive – He’ll He won’t give up Will he travel?
 She will survive – She’ll Shewon’t give up Will she travel?
 It will survive – It’ll It won’t give up Will it travel?
 We will survive – We’ll We won’t give up Will we travel?
 You will survive – You’ll You won’t give up Will you travel?
 They will survive – They’ll They won’t give up Will they travel?
Verb tense: Simple Future – affirmative/negative/interrogative
Simple Future – examples 
In: https://brainly.com.br/tarefa/36571641
 Song: I’ll be there for you, by Bon Jovi
I'll be there for you
These five words I swear to you
When you breathe I wanna be the air for you
I'll be there for you
I'd live and I'd die for you
I'll steal the sun from the sky for you
Words can't say what love can do
I'll be there for you
Simple Future – examples 
In: https://www.vagalume.com.br/bon-jovi/ill-be-there-for-you.html
 Jobs of the future: trends that deserve your attention
 The logic of the job market will always be aligned as science innovates, technology 
develops and new demands arise in the world.
 And it is based on this demand in the market that we predict the professions that will be in 
high demand in the next few years!
 Although many careers will simply cease to exist, others will be created to meet new needs.
 Software developers: they are, and will still be for a long time, valued professionals in the 
market. They are part of the group that creates new systems to automate processes.
 Creators: these professionals are already popular, and will
remain so in the next few years. These are the people who 
create content online – they are also known as digital 
influencers.
 (…)
Simple Future – examples 
Adapted from: hotmart.com/en/jobs-of-the-future/
Probable and immediate future events:
 Look at all those dark clouds! It is going to rain soon.
Strong intentions:
 I am going to have a baby before I turn 30.
Plans:
 I am going to move out to a small city as soon as I get a job there.
Verb tense: Immediate Future – uses 
Immediate Future
In: 
https://pt.slideshare.net/dianacarolina
floresuceda/future-plans-going-to/6
Immediate Future – examples 
If you're going to yell at me, press 1. If you're going to ask 
me a lot of stupid questions, press 2. If you're going to talk 
forever without getting to the point, press 3.
In: https://www.glasbergen.com/ngg_tag/telephone-cartoon/
 Song: Three little birds, by Bob Marley
 Don't worry about a thing,
 Cause every little thing is gonna be alright.
 Singing don't worry about a thing,
 Cause every little thing gonna be alright.
Immediate Future – examples 
In: https://www.letras.mus.br/bob-marley/24579/
 Have you got plans?
 What are you going to do after you graduate?
 What countries are you going to visit?
 What jobs are you going to have?
 What post-graduation course are you going to take?
 What difference to the world are you going to make?
Immediate Future – examples 
In: https://www.freeimages.com/pt/photo/grad-1316949
Mark the wrong alternative:
a) He is going to graduate in two years.
b) My parents are going to move to a country city.
c) Are you going to accept his invitation?
d) I am gonna travel by train.
e) Fred going to visit his parents next holiday.
Interatividade
Resposta
Mark the wrong alternative:
a) He is going to graduate in two years.
b) My parents are going to move to a country city.
c) Are you going to accept his invitation?
d) I am gonna travel by train.
e) Fred going to visit his parents next holiday.
ATÉ A PRÓXIMA!