<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/dc428891-df0d-4448-a820-9c5fd313b9ae/bg1.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 wsc">Artigos originais<span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff2"> </span></div></div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y3 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, Unicamp<span class="blank _1"></span>. IE. </div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y4 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls3 ws0">http://dx.doi.org<span class="blank _1"></span>/10.1590/1982-35<span class="blank _1"></span>33.20<span class="ls4 ws1">20<span class="ls5 ws2">v2</span></span>9n3art<span class="ls4 ws1">08<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ff3 fs2 fc1 ls3 wsc"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h5 y5 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v. 29, n<span class="blank _1"></span>. 3 (<span class="ls4 ws1">70</span>), p. <span class="ls4 ws1">861<span class="ls0">-</span>890</span><span class="ls6">, <span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls3">setembro-d<span class="blank _1"></span>ezembro <span class="ls4 ws1">2020</span><span class="ws0">.</span><span class="ff3 fs2"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y6 ff3 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">A indústria tê<span class="blank _1"></span>xtil no Brasil: </div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y7 ff3 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">um modelo econométrico analisando a hipóte<span class="blank _0"> </span>se de desindustrialização setorial <span class="ff4 fs1 ws3 v1">\uf02a</span><span class="fs5"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y8 ff5 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Juliana de Pau<span class="blank _1"></span>la Filleti <span class="fs0 ws4 v2">**</span><span class="ff4 fs1 fc0 ws3 v1">\uf02a</span><span class="fs0 v2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 y9 ff5 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Rafaela Boldrin <span class="fs0 ws4 v2">***</span><span class="ff4 fs1 fc0 ws3 v1">\uf02a</span> </div><div class="t m0 xa h9 ya ff5 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div><div class="t m0 xa h9 yb ff5 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div><div class="t m0 xa h9 yc ff5 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div><div class="t m0 xb ha yd ff6 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Resumo </div><div class="t m0 xb hb ye ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Nos <span class="blank _2"> </span>últimos <span class="blank _2"> </span>anos <span class="blank _2"> </span>tem <span class="blank _2"> </span>se <span class="blank _2"> </span>observa<span class="blank _1"></span>do <span class="blank _2"> </span>no <span class="blank _2"> </span>Brasil <span class="blank _2"> </span>um <span class="blank _2"> </span>possível <span class="blank _2"> </span>processo <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>desindustrializaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão. <span class="blank _2"> </span>Para <span class="blank _2"> </span>alguns </div><div class="t m0 xb hb yf ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">pesquisadores, <span class="blank _1"></span>com<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls7 ws5">os<span class="ls3 wsc"> <span class="blank _3"></span>novo-desenvolvimentistas, <span class="blank _1"></span>ess<span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _1"></span>c<span class="blank _1"></span>enário <span class="blank _1"></span>já <span class="blank _3"></span>é <span class="blank _1"></span>evidente, <span class="blank _3"></span>mas <span class="blank _1"></span>para <span class="blank _3"></span>outro<span class="blank _0"> </span>s, <span class="blank _1"></span>c<span class="blank _1"></span>omo <span class="blank _3"></span>os <span class="blank _1"></span>economistas </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb hb y10 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">ortodoxos, <span class="blank _0"> </span>não <span class="blank _0"> </span>é p<span class="blank _0"> </span>ossível diagnosticar <span class="blank _0"> </span>a e<span class="blank _0"> </span>xistência deste <span class="blank _0"> </span>processo <span class="blank _0"> </span>n<span class="blank _0"> </span>o Brasil. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Ao <span class="blank _0"> </span>analisar <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>cenário brasileiro <span class="blank _0"> </span>hoje, </div><div class="t m0 xb hb y11 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">com u<span class="blank _0"> </span>ma<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>economia em <span class="blank _0"> </span>desaceleração, <span class="blank _0"> </span>diminuindo a <span class="blank _0"> </span>capacidade <span class="blank _0"> </span>de compra d<span class="blank _0"> </span>as famílias, <span class="blank _0"> </span>é po<span class="blank _0"> </span>ssível averiguar u<span class="blank _0"> </span>ma </div><div class="t m0 xb hb y12 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">grande queda <span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _0"> </span>peso da <span class="blank _0"> </span>indústria<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>de transformação n<span class="blank _0"> </span>o PI<span class="blank _0"> </span>B. Este <span class="blank _0"> </span>processo difere <span class="blank _0"> </span>em grande <span class="blank _0"> </span>medida do <span class="blank _0"> </span>verificado </div><div class="t m0 xb hb y13 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">nas <span class="blank _4"> </span>economias <span class="blank _4"> </span>avançadas, <span class="blank _4"> </span>cuja <span class="blank _4"> </span>queda <span class="blank _4"> </span>na <span class="blank _4"> </span>participação <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>indústria <span class="blank _0"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>correu <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>forma<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>saudável <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>gradual<span class="blank _0"> </span>.<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Aqui, <span class="blank _0"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 xb hb y14 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">processo d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e desindustrialização <span class="blank _0"> </span>pode <span class="blank _0"> </span>ser avaliado <span class="blank _0"> </span>a p<span class="blank _0"> </span>artir do <span class="blank _0"> </span>exemplo da <span class="blank _0"> </span>indústria <span class="blank _0"> </span>têxtil brasileira, prin<span class="blank _0"> </span>cipalme<span class="blank _1"></span>nte </div><div class="t m0 xb hb y15 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">com <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>abertura <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>mercado <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>rodutos <span class="blank _4"> </span>importados <span class="blank _4"> </span>chin<span class="blank _0"> </span>eses. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Nesse <span class="blank _5"> </span>sentido, <span class="blank _5"> </span>esse <span class="blank _4"> </span>trabalho <span class="blank _4"> </span>terá <span class="blank _5"> </span>como <span class="blank _4"> </span>objetivo </div><div class="t m0 xb hb y16 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">apresentar, <span class="blank _6"> </span>utilizando <span class="blank _6"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"> </span>Modelo <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>Vetor <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>Correção <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>Erros <span class="blank _6"> </span>(VECM), <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>relação <span class="blank _6"> </span>entre <span class="blank _6"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"> </span>processo <span class="blank _6"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 xb hb y17 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">desindustrialização <span class="blank _7"> </span>da <span class="blank _7"> </span>indústria <span class="blank _7"> </span>têxtil <span class="blank _7"> </span>no <span class="blank _7"> </span>Brasil, <span class="blank _7"> </span>ocorrida<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>no <span class="blank _7"> </span>período <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>1995 <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _8"> </span>2015, <span class="blank _7"> </span>com <span class="blank _8"> </span>variáveis </div><div class="t m0 xb ha y18 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">macroeconômicas brasileiras<span class="ls1">. <span class="ls2"> </span></span><span class="ff6"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb ha y19 ff6 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws6">Palavras-chave<span class="ff3 wsc">: Desindustrialização, Indústria têxtil, VECM, Brasil.<span class="ff6"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb ha y1a ff6 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div><div class="t m0 xb ha y1b ff6 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Abstract </div><div class="t m0 xb hc y1c ff7 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">The textile industry in Brazil: an econometric model analyzing the deindustrialization hypothesis </div><div class="t m0 xb hb y1d ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">In <span class="blank _0"> </span>the <span class="blank _0"> </span>last few <span class="blank _0"> </span>years, a <span class="blank _0"> </span>possible <span class="blank _0"> </span>process of <span class="blank _0"> </span>deindustrialization<span class="blank _0"> </span> is <span class="blank _0"> </span>observed in <span class="blank _0"> </span>Brazil. <span class="blank _0"> </span>For <span class="blank _0"> </span>some researchers, <span class="blank _0"> </span>such <span class="blank _0"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 xb hb y1e ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">the <span class="blank _4"> </span>new <span class="blank _0"> </span>developmentalists, <span class="blank _4"> </span>this <span class="blank _0"> </span>scenario <span class="blank _4"> </span>is <span class="blank _0"> </span>already <span class="blank _4"> </span>evident; <span class="blank _0"> </span>but <span class="blank _4"> </span>for <span class="blank _0"> </span>others, <span class="blank _4"> </span>su<span class="blank _0"> </span>ch <span class="blank _0"> </span>as <span class="blank _0"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>rthodox <span class="blank _0"> </span>economists, <span class="blank _0"> </span>it <span class="blank _4"> </span>is <span class="blank _4"> </span>not </div><div class="t m0 xb hb y1f ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">possible <span class="blank _5"> </span>to <span class="blank _5"> </span>diagnose <span class="blank _5"> </span>the <span class="blank _5"> </span>existence <span class="blank _4"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>f <span class="blank _4"> </span>th<span class="blank _0"> </span>is <span class="blank _5"> </span>process <span class="blank _5"> </span>in <span class="blank _5"> </span>Brazil. <span class="blank _5"> </span>By <span class="blank _5"> </span>analyz<span class="blank _1"></span>ing <span class="blank _5"> </span>the <span class="blank _9"> </span>present <span class="blank _5"> </span>Brazilian <span class="blank _5"> </span>scenario <span class="blank _5"> </span>with <span class="blank _5"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 xb hb y20 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">slowdown in the econo<span class="blank _0"> </span>my<span class="blank _1"></span> and red<span class="blank _0"> </span>uced purchasing power of families, it is po<span class="blank _0"> </span>ssible to ascertain a deep downturn in </div><div class="t m0 xb hb y21 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">the <span class="blank _1"></span>w<span class="blank _1"></span>eight <span class="blank _1"></span>of<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>the <span class="blank _3"></span>manufacturing <span class="blank _1"></span>industry <span class="blank _3"></span>in the <span class="blank _3"></span>GDP. <span class="blank _1"></span>This <span class="blank _3"></span>process <span class="blank _1"></span>diff<span class="blank _1"></span>ers <span class="blank _1"></span>f<span class="blank _1"></span>rom <span class="blank _3"></span>th<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"></span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>ne <span class="blank _1"></span>t<span class="blank _1"></span>hat <span class="blank _1"></span>has <span class="blank _3"></span>occurred <span class="blank _1"></span>in <span class="blank _3"></span>advanced </div><div class="t m0 xb hb y22 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">economies, <span class="blank _9"> </span>which <span class="blank _9"> </span>was <span class="blank _5"> </span>health<span class="blank _0"> </span>y<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>and <span class="blank _a"> </span>steady<span class="ls1">. <span class="blank _5"> </span></span>In <span class="blank _9"> </span>Brazil, <span class="blank _9"> </span>the <span class="blank _9"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>eindustrialization <span class="blank _5"> </span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>rocess <span class="blank _5"> </span>can <span class="blank _9"> </span>be <span class="blank _9"> </span>analyzed <span class="blank _9"> </span>from <span class="blank _5"> </span>the<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 xb hb y23 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">perspective <span class="blank _0"> </span>of <span class="blank _0"> </span>the <span class="blank _0"> </span>textile <span class="blank _0"> </span>industry, <span class="blank _0"> </span>especially<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>with <span class="blank _0"> </span>market <span class="blank _0"> </span>openness <span class="blank _0"> </span>to <span class="blank _0"> </span>Chinese <span class="blank _0"> </span>products. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Thus, <span class="blank _0"> </span>this <span class="blank _0"> </span>work <span class="blank _0"> </span>will aim </div><div class="t m0 xb hb y24 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">to <span class="blank _9"> </span>present, <span class="blank _9"> </span>using <span class="blank _9"> </span>the <span class="blank _9"> </span>Vector <span class="blank _9"> </span>Error <span class="blank _5"> </span>Co<span class="blank _0"> </span>rrection <span class="blank _5"> </span>Model <span class="blank _9"> </span>(VEC<span class="blank _0"> </span>M), <span class="blank _9"> </span>the <span class="blank _5"> </span>relatio<span class="blank _0"> </span>nship <span class="blank _5"> </span>between <span class="blank _9"> </span>the <span class="blank _9"> </span>deindu<span class="blank _0"> </span>strialization </div><div class="t m0 xb hb y25 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">processes of the textile industry in Brazil from<span class="blank _1"></span> 1995 to 2015, <span class="blank _0"> </span>using Brazilian mac<span class="blank _1"></span>roeconomic variables. </div><div class="t m0 xb ha y26 ff6 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws7">Keywords<span class="ff3 wsc">: Deindustrialization, Textile industry, VECM, Brazil. </span></div><div class="t m0 xb ha y27 ff6 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">JEL <span class="ff3">C510, L160. </span></div><div class="t m0 xb hd y28 ff6 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div><div class="c xc y29 w3 he"><div class="t m0 xb h5 y2a ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div></div><div class="t m0 xd h5 y2a ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div><div class="t m0 xe hf y2b ff3 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws8">*<span class="fs1 wsc v3"> Artigo re<span class="blank _1"></span>cebido em 13 de ma<span class="blank _1"></span>io de 2017 e<span class="blank _1"></span> aprovado em <span class="blank _1"></span>13 de março <span class="blank _1"></span>de 2020. </span></div><div class="t m0 xe hf y2c ff3 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">** <span class="blank _4"> </span><span class="fs1 v3">Professora <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>Departamento <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>Economia <span class="blank _5"> </span>das <span class="blank _9"> </span>Faculda<span class="blank _1"></span>des <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>C<span class="blank _0"> </span>amp<span class="blank _1"></span>inas <span class="blank _9"> </span>(Facamp), <span class="blank _5"> </span>Campinas, <span class="blank _5"> </span>SP, <span class="blank _5"> </span>Brasil. <span class="blank _5"> </span>E-mail: </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h10 y2d ff3 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls3 ws9">juliana.fille<span class="blank _1"></span>ti@facamp.com.br<span class="fc1 ls1 wsc">. <span class="ls3">OR<span class="blank _1"></span>CID:<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="fc2 ws9">https://orcid.org<span class="blank _1"></span>/0000-0001-5687-<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls7 wsa">51<span class="ls8 wsb">89<span class="fc1 ls3 wsc">. </span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe hf y2e ff3 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">*** <span class="blank _b"> </span><span class="fs1 v3">Economista <span class="blank _c"> </span>formada <span class="blank _b"> </span>pelas <span class="blank _c"> </span>Faculdades <span class="blank _c"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _b"> </span>Campinas <span class="blank _d"> </span>(Facam<span class="blank _1"></span>p), <span class="blank _c"> </span>Campinas, <span class="blank _c"> </span>SP, <span class="blank _c"> </span>B<span class="blank _0"> </span>rasil. <span class="blank _b"> </span>E-mail: </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h10 y2f ff3 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls3 ws9">rafaboldrin@hotm<span class="blank _1"></span>ail.com<span class="fc1 ls1 wsc">. <span class="ls3">ORCI<span class="blank _1"></span>D: <span class="fc2 ws9">https://orci<span class="blank _1"></span>d.org/0000-0001-5611-<span class="blank _1"></span>5876<span class="fc1 wsc">. </span></span></span></span></div><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:97.000000px;bottom:121.270000px;width:100.940000px;height:11.000000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:226.550000px;bottom:121.270000px;width:130.050000px;height:11.000000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:97.000000px;bottom:99.270000px;width:87.620000px;height:11.000000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:213.230000px;bottom:99.270000px;width:130.050000px;height:11.000000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 xb h4 y3 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Juliana de Paula Fill<span class="blank _1"></span>eti, Rafaela B<span class="blank _1"></span>oldrin </div><div class="t m0 xb h4 y5 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws1">862<span class="ls3 wsc"> <span class="blank _e"> </span>Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v. 29, n<span class="blank _1"></span>. 3 (70), p. 861-890<span class="blank _1"></span>, setembro-dez<span class="blank _1"></span>embro 2020.<span class="blank _1"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb hd y30 ff6 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Introdução </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y31 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Um <span class="blank _1"></span>assunto <span class="blank _3"></span>bastante <span class="blank _1"></span>polêm<span class="blank _1"></span>ico, <span class="blank _1"></span>desde <span class="blank _1"></span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>eados <span class="blank _1"></span>dos <span class="blank _1"></span>an<span class="blank _1"></span>os <span class="blank _3"></span>70, é <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _3"></span>existência <span class="blank _1"></span>ou <span class="blank _3"></span>não de <span class="blank _3"></span>um </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y32 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">processo <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>desindus<span class="blank _1"></span>trialização <span class="blank _0"> </span>no <span class="blank _0"> </span>Brasil. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Em<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>outras <span class="blank _4"> </span>palavras, <span class="blank _0"> </span>questiona-se <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>possível <span class="blank _0"> </span>queda </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y33 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">da <span class="blank _5"> </span>participação <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>ndústri<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>no <span class="blank _5"> </span>PIB <span class="blank _4"> </span>ou <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>queda <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>participação <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>emprego <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>indústria <span class="blank _4"> </span>no </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y34 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">emprego total. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Apesar <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>parecer <span class="blank _0"> </span>uma questão <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>fácil solução, <span class="blank _0"> </span>alguns <span class="blank _0"> </span>fatores <span class="blank _0"> </span>tornam<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>tema </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y35 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">polêmico. </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y36 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Uma <span class="blank _4"> </span>pri<span class="blank _0"> </span>meira <span class="blank _4"> </span>questão <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>ser <span class="blank _4"> </span>colocada <span class="blank _5"> </span>no <span class="blank _5"> </span>debate <span class="blank _5"> </span>é <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>diferença <span class="blank _4"> </span>entre <span class="blank _5"> </span>os <span class="blank _5"> </span>processos<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y37 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">desindustrialização <span class="blank _1"></span>p<span class="blank _1"></span>ercebi<span class="blank _1"></span>dos em<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>países d<span class="blank _1"></span>esenv<span class="blank _1"></span>olvidos e <span class="blank _1"></span>em<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>países em<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>desenvolvim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento. <span class="blank _1"></span>Isto </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y38 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">porque, <span class="blank _4"> </span>nos <span class="blank _0"> </span>países <span class="blank _4"> </span>avançados, <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>processo <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>desindus<span class="blank _1"></span>trialização <span class="blank _0"> </span>ocorre <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>maneir<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>natural <span class="blank _0"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y39 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">saudável, <span class="blank"> </span>est<span class="blank _1"></span>imulada <span class="blank"> </span>por <span class="blank _f"> </span>fatores <span class="blank"> </span>intern<span class="blank _1"></span>os <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>estas <span class="blank"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"></span>conomias, <span class="blank"> </span>ta<span class="blank _1"></span>is <span class="blank"> </span>como <span class="blank _f"> </span>as <span class="blank"> </span>mudanças <span class="blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y3a ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">interação <span class="blank _8"> </span>da <span class="blank _7"> </span>demanda <span class="blank _8"> </span>entre <span class="blank _8"> </span>manufaturados <span class="blank _8"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>serviços, <span class="blank _7"> </span>pelo <span class="blank _8"> </span>crescimento <span class="blank _8"> </span>acelerado <span class="blank _8"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y3b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">produtividade <span class="blank _4"> </span>das <span class="blank _5"> </span>manufaturas, <span class="blank _5"> </span>quando <span class="blank _4"> </span>comparado <span class="blank _5"> </span>com<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>os <span class="blank _5"> </span>serviços <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>pela <span class="blank _5"> </span>queda <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>preços<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y12 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">relativos dos produ<span class="blank _1"></span>tos man<span class="blank _1"></span>ufaturados frente <span class="blank _1"></span>aos serviços (Row<span class="blank _1"></span>thorn; Ramaswamy<span class="blank _1"></span>, 1998). </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y3c ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Além <span class="blank _1"></span>disto, <span class="blank _1"></span>outro <span class="blank _1"></span>aspec<span class="blank _1"></span>to a<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>ser <span class="blank _1"></span>cons<span class="blank _1"></span>iderado <span class="blank _1"></span>é <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>diverg<span class="blank _1"></span>ência <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>métodos <span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>aná<span class="blank _1"></span>lise <span class="blank _1"></span>da </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y3d ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">desindustrialização<span class="blank _1"></span>, <span class="blank"> </span>no <span class="blank _2"> </span>contex<span class="blank _1"></span>to <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>econom<span class="blank _1"></span>ias <span class="blank _6"> </span>periféricas, <span class="blank _2"> </span>para <span class="blank"> </span>as <span class="blank _2"> </span>diferentes<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>es<span class="blank _0"> </span>colas <span class="blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y3e ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">pensamento. <span class="blank _f"> </span>Oreiro <span class="blank _f"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>Feij<span class="blank _1"></span>ó <span class="blank _f"> </span>(2010) <span class="blank"> </span>faz<span class="blank _1"></span>em <span class="blank _f"> </span>uma <span class="blank _f"> </span>apresentação<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _f"> </span>deste <span class="blank"> </span>deba<span class="blank _1"></span>te, <span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"></span>stacando <span class="blank _f"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y3f ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">posições dos orto<span class="blank _1"></span>doxos e nov<span class="blank _1"></span>o-desenvolvimentistas<span class="blank _1"></span>. </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y40 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Por um<span class="blank _1"></span> lado, <span class="blank _1"></span>os ec<span class="blank _1"></span>onom<span class="blank _1"></span>istas ortodoxos <span class="blank _1"></span>defendem<span class="blank _1"></span> que <span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _1"></span>país n<span class="blank _1"></span>ão <span class="blank _1"></span>se encon<span class="blank _1"></span>tra d<span class="blank _1"></span>iante <span class="blank _1"></span>de </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y41 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">um <span class="blank _0"> </span>processo <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>desindustrializaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão, <span class="blank _4"> </span>mas <span class="blank _0"> </span>sim <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _0"> </span>pr<span class="blank _0"> </span>ocesso <span class="blank _0"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>retorno <span class="blank _0"> </span>ao <span class="blank _4"> </span>ponto <span class="blank _4"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>equilíbrio,<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y42 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">reduzindo a <span class="blank _0"> </span>participaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão <span class="blank _0"> </span>do Estado, considerada excessiva. Para <span class="blank _0"> </span>eles, os anos <span class="blank _0"> </span>de 1930 <span class="blank _0"> </span>a 1980 </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y43 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">representam <span class="blank _4"> </span>um <span class="blank _5"> </span>período <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>desequilíbrio <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>mercado, <span class="blank _5"> </span>com <span class="blank _5"> </span>excesso <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>interferência <span class="blank _5"> </span>estatal<span class="ls9">, </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y44 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">afetando o <span class="blank _0"> </span>equilíbrio natural de acordo <span class="blank _0"> </span>com<span class="blank _1"></span> as<span class="blank _0"> </span> vantagens comparativas de <span class="blank _0"> </span>cada país <span class="blank _0"> </span>(Bonelli; </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y45 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Pessoa, 2010).<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y46 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Por <span class="blank _6"> </span>outro <span class="blank _2"> </span>lado, <span class="blank"> </span>os <span class="blank _2"> </span>novo-desenv<span class="blank _1"></span>olvimentistas <span class="blank"> </span>alegam<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>que<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>mudança <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>políti<span class="lsa">ca </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y47 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">econômica <span class="blank _3"></span>ocorrida <span class="blank _3"></span>no <span class="blank _1"></span>i<span class="blank _1"></span>nício <span class="blank _3"></span>dos <span class="blank _3"></span>anos<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _3"></span>1990, <span class="blank _3"></span>marcada <span class="blank _1"></span>p<span class="blank _1"></span>ela <span class="blank _3"></span>liberalização <span class="blank _3"></span>comercial <span class="blank _3"></span>e <span class="blank _3"></span>financeira, </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y48 ff8 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">resultou <span class="blank _10"> </span>em <span class="blank _10"> </span>um<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _10"> </span>\u201cinserção <span class="blank _10"> </span>assimétrica <span class="blank _10"> </span>da <span class="blank _10"> </span>indústria <span class="blank _10"> </span>brasileira\u201d, <span class="blank _10"> </span><span class="ff3">passando <span class="blank _10"> </span>a <span class="blank _10"> </span>ser <span class="blank _10"> </span>uma </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y49 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">intermediária <span class="blank _a"> </span>no <span class="blank _f"> </span>pro<span class="blank _1"></span>cesso <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>importação, <span class="blank _a"> </span>no <span class="blank _11"> </span>lugar <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>representar <span class="blank _11"> </span>o <span class="blank _11"> </span>vetor <span class="blank _a"> </span>do <span class="blank _11"> </span>crescimento </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y4a ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">econômico (Carv<span class="blank _1"></span>alho, 2012). </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y4b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Visando <span class="blank _0"> </span>entender <span class="blank _0"> </span>se <span class="blank _0"> </span>ocorre<span class="blank _1"></span>u <span class="blank _0"> </span>ou <span class="blank _0"> </span>não <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>proc<span class="blank _1"></span>esso <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>desindustr<span class="blank _1"></span>ialização <span class="blank _0"> </span>no <span class="blank _0"> </span>Brasil,<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>este </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y4c ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">artigo avalia o <span class="blank _0"> </span>com<span class="blank _1"></span>portamento do setor têxtil, devido <span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="lsb wsd">ao</span> seu <span class="blank _0"> </span>encadeam<span class="blank _1"></span>ento de diversas etapas </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y4d ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">do <span class="blank _1"></span>processo <span class="blank _1"></span>pr<span class="blank _1"></span>odutivo, <span class="blank _3"></span>por<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"></span>sua <span class="blank _3"></span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>elevânc<span class="blank _1"></span>ia <span class="blank _1"></span>para <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _3"></span>indústria, a<span class="blank _1"></span>ssim <span class="blank _3"></span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>notória <span class="blank _1"></span>influênci<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>dos<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y27 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">produtos <span class="blank _a"> </span>chineses <span class="blank _a"> </span>neste <span class="blank _a"> </span>setor. <span class="blank _a"> </span>Para <span class="blank _a"> </span>cum<span class="blank _1"></span>prir <span class="blank _a"> </span>tal <span class="blank _a"> </span>tarefa, <span class="blank _a"> </span>serão <span class="blank _a"> </span>consideradas <span class="blank _a"> </span>as <span class="blank _a"> </span>ev<span class="blank _1"></span>oluções <span class="blank _a"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y4e ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">algum<span class="blank _1"></span>as variáveis relevantes, tais como o emprego na industrial<span class="blank _1"></span> têxtil, a participação do valor </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y4f ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">adicionado <span class="blank"> </span>do <span class="blank _f"> </span>setor <span class="blank"> </span>no<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>P<span class="blank _1"></span>IB, <span class="blank _f"> </span>nú<span class="blank _0"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>ero <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>em<span class="blank _1"></span>presas, <span class="blank _f"> </span>taxa <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>c<span class="blank _1"></span>âmbio <span class="blank _f"> </span>real <span class="blank"> </span>efetiv<span class="blank _1"></span>a, <span class="blank"> </span>taxa <span class="blank _f"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y50 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">investim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento, <span class="blank _a"> </span>taxa <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>juros, <span class="blank _a"> </span>importação <span class="blank _a"> </span>e <span class="blank _a"> </span>exportação <span class="blank _9"> </span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>otal <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _a"> </span>se<span class="blank _0"> </span>tor. <span class="blank _a"> </span>Adem<span class="blank _1"></span>ais, <span class="blank _a"> </span>um<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>modelo </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y51 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">econométrico (VECM <span class="ff8 wse">\u2013</span> Modelo <span class="blank _0"> </span>de Vetores de <span class="blank _0"> </span>Corre<span class="blank _1"></span>ção de <span class="blank _0"> </span>Erros) será implem<span class="blank _1"></span>entado, com <span class="blank _0"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y52 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">finalidade <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>av<span class="blank _1"></span>aliar <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>exist<span class="blank _1"></span>ência <span class="blank _1"></span>da <span class="blank _1"></span>desindus<span class="blank _1"></span>trializaçã<span class="blank _1"></span>o no <span class="blank _3"></span>setor têx<span class="blank _1"></span>til, <span class="blank _1"></span>semelhan<span class="blank _1"></span>te <span class="blank _1"></span>ao <span class="blank _1"></span>propost<span class="blank _1"></span>o </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xb y53 w4 h12" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/dc428891-df0d-4448-a820-9c5fd313b9ae/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x10 h4 y3 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">A indústria <span class="blank _1"></span>têxtil no Bras<span class="blank _1"></span>il: um modelo eco<span class="blank _1"></span>nométrico analisando<span class="blank _1"></span> a hipótese <span class="blank _1"></span>de desi<span class="blank _1"></span>ndustrialização<span class="blank _1"></span> setorial </div><div class="t m0 xb h5 y5 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v. 29, n<span class="blank _1"></span>. 3 (<span class="ls4 ws1">70</span>), p. <span class="ls4 ws1">861<span class="ls0">-</span>890</span><span class="ls6">, <span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls3">setembro-d<span class="blank _1"></span>ezembro <span class="ls4 ws1">2020</span>. <span class="blank _12"> </span><span class="ls4 ws1">863</span><span class="ff3 fs2"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y54 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">em <span class="blank _0"> </span>V<span class="blank _0"> </span>eríssimo <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>Araújo <span class="blank _4"> </span>(2015)</div><div class="c xc y29 w3 he"><div class="t m0 x11 h13 y55 ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3">1</div></div><div class="t m0 x12 h11 y54 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Os <span class="blank _4"> </span>dados <span class="blank _4"> </span>analisados <span class="blank _0"> </span>irão <span class="blank _4"> </span>compreender <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>período <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>1995<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span><span class="lsa">a </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y56 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2015. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Sendo <span class="blank _9"> </span>assim, <span class="blank _9"> </span>além <span class="blank _9"> </span>desta <span class="blank _a"> </span>introdução,<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>este <span class="blank _a"> </span>artig<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>conta<span class="blank _0"> </span>, <span class="blank _9"> </span>primeiramente, <span class="blank _9"> </span>com<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>u<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _9"> </span>item </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y57 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">tratando <span class="blank _4"> </span>sobre <span class="blank _4"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>conceitos<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>gerais <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>processo <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>desindustrialização <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>como <span class="blank _4"> </span>ele <span class="blank _4"> </span>se <span class="blank _4"> </span>deu <span class="blank _4"> </span>nas </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y58 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">economias <span class="blank _9"> </span>avançada<span class="blank _1"></span>s. <span class="blank _9"> </span>A <span class="blank _9"> </span>seguir, <span class="blank _a"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>discussão <span class="blank _9"> </span>assume <span class="blank _5"> </span>um <span class="blank _9"> </span>formato <span class="blank _9"> </span>mais <span class="blank _9"> </span>restrit<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>tratando <span class="blank _9"> </span>das </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y59 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">questões <span class="blank _5"> </span>peculiare<span class="blank _1"></span>s <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>literatura <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _5"> </span>economias <span class="blank _5"> </span>perif<span class="blank _1"></span>éricas, <span class="blank _5"> </span>especificam<span class="blank _1"></span>ente, <span class="blank _4"> </span>será <span class="blank _5"> </span>tratado <span class="blank _5"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y5a ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">processo <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>desindust<span class="blank _1"></span>rialização <span class="blank _1"></span>do <span class="blank _1"></span>Bras<span class="blank _1"></span>il. O <span class="blank _1"></span>terce<span class="blank _1"></span>iro <span class="blank _1"></span>item <span class="blank _1"></span>apresenta <span class="blank _1"></span>um<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>panorama <span class="blank _1"></span>da <span class="blank _1"></span>evolução<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y5b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">do se<span class="blank _0"> </span>tor têxtil e <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>confecções. No <span class="blank _0"> </span>quarto item, será <span class="blank _0"> </span>apresentada a <span class="blank _0"> </span>metodologia econométrica </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y5c ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">e seus resultados. Po<span class="blank _1"></span>r fim, as pr<span class="blank _1"></span>incipais conc<span class="blank _1"></span>lusões serão ap<span class="blank _1"></span>resentadas. </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y5d ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div><div class="t m0 xb hd y5e ff6 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1 O processo de d<span class="blank _1"></span>esindustrialização na<span class="blank _1"></span>s economias <span class="blank _1"></span>avançadas </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y5f ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Antes de trata<span class="blank _1"></span>r do caso m<span class="blank _1"></span>ais específico das <span class="blank _1"></span>economias perifé<span class="blank _1"></span>ricas, v<span class="blank _1"></span>ale a pena trazer à </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y60 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">luz <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>di<span class="blank _0"> </span>scussão <span class="blank _0"> </span>sobre <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>processo <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>desindustria<span class="blank _1"></span>lização <span class="blank _4"> </span>nas <span class="blank _0"> </span>economias <span class="blank _0"> </span>desenvolvidas, <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>qua<span class="blank _1"></span>l </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y61 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">gerou <span class="blank _4"> </span>um <span class="blank _4"> </span>certo <span class="blank _5"> </span>debate <span class="blank _4"> </span>entre <span class="blank _4"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>economistas <span class="blank _4"> </span>durante <span class="blank _4"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>anos <span class="blank _5"> </span>80 <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>90, <span class="blank _5"> </span>principalm<span class="blank _1"></span>ente <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y62 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">processo observ<span class="blank _1"></span>ado para as <span class="blank _1"></span>economias dos Es<span class="blank _1"></span>tados Unidos e d<span class="blank _1"></span>a Inglaterra. </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y63 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">De <span class="blank _0"> </span>acordo com <span class="blank _0"> </span>Palma <span class="blank _0"> </span>(2005), o <span class="blank _0"> </span>processo <span class="blank _0"> </span>de industrialização <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>uma economia <span class="blank _0"> </span>passa </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y64 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">por <span class="blank _4"> </span>três <span class="blank _0"> </span>etapas. <span class="blank _0"> </span>A <span class="blank _4"> </span>primeira <span class="blank _0"> </span>delas, <span class="blank _0"> </span>uma <span class="blank _4"> </span>etapa <span class="blank _0"> </span>inicial <span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _0"> </span>pr<span class="blank _0"> </span>ocesso <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"></span>rodução <span class="blank _0"> </span>industrial, <span class="blank _0"> </span>seria<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y65 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">caracterizada <span class="blank _13"> </span>pelo <span class="blank _13"> </span>aumen<span class="blank _1"></span>to <span class="blank _13"> </span>da <span class="blank _14"> </span>produtivid<span class="blank _1"></span>ade <span class="blank _13"> </span>na <span class="blank _13"> </span>agricultura, <span class="blank _13"> </span>levando <span class="blank _14"> </span>à <span class="blank _13"> </span>dispensa <span class="blank _13"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y66 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">trabalhadores des<span class="blank _1"></span>te setor e à con<span class="blank _1"></span>sequente ab<span class="blank _1"></span>sorção destes <span class="blank _1"></span>pelos setore<span class="blank _1"></span>s de manufatura<span class="blank _1"></span>dos <span class="lsa">e </span>de </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y67 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">serviços. Log<span class="blank _1"></span>o, nes<span class="blank _1"></span>ta fase, <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>configuração <span class="blank _1"></span>do <span class="blank _1"></span>empreg<span class="blank _1"></span>o apresen<span class="blank _1"></span>taria um<span class="blank _1"></span>a queda <span class="blank _1"></span>da <span class="blank _1"></span>participação </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y68 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">da agricul<span class="blank _1"></span>tura com<span class="blank _1"></span> o <span class="blank _1"></span>aumento <span class="blank _1"></span>sim<span class="blank _1"></span>ultâneo das <span class="blank _1"></span>participaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ões da ind<span class="blank _1"></span>ústria e <span class="blank _1"></span>dos <span class="blank _1"></span>serviços <span class="blank _1"></span>no <span class="blank _1"></span>total </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y69 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">dos <span class="blank"> </span>empregos. <span class="blank"> </span>Já <span class="blank"> </span>na <span class="blank"> </span>segunda <span class="blank"> </span>fase <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>industr<span class="blank _1"></span>ialização, <span class="blank"> </span>quando <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>indústria <span class="blank"> </span>começa <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>se </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y6a ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">estabilizar <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>ganhar <span class="blank _0"> </span>aumento <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>produtividade, <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>participação <span class="blank _0"> </span>no <span class="blank _0"> </span>total <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>empreg<span class="blank _1"></span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>por <span class="blank _4"> </span>parte </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y6b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">da agricul<span class="blank _1"></span>tura contin<span class="blank _1"></span>uaria <span class="blank _1"></span>em<span class="blank _1"></span> queda, sendo <span class="blank _1"></span>esta <span class="blank _1"></span>queda <span class="blank _1"></span>absorvida <span class="blank _1"></span>pelo <span class="blank _1"></span>setor de <span class="blank _1"></span>serviços, <span class="blank _1"></span>porém<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y6c ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">com est<span class="blank _0"> </span>abilida<span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>parti<span class="blank _1"></span>cipação da <span class="blank _0"> </span>indústria. P<span class="blank _0"> </span>or <span class="blank _0"> </span>fim, <span class="lsa">a <span class="blank _0"> </span></span>terceira <span class="blank _0"> </span>etapa deste <span class="blank _0"> </span>processo<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>ocorria </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y6d ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">com <span class="blank _13"> </span>a <span class="blank _13"> </span>indús<span class="blank _1"></span>tria <span class="blank _13"> </span>aumenta<span class="blank _1"></span>ndo <span class="blank _13"> </span>sua <span class="blank _13"> </span>prod<span class="blank _1"></span>utividade <span class="blank _10"> </span>de <span class="blank _13"> </span>forma <span class="blank _13"> </span>significat<span class="blank _1"></span>iva. <span class="blank _13"> </span>Esse <span class="blank _10"> </span>melhor<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y6e ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">aproveitamento <span class="blank _a"> </span>dos <span class="blank _a"> </span>trabalhadores <span class="blank _a"> </span>por <span class="blank _a"> </span>parte <span class="blank _a"> </span>dos <span class="blank _a"> </span>manufaturados <span class="blank _9"> </span>levaria <span class="blank _a"> </span>a <span class="blank _11"> </span>uma <span class="blank _a"> </span>subsequente </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y6f ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">dispensa <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>trabalhadores <span class="blank _4"> </span>deste <span class="blank _5"> </span>setor, <span class="blank _5"> </span>sendo <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>agora <span class="blank _5"> </span>tanto <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>agricultura <span class="blank _5"> </span>como <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>indústria </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y70 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">passariam a dispensar trabalhadores que seriam absorvidos pelo setor de serv<span class="lsc wsf">iç</span>os. Esta<span class="blank _0"> </span> última<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y71 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">etapa seria cham<span class="blank _1"></span>ada de desindustri<span class="blank _1"></span>alização. </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y72 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Este últim<span class="blank _1"></span>o p<span class="blank _1"></span>rocesso <span class="blank _1"></span>pode <span class="blank _1"></span>ser <span class="blank _1"></span>originado <span class="blank _1"></span>por <span class="blank _1"></span>quatro <span class="blank _1"></span>dife<span class="blank _1"></span>rentes <span class="blank _1"></span>razões. <span class="blank _1"></span>A <span class="blank _1"></span>primeira<span class="blank _1"></span> delas<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y25 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">seria o <span class="blank _1"></span>fato de <span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _1"></span>país t<span class="blank _1"></span>er ati<span class="blank _1"></span>ngido um<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>determinado n<span class="blank _1"></span>ível de <span class="blank _1"></span>renda <span class="blank _1"></span>per cap<span class="blank _1"></span>ita, capaz<span class="blank _1"></span> de <span class="blank _1"></span>alterar <span class="blank _1"></span>as </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y73 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">demandas <span class="blank _1"></span>dos <span class="blank _1"></span>agentes <span class="blank _1"></span>econôm<span class="blank _1"></span>icos, <span class="blank _1"></span>levando-os <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>consum<span class="blank _1"></span>ir m<span class="blank _1"></span>ais <span class="blank _1"></span>serviços <span class="blank _1"></span>(tais <span class="blank _1"></span>como <span class="blank _1"></span>educação,<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y74 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">saúde, intermediação financeira...) do que <span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>produ<span class="blank _1"></span>tos industrializados. <span class="blank _0"> </span>A segunda <span class="blank _0"> </span>fonte seria </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y75 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">o fato <span class="blank _1"></span>de a <span class="blank _1"></span>econom<span class="blank _1"></span>ia alca<span class="blank _1"></span>nçar um<span class="blank _1"></span> dete<span class="blank _1"></span>rminado n<span class="blank _1"></span>ível de<span class="blank _1"></span> renda <span class="blank _1"></span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>édia, ating<span class="blank _1"></span>indo ou não <span class="blank _1"></span>o pont<span class="blank _1"></span>o </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y76 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">de <span class="blank _4"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>áximo <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>renda <span class="blank _0"> </span>per <span class="blank _4"> </span>capita, <span class="blank _0"> </span>mas <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>já <span class="blank _0"> </span>fosse <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>suficiente <span class="blank _0"> </span>para <span class="blank _0"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>eduzir <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>par<span class="blank _1"></span>ticipação <span class="blank _0"> </span>nas </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y77 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">manufaturas no <span class="blank _0"> </span>emprego t<span class="blank _0"> </span>otal. Esse <span class="blank _0"> </span>seria <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>caso de <span class="blank _0"> </span>alguns <span class="blank _0"> </span>países <span class="blank _0"> </span>ainda em <span class="blank _0"> </span>desenvolvim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento, </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y78 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">mesmo <span class="blank _0"> </span>sem <span class="blank _4"> </span>atingirem <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>renda <span class="blank _4"> </span>per <span class="blank _4"> </span>capita <span class="blank _4"> </span>esperada <span class="blank _0"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>mudança <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>process<span class="blank _1"></span>o, <span class="blank _4"> </span>porém<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>estes </div><div class="c xc y29 w3 he"><div class="t m0 xb h5 y79 ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div></div><div class="t m0 xd h5 y79 ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div><div class="t m0 xe h10 y7a ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3">(</div><div class="c xc y29 w3 he"><div class="t m0 x13 h10 y7a ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3">1</div></div><div class="t m0 xf h10 y7a ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">) <span class="blank"> </span>V<span class="blank _1"></span>eríssimo <span class="blank _a"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>A<span class="blank _1"></span>raújo <span class="blank"> </span>(<span class="blank _1"></span>2015) <span class="blank _a"> </span>propõem <span class="blank _a"> </span>o <span class="blank _a"> </span>Modelo <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>Vetores <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>Correção <span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>Err<span class="blank _1"></span>os <span class="blank _a"> </span>(VECM) <span class="blank _a"> </span>para <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank _a"> </span>anál<span class="blank _1"></span>ise <span class="blank _a"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 xb h10 y2f ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">desindustrialização <span class="blank _1"></span>da indústria<span class="blank _1"></span> automotiva <span class="blank _1"></span>para o período <span class="blank _1"></span>de 2000 a 2<span class="blank _1"></span>012. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 xb h4 y3 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Juliana de Paula Fill<span class="blank _1"></span>eti, Rafaela B<span class="blank _1"></span>oldrin </div><div class="t m0 xb h4 y5 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws1">864<span class="ls3 wsc"> <span class="blank _e"> </span>Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v. 29, n<span class="blank _1"></span>. 3 (70), p. 861-890<span class="blank _1"></span>, setembro-dez<span class="blank _1"></span>embro 2020.<span class="blank _1"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y54 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">começaram<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>apresentar <span class="blank _0"> </span>queda <span class="blank _0"> </span>na <span class="blank _0"> </span>participa<span class="blank _1"></span>ção <span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _0"> </span>emprego nas <span class="blank _0"> </span>manufaturas. <span class="blank _0"> </span>A t<span class="blank _0"> </span>erceira fonte </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y56 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">seria uma <span class="blank _0"> </span>queda <span class="blank _0"> </span>do ponto <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>máxim<span class="blank _1"></span>o da <span class="blank _4"> </span>curv<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>de desindustrialização. Neste <span class="blank _0"> </span>caso, países <span class="blank _0"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y57 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">ainda <span class="blank _0"> </span>não atingiram <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>nível máximo <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>renda <span class="blank _0"> </span>per <span class="blank _0"> </span>capita <span class="blank _0"> </span>necessário para <span class="blank _0"> </span>passar <span class="blank _0"> </span>pelo processo </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y58 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">de <span class="blank _a"> </span>queda<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>emprego <span class="blank _a"> </span>na <span class="blank _11"> </span>indústria, <span class="blank _11"> </span>entrariam <span class="blank _a"> </span>no <span class="blank _a"> </span>pr<span class="blank _0"> </span>ocesso <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>desindustrializaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão <span class="blank _a"> </span>por <span class="blank _11"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y59 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">mudança <span class="blank _7"> </span>do <span class="blank _7"> </span>padrão <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>comportam<span class="blank _1"></span>ento <span class="blank _7"> </span>da <span class="blank _7"> </span>curva <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>regressão <span class="blank _7"> </span>da <span class="blank _7"> </span>desindustrialização.<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y5a ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Finalmente, <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>quarta <span class="blank _3"></span>fonte seria <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>doenç<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>holandesa <span class="blank _1"></span>(o <span class="blank _1"></span>próxim<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _1"></span>item <span class="blank _1"></span>deste <span class="blank _1"></span>ar<span class="blank _1"></span>tigo <span class="blank _1"></span>irá <span class="blank _1"></span>tratar <span class="blank _1"></span>com<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y5b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">maiores <span class="blank _4"> </span>detalhes <span class="blank _4"> </span>este <span class="blank _4"> </span>caso)<span class="blank _1"></span>, <span class="blank _4"> </span>ou <span class="blank _4"> </span>seja, <span class="blank _5"> </span>um<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>redução <span class="blank _4"> </span>inesperada <span class="blank _5"> </span>no <span class="blank _4"> </span>empreg<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>industrial <span class="blank _4"> </span>(Palma, </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y5c ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2005). </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y7b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Para muitos autores, com<span class="blank _1"></span>o Rowthorn e Ram<span class="blank _1"></span>aswamy (1998) e Corden e Neary (1<span class="blank _1"></span>982), </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y7c ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">apenas <span class="blank _7"> </span>para <span class="blank _7"> </span>citar <span class="blank _10"> </span>alg<span class="blank _1"></span>uns <span class="blank _7"> </span>exemplos, <span class="blank _7"> </span>esse <span class="blank _10"> </span>proce<span class="blank _1"></span>sso <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>desindustrialização <span class="blank _7"> </span>é <span class="blank _7"> </span>natural <span class="blank _7"> </span>e, </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y5f ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">principalmente,<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>gerado <span class="blank _4"> </span>por <span class="blank _5"> </span>fatores <span class="blank _4"> </span>internos <span class="blank _5"> </span>às <span class="blank _5"> </span>econo<span class="blank _1"></span>mias <span class="blank _4"> </span>avançadas. <span class="blank _5"> </span>A <span class="blank _5"> </span>evolução <span class="blank _4"> </span>natural <span class="blank _5"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y60 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">processo <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>industrializaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão <span class="blank"> </span>acarret<span class="blank _1"></span>aria <span class="blank"> </span>num<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank"> </span>qued<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank"> </span>da <span class="blank"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"></span>articipação <span class="blank _f"> </span>das <span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>anufaturas <span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"></span>o </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y61 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">emprego <span class="blank _1"></span>total, po<span class="blank _1"></span>is, assim<span class="blank _1"></span> com<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _1"></span>um país ao <span class="blank _1"></span>se <span class="blank _1"></span>desenv<span class="blank _1"></span>olver des<span class="blank _1"></span>loca s<span class="blank _1"></span>eus gas<span class="blank _1"></span>tos co<span class="blank _1"></span>m <span class="blank _1"></span>alimentos </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y62 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">para <span class="blank _0"> </span>manufaturados, ao <span class="blank _4"> </span>se tornar <span class="blank _0"> </span>um <span class="blank _0"> </span>país <span class="blank _0"> </span>rico, <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>dem<span class="blank _1"></span>anda <span class="blank _4"> </span>pelos <span class="blank _0"> </span>manufatura<span class="blank _1"></span>dos <span class="blank _0"> </span>perde <span class="blank _0"> </span>espaço </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y7d ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">para <span class="blank _5"> </span>os <span class="blank _5"> </span>serviços. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Neste <span class="blank _5"> </span>sentido, <span class="blank _5"> </span>não <span class="blank _5"> </span>há <span class="blank _9"> </span>motivos <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>pr<span class="blank _0"> </span>eocupaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Todas <span class="blank _5"> </span>as <span class="blank _5"> </span>economias, <span class="blank _5"> </span>ao </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y7e ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">chegarem <span class="blank _13"> </span>em <span class="blank _13"> </span>se<span class="blank _0"> </span>u <span class="blank _13"> </span>es<span class="blank _0"> </span>tado <span class="blank _13"> </span>mais <span class="blank _14"> </span>avançado, <span class="blank _13"> </span>acabariam <span class="blank _14"> </span>atingindo <span class="blank _13"> </span>uma <span class="blank _14"> </span>nova <span class="blank _13"> </span>etapa <span class="blank _14"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y7f ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">desenvolvim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento, gerando <span class="blank _1"></span>a queda da partic<span class="blank _1"></span>ipação dos<span class="blank _1"></span> manufaturados. </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y66 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Mas, <span class="blank _a"> </span>apesar <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>reconhecer <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _a"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>nevitab<span class="blank _1"></span>ilidade <span class="blank _a"> </span>do <span class="blank _a"> </span>proc<span class="blank _1"></span>esso <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>desind<span class="blank _1"></span>ustrialização<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>no </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y67 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">longo <span class="blank _4"> </span>praz<span class="blank _1"></span>o, <span class="blank _4"> </span>Chang <span class="blank _0"> </span>(2004) <span class="blank _4"> </span>aleg<span class="blank _1"></span>a, <span class="blank _4"> </span>primeiram<span class="blank _1"></span>ente, <span class="blank _4"> </span>qu<span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>udança <span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>direção <span class="blank _4"> </span>aos <span class="blank _0"> </span>serviços <span class="blank _4"> </span>se </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y68 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">deve <span class="blank _5"> </span>mais <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>uma <span class="blank _5"> </span>diferença <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>produtividade <span class="blank _5"> </span>dos <span class="blank _5"> </span>setores, <span class="blank _5"> </span>devido <span class="blank _4"> </span>ao <span class="blank _9"> </span>crescimento <span class="blank _4"> </span>mais <span class="blank _5"> </span>l<span class="blank _0"> </span>ento<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y69 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">desta <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>setor <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>serviços, <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>um <span class="blank _4"> </span>aumento <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>demanda <span class="blank _4"> </span>por <span class="blank _5"> </span>serviços. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Além <span class="blank _4"> </span>disto, </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y6a ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">como <span class="blank _5"> </span>os <span class="blank _5"> </span>serviços <span class="blank _5"> </span>não <span class="blank _9"> </span>são, <span class="blank _5"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>geral, <span class="blank _5"> </span>comercializáveis, <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>autor<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>salienta <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>necessidade <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>os </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y6b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">países <span class="blank"> </span>não <span class="blank"> </span>esquecerem<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>suas <span class="blank"> </span>manufaturas, <span class="blank"> </span>usando <span class="blank"> </span>fe<span class="blank _1"></span>rramentas <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>política <span class="blank"> </span>ind<span class="blank _1"></span>ustrial <span class="blank"> </span>para </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y6c ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">fomentá-<span class="blank _1"></span>las. <span class="blank _15"> </span>Caso <span class="blank _2"> </span>contrário, <span class="blank _2"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>consequência <span class="blank _2"> </span>seria <span class="blank _2"> </span>uma <span class="blank _2"> </span>queda <span class="blank _15"> </span>no <span class="blank _2"> </span>saldo <span class="blank _2"> </span>do <span class="blank _2"> </span>Balanço <span class="blank _2"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y6d ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Pagamentos, <span class="blank _0"> </span>podendo <span class="blank _0"> </span>levar <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>grandes <span class="blank _0"> </span>problem<span class="blank _1"></span>as <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>déficits <span class="blank _0"> </span>no <span class="blank _0"> </span>futuro. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Essa <span class="blank _4"> </span>políti<span class="blank _1"></span>ca <span class="blank _4"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"></span>eve <span class="blank _0"> </span>ser </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y6e ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">destinada a m<span class="blank _1"></span>anter a pro<span class="blank _1"></span>dutividade da <span class="blank _1"></span>indústria em<span class="blank _1"></span> um<span class="blank _1"></span> nível capaz de<span class="blank _1"></span> m<span class="blank _1"></span>anter sua partic<span class="blank _1"></span>ipação </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y6f ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">no saldo comercia<span class="blank _1"></span>l. </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y80 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Este processo pode ser con<span class="blank _1"></span>siderado natura<span class="blank _1"></span>l e um resultado de um<span class="blank _1"></span> desenvolvimento de </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y81 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">longo <span class="blank _8"> </span>prazo <span class="blank _8"> </span>para <span class="blank _8"> </span>econom<span class="blank _1"></span>ias <span class="blank _8"> </span>que <span class="blank _8"> </span>atingiram <span class="blank _15"> </span>um <span class="blank _8"> </span>determinado <span class="blank _8"> </span>grau <span class="blank _8"> </span>de <span class="blank _8"> </span>desenvolvim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y72 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">econômico. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Porém<span class="blank _1"></span>, <span class="blank _4"> </span>este <span class="blank _4"> </span>artigo <span class="blank _0"> </span>se <span class="blank _4"> </span>volta <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>uma <span class="blank _4"> </span>das <span class="blank _4"> </span>questões <span class="blank _4"> </span>levantadas <span class="blank _0"> </span>por <span class="blank _4"> </span>Palma <span class="blank _4"> </span>(200<span class="blank _0"> </span>5): </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y25 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">como este mesmo processo pode <span class="blank _0"> </span>ser identificado em algumas economias periféricas, como as </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y73 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">economias <span class="blank _4"> </span>l<span class="blank _0"> </span>atino-am<span class="blank _1"></span>ericanas, <span class="blank _5"> </span>no <span class="blank _5"> </span>início <span class="blank _5"> </span>dos <span class="blank _5"> </span>anos <span class="blank _5"> </span>90<span class="blank _0"> </span>, <span class="blank _5"> </span>sem <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>estas <span class="blank _5"> </span>estivessem <span class="blank _5"> </span>no <span class="blank _5"> </span>ponto <span class="blank _5"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y74 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">renda <span class="blank _0"> </span>per <span class="blank _0"> </span>capita <span class="blank _0"> </span>responsáv<span class="blank _1"></span>el <span class="blank _0"> </span>por <span class="blank _0"> </span>inverter a <span class="blank _4"> </span>part<span class="blank _1"></span>icipação dos <span class="blank _0"> </span>diferentes <span class="blank _0"> </span>se<span class="blank _0"> </span>tores <span class="blank _0"> </span>na alocação <span class="blank _0"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y75 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">empregos. <span class="blank _11"> </span>É <span class="blank"> </span>necessár<span class="blank _1"></span>io <span class="blank _f"> </span>entender <span class="blank _f"> </span>se <span class="blank _f"> </span>esse <span class="blank _f"> </span>processo <span class="blank _11"> </span>es<span class="blank _0"> </span>tá <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>fato <span class="blank _f"> </span>ocorrendo <span class="blank _f"> </span>em<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _f"> </span>economias </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y76 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">periféricas <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>se <span class="blank _4"> </span>ele <span class="blank _0"> </span>é <span class="blank _4"> </span>resu<span class="blank _1"></span>ltado <span class="blank _4"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>um<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>doença <span class="blank _0"> </span>holandesa, <span class="blank _4"> </span>ou <span class="blank _0"> </span>até <span class="blank _0"> </span>mesmo <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>uma <span class="blank _0"> </span>alteração <span class="blank _0"> </span>na </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y77 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">política <span class="blank"> </span>econômica <span class="blank"> </span>dos <span class="blank _2"> </span>g<span class="blank _1"></span>overnos <span class="blank"> </span>deste <span class="blank _6"> </span>período. <span class="blank _2"> </span>O <span class="blank"> </span>próximo <span class="blank"> </span>it<span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank"> </span>irá <span class="blank"> </span>trabalhar, <span class="blank _2"> </span>então, <span class="blank"> </span><span class="lsb">a </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y78 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">discussão <span class="blank _5"> </span>envolv<span class="blank _1"></span>endo <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>caso <span class="blank _4"> </span>específico <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>Brasil, <span class="blank _4"> </span>avaliando <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>processo <span class="blank _4"> </span>identificado <span class="blank _4"> </span>após <span class="blank _5"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y82 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">abertura econôm<span class="blank _1"></span>ica da déca<span class="blank _1"></span>da de 90. <span class="blank _16"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y83 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 x10 h4 y3 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">A indústria <span class="blank _1"></span>têxtil no Bras<span class="blank _1"></span>il: um modelo eco<span class="blank _1"></span>nométrico analisando<span class="blank _1"></span> a hipótese <span class="blank _1"></span>de desi<span class="blank _1"></span>ndustrialização<span class="blank _1"></span> setorial </div><div class="t m0 xb h5 y5 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v. 29, n<span class="blank _1"></span>. 3 (<span class="ls4 ws1">70</span>), p. <span class="ls4 ws1">861<span class="ls0">-</span>890</span><span class="ls6">, <span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls3">setembro-d<span class="blank _1"></span>ezembro <span class="ls4 ws1">2020</span>. <span class="blank _12"> </span><span class="ls4 ws1">865</span><span class="ff3 fs2"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb hd y30 ff6 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2 Desindustria<span class="blank _1"></span>lização no <span class="blank _1"></span>Brasil </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y31 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Conforme <span class="blank _3"></span>salientado <span class="blank _3"></span>no <span class="blank _3"></span>item <span class="blank _3"></span>anterior, <span class="blank _3"></span>há <span class="blank _1"></span>um<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _3"></span>grande <span class="blank _3"></span>preocupação <span class="blank _3"></span>entre <span class="blank _3"></span>os <span class="blank _3"></span>acadêmicos </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y32 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">e <span class="blank _4"> </span>políticos <span class="blank _4"> </span>no <span class="blank _4"> </span>Brasil <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>relação <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>um<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>possível <span class="blank _4"> </span>processo <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>desindust<span class="blank _1"></span>rialização <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>economia </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y33 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">brasileira. As<span class="blank _1"></span>sim <span class="blank _1"></span>como <span class="blank _1"></span>o debate <span class="blank _1"></span>ocorrido <span class="blank _1"></span>nas ec<span class="blank _1"></span>onomias <span class="blank _1"></span>desenvolv<span class="blank _1"></span>idas nos <span class="blank _1"></span>anos 8<span class="blank _1"></span>0, a quest<span class="blank _1"></span>ão </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y34 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">sobre se está ocorrendo ou não de fato no Brasil é bastante polêm<span class="blank _1"></span>ica. Cabe, então, a pergunta:<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y35 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">há <span class="blank _1"></span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>esmo <span class="blank _1"></span>um <span class="blank _1"></span>processo <span class="blank _3"></span>de d<span class="blank _1"></span>esindustrializ<span class="blank _1"></span>ação <span class="blank _1"></span>ocorrend<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _1"></span>no <span class="blank _3"></span>Bras<span class="blank _0"> </span>il <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _3"></span>partir de <span class="blank _3"></span>meados <span class="blank _1"></span>dos <span class="blank _1"></span>anos </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y84 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">80? O <span class="blank _1"></span>que o<span class="blank _1"></span>s au<span class="blank _1"></span>tores <span class="blank _1"></span>argumentam<span class="blank _1"></span> sobre <span class="blank _1"></span>isso? <span class="blank _1"></span>Para <span class="blank _1"></span>esse <span class="blank _1"></span>debate, <span class="blank _1"></span>temos <span class="blank _1"></span>duas v<span class="blank _1"></span>isões <span class="blank _1"></span>nitidament<span class="blank _1"></span>e </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y85 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wse">distintas<span class="lsc wsc">: <span class="ls3">a dos nov<span class="blank _1"></span>o-desen<span class="blank _1"></span>volvim<span class="blank _1"></span>entistas e a dos ortodoxos.<span class="blank _1"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y38 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Num <span class="blank _5"> </span>extremo, <span class="blank _5"> </span>temos <span class="blank _5"> </span>os <span class="blank _9"> </span>assim <span class="blank _5"> </span>chamados <span class="blank _5"> </span>novo-desenvolvimentistas, <span class="blank _4"> </span>tal<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>como <span class="blank _4"> </span>C<span class="blank _0"> </span>ano </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y39 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">(2012) <span class="blank _a"> </span>e <span class="blank _a"> </span>Sarti <span class="blank _a"> </span>e <span class="blank _a"> </span>Hiratuka <span class="blank _a"> </span>(2011), <span class="blank _a"> </span>que <span class="blank _a"> </span>defendem<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>a <span class="blank _a"> </span>tese <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>que <span class="blank _11"> </span>a <span class="blank _a"> </span>econom<span class="blank _1"></span>ia <span class="blank _a"> </span>brasileira <span class="blank _a"> </span>vem </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y3a ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">passando <span class="blank"> </span>por <span class="blank _2"> </span>um <span class="blank"> </span>processo <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>desindustrialização <span class="blank"> </span>nos <span class="blank _2"> </span>últimos <span class="blank"> </span>20 <span class="blank _6"> </span>anos<span class="blank _0"> </span>, <span class="blank"> </span>fomentado <span class="blank"> </span>pela </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y3b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">combinação <span class="blank _11"> </span>perversa <span class="blank _f"> </span>entre<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _f"> </span>abertura <span class="blank _11"> </span>financeira, valorização <span class="blank _11"> </span>dos <span class="blank _11"> </span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>erm<span class="blank _1"></span>os <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>troca <span class="blank _f"> </span>e <span class="blank _f"> </span>câmbio </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y12 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">apreciado. <span class="blank _9"> </span>No <span class="blank _9"> </span>outro, <span class="blank _9"> </span>es<span class="blank _0"> </span>tão<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>os <span class="blank _a"> </span>assim <span class="blank _5"> </span>intitulados <span class="blank _a"> </span>econ<span class="blank _1"></span>omistas <span class="blank _9"> </span>ortodoxos, <span class="blank _9"> </span>tal <span class="blank _9"> </span>como <span class="blank _9"> </span>Bonelli<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="lsa">e </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y86 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Pessoa <span class="blank _9"> </span>(2010), <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _a"> </span>alegam<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _a"> </span>as <span class="blank _9"> </span>mudanças <span class="blank _a"> </span>pelas <span class="blank _9"> </span>quais <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _a"> </span>econom<span class="blank _1"></span>ia <span class="blank _a"> </span>bras<span class="blank _1"></span>ileira <span class="blank _9"> </span>passou <span class="blank _9"> </span>nas </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y63 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">últimas <span class="blank _1"></span>década<span class="blank _1"></span>s <span class="blank _1"></span>não <span class="blank _1"></span>t<span class="blank _1"></span>iveram um <span class="blank _3"></span>ef<span class="blank _0"> </span>eito <span class="blank _1"></span>neg<span class="blank _1"></span>ativo <span class="blank _3"></span>sobr<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"></span>a indústria <span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _3"></span>que <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>aprec<span class="blank _1"></span>iação <span class="blank _1"></span>do <span class="blank _3"></span>câmbio </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y64 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">real <span class="blank _0"> </span>resultante dessas <span class="blank _0"> </span>reform<span class="blank _1"></span>as beneficiou <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>indústria ao <span class="blank _0"> </span>permitir a <span class="blank _0"> </span>importação <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>máquinas e </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y65 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">equipamentos <span class="blank _1"></span>tecno<span class="blank _1"></span>logicam<span class="blank _1"></span>ente m<span class="blank _1"></span>ais <span class="blank _1"></span>avançados, <span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _1"></span>que <span class="blank _1"></span>possibilitou <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>odernização <span class="blank _1"></span>do <span class="blank _1"></span>parque </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y66 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">industrial <span class="blank _0"> </span>brasileiro <span class="blank _0"> </span>e, <span class="blank _0"> </span>consequentemente, <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>expa<span class="blank _0"> </span>nsão<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>própria<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>produção <span class="blank _0"> </span>industrial<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>(Oreiro;<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y67 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Feijó, 2010). </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y87 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">De <span class="blank _5"> </span>acor<span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>com <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>visão <span class="blank _9"> </span>ortodoxa, <span class="blank _9"> </span>aqui <span class="blank _9"> </span>representada <span class="blank _5"> </span>por <span class="blank _9"> </span>Bonelli <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>Pessoa <span class="blank _5"> </span>(2010), <span class="blank _9"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y88 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">evidência <span class="blank _1"></span>p<span class="blank _1"></span>assada <span class="blank _3"></span>não <span class="blank _1"></span>autor<span class="blank _1"></span>iza <span class="blank _1"></span>diag<span class="blank _1"></span>nosticar <span class="blank _1"></span>a<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>exis<span class="blank _1"></span>tência <span class="blank _1"></span>de<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>um<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>proce<span class="blank _1"></span>sso <span class="blank _1"></span>de<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>desindu<span class="blank _1"></span>strialização<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y89 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">no <span class="blank _a"> </span>Brasil. <span class="blank _a"> </span>Na <span class="blank _a"> </span>verdade, <span class="blank _a"> </span>defendem <span class="blank _a"> </span>os <span class="blank _a"> </span>autores, <span class="blank _a"> </span>até <span class="blank _a"> </span>a <span class="blank _a"> </span>década <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>1980 <span class="blank _a"> </span>a <span class="blank _a"> </span>estrutura <span class="blank _a"> </span>econômica </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y8a ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">brasileira <span class="blank _5"> </span>impulsionada <span class="blank _5"> </span>pela <span class="blank _9"> </span>substituição <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>importações <span class="blank _5"> </span>foi <span class="blank _9"> </span>viesada <span class="blank _5"> </span>em <span class="blank _9"> </span>favor <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank _9"> </span>indústria. </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y8b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Argumentam<span class="blank _1"></span> que a <span class="blank _0"> </span>partir dos <span class="blank _0"> </span>anos 1990, o <span class="blank _0"> </span>Brasil passou por diversas reform<span class="blank _1"></span>as, alterando sua </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y8c ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">estratégia <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>desenvolvim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento, <span class="blank _5"> </span>seguida <span class="blank _5"> </span>desde <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>década <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>1930, <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>uma <span class="blank _5"> </span>política <span class="blank _5"> </span>fechada <span class="blank _5"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y8d ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">pouco <span class="blank _0"> </span>competitiva. <span class="blank _0"> </span>A <span class="blank _4"> </span>partir <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>então, <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>país <span class="blank _0"> </span>atravessou <span class="blank _0"> </span>uma <span class="blank _4"> </span>abertura <span class="blank _0"> </span>comercial, <span class="blank _0"> </span>privatizou <span class="blank _0"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y8e ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">maioria <span class="blank _5"> </span>das <span class="blank _9"> </span>empresas <span class="blank _9"> </span>estatais, <span class="blank _9"> </span>liquidou <span class="blank _9"> </span>monopól<span class="blank _1"></span>ios <span class="blank _9"> </span>públicos <span class="blank _5"> </span>na <span class="blank _9"> </span>infraestrutura, <span class="blank _9"> </span>promov<span class="blank _1"></span>eu <span class="blank _9"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y80 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">desregulação <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>diversos <span class="blank _f"> </span>setores <span class="blank"> </span>eco<span class="blank _1"></span>nômicos, <span class="blank _f"> </span>adotou <span class="blank _f"> </span>postura <span class="blank _f"> </span>mais <span class="blank"> </span>ab<span class="blank _1"></span>erta <span class="blank _f"> </span>em <span class="blank"> </span>re<span class="blank _1"></span>lação <span class="blank _f"> </span>ao<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y81 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">investim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento <span class="blank _4"> </span>estrang<span class="blank _1"></span>eiro <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>controlou <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>inflação. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Mas <span class="blank _4"> </span>é <span class="blank _0"> </span>reconhecido <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>setor <span class="blank _4"> </span>industria<span class="blank _1"></span>l <span class="blank _4"> </span>fo<span class="blank _1"></span>i </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y72 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">afetado por essas m<span class="blank _1"></span>udanças (Bonelli; P<span class="blank _1"></span>essôa, 2010). </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y8f ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">As perdas de <span class="blank _0"> </span>participação da indústria no PIB a part<span class="blank _0"> </span>ir dos anos <span class="blank _0"> </span>1990, afirmam<span class="blank _1"></span>, foram </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y90 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">devidas <span class="blank _0"> </span>principalmente <span class="blank _4"> </span>à <span class="blank _0"> </span>instabilidade <span class="blank _0"> </span>macroeconôm<span class="blank _1"></span>ica, <span class="blank _4"> </span>à <span class="blank _4"> </span>libera<span class="blank _1"></span>lização <span class="blank _0"> </span>comercial <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>também </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y91 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">por <span class="blank"> </span>conta<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>das <span class="blank _f"> </span>mudanças <span class="blank _f"> </span>estruturais <span class="blank"> </span>operando <span class="blank _f"> </span>em <span class="blank _f"> </span>longo <span class="blank"> </span>prazo <span class="blank"> </span>na <span class="blank _f"> </span>economia <span class="blank _f"> </span>global. <span class="blank"> </span>Eles<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y92 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">concluem <span class="blank _3"></span>que <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _3"></span>indústria <span class="blank _3"></span>brasileira <span class="blank _3"></span>apresentava <span class="blank _3"></span>comportamento <span class="blank _3"></span>desviante <span class="blank _3"></span>com <span class="blank _3"></span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>elação <span class="blank _3"></span>à <span class="blank _3"></span>norma </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y93 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">internacional <span class="blank _3"></span>para <span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _3"></span>período <span class="blank _3"></span>anterior <span class="blank _1"></span>à <span class="blank _3"></span>liberalização <span class="blank _3"></span>da <span class="blank _1"></span>econom<span class="blank _1"></span>ia <span class="blank _3"></span>na p<span class="blank _1"></span>rimeira <span class="blank _3"></span>metade <span class="blank _3"></span>da <span class="blank _1"></span>décad<span class="blank _1"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y94 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">de <span class="blank _5"> </span>1990. <span class="blank _5"> </span>A <span class="blank _5"> </span>participaçã<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>ndústria <span class="blank _4"> </span>no <span class="blank _5"> </span>produto <span class="blank _5"> </span>extrapolava <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>nível <span class="blank _5"> </span>previsto <span class="blank _5"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>função <span class="blank _5"> </span>do<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y95 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">estágio de dese<span class="blank _1"></span>nvolvim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento econômico de no<span class="blank _1"></span>ssa indús<span class="blank _1"></span>tria. A de<span class="blank _1"></span>speito da esc<span class="blank _1"></span>assa ev<span class="blank _1"></span>idênci<span class="blank _0"> </span>a de<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y96 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">desindustrialização <span class="blank _0"> </span>no <span class="blank _0"> </span>Brasil, <span class="blank _4"> </span>eles <span class="blank _0"> </span>alegam <span class="blank _0"> </span>não <span class="blank _4"> </span>ser <span class="blank _4"> </span>exag<span class="blank _1"></span>ero <span class="blank _4"> </span>considerar <span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>riscos <span class="blank _0"> </span>potenciais <span class="blank _0"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y97 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">uma <span class="blank _3"></span>fase <span class="blank _3"></span>de <span class="blank _3"></span>déficits <span class="blank _3"></span>vultosos <span class="blank _3"></span>em <span class="blank _3"></span>transações <span class="blank _3"></span>correntes. <span class="blank _3"></span>O <span class="blank _3"></span>Brasil <span class="blank _3"></span>com<span class="blank _1"></span>eça <span class="blank _3"></span>a <span class="blank _3"></span>atravessar <span class="blank _3"></span>tal <span class="blank _3"></span>processo<span class="blank _1"></span> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 xb h4 y3 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Juliana de Paula Fill<span class="blank _1"></span>eti, Rafaela B<span class="blank _1"></span>oldrin </div><div class="t m0 xb h4 y5 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws1">866<span class="ls3 wsc"> <span class="blank _e"> </span>Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v. 29, n<span class="blank _1"></span>. 3 (70), p. 861-890<span class="blank _1"></span>, setembro-dez<span class="blank _1"></span>embro 2020.<span class="blank _1"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y54 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">e <span class="blank _1"></span>é <span class="blank _1"></span>pos<span class="blank _1"></span>sível <span class="blank _1"></span>que <span class="blank _3"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>ameaça <span class="blank _1"></span>d<span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _1"></span>desindu<span class="blank _1"></span>strialização <span class="blank _3"></span>venha <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>se <span class="blank _1"></span>tor<span class="blank _1"></span>nar <span class="blank _1"></span>concre<span class="blank _1"></span>ta, <span class="blank _1"></span>nos <span class="blank _3"></span>próximos <span class="blank _1"></span>anos<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y56 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">(Bonelli; Pessôa, 2010<span class="blank _1"></span>). </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y32 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Já para<span class="blank _1"></span> auto<span class="blank _1"></span>res com<span class="blank _1"></span>o Cano <span class="blank _1"></span>(2012), <span class="blank _1"></span>aqui <span class="blank _1"></span>caracte<span class="blank _1"></span>rizado <span class="blank _1"></span>com<span class="blank _1"></span>o nov<span class="blank _1"></span>o-desenvolvimentista, </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y33 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">não <span class="blank _5"> </span>há <span class="blank _9"> </span>dúvidas <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>país <span class="blank _5"> </span>passa <span class="blank _9"> </span>por <span class="blank _5"> </span>um <span class="blank _5"> </span>processo <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>desi<span class="blank _0"> </span>ndus<span class="blank _1"></span>trialização <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>os <span class="blank _5"> </span>pri<span class="blank _0"> </span>ncip<span class="blank _1"></span>ais </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y34 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">fatores <span class="blank _0"> </span>para <span class="blank _0"> </span>esse <span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="lsd ws10">mo<span class="blank"> </span></span>vimento <span class="blank _0"> </span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>em si<span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>política <span class="blank _0"> </span>cambial, <span class="blank _0"> </span>instaurada a <span class="blank _4"> </span>partir <span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _0"> </span>Plano <span class="blank _0"> </span>Real, <span class="blank _0"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y35 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">abertura <span class="blank _0"> </span>desregrada <span class="blank _0"> </span>pela <span class="blank _0"> </span>qual <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>Bra<span class="blank _1"></span>sil <span class="blank _0"> </span>passou <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>passa des<span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>1989, <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>axa <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>juros <span class="blank _0"> </span>elevada <span class="blank _0"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y84 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">país, <span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _3"></span>investimento <span class="blank _1"></span>d<span class="blank _1"></span>ireto <span class="blank _1"></span>e<span class="blank _1"></span>strangeiro <span class="blank _3"></span>e, <span class="blank _1"></span>por <span class="blank _1"></span>f<span class="blank _1"></span>im, <span class="blank _3"></span>o fato <span class="blank _3"></span>da ec<span class="blank _1"></span>onomia <span class="blank _3"></span>mundial <span class="blank _1"></span>ter <span class="blank _3"></span>desace<span class="blank _0"> </span>lerado. </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y85 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Esse <span class="blank _17"> </span>conjunto <span class="blank _17"> </span>de <span class="blank _17"> </span>f<span class="blank _1"></span>atores <span class="blank _17"> </span>v<span class="blank _1"></span>em <span class="blank _17"> </span>proporcionando <span class="blank _17"> </span>ao <span class="blank _17"> </span>B<span class="blank _1"></span>rasil <span class="blank _17"> </span>um <span class="blank _17"> </span>cenár<span class="blank _1"></span>io <span class="blank _17"> </span>evidente <span class="blank _17"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"></span>e </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y7b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">desindustrialização <span class="blank _3"></span>caracteriz<span class="blank _1"></span>ada, <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _3"></span>acordo <span class="blank _3"></span>com <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _3"></span>definição <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _3"></span>Tregenna <span class="blank _1"></span>(20<span class="blank _1"></span>09), <span class="blank _3"></span>pela <span class="blank _1"></span>situaçã<span class="blank _1"></span>o </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y7c ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">na <span class="blank _5"> </span>qual <span class="blank _5"> </span>tanto <span class="blank _9"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>emprego <span class="blank _5"> </span>industrial <span class="blank _5"> </span>como <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>valor <span class="blank _5"> </span>adicionado <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>indústria <span class="blank _9"> </span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>eduz<span class="blank _1"></span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>como </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y5f ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">proporção do em<span class="blank _1"></span>prego total e do PI<span class="blank _1"></span>B, respectivam<span class="blank _1"></span>ente. </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y3b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Sarti <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>Hiratuka <span class="blank _0"> </span>(2011), <span class="blank _0"> </span>adeptos <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _0"> </span>visão <span class="blank _0"> </span>desenv<span class="blank _1"></span>olvimentista, <span class="blank _0"> </span>vão <span class="blank _0"> </span>relatar <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>partir </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y12 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">de <span class="blank _4"> </span>1980, <span class="blank _0"> </span>com <span class="blank _4"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"> </span>mudanças<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>nos <span class="blank _0"> </span>condicionantes <span class="blank _4"> </span>interno<span class="blank _1"></span>s <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>externos <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>opção<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>pela <span class="blank _0"> </span>adoção <span class="blank _4"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y86 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">sucessivas <span class="blank _5"> </span>políticas <span class="blank _9"> </span>econômicas <span class="blank _9"> </span>restritivas <span class="blank _5"> </span>ao <span class="blank _9"> </span>desenvolvim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento <span class="blank _9"> </span>industrial, <span class="blank _9"> </span>observ<span class="blank _1"></span>ou<span class="blank _0"> </span>-se <span class="blank _5"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y63 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">perda <span class="blank"> </span>relativa <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>dinamism<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank"> </span>da <span class="blank"> </span>indústria <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>do <span class="blank"> </span>processo <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>convergência <span class="blank"> </span>das <span class="blank"> </span>estruturas<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y64 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">produtivas, <span class="blank _a"> </span>distanciando <span class="blank _a"> </span>o <span class="blank _a"> </span>Brasil <span class="blank _a"> </span>das <span class="blank _a"> </span>economias <span class="blank _a"> </span>avançadas <span class="blank _a"> </span>e <span class="blank _a"> </span>mesmo <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>outros <span class="blank _a"> </span>paí<span class="blank _0"> </span>ses <span class="blank _a"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y65 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">desenvolvim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento. </div><div class="t m0 x14 h14 y98 ff3 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">A <span class="blank _4"> </span>frustração <span class="blank _5"> </span>acumulada <span class="blank _4"> </span>ao <span class="blank _5"> </span>longo <span class="blank _4"> </span>dos <span class="blank _4"> </span>anos <span class="blank _5"> </span>80 <span class="blank _4"> </span>deu <span class="blank _5"> </span>fôlego <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>uma <span class="blank _4"> </span>gui<span class="blank _0"> </span>nada <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>ter<span class="blank _0"> </span>mos <span class="blank _4"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x14 h14 y99 ff3 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">estratégia <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>dese<span class="blank _0"> </span>nvolvimento. <span class="blank _6"> </span>Em <span class="blank"> </span>relação<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>à <span class="blank _6"> </span>estrutura <span class="blank"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>conômica <span class="blank _6"> </span>mais <span class="blank"> </span>pro<span class="blank _0"> </span>tegida <span class="blank"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x14 h14 y9a ff3 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">autárquica <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>período<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>anterior, <span class="blank _4"> </span>id<span class="blank _0"> </span>entificada <span class="blank _4"> </span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>mo <span class="blank _4"> </span>grande <span class="blank _4"> </span>c<span class="blank _0"> </span>ausadora <span class="blank _4"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>estagnação <span class="blank _4"> </span>e<span class="blank _4"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x14 h14 y9b ff3 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">ineficiência <span class="blank"> </span>pro<span class="blank _0"> </span>dutiva <span class="blank"> </span>observou-<span class="blank _0"> </span>se <span class="blank"> </span>o <span class="blank"> </span>predo<span class="blank _0"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>ínio <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>u<span class="blank _0"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank"> </span>po<span class="blank _0"> </span>lítica <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>maior <span class="blank"> </span>abertur<span class="blank _0"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x14 h14 y9c ff3 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">comercial <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>financeira, <span class="blank _9"> </span>ao <span class="blank _9"> </span>mesmo <span class="blank _5"> </span>te<span class="blank _0"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>po <span class="blank _5"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>papel <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>Estad<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>era <span class="blank _5"> </span>red<span class="blank _0"> </span>uzido, <span class="blank _5"> </span>seja </div><div class="t m0 x14 h14 y9d ff3 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">diretamente <span class="blank _a"> </span>atr<span class="blank _0"> </span>avés <span class="blank _a"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _a"> </span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>rocesso <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>pr<span class="blank _0"> </span>ivatização, <span class="blank _a"> </span>sej<span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _a"> </span>através <span class="blank _a"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _a"> </span>retirad<span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _a"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _a"> </span>políticas </div><div class="t m0 x14 h14 y9e ff3 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">seletivas <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>buscavam <span class="blank _5"> </span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>ordenar <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>induzir <span class="blank _5"> </span>ações <span class="blank _5"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>setor <span class="blank _5"> </span>privado. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Esperava<span class="blank _0"> </span>-se <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x14 h14 y9f ff3 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">setor <span class="blank _1"></span>privado, em<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>especial <span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _1"></span>setor privado <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>capital <span class="blank _1"></span>estrangeiro, <span class="blank _1"></span>fosse <span class="blank _1"></span>capaz <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>liderar <span class="blank _1"></span>um </div><div class="t m0 x14 h14 ya0 ff3 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">novo <span class="blank _11"> </span>ciclo <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>investimento <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank _11"> </span>cresci<span class="blank _0"> </span>mento, <span class="blank _11"> </span>com <span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>aior <span class="blank"> </span>especialização, <span class="blank _11"> </span>modernizaç<span class="blank _0"> </span>ão,<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x14 h14 ya1 ff3 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">maior <span class="blank _4"> </span>transferência <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>tec<span class="blank _0"> </span>nologia <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>maior <span class="blank _4"> </span>inserção<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>internaci<span class="blank _0"> </span>onal <span class="blank _4"> </span>(Sarti; <span class="blank _4"> </span>H<span class="blank _0"> </span>iratuka, <span class="blank _4"> </span>2011<span class="blank _0"> </span>, </div><div class="t m0 x14 h14 ya2 ff3 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">p. 3). </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 ya3 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Assim <span class="blank _4"> </span>como <span class="blank _4"> </span>Cano <span class="blank _4"> </span>(2012), <span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _5"> </span>autores<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>vão <span class="blank _4"> </span>defender <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>desde <span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>anos <span class="blank _5"> </span>1980 <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>Brasil </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 ya4 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">vive <span class="blank _1"></span>um processo <span class="blank _1"></span>de de<span class="blank _1"></span>sindustrializaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão ocasionado <span class="blank _1"></span>po<span class="blank _1"></span>r divers<span class="blank _1"></span>as polít<span class="blank _1"></span>icas adotadas, ta<span class="blank _1"></span>is com<span class="blank _1"></span>o </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 ya5 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">a <span class="blank _0"> </span>abertura comercial, <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>papel do <span class="blank _0"> </span>Estado r<span class="blank _0"> </span>eduz<span class="blank _1"></span>ido <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>a política <span class="blank _0"> </span>cambial.<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>Para <span class="blank _0"> </span>eles, a <span class="blank _0"> </span>persistente </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 ya6 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">valorização cambial da moeda doméstica e as <span class="blank _0"> </span>condições favoráveis de demanda e de <span class="blank _0"> </span>preços à </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 ya7 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">produção e exportação de commodities agrícolas, metálicas e minerais, somadas às vantagens </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 ya8 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">competitivas <span class="blank _9"> </span>já <span class="blank _11"> </span>existentes,<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>representariam<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>mais <span class="blank _a"> </span>riscos <span class="blank _a"> </span>que <span class="blank _a"> </span>oportunidades <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _a"> </span>poderiam <span class="blank _a"> </span>vir <span class="blank _a"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 ya9 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">caracterizar, <span class="blank _11"> </span>dependendo <span class="blank _11"> </span>das <span class="blank _f"> </span>políticas <span class="blank _11"> </span>nacionais <span class="blank _f"> </span>adotadas, <span class="blank _11"> </span>um <span class="blank _f"> </span>processo <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>especializ<span class="blank _1"></span>ação </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 yaa ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">regressiva <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>pauta <span class="blank _0"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>produção. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Es<span class="blank _1"></span>se <span class="blank _4"> </span>fenôm<span class="blank _1"></span>eno, <span class="blank _0"> </span>conhecido <span class="blank _4"> </span>como <span class="blank _0"> </span>doença <span class="blank _4"> </span>holan<span class="blank _1"></span>desa, <span class="blank _4"> </span>seria <span class="blank _0"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 yab ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">crônica <span class="blank _4"> </span>sobreapreciação <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>taxa <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>câ<span class="blank _0"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>bio <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>um <span class="blank _4"> </span>país <span class="blank _5"> </span>causada <span class="blank _4"> </span>pela <span class="blank _4"> </span>exploração <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>recursos </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 yac ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">abundantes <span class="blank _a"> </span>e <span class="blank _a"> </span>baratos, <span class="blank _a"> </span>cuja <span class="blank _a"> </span>produção <span class="blank _a"> </span>e <span class="blank _a"> </span>exportação <span class="blank _a"> </span>é <span class="blank _a"> </span>compatível <span class="blank _a"> </span>com <span class="blank _a"> </span>uma <span class="blank _a"> </span>taxa <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>câmbio </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 yad ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">claramente <span class="blank _b"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>ais <span class="blank _b"> </span>aprec<span class="blank _1"></span>iada <span class="blank _b"> </span>comparada <span class="blank _b"> </span>à <span class="blank _b"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"></span>axa <span class="blank _b"> </span>de <span class="blank _18"> </span>câmbio <span class="blank _18"> </span>que <span class="blank _18"> </span>torna <span class="blank _b"> </span>competitivas<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 yae ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">internacionalm<span class="blank _1"></span>ente <span class="blank _0"> </span>as <span class="blank _0"> </span>demais <span class="blank _0"> </span>empres<span class="blank _1"></span>as <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>bens <span class="blank _0"> </span>comercial<span class="blank _1"></span>izáveis, <span class="blank _0"> </span>as <span class="blank _0"> </span>quais <span class="blank _0"> </span>usam<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>tecnologia </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><div class="t m0 x10 h4 y3 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">A indústria <span class="blank _1"></span>têxtil no Bras<span class="blank _1"></span>il: um modelo eco<span class="blank _1"></span>nométrico analisando<span class="blank _1"></span> a hipótese <span class="blank _1"></span>de desi<span class="blank _1"></span>ndustrialização<span class="blank _1"></span> setorial </div><div class="t m0 xb h5 y5 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v. 29, n<span class="blank _1"></span>. 3 (<span class="ls4 ws1">70</span>), p. <span class="ls4 ws1">861<span class="ls0">-</span>890</span><span class="ls6">, <span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls3">setembro-d<span class="blank _1"></span>ezembro <span class="ls4 ws1">2020</span>. <span class="blank _12"> </span><span class="ls4 ws1">867</span><span class="ff3 fs2"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y54 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">mais <span class="blank _4"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>oderna <span class="blank _4"> </span>existente <span class="blank _4"> </span>no <span class="blank _0"> </span>mundo <span class="blank _4"> </span>(Bresser-Pereira; <span class="blank _0"> </span>Ma<span class="blank _0"> </span>rconi; <span class="blank _0"> </span>Oreiro, <span class="blank _4"> </span>2014, <span class="blank _4"> </span>p. <span class="blank _4"> </span>3). <span class="blank _4"> </span>Assim<span class="blank _1"></span>, <span class="blank _4"> </span>os </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y56 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">autores vão defen<span class="blank _1"></span>der que: </div><div class="t m0 x14 h14 yaf ff3 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">A <span class="blank"> </span>desindustrialização <span class="blank"> </span>ser<span class="blank _0"> </span>ia <span class="blank"> </span>identificada <span class="blank"> </span>não <span class="blank"> </span>ap<span class="blank _0"> </span>enas <span class="blank"> </span>com <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>perda <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>importância <span class="blank"> </span>da<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x14 h14 yb0 ff3 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">indústria <span class="blank _0"> </span>no <span class="blank _0"> </span>PIB<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>ou <span class="blank _0"> </span>no <span class="blank _0"> </span>emprego <span class="blank _0"> </span>total,<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>mas <span class="blank _0"> </span>também <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>partir <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>udanças <span class="blank _0"> </span>na <span class="blank _0"> </span>estr<span class="blank _0"> </span>utura <span class="blank _0"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x14 h14 yb1 ff3 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">produção <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>indústria, <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>par<span class="blank _0"> </span>ticular <span class="blank _4"> </span>pela <span class="blank _5"> </span>maior <span class="blank _4"> </span>particip<span class="blank _0"> </span>ação <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>setores <span class="blank _4"> </span>mais <span class="blank _4"> </span>inte<span class="blank _0"> </span>nsivos </div><div class="t m0 x14 h14 yb2 ff3 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">em <span class="blank _10"> </span>recursos <span class="blank _10"> </span>na<span class="blank _0"> </span>turais <span class="blank _10"> </span>e <span class="blank _10"> </span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _10"> </span>menor <span class="blank _10"> </span>ca<span class="blank _0"> </span>pacidade <span class="blank _10"> </span>de <span class="blank _13"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"></span>ncadeamentos <span class="blank _10"> </span>pro<span class="blank _0"> </span>dutivos <span class="blank _10"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x14 h14 yb3 ff3 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">tecnológicos <span class="blank _5"> </span>vis<span class="blank _0"> </span>-à-vis <span class="blank _5"> </span>setores<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>mais <span class="blank _5"> </span>inten<span class="blank _0"> </span>sivos <span class="blank _5"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>cap<span class="blank _0"> </span>ital, <span class="blank _5"> </span>conhecimento <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>tecnologia <span class="blank _5"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x14 h14 yb4 ff3 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">assim com maior cap<span class="blank _0"> </span>acidade de encadea<span class="blank _0"> </span>mentos (Sarti; Hirat<span class="blank _0"> </span>uka, 2011, p. 7).<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y7b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Finalizando o <span class="blank _1"></span>debate <span class="blank _1"></span>teórico <span class="blank _1"></span>sobre o <span class="blank _1"></span>processo <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>desindustrial<span class="blank _1"></span>ização, c<span class="blank _1"></span>abe a <span class="blank _1"></span>discussão<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y7c ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">sobre os determinantes de u<span class="blank _1"></span>m processo de desindustr<span class="blank _1"></span>ialização, tanto no<span class="blank _1"></span>s países desenv<span class="blank _1"></span>olvidos </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y5f ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">como <span class="blank _f"> </span>nos <span class="blank"> </span>países <span class="blank _11"> </span>em <span class="blank"> </span>dese<span class="blank _1"></span>nvolvimento. <span class="blank _f"> </span>De <span class="blank"> </span>acord<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _f"> </span>com <span class="blank _f"> </span>Hiratuka <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank _f"> </span>Sarti <span class="blank _f"> </span>(2017), <span class="blank"> </span>há <span class="blank _f"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y60 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">dificuldade <span class="blank _4"> </span>por <span class="blank _4"> </span>parte <span class="blank _4"> </span>dos <span class="blank _4"> </span>autores, <span class="blank _4"> </span>independentem<span class="blank _1"></span>ente <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>sua <span class="blank _4"> </span>visão<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>teórica, <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>identificar <span class="blank _4"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y61 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">transformações m<span class="blank _1"></span>ais profun<span class="blank _1"></span>das que oco<span class="blank _1"></span>rrem no sistem<span class="blank _1"></span>a produtivo g<span class="blank _1"></span>lobal. </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y86 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">De um l<span class="blank _0"> </span>ado, os <span class="blank _0"> </span>países <span class="blank _0"> </span>desenv<span class="blank _1"></span>olvidos <span class="blank _0"> </span>tomam parte <span class="blank _0"> </span>no processo <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>desindus<span class="blank _1"></span>trialização </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y63 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">em <span class="blank _17"> </span>um<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _17"> </span>processo <span class="blank _17"> </span>de <span class="blank _17"> </span>transform<span class="blank _1"></span>ação <span class="blank _17"> </span>das <span class="blank _17"> </span>Em<span class="blank _1"></span>presas <span class="blank _17"> </span>Transnac<span class="blank _1"></span>ionais, <span class="blank _17"> </span>com<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _17"> </span>forma <span class="blank _17"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y64 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">desverticalização <span class="blank _8"> </span>da <span class="blank _7"> </span>produção. <span class="blank _7"> </span>As <span class="blank _7"> </span>empresas <span class="blank _7"> </span>mantêm <span class="blank _8"> </span>o <span class="blank _10"> </span>seu <span class="blank _7"> </span><span class="ff5">core <span class="blank _7"> </span>business</span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>nos <span class="blank _7"> </span>países </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y65 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">desenvolvidos <span class="blank _3"></span>e <span class="blank _1"></span>tercei<span class="blank _1"></span>rizam <span class="blank _3"></span>atividades <span class="blank _3"></span>secundárias <span class="blank _1"></span>pa<span class="blank _1"></span>ra <span class="blank _3"></span>países <span class="blank _1"></span>em <span class="blank _3"></span>desenvolvimento<span class="blank _1"></span>, <span class="blank _1"></span>g<span class="blank _1"></span>anhando </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y66 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">com <span class="blank _9"> </span>cust<span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _9"> </span>menores <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>pr<span class="blank _1"></span>odução. <span class="blank _a"> </span>Neste <span class="blank _9"> </span>cenário, <span class="blank _a"> </span>os <span class="blank _9"> </span>países <span class="blank _a"> </span>asiáticos, <span class="blank _9"> </span>com <span class="blank _9"> </span>dest<span class="blank _0"> </span>aque <span class="blank _9"> </span>para <span class="blank _a"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y67 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">China, <span class="blank"> </span>saem<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>na <span class="blank"> </span>frente <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>se <span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>ostram <span class="blank"> </span>com<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank"> </span>grandes <span class="blank"> </span>potênci<span class="blank _1"></span>as <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>atração <span class="blank"> </span>da<span class="blank _1"></span>s <span class="blank"> </span>atividades </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y68 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">secundárias, <span class="blank _4"> </span>devido <span class="blank _5"> </span>aos <span class="blank _4"> </span>baixos <span class="blank _5"> </span>custos <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>mão <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>obra. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Mas, <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>concentração <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>centralização </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y69 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">permanecem<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>nos <span class="blank _8"> </span>países <span class="blank _15"> </span>des<span class="blank _0"> </span>envolvidos<span class="blank _1"></span>, <span class="blank _8"> </span>com <span class="blank _15"> </span>pr<span class="blank _0"> </span>oce<span class="blank _1"></span>ssos <span class="blank _8"> </span>de <span class="blank _15"> </span>f<span class="blank _0"> </span>usão <span class="blank _15"> </span>e <span class="blank _8"> </span>aquisição <span class="blank _15"> </span>e <span class="blank _8"> </span>com <span class="blank _8"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y6a ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">manutenção da pe<span class="blank _1"></span>squisa e desenv<span class="blank _1"></span>olvim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento em seus países or<span class="blank _1"></span>iginais. </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y8a ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Por <span class="blank"> </span>outro <span class="blank _f"> </span>lado, <span class="blank"> </span>os <span class="blank"> </span>países <span class="blank"> </span>em<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>desenvolv<span class="blank _1"></span>imento, <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank _f"> </span>partir <span class="blank"> </span>do <span class="blank"> </span>processo <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>abertura </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y8b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">comercial <span class="blank _a"> </span>e <span class="blank _a"> </span>financeira <span class="blank _a"> </span>ocorrida <span class="blank _a"> </span>no <span class="blank _a"> </span>início <span class="blank _a"> </span>dos <span class="blank _a"> </span>anos <span class="blank _11"> </span>90, <span class="blank _a"> </span>que <span class="blank _11"> </span>não <span class="blank _a"> </span>conseguem<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>acompanhar <span class="blank _a"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y8c ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">redução dos custos do<span class="blank _1"></span>s manufaturados rea<span class="blank _1"></span>lizadas por países as<span class="blank _1"></span>iáticos, acabam<span class="blank _1"></span> sofrendo com<span class="blank _1"></span> a </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y8d ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">concorrência <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>desindus<span class="blank _1"></span>trialização <span class="blank"> </span>ocorre <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>f<span class="blank _0"> </span>or<span class="blank _1"></span>ma <span class="blank"> </span>forçada <span class="blank _2"> </span>pela <span class="blank _6"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>nvasão <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>produtos<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y8e ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">importados a baixo <span class="blank _1"></span>custo (Hiratuka<span class="lsc">; </span>Sa<span class="blank _1"></span>rti, 2017).<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 yb5 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Sendo assim<span class="blank _1"></span>, este <span class="blank _1"></span>artig<span class="blank _1"></span>o se <span class="blank _1"></span>propõe <span class="blank _1"></span>a um<span class="blank _1"></span>a análise de <span class="blank _1"></span>variáv<span class="blank _1"></span>eis econôm<span class="blank _1"></span>icas, as<span class="blank _1"></span>sociada <span class="blank _1"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 yb6 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">procedimentos <span class="blank _4"> </span>econométricos, <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _5"> </span>ajudar <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>minimizar <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>debate <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>trazer <span class="blank _5"> </span>evidências <span class="blank _4"> </span>sobre <span class="blank _5"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 yb7 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">queda <span class="blank _f"> </span>da <span class="blank _f"> </span>participaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão <span class="blank _f"> </span>da <span class="blank _11"> </span>indústria <span class="blank _f"> </span>no <span class="blank _f"> </span>PIB. <span class="blank _11"> </span>Aqui <span class="blank _f"> </span>será <span class="blank _f"> </span>apresentado <span class="blank _11"> </span>o <span class="blank _f"> </span>exame <span class="blank _f"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _11"> </span>um <span class="blank _f"> </span>setor </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y8f ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">específico, <span class="blank"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"> </span>têxtil, <span class="blank"> </span>capaz <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>integrar <span class="blank"> </span>várias <span class="blank"> </span>cadeias <span class="blank"> </span>do <span class="blank _2"> </span>processo <span class="blank"> </span>produtivo <span class="blank"> </span>e, <span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>ambém<span class="blank _1"></span>, </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y90 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">nitidamente um<span class="blank _1"></span> dos setores mais afetados com a abertura com<span class="blank _1"></span>ercial ocorrida na década<span class="blank _1"></span> de 90. </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y91 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Antes, <span class="blank _5"> </span>faz-se <span class="blank _5"> </span>necessária <span class="blank _5"> </span>uma <span class="blank _5"> </span>breve <span class="blank _5"> </span>apresentação <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>se<span class="blank _0"> </span>tor <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>seu <span class="blank _9"> </span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>mportam<span class="blank _1"></span>ento <span class="blank _5"> </span>no <span class="blank _5"> </span>período </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y92 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">analisado. </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y93 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div><div class="t m0 xb hd yb8 ff6 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">3 O papel da indús<span class="blank _1"></span>tria têxti<span class="blank _1"></span>l para o crescim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento econômico </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 yb9 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Sucintamente, <span class="blank _f"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>in<span class="blank _1"></span>dústria <span class="blank _f"> </span>têxtil <span class="blank _f"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>confecção <span class="blank _f"> </span>é <span class="blank"> </span>caracte<span class="blank _1"></span>rizada <span class="blank _f"> </span>como <span class="blank"> </span>trad<span class="blank _1"></span>icional, </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 yba ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">intensiva <span class="blank _3"></span>em <span class="blank _1"></span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>ão <span class="blank _3"></span>de obra<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _3"></span>barata <span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _3"></span>pouco <span class="blank _1"></span>qua<span class="blank _1"></span>lificada. <span class="blank _3"></span>Além <span class="blank _3"></span>diss<span class="blank _0"> </span>o, <span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="lse">s <span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls3">m<span class="blank _1"></span>atérias-<span class="blank _1"></span>primas <span class="blank _1"></span>u<span class="blank _1"></span>tilizadas </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h11 ybb ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">são pouco elaborada<span class="blank _1"></span>s, dispõe de lenta renovaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão de tecnolog<span class="blank _1"></span>ias, é dotada de pequena m<span class="blank _1"></span>argem </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xb y53 w4 h12" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/dc428891-df0d-4448-a820-9c5fd313b9ae/bg8.png"><div class="t m0 xb h4 y3 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Juliana de Paula Fill<span class="blank _1"></span>eti, Rafaela B<span class="blank _1"></span>oldrin </div><div class="t m0 xb h4 y5 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws1">868<span class="ls3 wsc"> <span class="blank _e"> </span>Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v. 29, n<span class="blank _1"></span>. 3 (70), p. 861-890<span class="blank _1"></span>, setembro-dez<span class="blank _1"></span>embro 2020.<span class="blank _1"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y54 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">de <span class="blank _2"> </span>lucro, <span class="blank _2"> </span>uma <span class="blank _2"> </span>indústria <span class="blank _2"> </span>bastante <span class="blank _2"> </span>ampla <span class="blank _2"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"> </span>composta <span class="blank _2"> </span>por <span class="blank _2"> </span>várias <span class="blank _2"> </span>etapas <span class="blank _2"> </span>produtivas <span class="blank _2"> </span>inter-</div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y56 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">relacionadas, <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _a"> </span>dão <span class="blank _5"> </span>origem <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>uma <span class="blank _9"> </span>cadeia <span class="blank _a"> </span>linear. <span class="blank _a"> </span>Ela <span class="blank _9"> </span>foi <span class="blank _9"> </span>uma <span class="blank _9"> </span>das <span class="blank _9"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>ndústrias <span class="blank _5"> </span>pioneiras <span class="blank _9"> </span>na </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y57 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">revolução <span class="blank _1"></span>indus<span class="blank _1"></span>trial, <span class="blank _1"></span>pois <span class="blank _1"></span>as<span class="blank _1"></span> sua<span class="blank _1"></span>s <span class="blank _1"></span>característ<span class="blank _1"></span>icas <span class="blank _1"></span>foram<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>propícias <span class="blank _1"></span>ao <span class="blank _1"></span>d<span class="blank _1"></span>esenvolvim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento <span class="blank _1"></span>inicial <span class="blank _1"></span>da<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y58 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">mecanização <span class="blank _1"></span>com<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>as m<span class="blank _1"></span>áquinas <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>tear, <span class="blank _1"></span>respon<span class="blank _1"></span>sáve<span class="lsc wsf">is</span> p<span class="blank _1"></span>or <span class="blank _1"></span>fazer <span class="blank _1"></span>as <span class="blank _1"></span>tram<span class="blank _1"></span>as <span class="blank _1"></span>dos <span class="blank _1"></span>tecidos, <span class="blank _3"></span>j<span class="blank _0"> </span>á qu<span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _1"></span>são </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y59 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">dotadas <span class="blank _15"> </span>de <span class="blank _8"> </span>tecnolog<span class="blank _1"></span>ia <span class="blank _15"> </span>simples. <span class="blank _8"> </span>Com <span class="blank _15"> </span>o <span class="blank _8"> </span>desenvolvim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento <span class="blank _15"> </span>das <span class="blank _15"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>ndústria<span class="blank _1"></span>s <span class="blank _15"> </span>e <span class="blank _8"> </span>as <span class="blank _8"> </span>melho<span class="blank _1"></span>rias </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y5a ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">tecnológicas qu<span class="blank _1"></span>e vinham oc<span class="blank _1"></span>orrendo, a pr<span class="blank _1"></span>odução com<span class="blank _1"></span>eçou a ser <span class="blank _1"></span>em larga es<span class="blank _1"></span>cala e p<span class="blank _1"></span>adronizada, </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y5b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">resultando <span class="blank"> </span>em <span class="blank"> </span>uma <span class="blank"> </span>nova <span class="blank"> </span>forma <span class="blank"> </span>organizacional <span class="blank"> </span>da <span class="blank"> </span>produção <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>consumo <span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="lsa">à <span class="blank _2"> </span></span>qual <span class="blank"> </span>estamos </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y5c ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">submetidos até ho<span class="blank _1"></span>je (Lisboa, 2013<span class="blank _1"></span>). </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y7b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">No <span class="blank _0"> </span>Brasil, <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>indústria <span class="blank _4"> </span>têxtil<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>foi <span class="blank _0"> </span>definitivamente <span class="blank _0"> </span>implem<span class="blank _1"></span>entada <span class="blank _4"> </span>na <span class="blank _0"> </span>segunda <span class="blank _0"> </span>metade <span class="blank _4"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y7c ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">século XIX <span class="blank _0"> </span>e alternava períodos de grande crescimento com <span class="blank _0"> </span>períodos <span class="blank _0"> </span>de menor atividade. Na </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y5f ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">década de<span class="blank _1"></span> 1940<span class="blank _1"></span> atingiu <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>maturida<span class="blank _1"></span>de e <span class="blank _1"></span>passou<span class="blank _1"></span> a <span class="blank _1"></span>ser co<span class="blank _1"></span>nsiderado<span class="blank _1"></span> um<span class="blank _1"></span> seto<span class="blank _1"></span>r dinâmico <span class="blank _1"></span>de um<span class="blank _1"></span> paí<span class="blank _1"></span>s </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y60 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">subdesenvolvido, <span class="blank _0"> </span>sendo que <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>Brasil <span class="blank _0"> </span>ating<span class="blank _1"></span>iu <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>seg<span class="blank _1"></span>undo <span class="blank _0"> </span>lugar <span class="blank _0"> </span>na <span class="blank _0"> </span>produção <span class="blank _0"> </span>mundial <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>têxteis </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y61 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">durante <span class="blank _f"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>segunda<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _f"> </span>guerra <span class="blank"> </span>(Kon; <span class="blank _f"> </span>Coan, <span class="blank _f"> </span>2005)<span class="ls9">. <span class="blank"> </span></span>A <span class="blank"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"></span>artir <span class="blank _f"> </span>dos <span class="blank"> </span>anos <span class="blank _11"> </span>1980, <span class="blank"> </span>ess<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _f"> </span>indústria <span class="blank _f"> </span>se </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y62 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">consolidou, pois era um<span class="blank _1"></span> setor que não exigia um<span class="blank _1"></span> alto investimento de capital, o lucro era m<span class="blank _1"></span>ais </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y7d ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">rápido, havia tecno<span class="blank _1"></span>logia dis<span class="blank _1"></span>ponível e o consum<span class="blank _1"></span>o era garantido (Lisboa, 2013<span class="blank _1"></span>). </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y64 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Este <span class="blank _4"> </span>setor <span class="blank _4"> </span>é <span class="blank _4"> </span>muito <span class="blank _4"> </span>dinâmico <span class="blank _4"> </span>ainda <span class="blank _4"> </span>nos <span class="blank _4"> </span>dias <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>hoje, <span class="blank _4"> </span>como <span class="blank _4"> </span>pode <span class="blank _4"> </span>ser <span class="blank _4"> </span>observado <span class="blank _4"> </span>pelos </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y65 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">dados <span class="blank _0"> </span>divulgados <span class="blank _0"> </span>pela <span class="blank _0"> </span>ABIT <span class="blank _4"> </span>(2016). <span class="blank _0"> </span>No <span class="blank _0"> </span>ano <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>2015, <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>indústria <span class="blank _4"> </span>têxtil t<span class="blank _0"> </span>eve <span class="blank _0"> </span>como <span class="blank _0"> </span>resultados<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y66 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">um <span class="blank _3"></span>fat<span class="blank _0"> </span>uramento <span class="blank _1"></span>d<span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _1"></span>US$ <span class="blank _3"></span>39,3 <span class="blank _1"></span>bilhões, <span class="blank _3"></span>o qu<span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _1"></span>represen<span class="blank _1"></span>ta <span class="blank _1"></span>5,7% <span class="blank _1"></span>d<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _1"></span>fa<span class="blank _1"></span>turamento <span class="blank _3"></span>de tod<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="lsa">a <span class="blank _3"></span><span class="ls3">Indústria </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y67 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">de transformação, <span class="blank _1"></span>investim<span class="blank _1"></span>entos no setor em<span class="blank _1"></span> torno de <span class="blank _1"></span>US$ 869 milhões, além<span class="blank _1"></span> de formar cerca </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y68 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">de 1,5 <span class="blank _1"></span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>ilhão de <span class="blank _1"></span>em<span class="blank _1"></span>pregos <span class="blank _1"></span>diretos e<span class="blank _1"></span> 8 m<span class="blank _1"></span>ilhões<span class="blank _1"></span> de <span class="blank _1"></span>indir<span class="blank _1"></span>etos, do<span class="blank _1"></span>s qu<span class="blank _1"></span>ais 75<span class="blank _1"></span>% <span class="blank _1"></span>são de<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>mão <span class="blank _1"></span>de obra </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y69 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">feminina, representando assim, cerca <span class="blank _0"> </span>de 16,7% <span class="blank _0"> </span>dos empreg<span class="blank _1"></span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _0"> </span>I<span class="blank _1"></span>ndústria <span class="blank _0"> </span>de Transformação, </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y6a ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">e <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>segundo <span class="blank _4"> </span>setor <span class="blank _5"> </span>mais <span class="blank _5"> </span>empreg<span class="blank _1"></span>ador <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>Brasil, <span class="blank _5"> </span>perdendo <span class="blank _4"> </span>apenas <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>setor <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>alimentos <span class="blank _4"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y6b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">bebidas. </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y8b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Porém, <span class="blank _f"> </span>esse <span class="blank"> </span>setor <span class="blank _f"> </span>sentiu <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>aneira <span class="blank"> </span>dr<span class="blank _1"></span>amática <span class="blank _f"> </span>os <span class="blank _f"> </span>efeitos <span class="blank"> </span>dano<span class="blank _1"></span>sos <span class="blank"> </span>da <span class="blank"> </span>est<span class="blank _1"></span>agnação </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y8c ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">econômica <span class="blank _1"></span>do<span class="blank _1"></span>s <span class="blank _1"></span>anos <span class="blank _3"></span>80 com<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _3"></span>mudança do <span class="blank _3"></span>marco <span class="blank _1"></span>regulatório <span class="blank _1"></span>oco<span class="blank _1"></span>rrida <span class="blank _1"></span>log<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _1"></span>no <span class="blank _1"></span>in<span class="blank _1"></span>ício <span class="blank _3"></span>da década<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y8d ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">de <span class="blank _9"> </span>90. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Um <span class="blank _9"> </span>conjunto <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>fatores <span class="blank _9"> </span>auxiliou <span class="blank _9"> </span>para <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>setor <span class="blank _9"> </span>têxtil <span class="blank _9"> </span>sentisse <span class="blank _9"> </span>com <span class="blank _9"> </span>maior <span class="blank _9"> </span>força <span class="blank _9"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y8e ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">processo <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>liberalização <span class="blank _9"> </span>comercial <span class="blank _a"> </span>e <span class="blank _a"> </span>financeir<span class="blank _1"></span>a. <span class="blank _a"> </span>Por <span class="blank _9"> </span>um <span class="blank _a"> </span>lado, <span class="blank _a"> </span>o <span class="blank _a"> </span>fortalec<span class="blank _1"></span>imento <span class="blank _a"> </span>da <span class="blank _9"> </span>moeda </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y80 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">acarretou <span class="blank _4"> </span>em<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>um <span class="blank _0"> </span>au<span class="blank _0"> </span>mento <span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>poder <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>com<span class="blank _1"></span>pra <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>moeda <span class="blank _0"> </span>nacional, <span class="blank _4"> </span>gerando <span class="blank _4"> </span>um<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>redução <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y81 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">preços <span class="blank _1"></span>dos pr<span class="blank _1"></span>odutos <span class="blank _1"></span>importados. <span class="blank _1"></span>Por <span class="blank _1"></span>outr<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _1"></span>lado, a <span class="blank _1"></span>liber<span class="blank _1"></span>alização <span class="blank _1"></span>das im<span class="blank _1"></span>portaçõ<span class="blank _1"></span>es, <span class="lsf ws11">se</span>m <span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _1"></span>devido </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y72 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">acompanham<span class="blank _1"></span>ento <span class="blank _2"> </span>das <span class="blank _2"> </span>especificidades <span class="blank _2"> </span>setori<span class="blank _1"></span>ais, <span class="blank _2"> </span>assim<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>como <span class="blank _2"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>ausência <span class="blank _15"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>um<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>política </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y25 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">industrial <span class="blank _4"> </span>efetiva <span class="blank _5"> </span>capaz <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>viabilizar <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>form<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>gradual <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>transição <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>uma <span class="blank _5"> </span>econom<span class="blank _1"></span>ia <span class="blank _5"> </span>mais </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y73 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">aberta, auxi<span class="blank _1"></span>liaram <span class="blank _1"></span>na entrada <span class="blank _1"></span>de produtos <span class="blank _1"></span>mais bar<span class="blank _1"></span>atos e m<span class="blank _1"></span>ais modernos <span class="blank _1"></span>no m<span class="blank _1"></span>ercado nacio<span class="blank _1"></span>nal. </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y74 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">O <span class="blank _2"> </span>produtor <span class="blank _2"> </span>brasileiro <span class="blank"> </span>se <span class="blank _2"> </span>viu <span class="blank _2"> </span>competindo, <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>forma <span class="blank _6"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>epen<span class="blank _1"></span>tina, <span class="blank _2"> </span>com <span class="blank"> </span>os <span class="blank _15"> </span>produtores <span class="blank _2"> </span>mais<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y75 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">dinâmicos do m<span class="blank _1"></span>undo</div><div class="c xc y29 w3 he"><div class="t m0 x15 h13 ybc ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3">2</div></div><div class="t m0 x16 h11 y75 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> (Kon; Coan, 2005).<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xf h11 y93 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">É possível no<span class="blank _1"></span>tar, na <span class="blank _1"></span>Figura <span class="blank _1"></span>1, os im<span class="blank _1"></span>pactos d<span class="blank _1"></span>essa m<span class="blank _1"></span>udança ocorr<span class="blank _1"></span>ida na dé<span class="blank _1"></span>cada <span class="blank _1"></span>de 90. <span class="blank _1"></span>O </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y94 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">crescimento <span class="blank _4"> </span>das <span class="blank _4"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>mportaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ões <span class="blank _4"> </span>dos <span class="blank _5"> </span>produtos <span class="blank _4"> </span>dessa <span class="blank _5"> </span>indú<span class="blank _1"></span>stria <span class="blank _5"> </span>foi <span class="blank _4"> </span>mais <span class="blank _4"> </span>expressivo <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>das </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y95 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">exportações, <span class="blank _4"> </span>resultando <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>um<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>balança <span class="blank _4"> </span>comercial <span class="blank _4"> </span>deficitária <span class="blank _4"> </span>desde <span class="blank _4"> </span>2007, <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>consolidando <span class="blank _4"> </span>o </div><div class="c xc y29 w3 he"><div class="t m0 xb h5 y79 ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div></div><div class="t m0 xd h5 y79 ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div><div class="t m0 xe h10 y7a ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3">(</div><div class="c xc y29 w3 he"><div class="t m0 x13 h10 y7a ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3">2</div></div><div class="t m0 xf h10 y7a ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">) <span class="blank _0"> </span>Para <span class="blank _0"> </span>uma <span class="blank _0"> </span>discussão <span class="blank _0"> </span>mais <span class="blank _0"> </span>detalhada <span class="blank _0"> </span>sobre <span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>impactos <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _0"> </span>abertura <span class="blank _0"> </span>comercial <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>financeira n<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>setor <span class="blank _0"> </span>têxtil <span class="blank _0"> </span>veja <span class="blank _0"> </span>Ko<span class="blank _1"></span>n <span class="blank _0"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 xb h10 y2f ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Coan (2005). </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x17 ybd w5 h15" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/dc428891-df0d-4448-a820-9c5fd313b9ae/bg9.png"><div class="t m0 x10 h4 y3 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">A indústria <span class="blank _1"></span>têxtil no Bras<span class="blank _1"></span>il: um modelo eco<span class="blank _1"></span>nométrico analisando<span class="blank _1"></span> a hipótese <span class="blank _1"></span>de desi<span class="blank _1"></span>ndustrialização<span class="blank _1"></span> setorial </div><div class="t m0 xb h5 y5 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v. 29, n<span class="blank _1"></span>. 3 (<span class="ls4 ws1">70</span>), p. <span class="ls4 ws1">861<span class="ls0">-</span>890</span><span class="ls6">, <span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls3">setembro-d<span class="blank _1"></span>ezembro <span class="ls4 ws1">2020</span>. <span class="blank _12"> </span><span class="ls4 ws1">869</span><span class="ff3 fs2"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y54 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">país <span class="blank _4"> </span>como <span class="blank _4"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>portador <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>produtos <span class="blank _4"> </span>têxteis <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>confeccionados, <span class="blank _4"> </span>com<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>dest<span class="blank _0"> </span>aque <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>produtos </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y56 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">asiáticos. <span class="blank _1"></span>Es<span class="blank _1"></span>sa <span class="blank _3"></span>mudança <span class="blank _1"></span>significan<span class="blank _1"></span>te <span class="blank _1"></span>da<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>balan<span class="blank _1"></span>ça <span class="blank _1"></span>com<span class="blank _1"></span>ercial <span class="blank _3"></span>têxtil <span class="blank _1"></span>pode <span class="blank _3"></span>ser <span class="blank _1"></span>vista <span class="blank _3"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>maneira <span class="blank _3"></span>mais </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y57 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">expressiva a pa<span class="blank _1"></span>rtir de 2009,<span class="blank _1"></span> período que <span class="blank _1"></span>coincide com<span class="blank _1"></span> altas taxas d<span class="blank _1"></span>e crescim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento da economia </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y58 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">chinesa, <span class="blank _f"> </span>cerca <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>7% <span class="blank _f"> </span>ao <span class="blank _f"> </span>ano, <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank _f"> </span>tam<span class="blank _1"></span>bém <span class="blank _f"> </span>que <span class="blank _f"> </span>sua <span class="blank _f"> </span>relação <span class="blank _f"> </span>comercial <span class="blank _11"> </span>com <span class="blank _f"> </span>o <span class="blank _f"> </span>Brasil <span class="blank _f"> </span>só <span class="blank _f"> </span>foi </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y59 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">aumentando. Com incentivos do <span class="blank _0"> </span>governo e <span class="blank _0"> </span>um<span class="blank _1"></span>a mão <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>obra barata, o <span class="blank _0"> </span>setor têxtil chinês <span class="blank _0"> </span>veio </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y5a ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">dominando o ter<span class="blank _1"></span>ritório brasileiro. <span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y5b ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls10 wsc"> <span class="fs6 ls3 v4">Figura 1 </span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hb ybe ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Balança Comercial de produtos têxteis (milhões em $ corrente) Brasil-1998-2015 </div><div class="t m0 x19 hb ybf ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div><div class="t m0 xe hb yc0 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Fonte: FUNCEX (2016). </div><div class="t m0 xb hb yc1 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls11 wsc"> <span class="ls3 v5"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1a hb yc2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Tabela 1 </div><div class="t m0 x18 hb yc3 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Exportações totais de produtos têxteis (milhões em $ corrente), Brasil-1998-2015 </div><div class="c x17 yc4 w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x1b hb yc5 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Ano </div></div><div class="c x1c yc4 w7 h16"><div class="t m0 x1d hb yc5 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Exportações </div></div><div class="c x1e yc4 w8 h16"><div class="t m0 x1f hb yc5 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Variação </div></div><div class="c xa yc4 w9 h16"><div class="t m0 x1b hb yc5 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Ano </div></div><div class="c x20 yc4 wa h16"><div class="t m0 x1d hb yc5 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Exportações </div></div><div class="c x21 yc4 w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x1f hb yc5 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Variação </div></div><div class="c x17 yc6 w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yc5 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1998 </div></div><div class="c x1c yc6 w7 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc5 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1.018 </div></div><div class="c x1e yc6 w8 h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yc5 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div></div><div class="c xa yc6 w9 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc5 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2007 </div></div><div class="c x20 yc6 wa h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc5 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2.214 </div></div><div class="c x21 yc6 w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yc5 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">13%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x17 yc7 w6 h17"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1999 </div></div><div class="c x1c yc7 w7 h17"><div class="t m0 x1b hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">929<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x1e yc7 w8 h17"><div class="t m0 x1b hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls12">-<span class="ls7 ws5">9%</span><span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c xa yc7 w9 h17"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2008 </div></div><div class="c x20 yc7 wa h17"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2.280 </div></div><div class="c x21 yc7 w6 h17"><div class="t m0 x25 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">3%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x17 yc9 w6 h18"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yca ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2000 </div></div><div class="c x1c yc9 w7 h18"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yca ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1.146 </div></div><div class="c x1e yc9 w8 h18"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yca ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">23%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c xa yc9 w9 h18"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yca ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2009 </div></div><div class="c x20 yc9 wa h18"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yca ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1.799 </div></div><div class="c x21 yc9 w6 h18"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yca ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls12">-<span class="ls7 ws5">21%</span><span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x17 ycb w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2001 </div></div><div class="c x1c ycb w7 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1.248 </div></div><div class="c x1e ycb w8 h16"><div class="t m0 x25 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">9%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c xa ycb w9 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2010 </div></div><div class="c x20 ycb wa h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2.099 </div></div><div class="c x21 ycb w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">17%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x17 ycc w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2002 </div></div><div class="c x1c ycc w7 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1.093 </div></div><div class="c x1e ycc w8 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls12">-<span class="ls7 ws5">12%</span><span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c xa ycc w9 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2011 </div></div><div class="c x20 ycc wa h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2.881 </div></div><div class="c x21 ycc w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">37%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x17 ycd w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2003 </div></div><div class="c x1c ycd w7 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1.517 </div></div><div class="c x1e ycd w8 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">39%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c xa ycd w9 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2012 </div></div><div class="c x20 ycd wa h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">3.252 </div></div><div class="c x21 ycd w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">13%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x17 yce w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2004 </div></div><div class="c x1c yce w7 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1.938 </div></div><div class="c x1e yce w8 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">28%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c xa yce w9 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2013 </div></div><div class="c x20 yce wa h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2.201 </div></div><div class="c x21 yce w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls12">-<span class="ls7 ws5">32%</span><span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x17 ycf w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2005 </div></div><div class="c x1c ycf w7 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2.071 </div></div><div class="c x1e ycf w8 h16"><div class="t m0 x25 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">7%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c xa ycf w9 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2014 </div></div><div class="c x20 ycf wa h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2.379 </div></div><div class="c x21 ycf w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x25 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">8%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x17 yd0 w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2006 </div></div><div class="c x1c yd0 w7 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1.967 </div></div><div class="c x1e yd0 w8 h16"><div class="t m0 x1b hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls12">-<span class="ls7 ws5">5%</span><span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c xa yd0 w9 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2015 </div></div><div class="c x20 yd0 wa h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2.235 </div></div><div class="c x21 yd0 w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x1b hb yc8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls12">-<span class="ls7 ws5">6%</span><span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="t m0 xb hb yd1 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls1 wsc"> <span class="ls3">Fonte: FUNCEX (2016). </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 yd2 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div><div class="c x26 yd3 wb h19"><div class="t m0 x27 hb yd4 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws6">-6.000</div><div class="t m0 x27 hb yd5 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws6">-4.000</div><div class="t m0 x27 hb yd6 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws6">-2.000</div><div class="t m0 x25 hb yd7 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls1 wsc"> -</div><div class="t m0 x27 hb yd8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> 2.000</div><div class="t m0 x27 hb yd9 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> 4.000</div><div class="t m0 x27 hb yda ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> 6.000</div><div class="t m0 x27 hb ydb ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> 8.000</div><div class="t m0 x0 hb ydc ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws12">Exportações<span class="blank"> </span>Importações<span class="blank"> </span>Saldo</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 ydd w1 h1a" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/dc428891-df0d-4448-a820-9c5fd313b9ae/bga.png"><div class="t m0 xb h4 y3 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Juliana de Paula Fill<span class="blank _1"></span>eti, Rafaela B<span class="blank _1"></span>oldrin </div><div class="t m0 xb h4 y5 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws1">870<span class="ls3 wsc"> <span class="blank _e"> </span>Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v. 29, n<span class="blank _1"></span>. 3 (70), p. 861-890<span class="blank _1"></span>, setembro-dez<span class="blank _1"></span>embro 2020.<span class="blank _1"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf h11 yde ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Já <span class="blank _4"> </span>na <span class="blank _4"> </span>Tabela <span class="blank _4"> </span>1 <span class="blank _4"> </span>é <span class="blank _4"> </span>possível <span class="blank _0"> </span>notar <span class="blank _4"> </span>que, <span class="blank _4"> </span>entre <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>período <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>1998 <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>2005, <span class="blank _4"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"> </span>exportações </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 ydf ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">dessa indús<span class="blank _1"></span>tria <span class="blank _1"></span>cresceram<span class="blank _1"></span>, m<span class="blank _1"></span>as não de <span class="blank _1"></span>fo<span class="blank _1"></span>rma <span class="blank _1"></span>significativ<span class="blank _1"></span>a, tendo <span class="blank _1"></span>com<span class="blank _1"></span>o resu<span class="blank _1"></span>ltado um<span class="blank _1"></span>a v<span class="blank _1"></span>ariação </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 ye0 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">acumulada <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>período <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>119%. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Destaca-se <span class="blank _4"> </span>uma <span class="blank _4"> </span>queda <span class="blank _4"> </span>acentuada <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>2009 <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>21%, <span class="blank _4"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span>no <span class="blank _4"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 ye1 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">grande <span class="blank _11"> </span>crise <span class="blank _f"> </span>econômica <span class="blank _11"> </span>global <span class="blank _11"> </span>e <span class="blank _f"> </span>que <span class="blank _f"> </span>abalou <span class="blank _11"> </span>profundam<span class="blank _1"></span>ente <span class="blank _f"> </span>o <span class="blank _11"> </span>comércio <span class="blank _11"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>nternacio<span class="blank _1"></span>nal. <span class="blank _11"> </span>E, </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 y9 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">segundo <span class="blank _9"> </span>Lisboa <span class="blank _9"> </span>(2013), <span class="blank _a"> </span>pelo <span class="blank _9"> </span>fato <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>Brasil <span class="blank _9"> </span>ser <span class="blank _a"> </span>um <span class="blank _9"> </span>país <span class="blank _9"> </span>fortemente <span class="blank _9"> </span>inserido <span class="blank _9"> </span>no <span class="blank _a"> </span>mercado </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 ye2 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">global, <span class="blank _0"> </span>ocasionou<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>um impacto <span class="blank _0"> </span>negativo <span class="blank _0"> </span>sobre <span class="blank _0"> </span>o volume <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>exportações do <span class="blank _0"> </span>país,<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>sobretudo no </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 ye3 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">setor <span class="blank _3"></span>industrial <span class="blank _3"></span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>, <span class="blank _3"></span>como <span class="blank _3"></span>consequência, <span class="blank _3"></span>na <span class="blank _1"></span>in<span class="blank _1"></span>dústria <span class="blank _3"></span>têxtil. <span class="blank _3"></span>Como <span class="blank _3"></span>já <span class="blank _1"></span>dito <span class="blank _3"></span>anteriorm<span class="blank _1"></span>ente, <span class="blank _3"></span>em <span class="blank _3"></span>2009, </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 ye4 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">o <span class="blank _4"> </span>Brasil <span class="blank _5"> </span>buscou <span class="blank _4"> </span>aliar-se <span class="blank _5"> </span>mais <span class="blank _4"> </span>ainda <span class="blank _4"> </span>à <span class="blank _5"> </span>China, <span class="blank _5"> </span>fato <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>possibilitou <span class="blank _5"> </span>à <span class="blank _4"> </span>China <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>título <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>maior </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 ye5 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">parceiro <span class="blank _15"> </span>comercial <span class="blank _15"> </span>brasileiro <span class="blank _15"> </span>desde <span class="blank _15"> </span>então <span class="blank _15"> </span>(<span class="blank _0"> </span>Lisboa, <span class="blank _2"> </span>2013). <span class="blank _8"> </span>Dessa <span class="blank _15"> </span>maneira, <span class="blank _15"> </span>nota-<span class="lse">se <span class="blank _15"> </span></span>uma </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 ye6 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">recuperação <span class="blank _4"> </span>das <span class="blank _4"> </span>exportaçõ<span class="blank _1"></span>es <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>setor <span class="blank _4"> </span>têxtil <span class="blank _5"> </span>entre <span class="blank _4"> </span>2009 <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>2012, <span class="blank _4"> </span>porém <span class="blank _4"> </span>acompanhada <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>um<span class="blank _1"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 ye7 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">elevação <span class="blank"> </span>ainda <span class="blank _2"> </span>maior <span class="blank"> </span>das <span class="blank"> </span>importações, <span class="blank _2"> </span>como <span class="blank"> </span>pode <span class="blank _2"> </span>ser <span class="blank _6"> </span>not<span class="blank _0"> </span>ado <span class="blank"> </span>na <span class="blank _2"> </span>Tabela <span class="blank"> </span>2. <span class="blank _2"> </span>Mostrando </div><div class="t m0 xb h11 ye8 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">crescimento acum<span class="blank _1"></span>ulado de 232% n<span class="blank _1"></span>as im<span class="blank _1"></span>portações. </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 ye9 ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls13 wsc"> <span class="fs6 ls3 v6">Tabela 2 </span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hb yea ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Importações totais de produtos têxteis (milhões em $ corrente), Brasil-1998-2015 </div><div class="c x17 yeb w6 h1b"><div class="t m0 x1b hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Ano </div></div><div class="c x1c yeb w7 h1b"><div class="t m0 x28 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Importação </div></div><div class="c x1e yeb wc h1b"><div class="t m0 x1f hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Variação </div></div><div class="c xa yeb w6 h1b"><div class="t m0 x1b hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Ano </div></div><div class="c x20 yeb wa h1b"><div class="t m0 x28 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Importação </div></div><div class="c x21 yeb w6 h1b"><div class="t m0 x1f hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Variação </div></div><div class="c x17 yed w6 h1b"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1998 </div></div><div class="c x1c yed w7 h1b"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1.559 </div></div><div class="c x1e yed wc h1b"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div></div><div class="c xa yed w6 h1b"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2007 </div></div><div class="c x20 yed wa h1b"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2.346 </div></div><div class="c x21 yed w6 h1b"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">47%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x17 yee w6 h1b"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1999 </div></div><div class="c x1c yee w7 h1b"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1.559 </div></div><div class="c x1e yee wc h1b"><div class="t m0 x25 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">0%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c xa yee w6 h1b"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2008 </div></div><div class="c x20 yee wa h1b"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">3.093 </div></div><div class="c x21 yee w6 h1b"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">32%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x17 yef w6 h1b"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2000 </div></div><div class="c x1c yef w7 h1b"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1.136 </div></div><div class="c x1e yef wc h1b"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls12">-<span class="ls7 ws5">27%</span><span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c xa yef w6 h1b"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2009 </div></div><div class="c x20 yef wa h1b"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2.857 </div></div><div class="c x21 yef w6 h1b"><div class="t m0 x1b hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls12">-<span class="ls7 ws5">8%</span><span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x17 yf0 w6 h1b"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2001 </div></div><div class="c x1c yf0 w7 h1b"><div class="t m0 x1b hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">859<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x1e yf0 wc h1b"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls12">-<span class="ls7 ws5">24%</span><span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c xa yf0 w6 h1b"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2010 </div></div><div class="c x20 yf0 wa h1b"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">4.211 </div></div><div class="c x21 yf0 w6 h1b"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">47%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x17 yf1 w6 h1c"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2002 </div></div><div class="c x1c yf1 w7 h1c"><div class="t m0 x1b hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">699<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x1e yf1 wc h1c"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls12">-<span class="ls7 ws5">19%</span><span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c xa yf1 w6 h1c"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2011 </div></div><div class="c x20 yf1 wa h1c"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">5.681 </div></div><div class="c x21 yf1 w6 h1c"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">35%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x17 yf3 w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2003 </div></div><div class="c x1c yf3 w7 h16"><div class="t m0 x1b hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">731<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x1e yf3 wc h16"><div class="t m0 x25 hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">5%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c xa yf3 w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2012 </div></div><div class="c x20 yf3 wa h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">5.760 </div></div><div class="c x21 yf3 w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x25 hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">1%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x17 yf4 w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2004 </div></div><div class="c x1c yf4 w7 h16"><div class="t m0 x1b hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">953<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x1e yf4 wc h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">30%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c xa yf4 w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2013 </div></div><div class="c x20 yf4 wa h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">5.950 </div></div><div class="c x21 yf4 w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x25 hb yf2 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">3%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x17 y6b w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2005 </div></div><div class="c x1c y6b w7 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1.090 </div></div><div class="c x1e y6b wc h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">14%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c xa y6b w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2014 </div></div><div class="c x20 y6b wa h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">6.241 </div></div><div class="c x21 y6b w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x25 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">5%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c x17 yf5 w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2006 </div></div><div class="c x1c yf5 w7 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1.602 </div></div><div class="c x1e yf5 wc h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws5">47%<span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="c xa yf5 w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2015 </div></div><div class="c x20 yf5 wa h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">5.175 </div></div><div class="c x21 yf5 w6 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls12">-<span class="ls7 ws5">17%</span><span class="ls3 wsc"> </span></div></div><div class="t m0 xb hb yf6 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> Fonte: FUNCEX (2016). </div><div class="t m0 xb hb yf7 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls14 wsc"> <span class="ls3 v7">Tabela 3 </span></div><div class="t m0 x29 hb yf8 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Produção industrial têxtil <span class="ff8 ws6">\u2013</span> quantum <span class="ff8 ls7">\u2013</span> índice (média 2002= 100) </div><div class="c x13 yf9 wd h1b"><div class="t m0 x2a hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Ano </div></div><div class="c x2b yf9 we h1b"><div class="t m0 x27 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Produção Física </div></div><div class="c xa yf9 wf h1b"><div class="t m0 x2a hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Ano </div></div><div class="c x2c yf9 wd h1b"><div class="t m0 x27 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">Produção Física </div></div><div class="c x13 yfa wd h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1995 </div></div><div class="c x2b yfa we h16"><div class="t m0 x2d hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">118,32 </div></div><div class="c xa yfa wf h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2006 </div></div><div class="c x2c yfa wd h16"><div class="t m0 x2d hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">104,54 </div></div><div class="c x13 yfb wd h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1996 </div></div><div class="c x2b yfb we h16"><div class="t m0 x2d hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">111,44 </div></div><div class="c xa yfb wf h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2007 </div></div><div class="c x2c yfb wd h16"><div class="t m0 x2d hb yec ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">108,54 </div></div><div class="c x13 yfc wd h17"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1997 </div></div><div class="c x2b yfc we h17"><div class="t m0 x2d hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">104,34 </div></div><div class="c xa yfc wf h17"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2008 </div></div><div class="c x2c yfc wd h17"><div class="t m0 x2d hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">106,50 </div></div><div class="c x13 yfe wd h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1998 </div></div><div class="c x2b yfe we h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">97,28 </div></div><div class="c xa yfe wf h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2009 </div></div><div class="c x2c yfe wd h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">99,70 </div></div><div class="c x13 yff wd h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">1999 </div></div><div class="c x2b yff we h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">99,36 </div></div><div class="c xa yff wf h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2010 </div></div><div class="c x2c yff wd h16"><div class="t m0 x2d hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">104,24 </div></div><div class="c x13 y100 wd h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2000 </div></div><div class="c x2b y100 we h16"><div class="t m0 x2d hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">105,41 </div></div><div class="c xa y100 wf h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2011 </div></div><div class="c x2c y100 wd h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">88,47 </div></div><div class="c x13 y101 wd h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2001 </div></div><div class="c x2b y101 we h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">99,76 </div></div><div class="c xa y101 wf h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2012 </div></div><div class="c x2c y101 wd h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">84,76 </div></div><div class="c x13 y102 wd h18"><div class="t m0 x24 hb y103 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2002 </div></div><div class="c x2b y102 we h18"><div class="t m0 x24 hb y103 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">99,99 </div></div><div class="c xa y102 wf h18"><div class="t m0 x24 hb y103 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2013 </div></div><div class="c x2c y102 wd h18"><div class="t m0 x24 hb y103 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">83,41 </div></div><div class="c x13 y104 wd h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb y103 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2003 </div></div><div class="c x2b y104 we h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb y103 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">95,50 </div></div><div class="c xa y104 wf h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb y103 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2014 </div></div><div class="c x2c y104 wd h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb y103 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">78,81 </div></div><div class="c x13 y105 wd h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb y103 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2004 </div></div><div class="c x2b y105 we h16"><div class="t m0 x2d hb y103 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">105,17 </div></div><div class="c xa y105 wf h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb y103 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2015 </div></div><div class="c x2c y105 wd h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb y103 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">75,63 </div></div><div class="c x13 y106 wd h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">2005 </div></div><div class="c x2b y106 we h16"><div class="t m0 x2d hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc">102,95 </div></div><div class="c xa y106 wf h16"><div class="t m0 x2e hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div></div><div class="c x2c y106 wd h16"><div class="t m0 x2e hb yfd ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> </div></div><div class="t m0 xb hb y107 ff3 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls3 wsc"> Fonte: IPEADATA. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div>
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