2000_Rosado-Vallado_Antimicrobial activity of Fabaceae species

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Ž .Fitoterapia 71 2000 570]573
Short report
Antimicrobial activity of Fabaceae species
used in Yucatan traditional medicine
M. Rosado-Valladoa, W. Brito-Loezaa, G.J.
Mena-Rejona,U, E. Quintero-Marmola, J.S. Flores-Guidob´
aFacultad de Quımica, Unï ersidad Autonoma de Yucatan, 41 No. 421 Col. Industrial,´ ´ ´
C.P. 97150, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico´ ´
bFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Unï ersidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Km 15.5´ ´
Carr. Ixmatkuil, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico´ ´
Received 16 February 2000; accepted 1 April 2000
Abstract
The methanol and water extracts of six Fabaceae species, traditionally used in Mayan
medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea and eye infections, were phytochemically screened
and tested for in vitro antimicrobial activity. Four species showed activity against Gram
positive bacteria, five exhibited some activity against Candida albicans, two exhibited activity
against Aspergillus niger and only one, Mimosa pigra, inhibited growth of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa. None of the extracts was active against Escherichia coli. Q 2000 Elsevier Science
B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Traditional medicine; Yucatan; Fabaceae; Antimicrobial activity
Ž .Plant material. Plants listed in Table 1 were collected from June to August 1994,
in Yucatan, Mexico, and identified by Dr Jose S. Flores Guido. Classified reference´ ´
vouchers were deposited at herbarium ‘Alfredo Barrera Marın’, Facultad de´
Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan.´ ´
w xUses in traditional medicine. Reported in Table 1 1 .
U Corresponding author.
Ž .E-mail address: mrejon@tunku.uady.mx G.J. Mena-Rejon .´
0367-326Xr00r$ - see front matter Q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Ž .PII: S 0 3 6 7 - 3 2 6 X 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 - 8
( )M. Rosado-Vallado et al. r Fitoterapia 71 2000 570]573 571
Table 1
Yucatecan Fabaceae plants traditionally used in Mayan medicine
Botanical name Plant Administrationrtraditional uses
aŽ .voucher specimens part
Aeschynomene fascicularis Cham et Schlech. LF Infusion drunk for diarrhoea and as
Ž .J.S. Flores 12304 lotion for skin rash
Senna racemosa Benth. LF Infusion drunk for diarrhoea
Ž .J.S. Flores 11219 BK Infusion used to treat eye infections
Ž .Dalbergia glabra Miller Standley RT Infusion drunk for diarrhoea
Ž .J.S. Flores 12335 LF Infusion used to treat eye infections
Diphysa carthagenensis Jacq. BK Infusion, decoction and maceration
Ž .J.S. Flores 12315 drunk for diarrhoea
Mimosa pigra L. LF Infusion drunk for diarrhoea
Ž .J.S. Flores 12302
Ž .Tephrosia cinerea L. Pers. LF Infusion drunk for diarrhoea
Ž .J.S. Flores 12317
a LF, leaf; RT, root; BK, bark.
Table 2
Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of traditionally used Yucatecan Fabaceae
a bPlant Plant P.S. Extract Yield Bacteria
Ž .part % wrw S.a. B.s. E.c. P.a. C.a. A.n.
A. fascicularis LF F, Q, S, Me 8.76 ] ] ] ] ] ]
St, T Wt 2.70 ] ] ] ] 12 ]
S. racemosa LF A, F, St, Me 6.42 ] ] ] ] 13 14
T Wt 4.57 ] ] ] ] ] 13
BK A, F, Q Me 2.94 ] ] ] ] ] ]
St, T Wt 3.40 ] ] ] ] ] 11
D. glabra RT F, Q, S, Me 1.84 32 18 ] ] 12 ]
St, T Wt 3.12 ] ] ] ] ] ]
LF F, Q, S Me 3.13 14 12 ] ] 14 ]
St, T Wt 3.83 10 ] ] ] ] ]
D. carthagenensis BK F, Q, St, Me 1.37 22 20 ] ] ] ]
T Wt 2.27 14 10 ] ] ] ]
M. pigra LF F, Q, S Me 4.64 12 10 ] 12 14 ]
St, T Wt 6.63 12 10 ] 10 16 ]
T. cinerea LF A, F, Q, Me 2.39 11 10 ] ] 12 ]
St Wt 1.52 ] ] ] ] ] 10
Amikacin 32 36 22 24
Nystatin 32
Itraconazole 26
Dimethylsulfoxide ] ] ] ] ] ]
a P.S., phytochemical screening; F, flavonoids; Q, quinones; S, saponins; St, sterols; T, tannins.
b Ž .Values are zone of inhibition diameter, mm ; S.a., Staphylococcus aureus; B.s., Bacillus subtilis;
E.c., Escherichia coli; P.a., Pseudomonas aeruginosa; C.a., Candida albicans; A.n., Aspegillus niger.
( )M. Rosado-Vallado et al. r Fitoterapia 71 2000 570]573572
w xStudied activity. Antimicrobial activity by the agar-well method 2 .
Ž . Ž .Used microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus 6338 , Escherichia coli 10536 ,
Ž . Ž . Ž .Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15442 , Bacillus subtilis 6633 , Aspergillus niger 16888
Ž .and Candida albicans 10231 from the American Type Culture Collection.
Tested material. Dried methanol and water extracts of air-dried plant material.
w x Ž .Yields and results of phytochemical screening 3 are given in Table 2. A 5% wrv
Žtest solution of each extract was prepared in dimethylsulfoxide. Amikacin 0.03
. Ž . Ž .mgrml , nystatin 50 IUrml and itraconazole 0.025 mgrml were used as positive
control for bacteria, yeast and fungi, respectively; dimethylsulfoxide was used as
negative control.
Results. Reported in Table 2.
Conclusions. The presence of flavonoids and quinones was detected in all studied
species, as expected because these classes of secondary metabolites are conspicu-
ous constituents of species belonging to the Fabaceae family. As compared to
water extracts, the methanolic extracts of all studied plants showed stronger activity
against both bacteria and fungi. Antibacterial activity was found mainly against the
Gram-positive bacteria; none of the extracts showed any activity against E. coli,
Ž .and only one Mimosa pigra was active against P. aeruginosa. These negative
results were not surprising as Gram-negative bacteria are generally more resistant
w xthan Gram-positive ones 4,5 . The obtained results do not justify the traditional
use of the studied species against diarrhoea; however, the moderated activity
against Gram-positive bacteria and yeast, known as opportunistic microorganisms
w xin infectious processes 6,7 , could be a support for the use of these plants in the
treatment of infected wounds, eye and skin infections. The observed antifungal
activity of some extracts is also remarkable, although there are no reports related
to this activity in the traditional medicine.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the PROTROPICO programme. The authors are
very thankful to Dr Leovigildo Quijano for his help and advice.
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