WORDSANDMEANINGS (1)

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WORDS AND MEANINGS
Denotation
and
Connotation
Denotation is the straightforward meaning of a
word. The word winter, for example, denotes the
season between autumn and spring.
 
The connotation of a word are the associations that
a word has – the emotions and attitudes that are
aroused by it.  For example, we associate the word
winter with dark evenings and cold weather.
Lexis is another word for vocabulary.  
 
A lexical field is a group of words with associated
meanings and uses.  Computers, for example, have
a lexical field that includes words such as mouse,
monitor, keyboard, menu, file, document.
Semantic is just another way of saying meaning. A
semantic field is group of words with associated
with a broader category. For example
 
Religion is the semantic field and Bible, Scripture,
Synagogue, Church, Mosque – all fit into the
semantic field of religion.
Lexical fields
Semantic
fields
Hyponyms
and
hypernyms
A hyponym is a word that is linked in meaning to,
but more specific than, another word, known as a
hypernym.  Hypernyms are always more general
than hyponyms. 
 
For example 'flower' is a hypernym.  Words
referring to specific kinds of flower are 
hyponyms: carnation, rose, daffodil.