Complete English Grammar Rules_ Examples, Exceptions, Exercises, and Everything You Need to Master Proper Grammar ( PDFDrive )-54

Prévia do material em texto

Nominalization	refers	to	the	creation	of	a	noun	from	verbs	or	adjectives.
Most	of	the	time,	nouns	are	created	from	other	parts	of	speech	through	the	use	of
suffixes.	In	other	cases,	the	word	remains	the	same	but	is	simply	used	a	different
way;	this	is	known	as	conversion	or	zero	derivation.
Suffixes
Suffixes	are	certain	groupings	of	letters	that	can	be	attached	to	the	end	of	words
to	change	their	meaning.	Most	verbs	and	adjectives	that	become	nouns	are
changed	using	suffixes.
(Be	aware,	however,	that	the	examples	below	only	show	some	of	the	common
ways	of	using	suffixes	to	change	verbs	and	adjectives	to	nouns;	they	are	not	all
concrete	rules,	and	the	lists	of	possible	suffixes	are	not	exhaustive	ones.	The	best
way	to	learn	the	spellings	of	such	nouns	is	by	using	a	good	dictionary,	or	by
encountering	them	in	everyday	speech	and	writing.)
Verbs
There	are	certain	patterns	that	we	follow	to	decide	which	suffix	is	needed	in
order	to	create	a	noun	from	a	verb.
Gerunds
The	most	straightforward	way	of	turning	a	verb	into	a	noun	is	through	the	use	of
gerunds.	These	are	made	by	adding	the	suffix	“-ing”	to	the	end	of	the	verb.	For
example:
•	“Walking	is	very	pleasant.”
•	“I	enjoy	reading.”
•	“Listening	is	an	important	aspect	of	any	relationship.”
•	“My	sleeping	has	been	very	disrupted	lately.”
•	“Baking	is	my	favorite	pastime.”
•	“I	hate	running.”
Note	that	if	the	gerund	takes	any	additional	information,	such	as	an	object,
adverb,	or	prepositional	phrase,	then	this	entire	group	of	words	(known	as	a
gerund	phrase)	acts	as	a	noun.	To	learn	more	about	gerunds	and	gerund
phrases,	go	to	the	section	on	Gerunds	in	the	chapter	about	Other	Parts	of
Speech.