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b) are c) is d) was 3. Which auxiliary verb is added to a make a verb negative in the present or past simple tense? a) be b) will c) do d) have 4. Identify the auxiliary verb used in the following sentence: “Have you been working on this project for long?” a) have b) been c) working d) A & B e) B & C f) None of the above 5. Which of the following is a function of do as an auxiliary verb? a) To form negatives with verbs in the present or past simple tense b) To form the continuous, perfect, or perfect continuous tenses c) To express the subject’s ability to perform the function of the main verb d) A & B e) B & C f) None of the above Modal Auxiliary Verbs Definition A modal auxiliary verb, often simply called a modal verb or even just a modal, is used to change the meaning of other verbs (commonly known as main verbs) by expressing modality—that is, asserting (or denying) possibility, likelihood, ability, permission, obligation, or future intention. Modal verbs are defined by their inability to conjugate for tense and the third