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Exercícios relativos a estruturas algébricas-16

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3. Sistemas de Equações Lineares 125
∼

1 2 2 4
0 3 −1 7
0 0 −2 1
0 0 −6 3
∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣
1
0
0
0

L4=L4−3L2
∼

1 2 2 4
0 3 −1 7
0 0 −2 1
0 0 0 0
∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣
1
0
0
0

∣∣∣∣∣∣
car(A) = car([A | b ]) = 3
nº de incógnitas = 4
grau de indeterminação = 1
⇒ SP1xI 3

x + 2y + 2z + 4t = 1
3y − z + 7t = 0
−2z + t = 0
⇔

x = 1 − 2y − 2z − 4t
y = z − 7t
3
z = t
2
⇔

x = 1 − 2y − 2z − 4t
y = −13t
6
− − −
⇔

x = (3−2t)/3
y = −13t/6
z = t/2
Logo,
{(
3 − 2t
3 ,
−13t
6 ,
t
2 , t
)
, t ∈ R
}
.
j)

x − 2y − 5z + t = −1
3x + 5y + 4z = 2
3x + 3y − t = 1
3x + 4y + 5z − 2t = 2
2x + 2y + 2z + t = 1
1 −2 −5 1
3 5 4 0
3 3 0 −1
3 4 5 −2
2 2 2 1
∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣
−1
2
1
2
1
L2=L2−3L1
L3=L3−3L1
L4=L4−3L1
L5=L5−2L1
∼

1 −2 −5 1
0 11 19 −3
0 9 15 −4
0 10 20 −5
0 6 12 −1
∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣
−1
5
4
5
3

C2↔C4
L4= 1
5 L4
∼

1 1 −5 −2
0 −3 19 11
0 −4 15 9
0 −1 4 2
0 −1 12 6
∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣
−1
5
4
1
3

L2↔L4
∼

1 1 −5 −2
0 −1 4 2
0 −4 15 9
0 −3 19 11
0 −1 12 6
∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣
−1
1
4
5
3

L3=L3−4L2
L4=L4−3L2
L5=L5−L2
3SPnxI - Sistema possível e indeterminado com grau n de indeterminação.

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