<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/940a94e6-14e4-478c-9615-054236bd8e7f/bg1.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 wse">Artigos ori<span class="blank _0"> </span>ginais<span class="ff2"> </span></div></div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y3 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, Unicamp<span class="blank _1"></span>. IE. </div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y4 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls5 ws0">http://dx.doi.or<span class="blank _1"></span>g/10.159<span class="blank _1"></span>0/1982-3533.20<span class="ls6 ws1">20<span class="ls7 ws2">v2</span></span>9n2art<span class="ls6 ws1">06</span><span class="ff3 fs2 fc1 wse"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h5 y5 ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h5 y6 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v<span class="blank _2"></span>. 29, n. 2 <span class="ls8 ws3">(6</span>9), p. <span class="ls6 ws1">497<span class="ls0">-</span>524<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls5 wse">, maio-agos<span class="blank _1"></span>to <span class="ls6 ws1">2020.</span><span class="ff3 fs2"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h6 y7 ff4 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Formação do pen<span class="blank _1"></span>samento bra<span class="blank _1"></span>sileiro moder<span class="blank _1"></span>no sobre a i<span class="blank _1"></span>nflação<span class="ls9">: </span><span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y8 ff4 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">da Segunda Guer<span class="blank _1"></span>ra Mundia<span class="blank _1"></span>l à crise cam<span class="blank _1"></span>bial <span class="blank _0"> </span>(1939-<span class="blank _1"></span>1947) <span class="ff5 fs1 ls1 v1">\uf02a</span><span class="ff3 fs4"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 y9 ff6 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Patrick Fontaine <span class="ff4 fs0 ws4 v1">**<span class="ff5 fs1 fc0 ws5">\uf02a</span></span><span class="ff7 ls2"> <span class="fs4 ls5 v2"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h9 ya ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div><div class="t m0 xa ha yb ff3 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 hb yc ff8 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws6">Resumo<span class="ff9 wse"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hc yd ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Esse <span class="blank _1"></span>artigo a<span class="blank _1"></span>nalisa a<span class="blank _1"></span> ev<span class="blank _1"></span>olução e <span class="blank _2"></span>a contro<span class="blank _0"> </span>vérsia <span class="blank _2"></span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _1"></span>pensame<span class="blank _1"></span>nto brasileiro <span class="blank _1"></span>sobre a<span class="blank _1"></span> i<span class="blank _1"></span>nflação, <span class="blank _1"></span>desde <span class="blank _1"></span>o início <span class="blank _2"></span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>a Segunda </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc ye ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Guerra <span class="blank _3"> </span>Mundial <span class="blank _4"> </span>até <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>Crise <span class="blank _4"> </span>Cambial <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>1947.<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>Ao <span class="blank _3"> </span>longo <span class="blank _3"> </span>desse <span class="blank _3"> </span>perío<span class="blank _0"> </span>do, <span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>debate <span class="blank _3"> </span>se <span class="blank _4"> </span>organiza <span class="blank _3"> </span>entre <span class="blank _3"> </span>dois <span class="blank _3"> </span>polo<span class="blank _0"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc yf ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">opositores. De um<span class="blank _1"></span> lado, liberais, c<span class="blank _2"></span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>mo G<span class="blank _2"></span>u<span class="blank _0"> </span>din e Carvalho, ar<span class="blank _1"></span>gume<span class="blank _1"></span>ntavam ser <span class="blank _1"></span>o excess<span class="blank _1"></span>o de demanda, aquecida pelas<span class="blank _2"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y10 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">encomendas das economias em e<span class="blank _1"></span>sforço de guerra, a principal causa para a inflaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão. Do outro, desenvolvim<span class="blank _1"></span>entistas, </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y11 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">como Simonsen, A<span class="blank _1"></span>lmeida e <span class="blank _0"> </span>Menezes, <span class="blank _0"> </span>argume<span class="blank _1"></span>ntavam haver <span class="blank _0"> </span>na <span class="blank _0"> </span>economia brasileira <span class="blank _0"> </span>enormes excedentes <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>mão de </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y12 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">obra <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>serem <span class="blank _3"> </span>incorporado<span class="blank _0"> </span>s, <span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"> </span>viam <span class="blank _3"> </span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _3"> </span>bons <span class="blank _4"> </span>olhos <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>internalização <span class="blank _3"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>processos <span class="blank _3"> </span>indu<span class="blank _0"> </span>striais. <span class="blank _5"> </span>A<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>in<span class="blank _0"> </span>flaçã<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>seri<span class="blank _0"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y13 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">resultado do <span class="blank _0"> </span>contexto de exceção, que encarecia importados, <span class="blank _0"> </span>e da insuficiência de <span class="blank _0"> </span>crescimento da oferta interna. <span class="blank _0"> </span>O </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y14 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">debate tem<span class="blank _1"></span> seu clímax <span class="blank _1"></span>na definição de um<span class="blank _1"></span>a estratégia <span class="blank _1"></span>para conter a <span class="blank _1"></span>crise do balanço <span class="blank _1"></span>de pagam<span class="blank _1"></span>entos deflagrada pelo </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y15 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">esgotamento <span class="blank _6"> </span>das <span class="blank _6"> </span>reservas <span class="blank _6"> </span>internacion<span class="blank _0"> </span>ais, <span class="blank _6"> </span>em <span class="blank _6"> </span>1947. <span class="blank _6"> </span>Houve <span class="blank _6"> </span>uma <span class="blank _6"> </span>convergência <span class="blank _6"> </span>entre <span class="blank _6"> </span>autores <span class="blank _6"> </span>liberais <span class="blank _6"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y16 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">desenvolvimentistas, q<span class="blank _0"> </span>uando ambos <span class="blank _0"> </span>apoiaram a <span class="blank _0"> </span>restrição <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>importações co<span class="blank _0"> </span>mo solução <span class="blank _0"> </span>para <span class="blank _0"> </span>a crise. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Essa <span class="blank _0"> </span>solução, </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y17 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">apesar <span class="blank _3"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"> </span>seu <span class="blank _4"> </span>caráter <span class="blank _4"> </span>intervencio<span class="blank _0"> </span>nista, <span class="blank _4"> </span>foi <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>preferida <span class="blank _4"> </span>por <span class="blank _4"> </span>ambos <span class="blank _3"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>s <span class="blank _3"> </span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>olos <span class="blank _3"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>positores, <span class="blank _3"> </span>já <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>permitiria <span class="blank _3"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>vitar </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y18 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">eventuais <span class="blank _3"> </span>desvalorizaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ões <span class="blank _3"> </span>do <span class="blank _3"> </span>cruzeiro, <span class="blank _3"> </span>q<span class="blank _1"></span>ue, <span class="blank _3"> </span>naquele <span class="blank _3"> </span>c<span class="blank _1"></span>ontexto, <span class="blank _3"> </span>foram <span class="blank _7"> </span>entendidas <span class="blank _3"> </span>como <span class="blank _7"> </span>potenciais <span class="blank _3"> </span>agravantes <span class="blank _7"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y19 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">processo <span class="blank"> </span>inflacionário. <span class="blank _4"> </span>A<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>aceitação <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>po<span class="blank _0"> </span>sturas <span class="blank"> </span>intervencionistas <span class="blank"> </span>por <span class="blank _8"> </span>parte <span class="blank"> </span>dos <span class="blank"> </span>liberais <span class="blank"> </span>abriu <span class="blank"> </span>espaço <span class="blank"> </span>para <span class="blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y1a ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">florescimento e diversificação das análises sobre as particularidades do process<span class="blank _1"></span>o inflacionário brasileiro.<span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y1b ff8 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws7">Palavras-chave:<span class="ff4 wse"> Inflação; Pensamento brasileiro; Anos 1940.<span class="ff3"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y1c ff3 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y1d ff8 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws8">Abstract<span class="ff3 wse"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 he y1e ffa fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">The formation <span class="blank _0"> </span>of Brazilian modern tho<span class="blank _0"> </span>ught <span class="blank _0"> </span>on inflation: from the <span class="blank _0"> </span>Second <span class="blank _0"> </span>World W<span class="blank _2"></span>ar <span class="blank _0"> </span>to the exchange <span class="blank _0"> </span>rate crisis (1939<span class="blank _0"> </span>-</div><div class="t m0 x5 he y1f ffa fs5 fc1 sc0 lsa ws9">1947)<span class="ffb ls5 wse"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y20 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">This <span class="blank _0"> </span>article <span class="blank _5"> </span>analyses <span class="blank _0"> </span>the <span class="blank _0"> </span>contro<span class="blank _0"> </span>versy <span class="blank _0"> </span>and <span class="blank _0"> </span>th<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>evolution <span class="blank _0"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>f <span class="blank _0"> </span>the <span class="blank _5"> </span>Braz<span class="blank _1"></span>ilian <span class="blank _0"> </span>thought <span class="blank _5"> </span>on <span class="blank _0"> </span>inflation, <span class="blank _0"> </span>from <span class="blank _0"> </span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>he <span class="blank _0"> </span>erup<span class="blank _0"> </span>tion <span class="blank _0"> </span>of </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y21 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">the Second W<span class="blank _2"></span>orld W<span class="blank _2"></span>ar to the 1947 <span class="blank _0"> </span>exchange rate crisis. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Throughout this period, <span class="blank _0"> </span>the debate <span class="blank _0"> </span>was organized into two </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y22 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">opposing <span class="blank _5"> </span>poles. <span class="blank _7"> </span>On <span class="blank _5"> </span>one <span class="blank _7"> </span>side, <span class="blank _5"> </span>liberals, <span class="blank _5"> </span>such <span class="blank _7"> </span>as <span class="blank _5"> </span>Gudin <span class="blank _7"> </span>and <span class="blank _5"> </span>Carvalho, <span class="blank _7"> </span>arg<span class="blank _1"></span>ued <span class="blank _5"> </span>that <span class="blank _7"> </span>excess<span class="blank _1"></span>ive <span class="blank _5"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>emand, <span class="blank _5"> </span>increased <span class="blank _5"> </span>b<span class="blank _0"> </span>y </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y23 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">purchases <span class="blank _5"> </span>from <span class="blank _0"> </span>coun<span class="blank _0"> </span>tries <span class="blank _0"> </span>in<span class="blank _0"> </span>volved <span class="blank _5"> </span>in <span class="blank _5"> </span>the <span class="blank _0"> </span>war <span class="blank _5"> </span>effort, <span class="blank _0"> </span>was <span class="blank _5"> </span>the <span class="blank _5"> </span>main <span class="blank _5"> </span>cause <span class="blank _0"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>f <span class="blank _0"> </span>inflation<span class="blank _0"> </span>. <span class="blank _5"> </span>De<span class="blank _0"> </span>velopmentalists, <span class="blank _0"> </span>such <span class="blank _5"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y24 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Simonsen, <span class="blank _0"> </span>Alme<span class="blank _1"></span>ida <span class="blank _7"> </span>and <span class="blank _7"> </span>Menezes, <span class="blank _7"> </span>on<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>the <span class="blank _5"> </span>opposite <span class="blank _7"> </span>side, <span class="blank _7"> </span>argued <span class="blank _5"> </span>that <span class="blank _7"> </span>the <span class="blank _7"> </span>Brazilian <span class="blank _7"> </span>econo<span class="blank _0"> </span>my<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>h<span class="blank _0"> </span>ad <span class="blank _7"> </span>large<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>workforce </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y25 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">surpluses <span class="blank _1"></span>to <span class="blank _2"></span>b<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"></span>u<span class="blank _0"> </span>tilized, <span class="blank _2"></span>and saw<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>the <span class="blank _2"></span>in<span class="blank _0"> </span>ternalization <span class="blank _2"></span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>f <span class="blank _2"></span>industrial pro<span class="blank _1"></span>cesses <span class="blank _2"></span>as positive. <span class="blank _2"></span>The debate <span class="blank _2"></span>reached its <span class="blank _2"></span>climax </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y26 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">with the <span class="blank _0"> </span>definition of a <span class="blank _0"> </span>strategy to <span class="blank _0"> </span>contain th<span class="blank _0"> </span>e exchange rate crisis <span class="blank _0"> </span>initiated by the <span class="blank _0"> </span>depletion <span class="blank _0"> </span>of foreign currency in<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y27 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">1947. Co<span class="blank _1"></span>nverge<span class="blank _1"></span>nce betw<span class="blank _1"></span>een liber<span class="blank _1"></span>als a<span class="blank _1"></span>nd dev<span class="blank _1"></span>elopmentalists <span class="blank _1"></span>took <span class="blank _1"></span>place, <span class="blank _2"></span>an<span class="blank _0"> </span>d b<span class="blank _1"></span>oth su<span class="blank _1"></span>pported <span class="blank _1"></span>an adm<span class="blank _1"></span>inistrative <span class="blank _2"></span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>mport </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y28 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">license in<span class="blank _0"> </span> order <span class="blank _0"> </span>to con<span class="blank _0"> </span>trol th<span class="blank _0"> </span>e commercial deficit <span class="blank _0"> </span>that <span class="blank _0"> </span>Brazil was <span class="blank _0"> </span>increasingly experiencing. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Both <span class="blank _0"> </span>sides considered </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y29 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">it <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _2"></span>solution that<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _2"></span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>uld <span class="blank _2"></span>potentially <span class="blank _1"></span>solve <span class="blank _2"></span>the ex<span class="blank _1"></span>change <span class="blank _2"></span>crisis and, <span class="blank _2"></span>at t<span class="blank _1"></span>he <span class="blank _2"></span>same <span class="blank _1"></span>time, <span class="blank _2"></span>avoid an <span class="blank _2"></span>inflationary <span class="blank _2"></span>shock, which </div><div class="t m0 x5 hc y2a ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">could po<span class="blank _0"> </span>tentially<span class="blank _1"></span> result<span class="blank _0"> </span> from a <span class="blank _0"> </span>devaluation <span class="blank _0"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>f the <span class="blank _0"> </span>exchange rate. The <span class="blank _0"> </span>liberals' acceptance of <span class="blank _0"> </span>interventionist stan<span class="blank _0"> </span>ces </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y2b ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">allowed <span class="blank _1"></span>for <span class="blank _2"></span>th<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"></span>flourish<span class="blank _0"> </span>ing <span class="blank _2"></span>and dive<span class="blank _1"></span>rsification <span class="blank _1"></span>of <span class="blank _2"></span>anal<span class="blank _0"> </span>yses <span class="blank _2"></span>on the <span class="blank _2"></span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>articularities <span class="blank _2"></span>of <span class="blank _1"></span>the <span class="blank _1"></span>Brazilian <span class="blank _2"></span>in<span class="blank _0"> </span>flationary<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>process.<span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y2c ff8 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wsa">Keywords<span class="ff4 wse">: Inflation<span class="lsb">; <span class="blank _0"> </span></span>Brazilian thought; 1940s.<span class="ff3"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y2d ff8 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">JEL<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="ff4 ws7">B22.</span><span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x5 h5 y2f ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div></div><div class="t m0 xc h5 y2f ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h10 y30 ff5 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls5 wsb">\uf02a<span class="ff4 ls3 wse"> <span class="fs1 ls5 v3">Artigo <span class="blank _3"> </span>recebido <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _3"> </span>29 <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>janeiro <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>2018 <span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>aprovado <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _3"> </span>6 <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>fevereiro <span class="blank _3"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"> </span>20<span class="blank _0"> </span>19. <span class="blank _3"> </span>Este <span class="blank _4"> </span>trabalho <span class="blank _3"> </span>contou <span class="blank _3"> </span>c<span class="blank _0"> </span>om <span class="blank _3"> </span>o </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h11 y31 ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">financiamento <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>Capes <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>CNPq, <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>com <span class="blank _5"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>s <span class="blank _5"> </span>comentários <span class="blank _5"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>Ricardo <span class="blank _5"> </span>Bielschow<span class="blank _1"></span>sky<span class="blank _2"></span>, <span class="blank _0"> </span>André <span class="blank _5"> </span>Modenesi, <span class="blank _5"> </span>Carlos <span class="blank _5"> </span>Bast<span class="blank _0"> </span>os, <span class="blank _5"> </span>Pedro </div><div class="t m0 x5 h12 y32 ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Fonse<span class="blank _1"></span>ca, <span class="blank _2"></span>Angela Ganem e <span class="blank _1"></span>V<span class="blank _2"></span>ictor <span class="blank _2"></span>Araúj<span class="blank _0"> </span>o. Dev<span class="blank _1"></span>o agradecer a <span class="blank _1"></span>todos, sem re<span class="blank _1"></span>sponsabilizá-los por qualquer e<span class="blank _1"></span>quívoco o<span class="blank _1"></span>u omissão.<span class="ff3 fs6 v4"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h10 y33 ff4 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">** <span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="fs1 v3">Profe<span class="blank _1"></span>ssor <span class="blank _a"> </span>Adjunto <span class="blank _9"> </span>da <span class="blank _b"> </span>Univer<span class="blank _1"></span>sidade <span class="blank _b"> </span>F<span class="blank _1"></span>ederal <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _a"> </span>Alfenas <span class="blank _b"> </span>(Unifal), <span class="blank _a"> </span>Al<span class="blank _1"></span>fenas, <span class="blank _b"> </span>MG, <span class="blank _9"> </span>Brasil. <span class="blank _9"> </span>E-mail: </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y34 ff4 fs1 fc3 sc0 ls5 wsc">patrick.fontaine@<span class="blank _1"></span>hotmail.com<span class="fc1 ls4 wse">. <span class="ls5">OR<span class="blank _1"></span>CID:<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="fc3 wsd">https://orcid.or<span class="blank _1"></span>g/0000-000<span class="blank _1"></span>2-8639-122X<span class="fc1 wsc">.<span class="ff3 wse"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:97.000000px;bottom:99.270000px;width:102.500000px;height:11.000000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:228.120000px;bottom:99.270000px;width:131.670000px;height:11.000000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x5 y35 w4 h14" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/940a94e6-14e4-478c-9615-054236bd8e7f/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 x5 h15 y36 ff1 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">P<span class="blank _1"></span>atrick Fo<span class="blank _1"></span>ntaine </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y37 ffc fs1 fc1 sc0 lsc wsf">498<span class="ff3 ls5 wse"> <span class="blank _c"> </span><span class="ff1">Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v<span class="blank _2"></span>. 29, n. 2 <span class="ls8 ws3">(6</span>9), p. <span class="ls6 ws1">497<span class="ls0">-</span>524<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls5 wse">, maio-agos<span class="blank _1"></span>to <span class="ls6 ws1">202</span><span class="ws0">0.</span><span class="ff3"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y38 ff8 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws10">Introduçã<span class="blank _1"></span>o<span class="ff3 wse"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 y39 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Este <span class="blank _0"> </span>artigo se <span class="blank _0"> </span>propõe <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>analisar o <span class="blank _0"> </span>pensamento sobre <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>inflação <span class="blank _0"> </span>no Brasil, <span class="blank _0"> </span>do i<span class="blank _0"> </span>nício da </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y3a ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Segunda Guerra <span class="blank _0"> </span>Mundial, em <span class="blank _0"> </span>1939, <span class="blank _0"> </span>até <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>Crise Cambial <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>se desencadeou em <span class="blank _0"> </span>1947. T<span class="blank _1"></span>rata-</div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y3b ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">se de <span class="blank _1"></span>um <span class="blank _1"></span>período m<span class="blank _2"></span>ar<span class="blank _0"> </span>cado <span class="blank _2"></span>por<span class="blank _0"> </span> um<span class="blank _2"></span> processo de <span class="blank _1"></span>reorden<span class="blank _1"></span>amento <span class="blank _1"></span>global <span class="blank _1"></span>associado<span class="blank _1"></span> ao confl<span class="blank _1"></span>ito, no<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y3c ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">qual <span class="blank _4"> </span>as <span class="blank _3"> </span>autoridades <span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>acadêmicos <span class="blank _3"> </span>brasileiros <span class="blank _3"> </span>perceberam <span class="blank _3"> </span>uma <span class="blank _4"> </span>oportunidade <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>exercer <span class="blank _4"> </span>um </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y3d ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">papel <span class="blank _4"> </span>mais <span class="blank _4"> </span>destacado <span class="blank _4"> </span>na <span class="blank _4"> </span>econom<span class="blank _1"></span>ia <span class="blank _4"> </span>mundial. <span class="blank _d"> </span>Como <span class="blank _3"> </span>resultado <span class="blank _4"> </span>dessa <span class="blank _4"> </span>percepção, <span class="blank _4"> </span>houve <span class="blank _4"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y3e ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">crescente <span class="blank _e"> </span>eferv<span class="blank _1"></span>escência, <span class="blank _e"> </span>circulação <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _e"> </span>consolidação <span class="blank _e"> </span>de <span class="blank _e"> </span>publicações <span class="blank _e"> </span>ligadas <span class="blank _e"> </span>à <span class="blank _8"> </span>econom<span class="blank _1"></span>ia <span class="blank _e"> </span>no </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y3f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Brasil, <span class="blank _2"></span>que <span class="blank _1"></span>foi <span class="blank _2"></span>chamada <span class="blank _2"></span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff6"> <span class="blank _2"></span>\u201cboom<span class="lsf">\u201d <span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ff4 ls5">dos <span class="blank _2"></span>Estudos <span class="blank _2"></span>Econômicos: <span class="blank _1"></span>\u201cNós <span class="blank _2"></span>testemunham<span class="blank _2"></span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>s <span class="blank _1"></span>agora <span class="blank _2"></span>uma </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y40 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">corrida na <span class="blank _1"></span>org<span class="blank _1"></span>anização d<span class="blank _1"></span>e inst<span class="blank _1"></span>itutos, funda<span class="blank _1"></span>ção de s<span class="blank _1"></span>ociedades <span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _1"></span>faculdades de <span class="blank _1"></span>Econ<span class="blank _1"></span>omia, <span class="blank _1"></span>novas </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y41 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">publicações econôm<span class="blank _1"></span>icas e assim<span class="blank _1"></span> por diante<span class="ls10">\u201d </span>(Norm<span class="blank _1"></span>ano, 1944, p. 15).<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 y42 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">As <span class="blank _e"> </span>análises <span class="blank _e"> </span>sobre <span class="blank _e"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>ealidade <span class="blank _e"> </span>econômica <span class="blank _d"> </span>expressas <span class="blank _e"> </span>no <span class="blank _e"> </span>princípio <span class="blank _e"> </span>dos <span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"></span>nos <span class="blank _e"> </span>40, <span class="blank _e"> </span>no </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y43 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">entanto, <span class="blank _5"> </span>se <span class="blank _0"> </span>caracterizavam<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>por <span class="blank _5"> </span>um <span class="blank _0"> </span>marcante <span class="blank _5"> </span>ecletismo. <span class="blank _1"></span>Autores <span class="blank _0"> </span>inspiravam<span class="blank _0"> </span>-se <span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>aportes <span class="blank _5"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y44 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">escolas <span class="blank _0"> </span>de pensamento <span class="blank _0"> </span>distintas <span class="blank _0"> </span>com<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>muita fl<span class="blank _0"> </span>uidez, o <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>pode ser <span class="blank _0"> </span>explicado pe<span class="blank _0"> </span>la <span class="blank _0"> </span>incipiência </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y45 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">do <span class="blank _4"> </span>estudo <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>economia <span class="blank _3"> </span>no <span class="blank _4"> </span>Brasil, <span class="blank _4"> </span>ou <span class="blank _4"> </span>pela <span class="blank _4"> </span>dificuldade <span class="blank _3"> </span>enfrentada <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>aplicar-se <span class="blank _4"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>aportes </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y46 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">teóricos <span class="blank _0"> </span>form<span class="blank _1"></span>ulados <span class="blank _0"> </span>no <span class="blank _0"> </span>prim<span class="blank _1"></span>eiro <span class="blank _0"> </span>mundo à <span class="blank _5"> </span>uma reali<span class="blank _0"> </span>da<span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>subdesenvolvida (Fonseca, <span class="blank _0"> </span>2000). <span class="blank _2"></span>A<span class="blank _2"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y47 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">maioria <span class="blank _e"> </span>dos <span class="blank _e"> </span>autores, <span class="blank _e"> </span>mesm<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _e"> </span>dentr<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _e"> </span>aqueles <span class="blank _e"> </span>que <span class="blank _e"> </span>rivalizavam<span class="blank _1"></span>, <span class="blank _e"> </span>conc<span class="blank _0"> </span>ordavam <span class="blank _e"> </span>em <span class="blank _e"> </span>apontar <span class="blank _e"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y48 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">sistema <span class="blank _7"> </span>econômico <span class="blank _5"> </span>brasileiro <span class="blank _7"> </span>como <span class="blank _5"> </span>particularmente <span class="blank _7"> </span>distinto <span class="blank _7"> </span>daqueles <span class="blank _5"> </span>observados <span class="blank _7"> </span>nos <span class="blank _7"> </span>países </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y49 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">centrais. <span class="blank _f"> </span>Não <span class="blank _f"> </span>havia, <span class="blank"> </span>assim, <span class="blank"> </span>u<span class="blank _0"> </span>ma <span class="blank"> </span>cl<span class="blank _0"> </span>ara <span class="blank _f"> </span>associação <span class="blank"> </span>às <span class="blank _f"> </span>escolas <span class="blank _f"> </span>tal <span class="blank _f"> </span>como <span class="blank"> </span>se <span class="blank _10"> </span>apresentavam </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y4a ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">originalmente no contexto europeu e <span class="blank _0"> </span>estadunidens<span class="blank _1"></span>e, <span class="blank _0"> </span>e os deba<span class="blank _0"> </span>tes se organizavam<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank _0"> </span>torno <span class="blank _0"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y4b ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">identificação <span class="blank _7"> </span>das <span class="blank _3"> </span>causas <span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"> </span>soluções <span class="blank _3"> </span>para <span class="blank _7"> </span>os <span class="blank _3"> </span>problemas <span class="blank _3"> </span>econômicos <span class="blank _7"> </span>particulares <span class="blank _7"> </span>enf<span class="blank _0"> </span>rentado<span class="blank _1"></span>s </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y4c ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">pela econom<span class="blank _1"></span>ia brasileira.<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 y4d ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">O <span class="blank _1"></span>debate <span class="blank _2"></span>com conto<span class="blank _1"></span>rnos <span class="blank _1"></span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>ais b<span class="blank _1"></span>em-acabados, <span class="blank _2"></span>que v<span class="blank _1"></span>inha <span class="blank _1"></span>se <span class="blank _2"></span>desenrolando d<span class="blank _1"></span>esde <span class="blank _2"></span>os anos </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y4e ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">1930, <span class="blank _5"> </span>estabeleceu-<span class="blank _1"></span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>torno <span class="blank _7"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>necessidade, <span class="blank _5"> </span>ou <span class="blank _5"> </span>não, <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>planejamento <span class="blank _5"> </span>estatal <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>econom<span class="blank _1"></span>ia </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y4f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">(T<span class="blank _2"></span>eixeir<span class="blank _1"></span>a; Maring<span class="blank _1"></span>oni; Gentil, <span class="blank _1"></span>2010). Desde <span class="blank _1"></span>a Rev<span class="blank _1"></span>olução de <span class="blank _1"></span>1930 o <span class="blank _1"></span>Estado vinha <span class="blank _1"></span>assumindo <span class="blank _1"></span>as </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y50 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">rédeas <span class="blank _2"></span>da econom<span class="blank _2"></span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>a, <span class="blank _2"></span>em <span class="blank _1"></span>paralelo <span class="blank _2"></span>com <span class="blank _2"></span>o <span class="ff6">New <span class="blank _2"></span>Deal<span class="ff4"> de <span class="blank _2"></span>Roosevelt, <span class="blank _2"></span>e <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>discuss<span class="blank _1"></span>ão <span class="blank _2"></span>do p<span class="blank _1"></span>lanejamento </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y51 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">tornou-se necessária para <span class="blank _0"> </span>estabelecer os <span class="blank _0"> </span>limites e <span class="blank _0"> </span>possibilidades dessa atuação. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Houve, então, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y52 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">como <span class="blank _7"> </span>frut<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>dessa <span class="blank _3"> </span>pauta, <span class="blank _3"> </span>um<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>pol<span class="blank _0"> </span>arização <span class="blank _7"> </span>entre <span class="blank _3"> </span>autores <span class="blank _7"> </span>liberais, <span class="blank _3"> </span>representados<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>por <span class="blank _7"> </span>Gudin, <span class="blank _3"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y53 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">desenvolvim<span class="blank _1"></span>entistas <span class="blank _11"> </span>(ou <span class="blank _11"> </span>intervencion<span class="blank _1"></span>istas, <span class="blank _11"> </span>como <span class="blank _11"> </span>se <span class="blank _11"> </span>convencionou <span class="blank _11"> </span>ch<span class="blank _1"></span>amar <span class="blank _11"> </span>no <span class="blank _11"> </span>período), </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y54 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">representados por S<span class="blank _1"></span>imonsen</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x3 h17 y55 ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">1</div></div><div class="t m0 xf ha y54 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws10">.<span class="ff3 wse"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 y56 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">O <span class="blank"> </span>cená<span class="blank _1"></span>rio <span class="blank"> </span>po<span class="blank _1"></span>larizado <span class="blank _e"> </span>que <span class="blank"> </span>se <span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"></span>senhou <span class="blank _8"> </span>contrastav<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _8"> </span>com <span class="blank _e"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>relativa <span class="blank"> </span>h<span class="blank _1"></span>egem<span class="blank _1"></span>onia <span class="blank"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y57 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">pensamento <span class="blank _e"> </span>liberal <span class="blank _e"> </span>que <span class="blank"> </span>ha<span class="blank _1"></span>via <span class="blank _e"> </span>sido <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>ônica <span class="blank _e"> </span>do <span class="blank _e"> </span>princípio <span class="blank _e"> </span>do <span class="blank"> </span>séc<span class="blank _1"></span>ulo <span class="blank _e"> </span>XX <span class="blank _8"> </span>(Manteg<span class="blank _1"></span>a, <span class="blank _e"> </span>1984<span class="blank _5"> </span>; </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y58 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Bielschowsky<span class="blank _12"></span>, <span class="blank _3"> </span>1988). <span class="blank _3"> </span>O <span class="blank _3"> </span>liberalismo <span class="blank _3"> </span>brasileiro, <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _3"> </span>tinha <span class="blank _3"> </span>as <span class="blank _3"> </span>cl<span class="blank _0"> </span>asses <span class="blank _3"> </span>agroexport<span class="blank _1"></span>adoras <span class="blank _3"> </span>como </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y59 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">principal <span class="blank _7"> </span>base <span class="blank _5"> </span>social <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>sustentaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão, <span class="blank _7"> </span>agia <span class="blank _7"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>def<span class="blank _0"> </span>esa <span class="blank _7"> </span>do <span class="blank _7"> </span>livre<span class="blank _0"> </span>-com<span class="blank _1"></span>ércio, <span class="blank _7"> </span>posicionando-se <span class="blank _7"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y5a ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">contrário a políticas que privilegiassem o desenvolvimento industria<span class="blank _1"></span>l. O intervencionismo era </div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x5 h5 y2f ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div></div><div class="t m0 xc h5 y2f ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y5b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y5b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">1</div></div><div class="t m0 xe h13 y5b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wsc">)<span class="ff7 lsd wse"> </span><span class="ff4">\u201c</span><span class="wse">No Brasil <span class="blank _0"> </span>essa problemática surge nos <span class="blank _0"> </span>anos 30, <span class="blank _0"> </span>e toma <span class="blank _0"> </span>corpo<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>principal<span class="blank _1"></span>mente com a <span class="blank _0"> </span>polêmica travada na <span class="blank _0"> </span>década de </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y31 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">30 <span class="blank _7"> </span>entre <span class="blank _5"> </span>dois <span class="blank _7"> </span>personage<span class="blank _1"></span>ns <span class="blank _5"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>maior <span class="blank _5"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>estaque,<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>tanto <span class="blank _5"> </span>no <span class="blank _7"> </span>plano <span class="blank _5"> </span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>eórico, <span class="blank _5"> </span>quanto <span class="blank _5"> </span>na <span class="blank _7"> </span>vida <span class="blank _5"> </span>político<span class="blank _0"> </span>-econômica <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _7"> </span>país: <span class="blank _7"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>primeiro, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y32 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Roberto <span class="blank _5"> </span>Simonsen, <span class="blank _5"> </span>empresário <span class="blank _5"> </span>líder <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank _7"> </span>Federação <span class="blank _5"> </span>das <span class="blank _7"> </span>Indústrias <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>São <span class="blank _5"> </span>Paulo, <span class="blank _5"> </span>defendendo <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>intervencionism<span class="blank _1"></span>o; <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>segundo, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y5c ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Eugênio Gudin, prof<span class="blank _1"></span>essor de e<span class="blank _1"></span>conomia, diretor de e<span class="blank _1"></span>mpresas estrangeiras <span class="blank _1"></span>de serviços, def<span class="blank _1"></span>endendo o liberalismo<span class="ff4 lse">\u201d</span> (Mantega, 1984<span class="blank _1"></span>, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y34 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws11">p.<span class="ls5 wse"> 26).<span class="blank _1"></span> </span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x5 y5d w4 h14" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/940a94e6-14e4-478c-9615-054236bd8e7f/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x10 h15 y36 ff1 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Formação d<span class="blank _1"></span>o pensam<span class="blank _1"></span>ento b<span class="blank _1"></span>rasileir<span class="blank _1"></span>o moder<span class="blank _1"></span>no sobr<span class="blank _1"></span>e a in<span class="blank _1"></span>flação<span class="ls13">: </span>da Seg<span class="blank _1"></span>unda <span class="blank _1"></span>Guerra <span class="blank _1"></span>Mundial à c<span class="blank _1"></span>rise cambial<span class="blank _1"></span> (1939-1<span class="blank _1"></span>947) </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y37 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v<span class="blank _2"></span>. 29, n. 2 <span class="ls8 ws3">(6</span>9), p. <span class="ls6 ws1">497<span class="ls11">-</span>524<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls5 wse">, maio-agos<span class="blank _1"></span>to <span class="ls6 ws1">202</span>0. <span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="ffc lsc wsf">499</span><span class="ff3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y5e ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">capitaneado pelos ainda incipient<span class="blank _1"></span>es industrialistas, que se circunscreviam<span class="blank _1"></span> à emergente agenda </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y5f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">do <span class="blank _0"> </span>desenvolvim<span class="blank _2"></span>ent<span class="blank _0"> </span>ismo</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x11 h17 y60 ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">2</div></div><div class="t m0 x12 h16 y5f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Nessa <span class="blank _0"> </span>controvérsi<span class="blank _1"></span>a, <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>debate sobre <span class="blank _0"> </span>inflação se <span class="blank _0"> </span>tornou <span class="blank _0"> </span>central para <span class="blank _0"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y61 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">arg<span class="blank _1"></span>umentação de am<span class="blank _2"></span>bos os<span class="blank _0"> </span> lados da oposição <span class="blank _1"></span>estabelecida, c<span class="blank _1"></span>omo se v<span class="blank _1"></span>erá adiante. <span class="ff7 ls12"> </span><span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 y3b ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">De modo g<span class="blank _1"></span>eral, o período c<span class="blank _1"></span>ompreendido en<span class="blank _1"></span>tre 1939 e <span class="blank _1"></span>1947 pode ser <span class="blank _1"></span>dividido em<span class="blank _1"></span> duas </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y3c ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">fases. Prim<span class="blank _1"></span>eiro, o períod<span class="blank _1"></span>o coincidente<span class="blank _1"></span> com a Seg<span class="blank _1"></span>unda <span class="blank _1"></span>Guerra Mund<span class="blank _1"></span>ial (1939-1945), no qu<span class="blank _1"></span>al o </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y3d ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">comércio <span class="blank _3"> </span>mundia<span class="blank _1"></span>l <span class="blank _3"> </span>esteve <span class="blank _7"> </span>parcialmente <span class="blank _7"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>nterrom<span class="blank _1"></span>pido. <span class="blank _7"> </span>Nesse <span class="blank _3"> </span>contexto, <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>econom<span class="blank _1"></span>ia <span class="blank _3"> </span>brasileira </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y3e ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">passou <span class="blank _0"> </span>a acumular <span class="blank _0"> </span>superávits <span class="blank _0"> </span>comerciais e, <span class="blank _0"> </span>consequentem<span class="blank _2"></span>ent<span class="blank _0"> </span>e, <span class="blank _0"> </span>reservas em <span class="blank _0"> </span>dólares, já <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y3f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">importações, m<span class="blank _1"></span>esmo que demandadas, não pod<span class="blank _1"></span>iam realizar-<span class="blank _2"></span>se nos montantes demandados. <span class="blank _2"></span>As </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y40 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">importações <span class="blank _1"></span>de m<span class="blank _2"></span>áqui<span class="blank _0"> </span>nas, <span class="blank _1"></span>equipamento<span class="blank _1"></span>s e <span class="blank _1"></span>insum<span class="blank _1"></span>os foram<span class="blank _1"></span> dificultada<span class="blank _1"></span>s, m<span class="blank _1"></span>as, ao <span class="blank _1"></span>mesm<span class="blank _1"></span>o tem<span class="blank _1"></span>po, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y41 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">a <span class="blank _5"> </span>economia <span class="blank _5"> </span>br<span class="blank _0"> </span>asileira <span class="blank _5"> </span>teve <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>at<span class="blank _0"> </span>ender <span class="blank _5"> </span>às <span class="blank _5"> </span>encomendas <span class="blank _5"> </span>dos <span class="blank _7"> </span>países <span class="blank _5"> </span>aliados <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _5"> </span>fomentar<span class="blank _2"></span>, <span class="blank _7"> </span>com </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y62 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">bens ag<span class="blank _1"></span>rícolas e<span class="blank _1"></span> sem<span class="blank _1"></span>imanufaturados<span class="blank _1"></span>, as <span class="blank _1"></span>econom<span class="blank _1"></span>ias em<span class="blank _2"></span> esforço de <span class="blank _2"></span>guerra. Na <span class="blank _1"></span>primeira<span class="blank _1"></span> parte <span class="blank _1"></span>do </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y63 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">texto <span class="blank _4"> </span>serão <span class="blank _4"> </span>analisadas <span class="blank _4"> </span>as<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>percepções <span class="blank _4"> </span>dos <span class="blank _d"> </span>autores <span class="blank _4"> </span>sobre <span class="blank _4"> </span>os <span class="blank _d"> </span>impactos <span class="blank _4"> </span>desses <span class="blank _4"> </span>condicionante<span class="ls14">s </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y64 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">contextuais pa<span class="blank _1"></span>ra a dinâmica int<span class="blank _1"></span>erna de preços.<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 y45 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">O <span class="blank _7"> </span>perí<span class="blank _0"> </span>odo <span class="blank _7"> </span>subsequente <span class="blank _7"> </span>(1945-1947) <span class="blank _7"> </span>corresponde <span class="blank _7"> </span>à <span class="blank _3"> </span>transição <span class="blank _7"> </span>para <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>normalidade <span class="blank _7"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y46 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">comércio <span class="blank _3"> </span>global, <span class="blank _4"> </span>mas <span class="blank _3"> </span>que <span class="blank _3"> </span>implicou <span class="blank _3"> </span>na <span class="blank _4"> </span>emer<span class="blank _1"></span>gência <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>uma <span class="blank _3"> </span>se<span class="blank _0"> </span>vera <span class="blank _3"> </span>crise <span class="blank _4"> </span>cam<span class="blank _1"></span>bial <span class="blank _3"> </span>no <span class="blank _4"> </span>Brasil, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y47 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">precipitada <span class="blank _1"></span>pel<span class="blank _1"></span>a ex<span class="blank _1"></span>plosão <span class="blank _2"></span>do v<span class="blank _1"></span>olume <span class="blank _2"></span>e dos <span class="blank _1"></span>preços <span class="blank _2"></span>das <span class="blank _1"></span>im<span class="blank _1"></span>portações r<span class="blank _1"></span>ealizadas. <span class="blank _12"></span>A<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>expectat<span class="blank _1"></span>iva <span class="blank _1"></span>de </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y48 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">um <span class="blank _2"></span>período de <span class="blank _2"></span>estabilidade <span class="blank _2"></span>monetária <span class="blank _2"></span>e cam<span class="blank _2"></span>bi<span class="blank _0"> </span>al <span class="blank _1"></span>no <span class="blank _2"></span>pós-guerra <span class="blank _1"></span>se <span class="blank _2"></span>frustrou, <span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _2"></span>o esg<span class="blank _1"></span>otamento <span class="blank _2"></span>das </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y49 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">divisas forçou um <span class="blank _0"> </span>diálogo entre os analistas <span class="blank _0"> </span>da econom<span class="blank _1"></span>ia br<span class="blank _0"> </span>asileira,<span class="blank _1"></span> que <span class="blank _0"> </span>precisar<span class="blank _1"></span>am encontrar </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y4a ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">uma <span class="blank _12"></span>sol<span class="blank _0"> </span>ução <span class="blank _2"></span>para <span class="blank _2"></span>o <span class="blank _2"></span>prob<span class="blank _1"></span>lema <span class="blank _2"></span>cam<span class="blank _1"></span>bial <span class="blank _2"></span>que <span class="blank _2"></span>ao <span class="blank _2"></span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>esmo <span class="blank _12"></span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>empo <span class="blank _2"></span>mantiv<span class="blank _1"></span>esse <span class="blank _2"></span>sob <span class="blank _2"></span>controle <span class="blank _12"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>traje<span class="blank _1"></span>tória </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y4b ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">interna <span class="blank _0"> </span>dos pr<span class="blank _0"> </span>eços. Os <span class="blank _0"> </span>contornos desse <span class="blank _0"> </span>debate, <span class="blank _0"> </span>b<span class="blank _0"> </span>em como a <span class="blank _0"> </span>sol<span class="blank _0"> </span>ução adotada <span class="blank _0"> </span>serão <span class="blank _0"> </span>analisados </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y4c ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">neste texto.<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe ha y65 ff3 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y66 ff8 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">1 <span class="blank _2"></span><span class="ls15">A <span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="ls5">controv<span class="blank _1"></span>érsia sobr<span class="blank _2"></span>e inflação no contexto de gu<span class="blank _1"></span>erra<span class="ff3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 y4f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">As <span class="blank _3"> </span>condições <span class="blank _3"> </span>econômicas <span class="blank _7"> </span>dos <span class="blank _3"> </span>primeiros <span class="blank _3"> </span>anos <span class="blank _7"> </span>da <span class="blank _3"> </span>década <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>1940 <span class="blank _3"> </span>foram <span class="blank _7"> </span>fort<span class="blank _0"> </span>emente </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y50 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">afetadas <span class="blank _5"> </span>pelas <span class="blank _7"> </span>interrupções <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>alterações <span class="blank _5"> </span>dos <span class="blank _7"> </span>fluxos <span class="blank _7"> </span>com<span class="blank _1"></span>erciais <span class="blank _7"> </span>geradas <span class="blank _5"> </span>pela <span class="blank _7"> </span>Segunda <span class="blank _5"> </span>Guerra </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y51 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Mundial. <span class="blank _f"> </span>Econom<span class="blank _1"></span>ias <span class="blank _f"> </span>centrais <span class="blank _f"> </span>dedicaram <span class="blank _f"> </span>toda <span class="blank _f"> </span>a <span class="blank _f"> </span>produção <span class="blank _f"> </span>interna <span class="blank _f"> </span>ao <span class="blank _f"> </span>esforço <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>guerra, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y52 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">interrompendo <span class="blank _2"></span>os <span class="blank _2"></span>fluxos <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _2"></span>manufaturas <span class="blank _2"></span>que <span class="blank _2"></span>normalm<span class="blank _1"></span>ente <span class="blank _2"></span>se <span class="blank _2"></span>fazia <span class="blank _1"></span>para <span class="blank _2"></span>a <span class="blank _2"></span>periferia <span class="blank _2"></span>e, <span class="blank _2"></span>ao <span class="blank _2"></span>mesmo </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y53 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">tempo, <span class="blank _d"> </span>demandavam, <span class="blank _e"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>preços <span class="blank"> </span>c<span class="blank _1"></span>rescentes, <span class="blank _d"> </span>produtos <span class="blank _e"> </span>alimentícios, <span class="blank _d"> </span>outros <span class="blank _e"> </span>bens <span class="blank _e"> </span>primários <span class="blank _e"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y54 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">artigos <span class="blank _7"> </span>semim<span class="blank _1"></span>anufaturados <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _3"> </span>abastece<span class="blank _1"></span>r <span class="blank _7"> </span>as <span class="blank _7"> </span>economias <span class="blank _7"> </span>ao <span class="blank _7"> </span>longo <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _3"> </span>conflito <span class="blank _5"> </span>(Gudin, <span class="blank _7"> </span>1944; </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y67 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Carvalho, 1947).<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 y57 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Nesse <span class="blank"> </span>contexto, <span class="blank _f"> </span>a <span class="blank _f"> </span>estrutura <span class="blank _f"> </span>produtiva <span class="blank"> </span>brasileira <span class="blank"> </span>diversificou<span class="blank _0"> </span>-se. <span class="blank"> </span>Houve <span class="blank _f"> </span>um <span class="blank _f"> </span>forte </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y58 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">aumento <span class="blank _1"></span>da <span class="blank _1"></span>produ<span class="blank _1"></span>ção m<span class="blank _2"></span>anufatureira, com<span class="blank _2"></span>o forma <span class="blank _2"></span>de atender <span class="blank _2"></span>à dem<span class="blank _1"></span>anda <span class="blank _1"></span>interna, <span class="blank _1"></span>que <span class="blank _2"></span>deixou de<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x5 h5 y68 ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div></div><div class="t m0 xc h5 y68 ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h11 y69 ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y69 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">2</div></div><div class="t m0 xe h18 y69 ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wsc">)<span class="fs6 ls1 wse v4"> </span><span class="wse">\u201cA<span class="blank _2"></span> questão principal<span class="blank _1"></span> das disputas teó<span class="blank _1"></span>ricas e políticas relativas ao<span class="blank _1"></span> futuro do<span class="blank _1"></span>s países subdesenvo<span class="blank _1"></span>lvidos foi, nos anos 4<span class="blank _1"></span>0 </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h11 y5b ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">e <span class="blank _0"> </span>50, <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _0"> </span>conveniência d<span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>interve<span class="blank _1"></span>nção <span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _0"> </span>Estado <span class="blank _0"> </span>para <span class="blank _0"> </span>estabelece<span class="blank _1"></span>r <span class="blank _0"> </span>um <span class="blank _0"> </span>novo <span class="blank _0"> </span>pad<span class="blank _0"> </span>rão<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>crescimento. <span class="blank _0"> </span>O <span class="blank _0"> </span>principal at<span class="blank _0"> </span>aque contra <span class="blank _0"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x5 h11 y31 ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">doutrina <span class="blank _1"></span>dominante ti<span class="blank _1"></span>nha como<span class="blank _1"></span> alvo<span class="blank _1"></span> os princ<span class="blank _1"></span>ípios do livre<span class="blank _1"></span>-comér<span class="blank _1"></span>cio, ou se<span class="blank _1"></span>ja, da eficiên<span class="blank _1"></span>cia da <span class="blank _1"></span>alocação <span class="blank _1"></span>de re<span class="blank _1"></span>cursos a n<span class="blank _1"></span>ível <span class="blank _1"></span>interno </div><div class="t m0 x5 h11 y32 ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">e externo, por meio dos mecanismo<span class="blank _1"></span>s de mercado. Este ataque objet<span class="blank _1"></span>ivava dar suporte<span class="blank _1"></span> a medidas governamentais,<span class="blank _1"></span> em particular ao </div><div class="t m0 x5 h11 y5c ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">planejamento <span class="blank _f"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _f"> </span>ao <span class="blank _f"> </span>prote<span class="blank _1"></span>cionismo, <span class="blank _8"> </span>q<span class="blank _0"> </span>ue <span class="blank _f"> </span>er<span class="blank _1"></span>am <span class="blank _f"> </span>vistos <span class="blank _14"> </span>como <span class="blank _f"> </span>meios <span class="blank _14"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>se <span class="blank _14"> </span>alcançar <span class="blank _f"> </span>industrialização <span class="blank _14"> </span>rápida <span class="blank _14"> </span>e <span class="blank _14"> </span>eficiente <span class="blank _f"> </span>e, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y34 ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">consequenteme<span class="blank _1"></span>nte, de se alte<span class="blank _1"></span>rar o curso da h<span class="blank _1"></span>istória dos paíse<span class="blank _1"></span>s subdesenvo<span class="blank _1"></span>lvidos\u201d <span class="blank _0"> </span>(Biel<span class="blank _1"></span>schowsky<span class="blank _12"></span>, <span class="blank _0"> </span>1988, p. 12).<span class="ff3"> </span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x5 y6a w4 h14" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/940a94e6-14e4-478c-9615-054236bd8e7f/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 x5 h15 y36 ff1 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">P<span class="blank _1"></span>atrick Fo<span class="blank _1"></span>ntaine </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y37 ffc fs1 fc1 sc0 lsc wsf">500<span class="ff3 ls5 wse"> <span class="blank _c"> </span><span class="ff1">Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v<span class="blank _2"></span>. 29, n. 2 <span class="ls8 ws3">(6</span>9), p. <span class="ls6 ws1">497<span class="ls0">-</span>524<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls5 wse">, maio-agos<span class="blank _1"></span>to <span class="ls6 ws1">202</span><span class="ws0">0.</span><span class="ff3"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y5e ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">contar com<span class="blank _1"></span> a <span class="blank _1"></span>oferta ext<span class="blank _1"></span>erna, <span class="blank _1"></span>devido à <span class="blank _1"></span>interrupção <span class="blank _1"></span>do <span class="blank _1"></span>fluxo de <span class="blank _1"></span>importaçõe<span class="blank _1"></span>s</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x13 h17 y6b ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">3</div></div><div class="t m0 x14 h16 y5e ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">. <span class="blank _2"></span>Ao m<span class="blank _1"></span>esmo <span class="blank _1"></span>tempo, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y5f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">o país <span class="blank _2"></span>at<span class="blank _0"> </span>uav<span class="blank _1"></span>a fornecendo<span class="blank _1"></span> in<span class="blank _1"></span>sumos <span class="blank _1"></span>sobretudo <span class="blank _1"></span>para <span class="blank _1"></span>os E<span class="blank _2"></span>UA<span class="blank _2"></span> e para <span class="blank _2"></span>a Inglaterra, <span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _1"></span>interessava <span class="blank _1"></span>aos </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y61 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">aliados que os produtos che<span class="blank _1"></span>gassem<span class="blank _1"></span> no maior nível de processamento possív<span class="blank _1"></span>el, com<span class="blank _2"></span>o f<span class="blank _0"> </span>orma de </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y6c ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">poupar <span class="blank _10"> </span>tempo <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"></span>rabalho <span class="blank _10"> </span>nas <span class="blank _f"> </span>j<span class="blank _0"> </span>á <span class="blank _10"> </span>sobrecarregadas<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _10"> </span>estruturas <span class="blank _11"> </span>p<span class="blank _2"></span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>odutivas<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _10"> </span>internas. <span class="blank _10"> </span>Como </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y6d ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">resultado, <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>participação <span class="blank _5"> </span>dos <span class="blank _7"> </span>produtos <span class="blank _7"> </span>manufaturados <span class="blank _5"> </span>na <span class="blank _3"> </span>pauta <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>exportaçõ<span class="blank _1"></span>es <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>no <span class="blank _7"> </span>total <span class="blank _7"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y6e ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">renda <span class="blank _7"> </span>brasileira<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>aumentou <span class="blank _5"> </span>progressivamente. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Bens <span class="blank _7"> </span>agropecuários <span class="blank _5"> </span>passaram <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>ser <span class="blank _7"> </span>exportados </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y6f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">após <span class="blank _2"></span>algum<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _2"></span>etapa <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _2"></span>p<span class="blank _1"></span>rocessamento <span class="blank _12"></span>industrial</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x15 h17 y70 ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">4</div></div><div class="t m0 x16 h16 y6f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">. <span class="blank _2"></span>O <span class="blank _2"></span>quantum<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _2"></span>das<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _2"></span>exporta<span class="blank _1"></span>ções <span class="blank _2"></span>se <span class="blank _2"></span>retra<span class="blank _1"></span>iu <span class="blank _2"></span>ao <span class="blank _12"></span>l<span class="blank _0"> </span>ongo </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y71 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">do conflito, mas os <span class="blank _0"> </span>valores mais que compensaram essa queda. O mesmo movimento ocorreu </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y72 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">com as <span class="blank _0"> </span>importações, que <span class="blank _0"> </span>se ret<span class="blank _0"> </span>raíram<span class="blank _1"></span> em <span class="blank _0"> </span>quantum, com <span class="blank _0"> </span>elevações no <span class="blank _0"> </span>valor em <span class="blank _0"> </span>contrapartida. </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y73 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">O aumento <span class="blank _0"> </span>do valor das <span class="blank _0"> </span>importações, no entanto, f<span class="blank _0"> </span>oi muito inferior ao <span class="blank _0"> </span>das exportações, o <span class="blank _0"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y74 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">se traduziu em<span class="blank _1"></span> amplos e su<span class="blank _1"></span>cessivos superávit<span class="blank _1"></span>s comerci<span class="blank _1"></span>ais ao longo do con<span class="blank _1"></span>flito</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x17 h17 y75 ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">5</div></div><div class="t m0 x18 ha y74 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws10">.<span class="ff3 wse"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 y63 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Esse <span class="blank _3"> </span>contexto, <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>florescim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento <span class="blank _3"> </span>industrial <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>acu<span class="blank _1"></span>mulação <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>superávits, <span class="blank _3"> </span>penetrou </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y64 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">então <span class="blank _d"> </span>no <span class="blank _d"> </span>debate <span class="blank _d"> </span>econômic<span class="blank _1"></span>o. <span class="blank _7"> </span>As <span class="blank _d"> </span>instâncias <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>poder <span class="blank _d"> </span>absorveram <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _d"> </span>seu <span class="blank _d"> </span>discurso <span class="blank _e"> </span>um <span class="blank _4"> </span>tom </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y76 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">industrialista, <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _7"> </span>até <span class="blank _5"> </span>então <span class="blank _7"> </span>teria <span class="blank _5"> </span>es<span class="blank _0"> </span>tado <span class="blank _5"> </span>ausente, <span class="blank _5"> </span>posicionando-se <span class="blank _7"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>favor <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>medidas <span class="blank _5"> </span>pró<span class="blank _0"> </span>-</div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y77 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws10">industrialização</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x19 h17 y78 ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">6</div></div><div class="t m0 x1a ha y77 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls16">:<span class="ff3 ls5 wse"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y79 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">O <span class="blank _15"> </span>problema <span class="blank _10"> </span>básico<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _10"> </span>da <span class="blank _11"> </span>nossa <span class="blank _15"> </span>economia <span class="blank _10"> </span>es<span class="blank _0"> </span>tará, <span class="blank _15"> </span>em <span class="blank _10"> </span>breve, <span class="blank _15"> </span>sob<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _10"> </span>novo <span class="blank _15"> </span>signo. <span class="blank _15"> </span>País </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y7a ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">semicolonial, <span class="blank _14"> </span>agrário<span class="blank _0"> </span>, <span class="blank"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>mportador <span class="blank _8"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _14"> </span>manufaturas <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank _14"> </span>expo<span class="blank _0"> </span>rtador <span class="blank _8"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _14"> </span>matérias<span class="blank _0"> </span>-primas </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y7b ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">poderá <span class="blank _7"> </span>arcar <span class="blank _7"> </span>com <span class="blank _7"> </span>as <span class="blank _7"> </span>responsabilidades <span class="blank _7"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>um<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>vida <span class="blank _7"> </span>industrial <span class="blank _7"> </span>autônoma, <span class="blank _7"> </span>pr<span class="blank _0"> </span>ovendo <span class="blank _7"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y7c ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">suas <span class="blank _0"> </span>urg<span class="blank _1"></span>entes <span class="blank _0"> </span>necessidades <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>defesa <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>aparelha<span class="blank _0"> </span>mento. Já <span class="blank _0"> </span>não <span class="blank _0"> </span>é <span class="blank _0"> </span>mais <span class="blank _0"> </span>adiável a <span class="blank _0"> </span>solução.<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y7d ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Mesmo os mais e<span class="blank _0"> </span>mpedernidos <span class="blank _0"> </span>conservadores agrários co<span class="blank _0"> </span>mpreendem que não é p<span class="blank _0"> </span>ossível </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y7e ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">depender <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _0"> </span>importação <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>máquinas e <span class="blank _0"> </span>ferra<span class="blank _0"> </span>mentas... <span class="blank _0"> </span>(Getúlio<span class="blank _0"> </span> V<span class="blank _12"></span>argas num d<span class="blank _0"> </span>iscurso <span class="blank _0"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 x1b h1a y7f ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">V<span class="blank _16"></span>olta Redonda, e<span class="blank _0"> </span>m 1943, citado em Bielschowsky<span class="blank _2"></span>, 200<span class="blank _0"> </span>0, p.<span class="blank _0"> </span> 63).<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 y80 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Liberais, <span class="blank _e"> </span>por <span class="blank"> </span>sua<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _8"> </span>vez<span class="blank _1"></span>, <span class="blank"> </span>ar<span class="blank _1"></span>ticulados <span class="blank _e"> </span>em <span class="blank _e"> </span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>orno <span class="blank _e"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>Eug<span class="blank _1"></span>ênio <span class="blank"> </span>Gudin<span class="blank _1"></span>, <span class="blank _8"> </span>entendi<span class="blank _1"></span>am <span class="blank _e"> </span>que <span class="blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y81 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">crescimento <span class="blank _e"> </span>da <span class="blank"> </span>indústria <span class="blank _e"> </span>seria <span class="blank"> </span>reflex<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank"> </span>dis<span class="blank _1"></span>torções <span class="blank _8"> </span>de <span class="blank _8"> </span>caráter <span class="blank _e"> </span>degenerativo <span class="blank _e"> </span>da <span class="blank"> </span>estrutura </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y82 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">produtiva <span class="blank"> </span>brasileira, <span class="blank"> </span>provocada <span class="blank"> </span>pela <span class="blank"> </span>excepcionalida<span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank"> </span>contextual <span class="blank"> </span>do <span class="blank"> </span>conflito <span class="blank"> </span>mundial. <span class="blank _d"> </span>A<span class="blank _2"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y83 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">demanda <span class="blank _8"> </span>externa <span class="blank _8"> </span>aquecida<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>impossibilidade <span class="blank _8"> </span>de <span class="blank _8"> </span>im<span class="blank _1"></span>portar<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>ter<span class="blank _1"></span>iam <span class="blank _8"> </span>deslocado <span class="blank _8"> </span>capacidade<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y84 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">produtiva <span class="blank"> </span>dos <span class="blank"> </span>setores <span class="blank"> </span>tradicionais, <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>maior <span class="blank"> </span>produtiv<span class="blank _1"></span>idade, <span class="blank"> </span>para <span class="blank _14"> </span>setores <span class="blank _14"> </span>novos <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank _f"> </span>menos </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y85 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws10">eficientes.<span class="fc4 wse"> <span class="blank _2"></span><span class="fc1">Nessa <span class="blank _2"></span>p<span class="blank _1"></span>erspectiv<span class="blank _1"></span>a, <span class="blank _2"></span>o <span class="blank _2"></span>desenvolvim<span class="blank _2"></span>ent<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"></span>industria<span class="blank _1"></span>l <span class="blank _2"></span>seria <span class="blank _2"></span>então <span class="blank _12"></span>um <span class="blank _2"></span>resultado <span class="blank _2"></span>indesejado </span></span></div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x5 h5 y86 ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div></div><div class="t m0 xc h5 y86 ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y87 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y87 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">3</div></div><div class="t m0 xe h13 y87 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls17 wse">) <span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ls5">A<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>partir <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>1939 <span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>fluxos <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>importação <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>exportação <span class="blank _0"> </span>começam <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>ret<span class="blank _1"></span>rair <span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank _0"> </span>q<span class="blank _0"> </span>uantidade. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Os <span class="blank _0"> </span>volumes <span class="blank _0"> </span>físicos <span class="blank _0"> </span>de </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y88 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">importação e ex<span class="blank _1"></span>portação passam <span class="blank _1"></span>de, respectivame<span class="blank _1"></span>nte, 4.874 e 4.1<span class="blank _1"></span>83 tonelad<span class="blank _1"></span>as em 1939, para <span class="blank _1"></span>3.842 e 2.671 tone<span class="blank _1"></span>ladas em <span class="blank _1"></span>1944. <span class="blank _2"></span>A<span class="blank _2"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y89 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">movimentação <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>cabotagem <span class="blank _5"> </span>nos <span class="blank _0"> </span>portos <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>Santos <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>Rio <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>Janeiro <span class="blank _0"> </span>cai <span class="blank _5"> </span>si<span class="blank _1"></span>gnificativamen<span class="blank _1"></span>te, <span class="blank _0"> </span>c<span class="blank _0"> </span>erca <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>4<span class="blank _5"> </span>4,6% <span class="blank _0"> </span>na <span class="blank _0"> </span>saída, <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>43% <span class="blank _5"> </span>na </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y8a ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">entrada, entre 1<span class="blank _1"></span>941 e 1943 (<span class="blank _1"></span>Carvalho, 1947,<span class="blank _1"></span> p. <span class="ls1 ws11">58</span>, <span class="ls1">60<span class="ls17 ws12">).</span></span> </div><div class="t m0 xd h11 y8b ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y8b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">4</div></div><div class="t m0 xe h11 y8b ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls17 wse">) <span class="blank _7"> </span><span class="ls5">A<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>exportação <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span>lgodão <span class="blank _5"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>rama <span class="blank _5"> </span>deu <span class="blank _7"> </span>lugar <span class="blank _5"> </span>à <span class="blank _7"> </span>exportação <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>tecidos <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span>lgo<span class="blank _1"></span>dão, <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>carnes <span class="blank _5"> </span>frigorificadas <span class="blank _5"> </span>foi </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y8c ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">substituída pel<span class="blank _1"></span>a de carnes em co<span class="blank _1"></span>nserva, <span class="blank _1"></span>por exe<span class="blank _1"></span>mplo (V<span class="blank _12"></span>er Carvalho, 1947).<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y8d ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y8d ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">5</div></div><div class="t m0 xe h13 y8d ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls17 wse">) <span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ls5">O valor <span class="blank _0"> </span>das <span class="blank _0"> </span>exportações passou <span class="blank _0"> </span>de 5,1 <span class="blank _0"> </span>bilhões d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e cruzeiros, em <span class="blank _0"> </span>1938, <span class="blank _0"> </span>para 12,2 <span class="blank _0"> </span>bilhões em <span class="blank _0"> </span>1945, <span class="blank _0"> </span>e o <span class="blank _0"> </span>preço d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e uma </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y8e ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">saca d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e café p<span class="blank _0"> </span>assou de 134 <span class="blank _0"> </span>para 281 c<span class="blank _0"> </span>ruzeiro<span class="blank _1"></span>s, <span class="blank _0"> </span>entre 1938 <span class="blank _0"> </span>e o <span class="blank _0"> </span>primeiro semestre de <span class="blank _0"> </span>1943. O <span class="blank _0"> </span>valor das <span class="blank _0"> </span>importaçõ<span class="blank _1"></span>es, por <span class="blank _0"> </span>sua <span class="blank _0"> </span>vez, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y69 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">foi de 5,2 bilhõe<span class="blank _1"></span>s em 1938 par<span class="blank _1"></span>a 8,6 bil<span class="blank _1"></span>hões de cruzeiro<span class="blank _1"></span>s em 1945 (Carv<span class="blank _1"></span>alho, 1947, p. <span class="ls18 ws13">56</span><span class="wsc">-<span class="ls18 ws13">58<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ls17 ws12">).</span></span></span> </div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y5b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y5b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">6</div></div><div class="t m0 xe h13 y5b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls17 wse">) <span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff4 ls5 wsc">\u201c</span><span class="ls5">Só <span class="blank _7"> </span>as <span class="blank _7"> </span>mentalidades <span class="blank _7"> </span>impermeáv<span class="blank _1"></span>eis <span class="blank _3"> </span>aos <span class="blank _7"> </span>fatos <span class="blank _7"> </span>podem <span class="blank _7"> </span>acreditar <span class="blank _7"> </span>ainda <span class="blank _7"> </span>na <span class="blank _3"> </span>valida<span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>dos <span class="blank _7"> </span>princípios <span class="blank _7"> </span>do <span class="blank _3"> </span>´l<span class="blank _1"></span>aissez<span class="blank _0"> </span>-faire´ </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y31 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">econômico e<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>nos seus<span class="blank _1"></span> corol<span class="blank _1"></span>ários pol<span class="blank _1"></span>íticos. O <span class="blank _1"></span>livre <span class="blank _1"></span>jogo <span class="blank _2"></span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>as f<span class="blank _1"></span>orças so<span class="blank _1"></span>ciais, <span class="blank _2"></span>n<span class="blank _0"> </span>o e<span class="blank _1"></span>stágio de<span class="blank _1"></span> evo<span class="blank _1"></span>lução <span class="blank _1"></span>que at<span class="blank _1"></span>ingimos, é<span class="blank _1"></span> a <span class="blank _1"></span>anarquia <span class="blank _2"></span>pu<span class="blank _0"> </span>ra<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y32 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">e <span class="blank _7"> </span>simples. <span class="blank _3"> </span>Esta <span class="blank _3"> </span>verda<span class="blank _1"></span>de, <span class="blank _7"> </span>cabalmente <span class="blank _7"> </span>confirmada <span class="blank _3"> </span>pelas <span class="blank _7"> </span>punições <span class="blank _7"> </span>da <span class="blank _3"> </span>guerra <span class="blank _7"> </span>às <span class="blank _3"> </span>grandes <span class="blank _7"> </span>potências <span class="blank _7"> </span>mundiais, <span class="blank _7"> </span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>or<span class="blank _1"></span>na<span class="blank _0"> </span>-se <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>maior </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y5c ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">evidência <span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>rel<span class="blank _1"></span>ação <span class="blank _5"> </span>aos <span class="blank _0"> </span>povos <span class="blank _0"> </span>c<span class="blank _0"> </span>om<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>nosso, <span class="blank _5"> </span>em <span class="blank _0"> </span>plena <span class="blank _5"> </span>fase <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>crescime<span class="blank _1"></span>nto <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>expansão<span class="ff4 wsc">\u201d</span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>(V<span class="blank _2"></span>arg<span class="blank _1"></span>as, <span class="blank _0"> </span>Getúlio. <span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="ff7">Discurs<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>1944<span class="ff3 ls19">, </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y34 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">citado em Man<span class="blank _1"></span>tega, 1984, p. 29).<span class="blank _1"></span> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x5 y8f w4 h14" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/940a94e6-14e4-478c-9615-054236bd8e7f/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x10 h15 y36 ff1 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Formação d<span class="blank _1"></span>o pensam<span class="blank _1"></span>ento b<span class="blank _1"></span>rasileir<span class="blank _1"></span>o moder<span class="blank _1"></span>no sobr<span class="blank _1"></span>e a in<span class="blank _1"></span>flação<span class="ls13">: </span>da Seg<span class="blank _1"></span>unda <span class="blank _1"></span>Guerra <span class="blank _1"></span>Mundial à c<span class="blank _1"></span>rise cambial<span class="blank _1"></span> (1939-1<span class="blank _1"></span>947) </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y37 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v<span class="blank _2"></span>. 29, n. 2 <span class="ls8 ws3">(6</span>9), p. <span class="ls6 ws1">497<span class="ls11">-</span>524<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls5 wse">, maio-agos<span class="blank _1"></span>to <span class="ls6 ws1">202</span>0. <span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="ffc lsc wsf">501</span><span class="ff3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y90 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">do m<span class="blank _2"></span>au funcionamento <span class="blank _1"></span>do <span class="blank _1"></span>livre <span class="blank _1"></span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>ercado num<span class="blank _1"></span> contexto <span class="blank _2"></span>de guerra. <span class="blank _12"></span>A<span class="blank _2"></span> inf<span class="blank _1"></span>lação, <span class="blank _1"></span>que s<span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _1"></span>acelerava,<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y91 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">seria a manifes<span class="blank _1"></span>tação monet<span class="blank _1"></span>ária da perda de <span class="blank _1"></span>eficiência do si<span class="blank _1"></span>stema:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y92 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Tratando-se então de uma guerra <span class="blank _0"> </span>mundial, como a atual, de <span class="blank _0"> </span>proporçõ<span class="blank _0"> </span>es nunca previstas, </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y93 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">a <span class="blank _4"> </span>repercussão <span class="blank _4"> </span>é <span class="blank _d"> </span>também <span class="blank _4"> </span>mundial, <span class="blank _d"> </span>se <span class="blank _4"> </span>bem <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _d"> </span>fenômeno<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _d"> </span>tenha <span class="blank _4"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"> </span>mesmas <span class="blank _4"> </span>cau<span class="blank _0"> </span>sas </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y94 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">básicas. <span class="blank _0"> </span>O <span class="blank _0"> </span>deslo<span class="blank _0"> </span>camento <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>milhões <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>trabalhadores, <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>seus<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>afazeres <span class="blank _0"> </span>u<span class="blank _0"> </span>suais <span class="blank _0"> </span>para <span class="blank _0"> </span>fin<span class="blank _0"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y95 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">bélicos, <span class="blank _5"> </span>das <span class="blank _0"> </span>fábricas <span class="blank _5"> </span>às <span class="blank _0"> </span>frentes <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>mbate, <span class="blank _0"> </span>fatalmente <span class="blank _5"> </span>produzirá <span class="blank _0"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>desequilíbrio <span class="blank _5"> </span>acima </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y96 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">referido <span class="blank _d"> </span>[a <span class="blank _4"> </span>inflação], <span class="blank _d"> </span>agravado <span class="blank _4"> </span>por <span class="blank _d"> </span>um <span class="blank _4"> </span>poder <span class="blank _d"> </span>aquisitivo <span class="blank _d"> </span>m<span class="blank _0"> </span>aior <span class="blank _4"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>esultante <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>salár<span class="blank _0"> </span>ios </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y97 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">maiores <span class="blank _0"> </span>dec<span class="blank _0"> </span>orrentes <span class="blank _0"> </span>não <span class="blank _5"> </span>só <span class="blank _0"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>elevação<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>das <span class="blank _5"> </span>remunerações <span class="blank _5"> </span>como <span class="blank _0"> </span>do<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>aumento <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>tempo </div><div class="t m0 x1b h1a y98 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">de serviço (Aranha, 1<span class="blank _0"> </span>945, p. <span class="blank _0"> </span>40).<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 y99 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">A<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>crítica <span class="blank _3"> </span>li<span class="blank _0"> </span>beral, <span class="blank _3"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>sustentava <span class="blank _3"> </span>sua <span class="blank _4"> </span>argum<span class="blank _1"></span>entação <span class="blank _4"> </span>com<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _d"> </span>base <span class="blank _4"> </span>na <span class="blank _4"> </span>noção <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>vocação </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y9a ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">agrária <span class="blank _e"> </span>brasileira</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x1c h17 y9b ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">7</div></div><div class="t m0 x1d h16 y9a ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">, <span class="blank _e"> </span>interpretou <span class="blank _e"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>nflação<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>crescente <span class="blank _d"> </span>como <span class="blank _e"> </span>fruto <span class="blank _e"> </span>da <span class="blank _e"> </span>alocação <span class="blank _d"> </span>ineficiente <span class="blank _e"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y9c ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">recursos na indústria. O contexto perm<span class="blank _1"></span>itiu essa interpretação, já que a aceleração<span class="blank _1"></span> dos preços e </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y9d ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">o <span class="blank _2"></span>crescimento <span class="blank _12"></span>mais <span class="blank _2"></span>veloz <span class="blank _2"></span>do <span class="blank _2"></span>segm<span class="blank _2"></span>ent<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"></span>industrial, <span class="blank _2"></span>foram<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _2"></span>fenômenos <span class="blank _2"></span>que <span class="blank _12"></span>ocorreram <span class="blank _2"></span>em<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _2"></span>paralelo, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y9e ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">sobretudo <span class="blank _2"></span>a pa<span class="blank _1"></span>rtir <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _2"></span>1941, <span class="blank _2"></span>e <span class="blank _1"></span>interpretados <span class="blank _2"></span>por <span class="blank _2"></span>liberais <span class="blank _2"></span>como <span class="blank _1"></span>correlatos. <span class="blank _2"></span>Num <span class="blank _2"></span>paí<span class="blank _0"> </span>s <span class="blank _2"></span>vocacionado </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y9f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">para <span class="blank _11"> </span>a <span class="blank _15"> </span>agricultura, <span class="blank _15"> </span>qualquer <span class="blank _11"> </span>deslocam<span class="blank _1"></span>ento <span class="blank _15"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>escassos <span class="blank _11"> </span>recursos <span class="blank _15"> </span>para <span class="blank _11"> </span>a <span class="blank _15"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>ndústria <span class="blank _15"> </span>seria </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ya0 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">ineficiente, <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>se <span class="blank _0"> </span>manifestaria, <span class="blank _0"> </span>ce<span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _0"> </span>ou <span class="blank _0"> </span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>arde, <span class="blank _0"> </span>como <span class="blank _0"> </span>inflação. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Nesse <span class="blank _0"> </span>contexto, <span class="blank _5"> </span>Gudi<span class="blank _1"></span>n <span class="blank _7"> </span>apontava<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ya1 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">as <span class="blank _3"> </span>políticas <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>promoção <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>obras <span class="blank _3"> </span>públicas</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x1e h17 ya2 ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">8</div></div><div class="t m0 x1f h16 ya1 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">, <span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>deslocamento <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>capacidade <span class="blank _3"> </span>produtiva <span class="blank _3"> </span>para </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ya3 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">atendimento <span class="blank _4"> </span>das <span class="blank _d"> </span>demandas <span class="blank _4"> </span>por <span class="blank _4"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>mportaçõ<span class="blank _1"></span>es <span class="blank _d"> </span>dos <span class="blank _4"> </span>países <span class="blank _d"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>guerra, <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>impossibilidade <span class="blank _4"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ya4 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">importar o <span class="blank _5"> </span>que internamente se <span class="blank _5"> </span>dem<span class="blank _2"></span>anda<span class="blank _0"> </span>va</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x20 h17 ya5 ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">9</div></div><div class="t m0 x21 h16 ya4 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">, <span class="blank _0"> </span>como os <span class="blank _5"> </span>principa<span class="blank _1"></span>is <span class="blank _0"> </span>fatores <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>supera<span class="blank _1"></span>queciam a<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ya6 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">economia, escas<span class="blank _1"></span>seando a disponi<span class="blank _1"></span>bilidade de fa<span class="blank _1"></span>tores de produç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x22 h17 ya7 ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">10</div></div><div class="t m0 x23 ha ya6 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls16">:<span class="ff3 ls5 wse"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 ya8 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Quando <span class="blank _0"> </span>em uma <span class="blank _0"> </span>região <span class="blank _0"> </span>ou <span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank _0"> </span>uma nação, <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>atividade <span class="blank _0"> </span>econômica <span class="blank _0"> </span>já <span class="blank _0"> </span>atingiu <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>um ponto<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 ya9 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">em <span class="blank _5"> </span>q<span class="blank _0"> </span>ue, <span class="blank _7"> </span>praticamente, <span class="blank _7"> </span>todos <span class="blank _7"> </span>os <span class="blank _7"> </span>fatores <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>produção <span class="blank _7"> </span>estão<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>mpregados, <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>iniciati<span class="blank _0"> </span>va <span class="blank _5"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yaa ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">novas atividades, v<span class="blank _1"></span>enha ela <span class="blank _1"></span>do Governo ou <span class="blank _1"></span>de particulares, terá o <span class="blank _1"></span>efeito <span class="blank _1"></span>de fazer <span class="blank _1"></span>subir os </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yab ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">preços <span class="blank _0"> </span>por <span class="blank _0"> </span>força d<span class="blank _0"> </span>a procura <span class="blank _0"> </span>adicional <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>fatores d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e produção <span class="blank _0"> </span>já <span class="blank _0"> </span>empregados, <span class="blank _0"> </span>mas não <span class="blank _0"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yac ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">de <span class="blank _3"> </span>aumentar <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>pro<span class="blank _0"> </span>dução, <span class="blank _3"> </span>porque <span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>esvio <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>fatores <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>rodução <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>uma <span class="blank _7"> </span>par<span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>outra </div><div class="t m0 x1b h1a yad ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">atividade <span class="blank _4"> </span>só <span class="blank _4"> </span>permite <span class="blank _4"> </span>aumentar <span class="blank _4"> </span>uma <span class="blank _3"> </span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>rodução <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _3"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>etrimento <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>outra <span class="blank _d"> </span>(Gudin, <span class="blank _4"> </span>194<span class="blank _0"> </span>6, <span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h1a yae ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws14">p.<span class="ls4 wse"> </span>1)<span class="ls5 ws15">.<span class="ff3 wse"> </span></span></div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x5 h5 yaf ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div></div><div class="t m0 xc h5 yaf ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h13 yb0 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 yb0 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">7</div></div><div class="t m0 xe h13 yb0 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls17 wse">) <span class="blank _2"></span><span class="ff4 ls5">Disponibilidade <span class="blank _2"></span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"></span>terras, <span class="blank _2"></span>fertilidade<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _2"></span>do <span class="blank _1"></span>solo<span class="blank _1"></span>, <span class="blank _2"></span>regularidade <span class="blank _1"></span>topog<span class="blank _1"></span>ráfica, <span class="blank _2"></span>etc. <span class="ff3">P<span class="blank _1"></span>ara <span class="blank _2"></span>mais <span class="blank _1"></span>sobre <span class="blank _2"></span>o <span class="blank _2"></span>debate <span class="blank _2"></span>ver <span class="blank _2"></span>Bielschowsky </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 yb1 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wsc">(1988<span class="ls1c ws16">).</span><span class="wse"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h13 yb2 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 yb2 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">8</div></div><div class="t m0 xe h13 yb2 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wsc">)<span class="ff7 ls1a wse"> </span><span class="ff6">\u201c</span><span class="wse">É <span class="blank _0"> </span>no <span class="blank _5"> </span>setor <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>investime<span class="blank _1"></span>ntos <span class="blank _0"> </span>públicos <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>verifica<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>consideráv<span class="blank _1"></span>el <span class="blank _0"> </span>atividade. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Alé<span class="blank _1"></span>m <span class="blank _0"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>as <span class="blank _5"> </span>o<span class="blank _1"></span>bras <span class="blank _0"> </span>militares <span class="blank _5"> </span>exe<span class="blank _1"></span>cutadas </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 yb3 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">pelos G<span class="blank _1"></span>overnos <span class="blank _1"></span>Brasileiro <span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _2"></span>Americano, in<span class="blank _1"></span>dispensáve<span class="blank _1"></span>is ao <span class="blank _1"></span>curso <span class="blank _1"></span>da guer<span class="blank _1"></span>ra, i<span class="blank _1"></span>números e<span class="blank _1"></span> vultoso<span class="blank _1"></span>s são <span class="blank _1"></span>os empre<span class="blank _1"></span>endime<span class="blank _1"></span>ntos pú<span class="blank _1"></span>blicos </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y87 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">em todas as <span class="blank _1"></span>regiõe<span class="blank _1"></span>s do <span class="blank _1"></span>país: novas e<span class="blank _1"></span>stradas <span class="blank _1"></span>de fe<span class="blank _1"></span>rro e<span class="blank _1"></span> de ro<span class="blank _1"></span>dagem e<span class="blank _1"></span>m vários Esta<span class="blank _1"></span>dos, gra<span class="blank _1"></span>ndes remo<span class="blank _1"></span>delações <span class="blank _1"></span>de traçado <span class="blank _1"></span>na Ce<span class="blank _1"></span>ntral </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y88 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">do <span class="blank _7"> </span>Brasil, <span class="blank _5"> </span>V<span class="blank _12"></span>olta <span class="blank _7"> </span>Redonda, <span class="blank _5"> </span>Rio <span class="blank _7"> </span>Doce, <span class="blank _7"> </span>Usinas <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>Macabu, <span class="blank _7"> </span>Baixada, <span class="blank _7"> </span>Comp<span class="blank _1"></span>anhia <span class="blank _7"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>B<span class="blank _0"> </span>orracha<span class="blank _1"></span>, <span class="blank _7"> </span>Estrada <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>Ferro <span class="blank _7"> </span>para <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>B<span class="blank _0"> </span>olívia,<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y89 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Palácios <span class="blank _2"></span>para <span class="blank _2"></span>Ministérios <span class="blank _2"></span>e <span class="blank _1"></span>I<span class="blank _1"></span>nstitutos <span class="blank _2"></span>Paraestatais, <span class="blank _2"></span>A<span class="blank _2"></span>ve<span class="blank _1"></span>nidas, <span class="blank _2"></span>etc., <span class="blank _1"></span>etc.<span class="ff4 lse">\u201d</span><span class="ff7"> <span class="blank _2"></span><span class="ff3">(Gudin, <span class="blank _2"></span>1944, <span class="blank _2"></span>p. <span class="blank _2"></span><span class="ls18 ws13">29<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ls5 wse">-30). <span class="blank _2"></span>Carvalho <span class="blank _2"></span>compartilha <span class="blank _2"></span>dessa <span class="blank _2"></span>leitura, </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y8a ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">ressaltando <span class="blank _1"></span>o f<span class="blank _1"></span>ato <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>que e<span class="blank _1"></span>m co<span class="blank _1"></span>ndições <span class="blank _1"></span>exce<span class="blank _1"></span>pcionais o<span class="blank _1"></span> go<span class="blank _1"></span>verno <span class="blank _1"></span>tinha ma<span class="blank _1"></span>ior <span class="blank _1"></span>autoridade <span class="blank _2"></span>pa<span class="blank _0"> </span>ra <span class="blank _2"></span>ampliar seus<span class="blank _1"></span> déficits<span class="blank _1"></span> (<span class="blank _1"></span>Carvalho, <span class="blank _1"></span>1947, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y8b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws11">p.<span class="ls5 wse"> <span class="ls18 ws13">49<span class="ls17 ws12">).</span></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y8c ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y8c ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">9</div></div><div class="t m0 xe h13 y8c ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">) \u201c<span class="ff3">Não produzimos canhões e munições, mas <span class="blank _0"> </span>produzimos café, algodão, bo<span class="blank _1"></span>rracha, minérios, etc. que exportamos para </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y8d ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">os Esta<span class="blank _0"> </span>dos Unidos <span class="blank _0"> </span>e a <span class="blank _0"> </span>Inglaterra, sem <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>desses países <span class="blank _0"> </span>possamos comprar <span class="blank _0"> </span>mercadorias correspondentes. <span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff4">(\u2026) <span class="blank _0"> </span></span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>que p<span class="blank _0"> </span>roduze<span class="blank _1"></span>m </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y8e ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">café, <span class="blank _0"> </span>algodão, <span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _5"> </span>tecidos, a<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>borracha, <span class="blank _0"> </span>etc. <span class="blank _5"> </span>exportados <span class="blank _0"> </span>recebe<span class="blank _1"></span>m <span class="blank _0"> </span>rendimentos <span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank _0"> </span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>agamento <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>seu <span class="blank _0"> </span>trabalho, <span class="blank _0"> </span>mas <span class="blank _5"> </span>as <span class="blank _0"> </span>mercadorias </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y69 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">correspondentes<span class="blank _1"></span> não <span class="blank _0"> </span>são substituídas por outras mercadorias de <span class="blank _0"> </span>importação<span class="blank _1"></span>. E <span class="blank _0"> </span>é assim que <span class="blank _0"> </span>se verifica o desequilíbrio de <span class="blank _0"> </span>exces<span class="blank _0"> </span>so </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y5b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">de rendimentos e<span class="blank _1"></span>m relação às me<span class="blank _1"></span>rcado<span class="blank _1"></span>rias a serviço disponíve<span class="blank _1"></span>is<span class="ff4 ls1b">\u201d</span> (Gudin, 1<span class="blank _1"></span>944, p. <span class="ls1 ws11">9)</span>.<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y31 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y31 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">10</div></div><div class="t m0 x24 h13 y31 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls17 wse">) <span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff4 lse">\u201c</span><span class="ls5">Acre<span class="blank _1"></span>scente-se <span class="blank"> </span>o <span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"></span>sfalque <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _2"></span>ã<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>obra <span class="blank"> </span>produz<span class="blank _1"></span>ido <span class="blank"> </span>pel<span class="blank _1"></span>as <span class="blank"> </span>convo<span class="blank _1"></span>cações <span class="blank"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank"> </span>serviço <span class="blank _4"> </span>militar; <span class="blank"> </span>ju<span class="blank _1"></span>nte<span class="blank _0"> </span>-se <span class="blank _4"> </span>a </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y32 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">necessidade de<span class="blank _1"></span> atender à <span class="blank _1"></span>produção de <span class="blank _1"></span>eme<span class="blank _1"></span>rgência para <span class="blank _1"></span>a substitui<span class="blank _1"></span>ção de pro<span class="blank _1"></span>dutos normalme<span class="blank _1"></span>nte importa<span class="blank _1"></span>dos, in<span class="blank _0"> </span>clusive<span class="blank _1"></span> o carvão de </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y5c ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">madeira <span class="blank _0"> </span>e a <span class="blank _0"> </span>lenha, e <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>causa admiração é <span class="blank _0"> </span>que ainda <span class="blank _0"> </span>reste u<span class="blank _0"> </span>m pouco <span class="blank _0"> </span>de mão <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>obra para <span class="blank _0"> </span>produzir milho, <span class="blank _0"> </span>arro<span class="blank _1"></span>z, feijão, <span class="blank _0"> </span>leit<span class="blank _0"> </span>e,<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y34 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wsc">etc.<span class="ff4 lse">\u201d<span class="ff7 ls4 wse"> </span></span><span class="wse">(Gudin, <span class="blank _1"></span>1945, p. <span class="ls18 ws13">30<span class="ls17 ws12">).</span></span> </span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x5 yb4 w4 h14" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/940a94e6-14e4-478c-9615-054236bd8e7f/bg6.png"><div class="t m0 x5 h15 y36 ff1 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">P<span class="blank _1"></span>atrick Fo<span class="blank _1"></span>ntaine </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y37 ffc fs1 fc1 sc0 lsc wsf">502<span class="ff3 ls5 wse"> <span class="blank _c"> </span><span class="ff1">Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v<span class="blank _2"></span>. 29, n. 2 <span class="ls8 ws3">(6</span>9), p. <span class="ls6 ws1">497<span class="ls0">-</span>524<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls5 wse">, maio-agos<span class="blank _1"></span>to <span class="ls6 ws1">202</span><span class="ws0">0.</span><span class="ff3"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 y5e ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">O <span class="blank _6"> </span>ar<span class="blank _1"></span>gum<span class="blank _2"></span>ent<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>que <span class="blank _6"> </span>hav<span class="blank _1"></span>eria <span class="blank _6"> </span>perda <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>eficiênc<span class="blank _1"></span>ia <span class="blank _6"> </span>na <span class="blank _11"> </span>passagem <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>segmentos </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y5f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">agropecuários <span class="blank _0"> </span>para <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>indústria, <span class="blank _0"> </span>sustentado <span class="blank _0"> </span>por <span class="blank _5"> </span>Gudin, <span class="blank _0"> </span>era <span class="blank _5"> </span>alimentado, <span class="blank _0"> </span>naquele <span class="blank _0"> </span>contexto, <span class="blank _5"> </span>pelo<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y61 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">fato <span class="blank"> </span>dos <span class="blank _f"> </span>setores <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>exportação <span class="blank"> </span>da <span class="blank _f"> </span>economia <span class="blank"> </span>brasileira <span class="blank"> </span>serem<span class="ff6 ls1d"> </span>\u201cverdadeiras <span class="blank _14"> </span>ilhas <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>alta </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y6c ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">produtividade, <span class="blank _17"> </span>em <span class="blank _17"> </span>forte <span class="blank _17"> </span>contraste <span class="blank _17"> </span>com <span class="blank _17"> </span>o <span class="blank _17"> </span>atr<span class="blank _0"> </span>aso <span class="blank _17"> </span>do <span class="blank _17"> </span>restante <span class="blank _17"> </span>do <span class="blank _17"> </span>sistema <span class="blank _17"> </span>produtivo<span class="blank _0"> </span>\u201d </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y6d ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">(Bielschowsk<span class="blank _1"></span>y<span class="blank _12"></span>, 1988, p. 19). <span class="blank _2"></span>As fontes ad<span class="blank _1"></span>icionais de <span class="blank _1"></span>dem<span class="blank _1"></span>anda e a sub<span class="blank _1"></span>jacente abso<span class="blank _1"></span>rção de m<span class="blank _2"></span>ão<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y6e ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">de <span class="blank _2"></span>obra <span class="blank _2"></span>no <span class="blank _1"></span>setor <span class="blank _2"></span>industrial, <span class="blank _2"></span>teriam<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _2"></span>então <span class="blank _1"></span>gerado <span class="blank _2"></span>uma <span class="blank _2"></span>situação <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _2"></span>sobre-emprego, <span class="blank _2"></span>na <span class="blank _2"></span>qual <span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _2"></span>nível </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y6f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">de <span class="blank _2"></span>atividade <span class="blank _12"></span>estaria <span class="blank _2"></span>operando <span class="blank _2"></span>acim<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _2"></span>da <span class="blank _2"></span>capacidad<span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _2"></span>produtiva <span class="blank _12"></span>do <span class="blank _2"></span>sistema, <span class="blank _2"></span>im<span class="blank _1"></span>plicando <span class="blank _2"></span>num<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _2"></span>leilão </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y71 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">por <span class="blank _2"></span>mão <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>obra, <span class="blank _2"></span>e <span class="blank _2"></span>preços <span class="blank _1"></span>cr<span class="blank _1"></span>escentes. <span class="blank _2"></span>Essa <span class="blank _2"></span>análise <span class="blank _2"></span>parte <span class="blank _2"></span>do <span class="blank _1"></span>pressuposto <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _2"></span>que <span class="blank _1"></span>não <span class="blank _2"></span>haveria <span class="blank _2"></span>mão </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y72 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">de <span class="blank _7"> </span>obra <span class="blank _7"> </span>sobressalente <span class="blank _5"> </span>disponível</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x25 h17 yb5 ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">11</div></div><div class="t m0 x26 h16 y72 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">, <span class="blank _7"> </span>e, <span class="blank _7"> </span>assim, <span class="blank _7"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>deslocam<span class="blank _1"></span>ento <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>trabalho <span class="blank _7"> </span>para <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>indústria <span class="blank _7"> </span>só </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y73 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">poderia ocorrer em<span class="blank _1"></span> detrimento do emprego nas lavouras, que abas<span class="blank _1"></span>teciam o mercado interno,<span class="blank _1"></span> e </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y74 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">com aumento do c<span class="blank _1"></span>usto do trabalh<span class="blank _1"></span>o:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yb6 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Salvo <span class="blank _2"></span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _2"></span>um <span class="blank _2"></span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>u <span class="blank _2"></span>outro <span class="blank _1"></span>ponto <span class="blank _2"></span>isolad<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"></span>do <span class="blank _1"></span>país, <span class="blank _2"></span>a ex<span class="blank _1"></span>istência <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>um <span class="blank _2"></span>hiper-e<span class="blank _0"> </span>mprego <span class="blank _2"></span>de g<span class="blank _1"></span>rande </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yb7 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">intensidade na atual conjuntura da Economia Brasileira salta aos olhos, mesmo de quem </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yb8 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">não quer <span class="blank _2"></span>ver<span class="blank _1"></span>. <span class="blank _1"></span>O ag<span class="blank _1"></span>ricultor que <span class="blank _1"></span>precisa de <span class="blank _2"></span>braço<span class="blank _0"> </span>s <span class="blank _2"></span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>ara <span class="blank _1"></span>o trato <span class="blank _2"></span>de suas <span class="blank _2"></span>lavo<span class="blank _0"> </span>uras n<span class="blank _1"></span>ão os <span class="blank _1"></span>tem; </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yb9 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">o <span class="blank _0"> </span>industrial <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>precisa <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>ma<span class="blank _0"> </span>ior <span class="blank _0"> </span>número d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e o<span class="blank _0"> </span>perários <span class="blank _0"> </span>não <span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>encontra <span class="blank _0"> </span>dese<span class="blank _0"> </span>mpregados; </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yba ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">(\u2026). <span class="blank _0"> </span>E os <span class="blank _0"> </span>preços sob<span class="blank _0"> </span>em ininterrupta<span class="blank _0"> </span>mente. E, co<span class="blank _0"> </span>mo sempre, <span class="blank _0"> </span>quando há <span class="blank _0"> </span>hiper<span class="blank _0"> </span>-emprego,<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h1a ybb ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">decaem a disciplina e a pr<span class="blank _0"> </span>odutividade do op<span class="blank _0"> </span>erariado <span class="blank _0"> </span>(Gudin, 1946, p.<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="ls1 ws14">2)</span><span class="ws15">.</span><span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 ybc ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">A<span class="blank _2"></span> anál<span class="blank _0"> </span>ise de <span class="blank _0"> </span>Gudin e<span class="blank _0"> </span>ncontr<span class="blank _1"></span>ou r<span class="blank _0"> </span>essonância no texto <span class="blank _0"> </span>de Fernando <span class="blank _0"> </span>Mibieli de <span class="blank _0"> </span>Carvalho, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ybd ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">A<span class="blank _2"></span> Inflação Brasileira, que escreveu ao Observador Eco<span class="blank _1"></span>nômico e Financeiro como funcionário </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ybe ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">do Fundo<span class="blank _2"></span> Monetário <span class="blank _2"></span>Internacional<span class="blank _1"></span> (F<span class="blank _1"></span>MI)</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x27 h17 ybf ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">12</div></div><div class="t m0 x28 h16 ybe ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">. C<span class="blank _1"></span>arvalho <span class="blank _2"></span>argum<span class="blank _1"></span>entava <span class="blank _1"></span>que <span class="blank _2"></span>os crescentes <span class="blank _2"></span>preços de<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yc0 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">produtos <span class="blank _2"></span>exportáveis <span class="blank _2"></span>brasileiros <span class="blank _12"></span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>eriam <span class="blank _2"></span>atraído <span class="blank _2"></span>fatores <span class="blank _12"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>produção <span class="blank _2"></span>para <span class="blank _2"></span>estes <span class="blank _2"></span>setores, <span class="blank _2"></span>deixando<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yc1 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">em <span class="blank _8"> </span>segundo <span class="blank _8"> </span>plano <span class="blank"> </span>setore<span class="blank _1"></span>s <span class="blank _8"> </span>tradicionais. <span class="blank _e"> </span>O <span class="blank"> </span>aumento <span class="blank _e"> </span>dos <span class="blank"> </span>custos <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _e"> </span>importação <span class="blank _8"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>trigo <span class="blank _e"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yc2 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">combustíveis, <span class="blank _7"> </span>foram <span class="blank _7"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>ncorporados <span class="blank _7"> </span>às <span class="blank _3"> </span>explicações <span class="blank _3"> </span>para <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>aceleração <span class="blank _7"> </span>dos <span class="blank _3"> </span>preços, <span class="blank _7"> </span>mas <span class="blank _3"> </span>seria<span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ls1e">m </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 ha yc3 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">secundários num<span class="blank _1"></span> contexto de sup<span class="blank _1"></span>eraquecim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento da econom<span class="blank _2"></span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>a interna:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yc4 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Os <span class="blank _d"> </span>altos <span class="blank _e"> </span>preços <span class="blank _d"> </span>obtid<span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _d"> </span>no <span class="blank _d"> </span>comércio <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>ex<span class="blank _1"></span>portação <span class="blank _d"> </span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>elos <span class="blank _d"> </span>produtos <span class="blank _d"> </span>minerais, <span class="blank _d"> </span>os <span class="blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yc5 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">indústria <span class="blank _4"> </span>extrativa <span class="blank _4"> </span>agrícola <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"> </span>manufaturas <span class="blank _4"> </span>(<span class="blank _0"> </span>tecidos, <span class="blank _4"> </span>pneumáticos <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>câ<span class="blank _0"> </span>maras <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>ar, </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yc6 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">manufaturas de <span class="blank _0"> </span>couros <span class="blank _0"> </span>e peles e p<span class="blank _0"> </span>rodutos farmacêuticos), <span class="blank _0"> </span>fizeram com que <span class="blank _0"> </span>a nossa vid<span class="blank _0"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yc7 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">rural <span class="blank _7"> </span>so<span class="blank _0"> </span>fresse <span class="blank _7"> </span>u<span class="blank _0"> </span>ma <span class="blank _7"> </span>verd<span class="blank _0"> </span>adeira <span class="blank _3"> </span>revolução, <span class="blank _3"> </span>abandonando <span class="blank _3"> </span>as <span class="blank _3"> </span>suas <span class="blank _7"> </span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>opulações <span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>trabalho </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yc8 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">agrícola pela extr<span class="blank _0"> </span>ação de ped<span class="blank _0"> </span>ras preciosas, mica, crista<span class="blank _0"> </span>l de ro<span class="blank _0"> </span>cha, carbonados, d<span class="blank _0"> </span>iamante </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yc9 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">industrial <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>outros <span class="blank _3"> </span>minerais <span class="blank _7"> </span>estratégicos, <span class="blank _7"> </span>ou <span class="blank _7"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span>mandando <span class="blank _7"> </span>as <span class="blank _7"> </span>capitais <span class="blank _7"> </span>dos <span class="blank _7"> </span>Estados <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>os<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yca ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">grandes <span class="blank _5"> </span>centros <span class="blank _5"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>ndustriais <span class="blank _5"> </span>de<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>São <span class="blank _5"> </span>Paulo <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>Distrito <span class="blank _5"> </span>Federal,<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>busca <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>emprego <span class="blank _5"> </span>na<span class="blank _0"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x1b h1a ycb ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">fábricas (Carvalho, 1<span class="blank _0"> </span>947, p. <span class="blank _0"> </span>53).<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 y57 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Ambos <span class="blank _2"></span>Gudin <span class="blank _2"></span>(1944) <span class="blank _2"></span>e <span class="blank _2"></span>Carvalho <span class="blank _2"></span>(1947), <span class="blank _2"></span>além <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _2"></span>criticar <span class="blank _2"></span>a <span class="blank _2"></span>suposta <span class="blank _2"></span>sobrecarg<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _2"></span>exercida </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y58 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">sobre <span class="blank _0"> </span>os meios <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>produção, sustentaram a <span class="blank _5"> </span>ideia de <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>superávi<span class="blank _1"></span>ts <span class="blank _0"> </span>comerciais acumulados </div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x5 h5 ycc ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div></div><div class="t m0 xc h5 ycc ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y8d ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y8d ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">11</div></div><div class="t m0 x24 h13 y8d ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls17 wse">) <span class="ls5">Bielschowsky<span class="blank _1"></span> entende que<span class="blank _1"></span> o conce<span class="blank _1"></span>ito de<span class="blank _1"></span> pleno-empre<span class="blank _1"></span>go é fundame<span class="blank _1"></span>ntal para <span class="blank _1"></span>a consistê<span class="blank _1"></span>ncia interna <span class="blank _1"></span>da ar<span class="blank _1"></span>gument<span class="blank _1"></span>ação </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y8e ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">de Gudin, em <span class="blank _1"></span>toda sua obra:<span class="ff4"> \u201cA<span class="blank _2"></span> hipótese<span class="blank _1"></span> central de sua arg<span class="blank _1"></span>umentação é a<span class="blank _1"></span> da existência de<span class="blank _1"></span> pleno-emprego na economia<span class="blank _1"></span> brasileira<span class="blank _1"></span>. </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y69 ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Era <span class="blank _1"></span>este <span class="blank _2"></span>um <span class="blank _2"></span>ponto <span class="blank _2"></span>indispensável <span class="blank _2"></span>à <span class="blank _1"></span>consistência <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _2"></span>suas <span class="blank _1"></span>formulaçõe<span class="blank _1"></span>s<span class="ls1f">\u201d </span>(Biel<span class="blank _1"></span>schow<span class="blank _1"></span>sky<span class="blank _2"></span>, <span class="blank _1"></span>2001, <span class="blank _2"></span>p. <span class="blank _1"></span>9<span class="ls1 ws11">3)</span><span class="wsc">.<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ff3 wse"> <span class="blank _2"></span>O <span class="blank _1"></span>autor <span class="blank _2"></span>chega <span class="blank _2"></span>inclusive <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _2"></span>cunhar </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y5b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">o conceito d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e arqui-hiper-e<span class="blank _1"></span>mprego:<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff4 lse">\u201c</span>Gr<span class="blank _1"></span>ande <span class="blank _0"> </span>parte do n<span class="blank _0"> </span>osso<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>desequilí<span class="blank _1"></span>brio econômico provém exatamente da hip<span class="blank _0"> </span>er<span class="blank _1"></span>trofia de <span class="blank _0"> </span>nossa </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y31 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">atividade no setor dos <span class="blank _0"> </span>investimentos<span class="blank _1"></span>, relativamente ao setor das <span class="blank _0"> </span>mercadoria<span class="blank _1"></span>s de consumo. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Os pro<span class="blank _0"> </span>blemas que mais preocupam os </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y32 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">economistas são<span class="blank _1"></span> os do dese<span class="blank _1"></span>mprego na<span class="blank _1"></span>s épocas de <span class="blank _1"></span>depressão e <span class="blank _1"></span>do excesso<span class="blank _1"></span> de empreg<span class="blank _1"></span>o nas épocas<span class="blank _1"></span> de inflação. No<span class="blank _1"></span>ssa sit<span class="blank _1"></span>uação é de </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y5c ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wsc">arqui-hiper<span class="blank _1"></span>-empre<span class="blank _1"></span>go<span class="ff4 ls20 wse">\u201d </span><span class="wse">(Gudin, 1<span class="blank _1"></span>944, p. 74). </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y34 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y34 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">12</div></div><div class="t m0 x24 h13 y34 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">) O autor foi consulto<span class="blank _1"></span>r jurídico <span class="blank _1"></span>do CNPq a partir <span class="blank _1"></span>de 1951, e publico<span class="blank _1"></span>u textos re<span class="blank _1"></span>lacionados à questão m<span class="blank _1"></span>igratória. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x5 y5d w4 h14" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/940a94e6-14e4-478c-9615-054236bd8e7f/bg7.png"><div class="t m0 x10 h15 y36 ff1 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Formação d<span class="blank _1"></span>o pensam<span class="blank _1"></span>ento b<span class="blank _1"></span>rasileir<span class="blank _1"></span>o moder<span class="blank _1"></span>no sobr<span class="blank _1"></span>e a in<span class="blank _1"></span>flação<span class="ls13">: </span>da Seg<span class="blank _1"></span>unda <span class="blank _1"></span>Guerra <span class="blank _1"></span>Mundial à c<span class="blank _1"></span>rise cambial<span class="blank _1"></span> (1939-1<span class="blank _1"></span>947) </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y37 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v<span class="blank _2"></span>. 29, n. 2 <span class="ls8 ws3">(6</span>9), p. <span class="ls6 ws1">497<span class="ls11">-</span>524<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls5 wse">, maio-agos<span class="blank _1"></span>to <span class="ls6 ws1">202</span>0. <span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="ffc lsc wsf">503</span><span class="ff3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y5e ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">ao <span class="blank _4"> </span>longo <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>guerra <span class="blank _4"> </span>teriam <span class="blank _3"> </span>contribuído <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>evolução <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>preços. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Os <span class="blank _4"> </span>saldos <span class="blank _4"> </span>positivos <span class="blank _3"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y5f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">dólares <span class="blank _5"> </span>(e <span class="blank _5"> </span>outras <span class="blank _5"> </span>divisas) <span class="blank _5"> </span>eram<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>esterilizados <span class="blank _5"> </span>com <span class="blank _0"> </span>moeda <span class="blank _5"> </span>l<span class="blank _0"> </span>ocal, <span class="blank _5"> </span>gerando <span class="blank _5"> </span>um <span class="blank _5"> </span>aumento <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>base </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y61 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">monetária. Assim, <span class="blank _7"> </span>enquanto <span class="blank _3"> </span>cresciam <span class="blank _7"> </span>as <span class="blank _3"> </span>reservas <span class="blank _7"> </span>internacionais, <span class="blank _7"> </span>crescia <span class="blank _7"> </span>em <span class="blank _7"> </span>par<span class="blank _0"> </span>alelo <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>base </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y6c ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">monetária, já que <span class="blank _0"> </span>o governo precisava emitir cruzeiros para comprar <span class="blank _0"> </span>os dólares resultantes do </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y6d ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">saldo exportador:<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 ycd ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">No <span class="blank _0"> </span>nosso <span class="blank _5"> </span>caso, <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>excesso <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>rendimentos, <span class="blank _5"> </span>isto <span class="blank _0"> </span>é, <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>inflação, <span class="blank _0"> </span>pro<span class="blank _0"> </span>vém<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>do<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>dinheiro<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yce ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Banco do Brasil é obrigado a desembolsar (e a emitir) para comprar aos exportador<span class="blank _0"> </span>es as </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 ycf ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">suas <span class="blank _0"> </span>letras d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e expo<span class="blank _0"> </span>rtação <span class="blank _0"> </span>de café, <span class="blank _0"> </span>cacau, <span class="blank _0"> </span>tecidos, <span class="blank _0"> </span>óleos, <span class="blank _0"> </span>etc. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Em épo<span class="blank _0"> </span>ca <span class="blank _0"> </span>normal, o <span class="blank _0"> </span>Banco<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yd0 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">compra <span class="blank _10"> </span>essa<span class="blank _0"> </span>s <span class="blank _10"> </span>letr<span class="blank _0"> </span>as <span class="blank _10"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _15"> </span>exportad<span class="blank _0"> </span>ores <span class="blank _10"> </span>e <span class="blank _15"> </span>as <span class="blank _15"> </span>vende, <span class="blank _15"> </span>quase <span class="blank _15"> </span>ao <span class="blank _15"> </span>mesmo <span class="blank _15"> </span>tempo, <span class="blank _15"> </span>ao<span class="blank _0"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yd1 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">importadores. O dinheiro sai por uma porta e en<span class="blank _1"></span>tra pela outra. <span class="blank _2"></span>Agora não. O dinheiro sai </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yd2 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">para <span class="blank _2"></span>os <span class="blank _2"></span>expo<span class="blank _0"> </span>rtadores <span class="blank _2"></span>e <span class="blank _2"></span>não <span class="blank _1"></span>volta <span class="blank _2"></span>pela <span class="blank _1"></span>mão <span class="blank _2"></span>dos <span class="blank _2"></span>importadores. <span class="blank _2"></span>F<span class="blank _0"> </span>ica <span class="blank _2"></span>em <span class="blank _2"></span>circulação<span class="blank _0"> </span>, <span class="blank _2"></span>saltando<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yd3 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">de galho em<span class="blank _1"></span> galho [\u2026] <span class="ls21">e <span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls5">aumentando os preços em<span class="blank _1"></span> todos os <span class="blank _1"></span>lugares onde pousa (Gudin, </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h1a yb6 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">1944, p.<span class="blank _0"> </span> 9-<span class="ls1 ws14">10)</span><span class="ws15">.</span><span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 yd4 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">A<span class="blank _2"></span> excepcionalidade da guerra impedia as divisas de serem gastas em importações, e a<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yd5 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">forma <span class="blank _5"> </span>como <span class="blank _5"> </span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>conduzia <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>esterilização <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>excedentes <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>comércio <span class="blank _5"> </span>exterior<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>seria <span class="blank _5"> </span>então <span class="blank _5"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yd6 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">das <span class="blank _2"></span>raízes <span class="blank _1"></span>do <span class="blank _2"></span>processo <span class="blank _2"></span>inflacionário. <span class="blank _2"></span>Como <span class="blank _2"></span>aponta <span class="blank _1"></span>Gudin, <span class="blank _2"></span><span class="ls10 ws17">\u201c[<span class="lsb ws18">e]<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ls5 wse">xportar <span class="blank _2"></span>sem <span class="blank _1"></span>importar<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _2"></span>é <span class="blank _1"></span>acumular </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yd7 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">reservas. <span class="blank _2"></span>O <span class="blank _12"></span>mal <span class="blank _2"></span>está <span class="blank _2"></span>em <span class="blank _12"></span>sermos <span class="blank _2"></span>obrigados, <span class="blank _2"></span>para <span class="blank _12"></span>esse <span class="blank _2"></span>fim, <span class="blank _12"></span>a <span class="blank _2"></span>emitir <span class="blank _2"></span>grandes <span class="blank _2"></span>quantid<span class="blank _1"></span>ades <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _2"></span>papel-</div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yd8 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">moeda, <span class="blank _3"> </span>com <span class="blank _7"> </span>ef<span class="blank _0"> </span>eitos <span class="blank _3"> </span>desast<span class="blank _1"></span>rosos <span class="blank _3"> </span>para <span class="blank _3"> </span>nossa <span class="blank _3"> </span>economia<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>interna. <span class="blank _3"> </span>[...] <span class="blank _3"> </span>O <span class="blank _3"> </span>proble<span class="blank _0"> </span>ma <span class="blank _3"> </span>consiste <span class="blank _3"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha yd9 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">absorver as em<span class="blank _1"></span>issões feitas <span class="blank _1"></span>para a exportaçã<span class="blank _1"></span>o\u201d (Gudin, 1944, p. 23).<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 yda ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Bulhões <span class="blank _e"> </span>e <span class="blank _e"> </span>Kingston <span class="blank _e"> </span>(1947), <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank _d"> </span>Kershaw</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x29 h17 y4a ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">13</div></div><div class="t m0 x2a h16 yda ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> <span class="blank _e"> </span>ref<span class="blank _0"> </span>orçaram<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>a <span class="blank _8"> </span>arg<span class="blank _1"></span>umentação <span class="blank _e"> </span>de <span class="blank _e"> </span>Gudin <span class="blank _e"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ydb ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Carvalho, apresent<span class="blank _1"></span>ando dados de uma grande expa<span class="blank _1"></span>nsão da base monetária, en<span class="blank _1"></span>tre 1941 e 1946,<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ydc ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">que <span class="blank _2"></span>teria <span class="blank _2"></span>ocorrido, <span class="blank _2"></span>sobretud<span class="blank _1"></span>o, <span class="blank _2"></span>via <span class="blank _2"></span>em<span class="blank _1"></span>issões <span class="blank _2"></span>feitas <span class="blank _2"></span>para <span class="blank _2"></span>esterilizar <span class="blank _2"></span>os <span class="blank _2"></span>superáv<span class="blank _1"></span>its <span class="blank _2"></span>comerciais. <span class="blank _2"></span>Mas, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ydd ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">ao argum<span class="blank _1"></span>ento básico de Gudin, os autores adicionaram<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>a ideia de que o contexto inflacionário<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yde ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">teria <span class="blank _3"> </span>proporcionado <span class="blank _3"> </span>maior <span class="blank _3"> </span>liberdade <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _3"> </span>que <span class="blank _3"> </span>produtores <span class="blank _3"> </span>aumentassem<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>os <span class="blank _d"> </span>preços <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>venda </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ydf ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">numa <span class="blank _2"></span>velocidade supe<span class="blank _1"></span>rior <span class="blank _2"></span>ao aum<span class="blank _1"></span>ento <span class="blank _2"></span>dos salário<span class="blank _1"></span>s, a<span class="blank _1"></span>um<span class="blank _2"></span>ent<span class="blank _0"> </span>ando su<span class="blank _1"></span>as <span class="blank _2"></span>marg<span class="blank _1"></span>ens de <span class="blank _2"></span>lucro. <span class="blank _1"></span>Estaria </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ye0 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">em <span class="blank _15"> </span>curso <span class="blank _6"> </span>um<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _11"> </span>perverso <span class="blank _15"> </span>mecanismo <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>expansão <span class="blank _11"> </span>monetária, <span class="blank _11"> </span>alavancado <span class="blank _15"> </span>por <span class="blank _11"> </span>superávits </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ye1 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">comerciais, <span class="blank _2"></span>no <span class="blank _2"></span>qual <span class="blank _2"></span>produtores <span class="blank _2"></span>absorviam<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _2"></span>parcela <span class="blank _2"></span>cada <span class="blank _2"></span>vez <span class="blank _2"></span>maior <span class="blank _2"></span>da renda <span class="blank _2"></span>total, <span class="blank _2"></span>em <span class="blank _2"></span>detrimento<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ye2 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">dos <span class="blank _2"></span>trabalhadores, <span class="blank _12"></span>j<span class="blank _0"> </span>á <span class="blank _2"></span>que <span class="blank _2"></span>a <span class="blank _2"></span>autonom<span class="blank _1"></span>ia <span class="blank _2"></span>para <span class="blank _2"></span>reajustar <span class="blank _2"></span>pre<span class="blank _1"></span>ços <span class="blank _2"></span>era <span class="blank _2"></span>significativ<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _2"></span>e <span class="blank _2"></span>escamoteada <span class="blank _2"></span>pela </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha ye3 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">confusão do con<span class="blank _1"></span>texto inflacioná<span class="blank _1"></span>rio (Bulhões; Kings<span class="blank _1"></span>ton, 1947). <span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 ye4 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Como propostas de solução para o problem<span class="blank _2"></span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>da inflação, Gudin (1944, 1945, e 1946), </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ye5 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Carvalho (1947) <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>Bulhões e <span class="blank _5"> </span>Kingston (1947) <span class="blank _0"> </span>propuseram<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>contingenciam<span class="blank _1"></span>ento <span class="blank _0"> </span>das despesas </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ye6 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">públicas, <span class="blank _2"></span>a <span class="blank _12"></span>emissão <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _2"></span>\u201cObrigações <span class="blank _2"></span>Espe<span class="blank _1"></span>ciais<span class="ls10">\u201d <span class="blank _2"></span><span class="ls5">para<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _2"></span>absorção <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _12"></span>di<span class="blank _0"> </span>visas <span class="blank _12"></span>oriundas <span class="blank _2"></span>dos <span class="blank _2"></span>superávi<span class="blank _1"></span>ts </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ye7 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">comerciais, <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>criação <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>um <span class="blank _0"> </span>orçamento <span class="blank _0"> </span>separado <span class="blank _0"> </span>para <span class="blank _0"> </span>as <span class="blank _0"> </span>in<span class="blank _0"> </span>evitáveis <span class="blank _0"> </span>despesas <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>guerra. <span class="blank _1"></span>As </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ye8 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">duas <span class="blank _e"> </span>primeiras <span class="blank _d"> </span>medidas <span class="blank _d"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>ncidir<span class="blank _1"></span>iam <span class="blank _d"> </span>di<span class="blank _0"> </span>retamente<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>nos <span class="blank _d"> </span>aludidos <span class="blank _e"> </span>efeitos <span class="blank _e"> </span>de <span class="blank _e"> </span>expansão <span class="blank _d"> </span>da <span class="blank _e"> </span>base </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 ye9 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">monetária e re<span class="blank _1"></span>duziriam<span class="blank _1"></span> a pressão exerc<span class="blank _1"></span>ida pelo<span class="blank _1"></span> governo sob<span class="blank _1"></span>re a estru<span class="blank _1"></span>tura produ<span class="blank _1"></span>tiva. <span class="blank _2"></span>A<span class="blank _2"></span> terce<span class="blank _1"></span>ira </div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x5 h5 y68 ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div></div><div class="t m0 xc h5 y68 ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y69 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y69 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">13</div></div><div class="t m0 x24 h13 y69 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wsc">)<span class="fs6 ls1 wse v4"> </span><span class="ff4 wse">\u201cDurante os anos de guerra, o excesso de exportação foi treme<span class="blank _1"></span>ndo, pois muitas nações compraram febrilme<span class="blank _1"></span>nte par<span class="blank _1"></span>a </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h11 y5b ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">necessidades de<span class="blank _1"></span> guer<span class="blank _1"></span>ra, mas <span class="blank _1"></span>vendera<span class="blank _1"></span>m re<span class="blank _1"></span>lativamente po<span class="blank _1"></span>uco. Par<span class="blank _1"></span>a os a<span class="blank _1"></span>nos de<span class="blank _1"></span> 1931-40, o e<span class="blank _1"></span>xcesso <span class="blank _1"></span>de ex<span class="blank _1"></span>portação no <span class="blank _1"></span>Brasil a<span class="blank _1"></span>tingiu a </div><div class="t m0 x5 h11 y31 ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">média de 533 milhõe<span class="blank _1"></span>s de cruze<span class="blank _1"></span>iros. Essa média <span class="blank _1"></span>para os anos de g<span class="blank _1"></span>uerra 1941-45 foi cinco ve<span class="blank _1"></span>zes maior e<span class="blank _1"></span> em 1946 ultrapassou os 4 </div><div class="t m0 x5 h11 y32 ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">bilhões de cruze<span class="blank _1"></span>iros. Nisto r<span class="blank _1"></span>eside a ex<span class="blank _1"></span>plicação da gr<span class="blank _1"></span>ande inflaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão no Brasil. <span class="blank _12"></span>As rendas <span class="blank _0"> </span>criadas pelas e<span class="blank _1"></span>xportações <span class="blank _1"></span>não puder<span class="blank _1"></span>am ser </div><div class="t m0 x5 h11 y5c ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">aplicadas na <span class="blank _0"> </span>aquisição de utilidades <span class="blank _0"> </span>e os <span class="blank _0"> </span>créditos em <span class="blank _0"> </span>cruzeiro<span class="blank _1"></span>s <span class="blank _0"> </span>assim obtidos competiram <span class="blank _0"> </span>com outros no <span class="blank _0"> </span>limitado suprimento de<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y34 ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">utilidades, forç<span class="blank _1"></span>ando a alta de <span class="blank _1"></span>preços\u201d (Ke<span class="blank _1"></span>rshaw<span class="blank _2"></span>, 1948, p. 46).<span class="ff3"> </span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x5 yea w4 h14" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/940a94e6-14e4-478c-9615-054236bd8e7f/bg8.png"><div class="t m0 x5 h15 y36 ff1 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">P<span class="blank _1"></span>atrick Fo<span class="blank _1"></span>ntaine </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y37 ffc fs1 fc1 sc0 lsc wsf">504<span class="ff3 ls5 wse"> <span class="blank _c"> </span><span class="ff1">Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v<span class="blank _2"></span>. 29, n. 2 <span class="ls8 ws3">(6</span>9), p. <span class="ls6 ws1">497<span class="ls0">-</span>524<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls5 wse">, maio-agos<span class="blank _1"></span>to <span class="ls6 ws1">202</span><span class="ws0">0.</span><span class="ff3"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y5e ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">medida <span class="blank _3"> </span>sinalizaria <span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>ordenam<span class="blank _1"></span>ento <span class="blank _4"> </span>das <span class="blank _3"> </span>contas <span class="blank _4"> </span>públicas. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Além <span class="blank _4"> </span>disso, <span class="blank _3"> </span>Bulhões <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"> </span>Kingston <span class="blank _3"> </span>se </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y5f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">mostraram <span class="blank _5"> </span>preocupados <span class="blank _5"> </span>com <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>di<span class="blank _0"> </span>recionamento <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>produção <span class="blank _5"> </span>nacional, <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _7"> </span>seguia <span class="blank _5"> </span>praticando </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y61 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">preços elevados, v<span class="blank _1"></span>oltados para o m<span class="blank _1"></span>ercado exte<span class="blank _1"></span>rno, mes<span class="blank _1"></span>mo após a g<span class="blank _1"></span>uerra:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yeb ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">A<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>influência <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank _7"> </span>exportação <span class="blank _5"> </span>não <span class="blank _7"> </span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>faz <span class="blank _5"> </span>sentir <span class="blank _5"> </span>mais <span class="blank _5"> </span>n<span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>expa<span class="blank _0"> </span>nsão <span class="blank _5"> </span>monetária, <span class="blank _5"> </span>po<span class="blank _0"> </span>is, <span class="blank _5"> </span>com <span class="blank _5"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yec ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">aumento <span class="blank _4"> </span>da <span class="blank _d"> </span>importação <span class="blank _d"> </span>já <span class="blank _4"> </span>não <span class="blank _d"> </span>presenciamos <span class="blank _d"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>inconveni<span class="blank _0"> </span>entes <span class="blank _4"> </span>verificados <span class="blank _d"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>ano<span class="blank _0"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yed ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">anteriores. O <span class="blank _1"></span>grande problema da <span class="blank _2"></span>expo<span class="blank _0"> </span>rtação reside, <span class="blank _1"></span>neste mom<span class="blank _1"></span>ento, na <span class="blank _1"></span>manutenção dos </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yee ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">preços <span class="blank _f"> </span>dos <span class="blank _f"> </span>produtos <span class="blank _f"> </span>em <span class="blank _f"> </span>nível <span class="blank _f"> </span>superior <span class="blank _f"> </span>à <span class="blank _f"> </span>capacidade <span class="blank _f"> </span>dos <span class="blank _f"> </span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>nsu<span class="blank _0"> </span>midores <span class="blank _14"> </span>nacio<span class="blank _0"> </span>nais<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h1a yef ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">(Bulhões; Kingsto<span class="blank _0"> </span>n, 1947, p.<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="ls1 ws14">25)</span><span class="ws15">.</span><span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 yf0 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">V<span class="blank _2"></span>isando <span class="blank _17"> </span>reduzir <span class="blank _17"> </span>os <span class="blank _17"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"></span>reços <span class="blank _17"> </span>praticados <span class="blank _17"> </span>pelos <span class="blank _17"> </span>prod<span class="blank _1"></span>utores <span class="blank _17"> </span>naciona<span class="blank _1"></span>is, <span class="blank _17"> </span>os <span class="blank _17"> </span>autores </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yf1 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">propuseram<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>categorização <span class="blank _d"> </span>dos <span class="blank _e"> </span>produtos, <span class="blank _d"> </span>separando <span class="blank _d"> </span>aqueles <span class="blank _e"> </span>tipicamente <span class="blank _d"> </span>voltados <span class="blank _d"> </span>para <span class="blank _e"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yf2 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">mercado <span class="blank _d"> </span>externo <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _d"> </span>os <span class="blank _d"> </span>potencialmente <span class="blank _d"> </span>consumidos <span class="blank _d"> </span>internamente</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x2b h17 yf3 ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">14</div></div><div class="t m0 x2c h16 yf2 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">. <span class="blank _d"> </span>Produtos <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>exportação </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yf4 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">teriam <span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>preços <span class="blank _0"> </span>submetidos <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>monitoramento <span class="blank _0"> </span>e, <span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank _0"> </span>momentos <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>alta, <span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>excedentes <span class="blank _0"> </span>seriam </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yf5 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">absorvidos <span class="blank _3"> </span>por<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>um <span class="blank _3"> </span>fundo <span class="blank _4"> </span>público, <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>compensaria <span class="blank _3"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"> </span>perdas <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>momentos <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>bai<span class="blank _0"> </span>xa. <span class="blank _3"> </span>Os </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yf6 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">produtos <span class="blank _2"></span>de consumo <span class="blank _2"></span>interno te<span class="blank _1"></span>riam <span class="blank _2"></span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"></span>exportação <span class="blank _2"></span>restrita aos<span class="blank _1"></span> ca<span class="blank _1"></span>sos <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>preço<span class="blank _1"></span>s com<span class="blank _2"></span>pat<span class="blank _0"> </span>íveis <span class="blank _2"></span>com </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yf7 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">os <span class="blank _5"> </span>praticados <span class="blank _0"> </span>internamente. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Esses <span class="blank _5"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>ecanismos <span class="blank _5"> </span>funcion<span class="blank _1"></span>ariam <span class="blank _0"> </span>como <span class="blank _5"> </span>um <span class="blank _5"> </span>imposto <span class="blank _5"> </span>regulador <span class="blank _5"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y46 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">preços, <span class="blank _10"> </span>que <span class="blank _15"> </span>absorveria <span class="blank _10"> </span>as <span class="blank _15"> </span>flutuações <span class="blank _10"> </span>geradas <span class="blank _15"> </span>no <span class="blank _10"> </span>mercado <span class="blank _10"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>nternac<span class="blank _1"></span>ional <span class="blank _10"> </span>e <span class="blank _15"> </span>priorizaria <span class="blank _10"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yf8 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">abastecim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento <span class="blank _2"></span>interno <span class="blank _2"></span>independen<span class="blank _1"></span>temente <span class="blank _12"></span>da <span class="blank _2"></span>rentabilidade <span class="blank _2"></span>do <span class="blank _12"></span>comércio <span class="blank _2"></span>exterior<span class="blank _2"></span>. <span class="blank _2"></span>O <span class="blank _12"></span>que <span class="blank _2"></span>se <span class="blank _2"></span>nota, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yf9 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">implícito <span class="blank _4"> </span>na <span class="blank _3"> </span>proposta, <span class="blank _4"> </span>é <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>diagnóstico <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _3"> </span>os <span class="blank _d"> </span>choques <span class="blank _4"> </span>externo<span class="blank _1"></span>s <span class="blank _4"> </span>estavam<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>perturbando <span class="blank _4"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yfa ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">funcionamento <span class="blank _2"></span>do <span class="blank _2"></span>mecanism<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>preços, <span class="blank _2"></span>e <span class="blank _1"></span>que <span class="blank _2"></span>cabia <span class="blank _2"></span>ao <span class="blank _1"></span>Estado <span class="blank _2"></span>proativam<span class="blank _1"></span>ente <span class="blank _2"></span>absorvê-los <span class="blank _1"></span>para </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yfb ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">evitar <span class="blank _1"></span>seus <span class="blank _1"></span>desdo<span class="blank _1"></span>bramentos<span class="blank _1"></span>. <span class="blank _1"></span>Os <span class="blank _1"></span>autores<span class="blank _1"></span> pr<span class="blank _1"></span>opuseram<span class="blank _1"></span> ain<span class="blank _1"></span>da <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>incidênc<span class="blank _1"></span>ia <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _2"></span>um <span class="blank _1"></span>imposto <span class="blank _1"></span>sobre <span class="blank _1"></span>os<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yfc ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">lucros \u201cex<span class="blank _1"></span>traordinár<span class="blank _1"></span>ios<span class="ls10">\u201d </span>da <span class="blank _2"></span>indústria</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x9 h17 yfd ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">15</div></div><div class="t m0 x2d h16 yfc ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">, e <span class="blank _2"></span>o encaminham<span class="blank _1"></span>ento <span class="blank _1"></span>de pes<span class="blank _1"></span>soas <span class="blank _1"></span>desocupad<span class="blank _1"></span>as <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>núcleos </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yfe ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">agrícolas <span class="blank _4"> </span>organiz<span class="blank _1"></span>ados <span class="blank _4"> </span>pelo <span class="blank _4"> </span>Estado <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _4"> </span>evitar <span class="blank _d"> </span>seu <span class="blank _4"> </span>emprego <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>indústrias <span class="blank _4"> </span>ineficien<span class="blank _0"> </span>tes</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x2e h17 yff ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">16</div></div><div class="t m0 x2f h16 yfe ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">. <span class="blank _4"> </span>O </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y100 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">conjunto de medidas propo<span class="blank _1"></span>stas protegeria o m<span class="blank _2"></span>er<span class="blank _0"> </span>cado interno das influências exter<span class="blank _1"></span>nas nocivas, </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y101 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">e permitiria a can<span class="blank _1"></span>alização d<span class="blank _1"></span>os recursos para os s<span class="blank _1"></span>etores <span class="blank _1"></span>desejados:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y102 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Com <span class="blank _7"> </span>essa <span class="blank _7"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>rdem <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>medidas <span class="blank _7"> </span>seria <span class="blank _3"> </span>suprimido <span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>incentivo <span class="blank _7"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>acrésci<span class="blank _0"> </span>mo <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>lucros, <span class="blank _3"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y103 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">função <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _d"> </span>aumento <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>preços; <span class="blank _4"> </span>seria <span class="blank _d"> </span>fomentada <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>pro<span class="blank _0"> </span>dução <span class="blank _4"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>gêneros <span class="blank _4"> </span>alimentícios<span class="blank _0"> </span>; </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y104 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws19">formar-<span class="ls23 ws1a">se</span><span class="wse">-ia <span class="blank"> </span>u<span class="blank _0"> </span>ma <span class="blank"> </span>reser<span class="blank _0"> </span>va, <span class="blank"> </span>embora <span class="blank _14"> </span>um <span class="blank _14"> </span>tanto <span class="blank _14"> </span>tardia, <span class="blank _14"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>as <span class="blank"> </span>rec<span class="blank _0"> </span>eitas <span class="blank"> </span>extrao<span class="blank _0"> </span>rdinárias <span class="blank _14"> </span>na </span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y105 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">exportação, <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>molde <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>proporcionar <span class="blank"> </span>recursos <span class="blank"> </span>para <span class="blank"> </span>minorar <span class="blank"> </span>as <span class="blank"> </span>perdas <span class="blank"> </span>oriundas <span class="blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y24 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">violência <span class="blank _1"></span>das <span class="blank _1"></span>primeiras quedas <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>preços; <span class="blank _1"></span>forçar-<span class="ls23 ws1b">se</span>-ia o <span class="blank _2"></span>declí<span class="blank _0"> </span>nio <span class="blank _2"></span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"></span>preços <span class="blank _1"></span>internamente,<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y106 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">antes <span class="blank _2"></span>de se <span class="blank _2"></span>verificar <span class="blank _2"></span>a baixa, <span class="blank _2"></span>no com<span class="blank _1"></span>ércio <span class="blank _2"></span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>nternacional; <span class="blank _1"></span>manter-<span class="ls23 ws1a">se</span>-ia <span class="blank _1"></span>preparada a <span class="blank _2"></span>política </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y107 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">de <span class="blank _0"> </span>cr<span class="blank _0"> </span>édito <span class="blank _0"> </span>para <span class="blank _5"> </span>regular <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>redução <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>preços, <span class="blank _0"> </span>incluindo<span class="blank _0"> </span>-se <span class="blank _5"> </span>nessa <span class="blank _0"> </span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>olítica <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>suspensão <span class="blank _0"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y108 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">congelamento <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>reservas, <span class="blank _0"> </span>conforme <span class="blank _0"> </span>é <span class="blank _5"> </span>implicitamente <span class="blank _0"> </span>subentendido <span class="blank _0"> </span>na <span class="blank _0"> </span>atua<span class="blank _0"> </span>l <span class="blank _0"> </span>legislação<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h1a y109 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">sobre os lucros extraor<span class="blank _0"> </span>dinários (B<span class="blank _0"> </span>ulhões; Kingston, 19<span class="blank _0"> </span>47, p. <span class="ls1 ws14">28)</span><span class="ws15">.</span><span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x5 h5 y10a ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div></div><div class="t m0 xc h5 y10a ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y8b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y8b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">14</div></div><div class="t m0 x24 h13 y8b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wsc">)<span class="ff7 ls22 wse"> </span><span class="ff4">\u201c</span><span class="wse">No <span class="blank _0"> </span>primeiro [<span class="blank _0"> </span>grupo], <span class="blank _0"> </span>considerar as <span class="blank _5"> </span>merca<span class="blank _1"></span>dorias <span class="blank _0"> </span>caracteristicame<span class="blank _1"></span>nte <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>exportação; <span class="blank _0"> </span>sobre <span class="blank _0"> </span>esses <span class="blank _0"> </span>produtos adotar <span class="blank _0"> </span>a </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y8c ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">arrecadação de parte da <span class="blank _0"> </span>receita de acordo com o a<span class="blank _0"> </span>umento de preços, mormente se o <span class="blank _0"> </span>cruzeiro<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>vier a ser d<span class="blank _0"> </span>epreciado em relação ao<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y8d ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">dólar<span class="blank _2"></span>, <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>constituição<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>um <span class="blank _5"> </span>fundo <span class="blank _5"> </span>destinado <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>subvencionar <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>exportação, <span class="blank _0"> </span>quando <span class="blank _5"> </span>futurame<span class="blank _1"></span>nte <span class="blank _0"> </span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>presenciar <span class="blank _0"> </span>u<span class="blank _0"> </span>ma <span class="blank _0"> </span>redução </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y8e ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">mais <span class="blank _1"></span>acentua<span class="blank _1"></span>da de<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>preços, <span class="blank _2"></span>nos mer<span class="blank _1"></span>cados <span class="blank _2"></span>externos. N<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _1"></span>segundo <span class="blank _2"></span>grupo, co<span class="blank _1"></span>nsiderar <span class="blank _1"></span>as <span class="blank _2"></span>mercadorias <span class="blank _1"></span>nitidamente <span class="blank _2"></span>de c<span class="blank _1"></span>onsumo <span class="blank _2"></span>n<span class="blank _0"> </span>acio<span class="blank _1"></span>nal </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y69 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">e <span class="blank _2"></span>que <span class="blank _2"></span>só <span class="blank _1"></span>passaram <span class="blank _2"></span>a <span class="blank _2"></span>figurar <span class="blank _2"></span>na <span class="blank _1"></span>expor<span class="blank _1"></span>tação <span class="blank _2"></span>por <span class="blank _1"></span>força <span class="blank _2"></span>da <span class="blank _2"></span>guerra; <span class="blank _2"></span>em <span class="blank _2"></span>relação <span class="blank _2"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>esses <span class="blank _2"></span>produtos <span class="blank _2"></span>forçar <span class="blank _2"></span>a <span class="blank _2"></span>bai<span class="blank _0"> </span>xa <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _2"></span>seus <span class="blank _2"></span>preços <span class="blank _2"></span>permitindo-</div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y5b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">se a exportação tão so<span class="blank _1"></span>mente depo<span class="blank _1"></span>is de ve<span class="blank _1"></span>rificar uma red<span class="blank _1"></span>ução de preço<span class="blank _1"></span>s<span class="ff4 ls20">\u201d </span>(Bulhões; Kingston, <span class="blank _1"></span>1947, p. <span class="ls1 ws11">27)</span>.<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y31 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y31 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">15</div></div><div class="t m0 x24 h13 y31 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">) <span class="blank _2"></span>A<span class="blank _2"></span> i<span class="blank _0"> </span>deia de lucros e<span class="blank _1"></span>xtraordinár<span class="blank _1"></span>ios está associa<span class="blank _1"></span>da a um con<span class="blank _1"></span>texto de ausência de conco<span class="blank _1"></span>rrência e proteção ad<span class="blank _1"></span>uaneira. </div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y32 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y32 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">16</div></div><div class="t m0 x24 h13 y32 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls17 wse">) <span class="blank"> </span><span class="ls5">N<span class="blank _1"></span>as <span class="blank _4"> </span>palavras <span class="blank _3"> </span>dos <span class="blank _4"> </span>autores:<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff4 wsc">\u201c<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ff3 wse">Evitar <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>amparo <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>produtore<span class="blank _1"></span>s <span class="blank _4"> </span>marginais <span class="blank _3"> </span>na <span class="blank _4"> </span>indústria, <span class="blank _3"> </span>promovendo <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>Gov<span class="blank _1"></span>erno <span class="blank _3"> </span>o </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y5c ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">encaminhamento <span class="blank _5"> </span>dos <span class="blank _5"> </span>desempregados <span class="blank _5"> </span>aos <span class="blank _7"> </span>núcleos <span class="blank _5"> </span>agrícolas, <span class="blank _5"> </span>ainda <span class="blank _5"> </span>mesmo <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>tais <span class="blank _7"> </span>despesas <span class="blank _5"> </span>tenham <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>ser <span class="blank _7"> </span>feitas <span class="blank _5"> </span>por <span class="blank _7"> </span>meio <span class="blank _5"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y34 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">emissão de pa<span class="blank _1"></span>pel moeda<span class="ff4 ls20">\u201d </span>(Bul<span class="blank _1"></span>hões; Kingsto<span class="blank _1"></span>n, 1947, p. <span class="ls1">28<span class="ls17 ws12">).</span></span> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x5 yb4 w4 h14" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/940a94e6-14e4-478c-9615-054236bd8e7f/bg9.png"><div class="t m0 x10 h15 y36 ff1 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Formação d<span class="blank _1"></span>o pensam<span class="blank _1"></span>ento b<span class="blank _1"></span>rasileir<span class="blank _1"></span>o moder<span class="blank _1"></span>no sobr<span class="blank _1"></span>e a in<span class="blank _1"></span>flação<span class="ls13">: </span>da Seg<span class="blank _1"></span>unda <span class="blank _1"></span>Guerra <span class="blank _1"></span>Mundial à c<span class="blank _1"></span>rise cambial<span class="blank _1"></span> (1939-1<span class="blank _1"></span>947) </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y37 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v<span class="blank _2"></span>. 29, n. 2 <span class="ls8 ws3">(6</span>9), p. <span class="ls6 ws1">497<span class="ls11">-</span>524<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls5 wse">, maio-agos<span class="blank _1"></span>to <span class="ls6 ws1">202</span>0. <span class="blank _13"> </span><span class="ffc lsc">5<span class="wsf">05</span></span><span class="ff3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 y5e ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Num contexto de aceleraç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão inflacioná<span class="blank _1"></span>ria, as propostas de Bulhõe<span class="blank _1"></span>s e Kingston (1947) </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y5f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">tiveram <span class="blank _5"> </span>caráter <span class="blank _5"> </span>pouco <span class="blank _7"> </span>ortodoxo, <span class="blank _5"> </span>propugnando <span class="blank _5"> </span>elevado <span class="blank _5"> </span>grau <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>intervenção <span class="blank _5"> </span>sobre <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>estrutura </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y61 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">produtiva. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Os <span class="blank _7"> </span>autores <span class="blank _5"> </span>entendiam <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _7"> </span>um <span class="blank _5"> </span>pac<span class="blank _0"> </span>ote <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>medidas <span class="blank _7"> </span>exclusivam<span class="blank _1"></span>ente <span class="blank _7"> </span>monetárias <span class="blank _5"> </span>não </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y6c ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">seria <span class="blank _0"> </span>suficiente para <span class="blank _0"> </span>conter <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>evolução <span class="blank _0"> </span>dos <span class="blank _0"> </span>preços, num <span class="blank _0"> </span>contexto <span class="blank _0"> </span>tão <span class="blank _0"> </span>particular quanto <span class="blank _0"> </span>aquele </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y6d ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">que <span class="blank _d"> </span>enfrentavam<span class="blank _1"></span>, <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _d"> </span>que <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>depressão <span class="blank _d"> </span>era <span class="blank _4"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>ndesejáv<span class="blank _1"></span>el <span class="blank _4"> </span>qualquer <span class="blank _d"> </span>que <span class="blank _d"> </span>fosse <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _d"> </span>cenário: <span class="blank _d"> </span>\u201c<span class="blank _0"> </span>Essas </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y6e ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">sugestões <span class="blank _7"> </span>apresentam, <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>nosso <span class="blank _3"> </span>ver<span class="blank _2"></span>, <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>vantagem <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>c<span class="blank _0"> </span>onstituírem<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>um <span class="blank _7"> </span>conj<span class="blank _0"> </span>unto <span class="blank _3"> </span>harm<span class="blank _1"></span>ônico <span class="blank _3"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y6f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">medidas m<span class="blank _2"></span>onet<span class="blank _0"> </span>árias e <span class="blank _1"></span>amonetárias <span class="blank _1"></span>como <span class="blank _1"></span>program<span class="blank _1"></span>a de com<span class="blank _2"></span>bat<span class="blank _0"> </span>e à <span class="blank _1"></span>inflação e <span class="blank _1"></span>de caut<span class="blank _1"></span>ela contra <span class="blank _1"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y71 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws10">depressão\u201d<span class="ff6 wse"> <span class="ff4">(Bulhõ<span class="blank _1"></span>es; Kingston, 19<span class="blank _1"></span>47 p. 29).<span class="ff3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 y40 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">De <span class="blank _5"> </span>maneira <span class="blank _5"> </span>geral, <span class="blank _7"> </span>as <span class="blank _7"> </span>propo<span class="blank _1"></span>stas <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _7"> </span>Gudin, <span class="blank _5"> </span>Carvalho <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>Bulhões <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>Kingston, <span class="blank _5"> </span>f<span class="blank _0"> </span>or<span class="blank _1"></span>am </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y41 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">representadas <span class="blank _1"></span>nos <span class="blank _12"></span>Anais <span class="blank _1"></span>do <span class="blank _2"></span>I Prim<span class="blank _1"></span>eiro Cong<span class="blank _1"></span>resso <span class="blank _1"></span>Brasil<span class="blank _1"></span>eiro <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>Econom<span class="blank _1"></span>ia, de <span class="blank _2"></span>1943</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x30 h17 y10b ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">17</div></div><div class="t m0 x31 h16 y41 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">, rea<span class="blank _1"></span>lizado </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y62 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">no <span class="blank _0"> </span>Rio <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>Ja<span class="blank _0"> </span>neiro, <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>abarcou <span class="blank _0"> </span>as <span class="blank _0"> </span>mais <span class="blank _0"> </span>variadas <span class="blank _0"> </span>vertentes <span class="blank _0"> </span>ideológicas. <span class="blank _0"> </span>No <span class="blank _0"> </span>entanto, <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>posição </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y63 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">de <span class="blank _2"></span>Bulhões <span class="blank _12"></span>e <span class="blank _2"></span>Kingston, <span class="blank _2"></span>isol<span class="blank _1"></span>adamente, <span class="blank _12"></span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>alvez<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _12"></span>deva <span class="blank _2"></span>ser <span class="blank _2"></span>entendida <span class="blank _2"></span>com<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _2"></span>interm<span class="blank _1"></span>ediária <span class="blank _12"></span>no <span class="blank _2"></span>espectro </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y64 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">entre <span class="blank _5"> </span>interv<span class="blank _1"></span>encionismo <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>liberalism<span class="blank _2"></span>o, <span class="blank _5"> </span>enquanto <span class="blank _5"> </span>Gudin <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>Carvalho <span class="blank _0"> </span>representam <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>liberalismo. </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y76 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Intervencionista<span class="blank _1"></span>s <span class="blank _14"> </span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>ambém<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _f"> </span>tiveram <span class="blank _f"> </span>espaço <span class="blank"> </span>no <span class="blank _f"> </span>Congresso, <span class="blank _14"> </span>e <span class="blank _10"> </span>Roberto <span class="blank"> </span>Simonsen <span class="blank _14"> </span>exercia <span class="blank _f"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y77 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">contraponto a Gud<span class="blank _1"></span>in e Carv<span class="blank _1"></span>alho. <span class="blank _2"></span>A<span class="blank _2"></span> força da <span class="blank _1"></span>arg<span class="blank _1"></span>um<span class="blank _1"></span>entação do autor<span class="blank _2"></span>, bem com<span class="blank _2"></span>o da maioria dos </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y10c ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">autores <span class="blank _f"> </span>que <span class="blank _f"> </span>se <span class="blank"> </span>opunham <span class="blank _f"> </span>à <span class="blank _f"> </span>ideia <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>vocação <span class="blank"> </span>agrária, <span class="blank _f"> </span>estava <span class="blank _f"> </span>na <span class="blank _f"> </span>defesa <span class="blank _14"> </span>do <span class="blank _10"> </span>potencial <span class="blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y10d ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">desenvolvim<span class="blank _1"></span>ento portado pela indú<span class="blank _1"></span>stria, algo que<span class="blank _1"></span> defendia desd<span class="blank _1"></span>e os anos 1930:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y10e ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Inventaram, <span class="blank _3"> </span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>ara <span class="blank _4"> </span>uso <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>Brasil, <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>termo <span class="blank _d"> </span>\u201cindústria <span class="blank _3"> </span>arti<span class="blank _0"> </span>ficial<span class="ls21">\u201d <span class="blank _4"> </span></span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>passou <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>ser <span class="blank _4"> </span>rifão </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y10f ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">nacional. <span class="blank _7"> </span>Em <span class="blank _3"> </span>tese <span class="blank _3"> </span>geral, <span class="blank _7"> </span>num <span class="blank _3"> </span>país <span class="blank _7"> </span>po<span class="blank _0"> </span>puloso <span class="blank _7"> </span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>mo <span class="blank _7"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>Brasil<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _7"> </span>e <span class="blank _7"> </span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _7"> </span>os <span class="blank _3"> </span>nossos <span class="blank _7"> </span>recurso<span class="blank _0"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y110 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">naturais, <span class="blank _3"> </span>não <span class="blank _7"> </span>existem <span class="blank _3"> </span>\u201cindúst<span class="blank _0"> </span>rias <span class="blank _7"> </span>artificiais\u201d. <span class="blank _3"> </span>Natural<span class="blank _0"> </span>mente, <span class="blank _7"> </span>existe<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _7"> </span>em <span class="blank _3"> </span>alguns <span class="blank _7"> </span>paíse<span class="blank _0"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y111 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">industrias <span class="blank _0"> </span>muito <span class="blank _0"> </span>esp<span class="blank _0"> </span>ecializadas <span class="blank _0"> </span>cuja <span class="blank _0"> </span>lo<span class="blank _0"> </span>cação <span class="blank _0"> </span>mais <span class="blank _0"> </span>favorável,<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>prática <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>tradição <span class="blank _0"> </span>já <span class="blank _0"> </span>se<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y112 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">estabeleceram <span class="blank _6"> </span>e <span class="blank _11"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>seleção <span class="blank _6"> </span>das <span class="blank _11"> </span>invençõ<span class="blank _0"> </span>es <span class="blank _11"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"> </span>dos <span class="blank _6"> </span>aparelhamentos <span class="blank _6"> </span>técnicos <span class="blank _6"> </span>já <span class="blank _11"> </span>se<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y113 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">consagraram. <span class="blank _6"> </span>Os <span class="blank _6"> </span>Estados <span class="blank _6"> </span>Unidos <span class="blank _6"> </span>favorece<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _11"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>ndústria <span class="blank _6"> </span>da <span class="blank _6"> </span>torrefação <span class="blank _6"> </span>do <span class="blank _6"> </span>café </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y66 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">dificultando <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>importação <span class="blank _7"> </span>do <span class="blank _7"> </span>café <span class="blank _7"> </span>em <span class="blank _7"> </span>pó; <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>I<span class="blank _0"> </span>nglaterra <span class="blank _5"> </span>favo<span class="blank _0"> </span>rece <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>efinação <span class="blank _5"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>açúcar<span class="blank _1"></span>, </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y114 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">haverá <span class="blank _f"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>ndústrias <span class="blank _10"> </span>mais <span class="blank _f"> </span>artificiais <span class="blank _10"> </span>para <span class="blank _10"> </span>aquelas <span class="blank _10"> </span>adiantadas <span class="blank _10"> </span>nações <span class="blank _10"> </span>do <span class="blank _10"> </span>que <span class="blank _f"> </span>essas <span class="blank _10"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y115 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">prevalecer o critério <span class="blank _2"></span>brasileiro?<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _12"></span>A<span class="blank _2"></span> Inglaterra,<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"></span>a Itália <span class="blank _2"></span>e mesmo a <span class="blank _12"></span>Aleman<span class="blank _0"> </span>ha <span class="blank _1"></span>não im<span class="blank _1"></span>porta<span class="blank _0"> </span>m </div><div class="t m0 x1b h1a y116 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">enorme quantidade de matérias-pri<span class="blank _0"> </span>mas para as <span class="blank _1"></span>suas indústrias?<span class="blank _0"> </span> (Sim<span class="blank _1"></span>onsen, 1930<span class="blank _0"> </span>, p. <span class="ls1 ws14">42)</span><span class="ws15">.</span><span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 y117 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Simonsen ar<span class="blank _2"></span>gumentava, <span class="blank _1"></span>com<span class="blank _1"></span> base em<span class="blank _2"></span> List e <span class="blank _2"></span>Ma<span class="blank _0"> </span>noilesc<span class="blank _1"></span>u, que <span class="blank _1"></span>seria <span class="blank _2"></span>necessário pro<span class="blank _1"></span>teger </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y118 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">a in<span class="blank _1"></span>dústria <span class="blank _1"></span>nasc<span class="blank _1"></span>ente <span class="blank _1"></span>até <span class="blank _2"></span>que <span class="blank _1"></span>ganhasse <span class="blank _2"></span>esca<span class="blank _0"> </span>la <span class="blank _1"></span>e <span class="blank _2"></span>projeção <span class="blank _2"></span>global, afim<span class="blank _2"></span> de des<span class="blank _1"></span>envolver<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>o po<span class="blank _2"></span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>encial </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y119 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">manufatureiro <span class="blank _17"> </span>brasileiro, <span class="blank _17"> </span>e <span class="blank _17"> </span>compilou <span class="blank _17"> </span>os <span class="blank _18"> </span>\u201cfundamentos <span class="blank _17"> </span>científico<span class="blank _1"></span>s <span class="blank _17"> </span>do <span class="blank _18"> </span>pro<span class="blank _1"></span>tecionism<span class="blank _1"></span>o\u201d </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y11a ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">(Simonsen, <span class="blank _e"> </span>1934, <span class="blank _e"> </span>p. <span class="blank _8"> </span>45). <span class="blank _e"> </span>Dentre <span class="blank _e"> </span>os <span class="blank _e"> </span>princípios, <span class="blank _e"> </span>estava <span class="blank _e"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>deia <span class="blank _e"> </span>de <span class="blank _e"> </span>que <span class="blank _8"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>dissem<span class="blank _1"></span>inação <span class="blank _8"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y11b ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">progresso <span class="blank _4"> </span>técnico <span class="blank _d"> </span>se <span class="blank _d"> </span>daria <span class="blank _4"> </span>com <span class="blank _e"> </span>maior <span class="blank _d"> </span>facilidade <span class="blank _4"> </span>nos <span class="blank _d"> </span>setores <span class="blank _d"> </span>industriais, <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _d"> </span>que <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>indústria </div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x5 h5 ycc ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div></div><div class="t m0 xc h5 ycc ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y8d ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y8d ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">17</div></div><div class="t m0 x24 h13 y8d ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wsc">)<span class="fs6 ls3 wse v4"> </span><span class="wse">Algumas <span class="blank _3"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>entre<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"> </span>medidas<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>propostas: <span class="blank _4"> </span><span class="ff4 wsc">\u201c</span>O <span class="blank _4"> </span>I<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Congresso<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Brasileiro <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>Economia, <span class="blank _3"> </span>reconhecendo <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>indiscutível<span class="blank _2"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y8e ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">existência de inflação no <span class="blank _0"> </span>Brasil, recome<span class="blank _1"></span>nda: a <span class="blank _0"> </span>redução dos encargos, mediante restrição de <span class="blank _0"> </span>despesas adiáveis, na União, Estados </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y69 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">e Municípios; <span class="blank _2"></span>q<span class="blank _0"> </span>ue, <span class="blank _1"></span>como me<span class="blank _1"></span>dida com<span class="blank _1"></span>plementar de<span class="blank _1"></span> combate <span class="blank _1"></span>à inflaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão, seja<span class="blank _1"></span>m as despe<span class="blank _1"></span>sas p<span class="blank _1"></span>úblicas orie<span class="blank _1"></span>ntadas no <span class="blank _1"></span>sentido <span class="blank _1"></span>da maior<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y5b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">utilidade <span class="blank _1"></span>total <span class="blank _1"></span>para o <span class="blank _1"></span>País<span class="blank _1"></span>; que <span class="blank _2"></span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span>s <span class="blank _1"></span>despesas <span class="blank _1"></span>de guer<span class="blank _1"></span>ra sej<span class="blank _1"></span>am o<span class="blank _1"></span>bjeto de um <span class="blank _1"></span>orç<span class="blank _1"></span>amento espe<span class="blank _1"></span>cial, <span class="blank _1"></span>cujos re<span class="blank _1"></span>cursos <span class="blank _1"></span>extraordi<span class="blank _1"></span>nários se<span class="blank _1"></span>jam </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y31 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">providos <span class="blank _1"></span>notadamente <span class="blank _1"></span>pela e<span class="blank _1"></span>missão <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>Obrigações <span class="blank _1"></span>de G<span class="blank _1"></span>uerra e<span class="blank _1"></span> pelo<span class="blank _1"></span> aumento <span class="blank _1"></span>temporário <span class="blank _2"></span>de impostos; q<span class="blank _1"></span>ue a e<span class="blank _1"></span>xpor<span class="blank _1"></span>tação de <span class="blank _2"></span>arti<span class="blank _0"> </span>gos<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y32 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">de <span class="blank _2"></span>primeira <span class="blank _2"></span>necessidade <span class="blank _2"></span>seja <span class="blank _2"></span>condicionada<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _2"></span>ao <span class="blank _2"></span>imp<span class="blank _0"> </span>rescin<span class="blank _1"></span>dível <span class="blank _2"></span>suprimento <span class="blank _2"></span>do <span class="blank _2"></span>mercado <span class="blank _1"></span>inte<span class="blank _1"></span>rno; <span class="blank _2"></span>que <span class="blank _2"></span>sejam <span class="blank _2"></span>criados <span class="blank _2"></span>tipos <span class="blank _2"></span>padronizados </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y5c ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">de ar<span class="blank _1"></span>tigos <span class="blank _2"></span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"></span>consumo <span class="blank _2"></span>popular<span class="blank _2"></span>,<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _2"></span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>reços <span class="blank _2"></span>ac<span class="blank _0"> </span>essíve<span class="blank _1"></span>is à<span class="blank _1"></span>s cl<span class="blank _1"></span>asses <span class="blank _1"></span>menos <span class="blank _2"></span>favorecidas<span class="ff4 wsc">\u201d</span> (A<span class="blank _1"></span>nais <span class="blank _1"></span>do I<span class="blank _2"></span> Congre<span class="blank _1"></span>sso Brasile<span class="blank _1"></span>iro <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>Economia, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y34 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">1944, <span class="ls1 ws11">p.</span> 16<span class="blank _1"></span>4). </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x5 y11c w4 h14" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/940a94e6-14e4-478c-9615-054236bd8e7f/bga.png"><div class="t m0 x5 h15 y36 ff1 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">P<span class="blank _1"></span>atrick Fo<span class="blank _1"></span>ntaine </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y37 ffc fs1 fc1 sc0 lsc wsf">506<span class="ff3 ls5 wse"> <span class="blank _c"> </span><span class="ff1">Economia e Sociedad<span class="blank _1"></span>e, Campinas<span class="blank _1"></span>, v<span class="blank _2"></span>. 29, n. 2 <span class="ls8 ws3">(6</span>9), p. <span class="ls6 ws1">497<span class="ls0">-</span>524<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls5 wse">, maio-agos<span class="blank _1"></span>to <span class="ls6 ws1">202</span><span class="ws0">0.</span><span class="ff3"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y5e ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">tenderia <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank _f"> </span>ter<span class="blank _2"></span>, <span class="blank _f"> </span>em <span class="blank"> </span>países <span class="blank"> </span>at<span class="blank _0"> </span>rasados, <span class="blank"> </span>produtivid<span class="blank _1"></span>ade <span class="blank"> </span>muito <span class="blank _14"> </span>si<span class="blank _0"> </span>milar <span class="blank"> </span>à <span class="blank _14"> </span>verificada <span class="blank"> </span>em <span class="blank"> </span>paíse<span class="blank _0"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y5f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws10">desenvolvidos</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x32 h17 y60 ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">18</div></div><div class="t m0 x19 ha y5f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">, o que perm<span class="blank _1"></span>itiria um<span class="blank _1"></span>a interação compet<span class="blank _1"></span>itiva no m<span class="blank _1"></span>ercado global. <span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 y3a ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">No <span class="blank _e"> </span>que <span class="blank"> </span>concerne <span class="blank _8"> </span>mais <span class="blank _e"> </span>especificamente <span class="blank"> </span>à <span class="blank _e"> </span>inflação, <span class="blank _e"> </span>Simonsen <span class="blank"> </span>refutava <span class="blank _e"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>idei<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y3b ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">industrialização <span class="blank"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>nflac<span class="blank _1"></span>ionária, <span class="blank _f"> </span>apoiando-se <span class="blank _f"> </span>no <span class="blank _10"> </span>ar<span class="blank _1"></span>gum<span class="blank _1"></span>ento <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _10"> </span>aumento <span class="blank _f"> </span>da <span class="blank _f"> </span>produtividade</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x33 h17 y11d ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">19</div></div><div class="t m0 xa h16 y3b ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y3c ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">(Simonsen, 1931). Ent<span class="blank _1"></span>endia a moeda com<span class="blank _2"></span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span> veículo das transações</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x2b h17 y11e ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">20</div></div><div class="t m0 x2c h16 y3c ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">, que deveria acom<span class="blank _2"></span>panha<span class="blank _0"> </span>r<span class="blank _2"></span>, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y3d ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">em <span class="blank"> </span>volume, <span class="blank _f"> </span>a <span class="blank _f"> </span>expansão <span class="blank"> </span>da <span class="blank _10"> </span>produção, <span class="blank _14"> </span>duvidando <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>seu <span class="blank _f"> </span>potencial <span class="blank"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>nflacion<span class="blank _1"></span>ário <span class="blank _f"> </span><span class="ff6">per <span class="blank _f"> </span>se.</span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y3e ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Reputava, <span class="blank _5"> </span>aliás, <span class="blank _5"> </span>à <span class="blank _7"> </span>\u201cbaixa <span class="blank _7"> </span>elasticid<span class="blank _1"></span>ade <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _7"> </span>meio <span class="blank _5"> </span>circulante</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x34 h17 y11f ff3 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls5">21</div></div><div class="t m0 x35 h16 y3e ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">\u201d <span class="blank _5"> </span>um <span class="blank _7"> </span>dos <span class="blank _5"> </span>principais <span class="blank _7"> </span>problem<span class="blank _1"></span>as <span class="blank _5"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 y3f ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">economia <span class="blank _d"> </span>brasileira. <span class="blank _3"> </span>A<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _d"> </span>expansão <span class="blank _d"> </span>monetária <span class="blank _d"> </span>tardaria <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>reagir <span class="blank _e"> </span>ao <span class="blank _d"> </span>crescimento <span class="blank _d"> </span>da <span class="blank _e"> </span>produção, </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y40 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">prejudicando o c<span class="blank _1"></span>rescimento econôm<span class="blank _1"></span>ico:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y120 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">A<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>causa <span class="blank"> </span>fundamental <span class="blank _d"> </span>dos <span class="blank"> </span>entraves <span class="blank _e"> </span>ao <span class="blank _e"> </span>nosso <span class="blank"> </span>desenvolvimento <span class="blank"> </span>econômico <span class="blank _d"> </span>resid<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _d"> </span>no<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y121 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">defeito <span class="blank _1"></span>congênito <span class="blank _1"></span>do <span class="blank _1"></span>nosso m<span class="blank _1"></span>eio circulan<span class="blank _1"></span>te <span class="blank _1"></span>e n<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>insuficiência do <span class="blank _2"></span>nosso aparelhamento <span class="blank _2"></span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y122 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">crédito, <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>além <span class="blank _0"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>não <span class="blank _0"> </span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span>mparar <span class="blank _5"> </span>nossa <span class="blank _5"> </span>produção, <span class="blank _5"> </span>nos <span class="blank _5"> </span>deixa <span class="blank _5"> </span>ainda <span class="blank _5"> </span>indefesos <span class="blank _5"> </span>co<span class="blank _0"> </span>ntra <span class="blank _5"> </span>as<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h1a y123 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">repercussões das crises e<span class="blank _0"> </span>xternas (Si<span class="blank _0"> </span>monsen, 1930, p.<span class="blank _0"> </span> 41).<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h16 yd5 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">Quanto à <span class="blank _0"> </span>inflação no <span class="blank _0"> </span>perío<span class="blank _1"></span>do de <span class="blank _0"> </span>guerra, as <span class="blank _0"> </span>razões estariam associadas às <span class="blank _0"> </span>dificuldades </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yd6 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">enfrentadas pela situação <span class="blank _0"> </span>de exceção, que <span class="blank _0"> </span>encarecia as importações, mas também a <span class="blank _0"> </span>uma certa </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yd7 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">estagnação <span class="blank _1"></span>do <span class="blank _2"></span>setor ag<span class="blank _1"></span>ropecuário, <span class="blank _1"></span>que <span class="blank _2"></span>não <span class="blank _1"></span>teria <span class="blank _1"></span>se <span class="blank _2"></span>expandido o <span class="blank _2"></span>suficiente <span class="blank _1"></span>ao <span class="blank _1"></span>long<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _1"></span>do co<span class="blank _1"></span>nflito,<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yd8 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">ao <span class="blank _15"> </span>passo <span class="blank _10"> </span>que <span class="blank _10"> </span>a <span class="blank _15"> </span>população <span class="blank _10"> </span>seguia <span class="blank _10"> </span>crescendo. <span class="blank _15"> </span>Concordou <span class="blank _f"> </span>com <span class="blank _15"> </span>Gudin <span class="blank _15"> </span>ao <span class="blank _10"> </span>afirmar <span class="blank _10"> </span>ser <span class="blank _15"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x5 h16 yd9 ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">transferência <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _2"></span>mão <span class="blank _1"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>obra <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>setores <span class="blank _2"></span>voltados <span class="blank _2"></span>ao <span class="blank _1"></span>mercado <span class="blank _2"></span>interno <span class="blank _2"></span>para s<span class="blank _1"></span>etores <span class="blank _2"></span>exportadores<span class="ls24">, </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 ha yfb ff4 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">uma das causas do <span class="blank _1"></span>aumento<span class="blank _1"></span> de preços:<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y7e ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">É <span class="blank _d"> </span>impressionante <span class="blank _d"> </span>(...) <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>estagnação <span class="blank _d"> </span>q<span class="blank _0"> </span>ue <span class="blank _4"> </span>se <span class="blank _d"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>bserva <span class="blank _d"> </span>em <span class="blank _d"> </span>muitas <span class="blank _d"> </span>ati<span class="blank _0"> </span>vidades <span class="blank _d"> </span>primárias,<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y7f ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">principalmente <span class="blank _0"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _0"> </span>relação <span class="blank _0"> </span>à <span class="blank _0"> </span>agricultura <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>alimentação.<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>Os <span class="blank _0"> </span>artigos <span class="blank _0"> </span>ali<span class="blank _0"> </span>mentícios <span class="blank _0"> </span>há <span class="blank _0"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>ez </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y124 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">anos <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"></span>antém <span class="blank _0"> </span>nu<span class="blank _0"> </span>ma <span class="blank _0"> </span>produção <span class="blank _0"> </span>to<span class="blank _0"> </span>tal <span class="blank _0"> </span>em tor<span class="blank _0"> </span>no <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>18,5 <span class="blank _0"> </span>milhões <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>toneladas. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Com </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y125 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">o <span class="blank _f"> </span>aumento <span class="blank _f"> </span>da <span class="blank _10"> </span>população, <span class="blank _f"> </span>com <span class="blank _f"> </span>as <span class="blank _f"> </span>expor<span class="blank _0"> </span>tações <span class="blank _f"> </span>realizadas <span class="blank _10"> </span>com <span class="blank _f"> </span>as <span class="blank _f"> </span>dificuldades <span class="blank _10"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 y126 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">transportes, <span class="blank _11"> </span>ho<span class="blank _0"> </span>uve, <span class="blank _15"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _11"> </span>fato,<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _11"> </span>uma <span class="blank _11"> </span>apr<span class="blank _0"> </span>eciável <span class="blank _11"> </span>diminuição<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _11"> </span>na <span class="blank _11"> </span>produção<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _11"> </span>virtual <span class="blank _11"> </span>da<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yc4 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">alimentação, <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>explica, <span class="blank _5"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>parte, <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>car<span class="blank _0"> </span>estia <span class="blank _5"> </span>com <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>defrontam<span class="blank _0"> </span>os, <span class="blank _7"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>relação <span class="blank _5"> </span>aos<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yc5 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">gêneros alimentícios. <span class="blank _2"></span>As in<span class="blank _1"></span>dústrias extrativas de materiais <span class="blank _1"></span>estratégicos e <span class="blank _1"></span>a agricultura de </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yc6 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">produtos ricos, tais co<span class="blank _0"> </span>mo o algodão, menta, seda <span class="blank _0"> </span>natural, atraíra<span class="blank _0"> </span>m os braços disponíveis<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yc7 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">da <span class="blank _0"> </span>lavoura, <span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank _0"> </span>prej<span class="blank _0"> </span>uízo <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _0"> </span>produção <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>artigos <span class="blank _0"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>primei<span class="blank _0"> </span>ra <span class="blank _0"> </span>necessidade. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Contribuíra<span class="blank _0"> </span>m, </div><div class="t m0 x1b h19 yc8 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">ainda, <span class="blank _14"> </span>para <span class="blank _14"> </span>desestimular <span class="blank _14"> </span>esse <span class="blank _14"> </span>ramo <span class="blank _14"> </span>da <span class="blank _14"> </span>agricultura, <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank _14"> </span>ca<span class="blank _0"> </span>rência <span class="blank _8"> </span>d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _14"> </span>transportes <span class="blank _14"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>o<span class="blank _0"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x1b h1a yc9 ff4 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">tabelamentos (Si<span class="blank _0"> </span>monsen, 1945, p<span class="blank _0"> </span>. <span class="ls1 ws14">91)</span><span class="ws15">.</span><span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x5 h5 y127 ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div></div><div class="t m0 xc h5 y127 ff3 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y88 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y88 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">18</div></div><div class="t m0 x24 h13 y88 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wsc">)<span class="ff7 wse"> <span class="blank _2"></span><span class="ff4 wsc">\u201c<span class="ff3 wse">Quant<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"></span>mais atr<span class="blank _1"></span>asado <span class="blank _2"></span>é <span class="blank _1"></span>um <span class="blank _1"></span>país, <span class="blank _1"></span>me<span class="blank _1"></span>nor <span class="blank _2"></span>é a <span class="blank _2"></span>produti<span class="blank _0"> </span>vidade <span class="blank _2"></span>das cl<span class="blank _1"></span>asses <span class="blank _2"></span>agrícolas <span class="blank _2"></span>em comparaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão <span class="blank _1"></span>com <span class="blank _2"></span>a prod<span class="blank _1"></span>utividade<span class="blank _1"></span> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y89 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">dos pa<span class="blank _1"></span>íses <span class="blank _1"></span>industriais; <span class="blank _1"></span>no <span class="blank _1"></span>entanto, <span class="blank _2"></span>nesses <span class="blank _1"></span>mesmos <span class="blank _2"></span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>aíses <span class="blank _1"></span>atrasados <span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>produtiv<span class="blank _1"></span>idade i<span class="blank _1"></span>ndustrial <span class="blank _1"></span>em <span class="blank _2"></span>relação aos <span class="blank _2"></span>paí<span class="blank _0"> </span>ses <span class="blank _1"></span>adiantados não </div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y8a ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">oferece<span class="blank _1"></span> tão grandes condições <span class="blank _1"></span>de infer<span class="blank _1"></span>ioridade<span class="ff4 lse">\u201d</span> (Simonsen, 1<span class="blank _1"></span>931, p. 47). </div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y8b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y8b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">19</div></div><div class="t m0 x24 h13 y8b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wsc">)<span class="ff7 ls4 wse"> <span class="ff4 lse">\u201c</span></span><span class="wse">A<span class="blank _2"></span> ignorância dos nossos probl<span class="blank _1"></span>emas técnicos faz com q<span class="blank _1"></span>ue muitos de nosso<span class="blank _1"></span>s patrícios se orientem para a de<span class="blank _1"></span>struição<span class="blank _1"></span>, </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y8c ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">ao invés <span class="blank _0"> </span>de para <span class="blank _0"> </span>um trabalho c<span class="blank _0"> </span>onstrutivo<span class="blank _1"></span> e <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>amparo à <span class="blank _0"> </span>nossa produção. Um <span class="blank _0"> </span>dos <span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff4 wsc">\u2018</span>leit <span class="blank _0"> </span>motivs<span class="ff4 wsc">\u2019<span class="blank _2"></span><span class="ff3 wse"> prediletos contra <span class="blank _0"> </span>a indústria <span class="blank _0"> </span>é que </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y8d ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">ela v<span class="blank _1"></span>em traz<span class="blank _1"></span>endo um <span class="blank _1"></span>encare<span class="blank _1"></span>cimento <span class="blank _1"></span>prog<span class="blank _1"></span>ressivo da<span class="blank _1"></span> vida <span class="blank _1"></span>pelo <span class="blank _1"></span>reg<span class="blank _1"></span>ime de <span class="blank _1"></span>protecionismo<span class="blank _1"></span> em <span class="blank _1"></span>que <span class="blank _1"></span>vivemos<span class="ff4 lse">\u201d</span><span class="ff7"> </span>(S<span class="blank _1"></span>imonsen, <span class="blank _1"></span>1931,<span class="fc5"> <span class="blank _1"></span><span class="fc1 ls1 ws11">p.<span class="ls5 wse"> <span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ls18 ws13">50<span class="ls5 wse">). </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y8e ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y8e ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">20</div></div><div class="t m0 x24 h13 y8e ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wsc">)<span class="ff7 wse"> </span><span class="ff4">\u201c<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ff3 wse">Seria <span class="blank _1"></span>incapaz <span class="blank _2"></span>de confu<span class="blank _1"></span>ndir <span class="blank _1"></span>poder <span class="blank _2"></span>econômico co<span class="blank _1"></span>m mo<span class="blank _1"></span>eda. <span class="blank _2"></span>A<span class="blank _2"></span> mo<span class="blank _1"></span>eda é<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _1"></span>apenas <span class="blank _2"></span>um veículo<span class="blank _1"></span> d<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>circulação <span class="blank _2"></span>das rique<span class="blank _1"></span>zas<span class="ff4 ls1f">\u201d </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y69 ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">(Simonsen, 1934,<span class="fc5 ls4"> </span><span class="ls18 ws1c">p.</span> <span class="ls1">37</span>)<span class="blank _2"></span>. </div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y5b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5">(</div><div class="c xb y2e w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x7 h13 y5b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1">21</div></div><div class="t m0 x24 h13 y5b ff3 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls17 wse">) <span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff4 ls5">\u201cA<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>unanimidade<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>dos <span class="blank _0"> </span>autores <span class="blank _0"> </span>modernos <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>dos <span class="blank _0"> </span>peritos <span class="blank _0"> </span>financeiros, <span class="blank _0"> </span>atribui<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>à <span class="blank _5"> </span>el<span class="blank _1"></span>asticidade <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _0"> </span>moeda <span class="blank _0"> </span>quase t<span class="blank _0"> </span>ão <span class="blank _0"> </span>grande<span class="blank _1"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h11 y31 ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">importância <span class="blank _7"> </span>como <span class="blank _7"> </span>à <span class="blank _7"> </span>sua <span class="blank _7"> </span>estabilidade. <span class="blank _7"> </span>(\u2026) <span class="blank _7"> </span>Sabemos <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _7"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>moeda <span class="blank _7"> </span>inglesa <span class="blank _5"> </span>é <span class="blank _7"> </span>rígid<span class="blank _0"> </span>a; <span class="blank _7"> </span>mas <span class="blank _7"> </span>além <span class="blank _7"> </span>da <span class="blank _3"> </span>I<span class="blank _1"></span>nglaterra <span class="blank _5"> </span>est<span class="blank _0"> </span>ar <span class="blank _7"> </span>em <span class="blank _7"> </span>situação </div><div class="t m0 x5 h11 y32 ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">excepcional de <span class="blank _0"> </span>país capitalista, <span class="blank _0"> </span>constituindo o rendimento d<span class="blank _0"> </span>e seus <span class="blank _0"> </span>capitais no <span class="blank _0"> </span>estrangeiro uma das <span class="blank _0"> </span>suas <span class="blank _0"> </span>maiore<span class="blank _1"></span>s <span class="blank _0"> </span>fontes de <span class="blank _0"> </span>renda, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h11 y5c ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">fazem todos os autores modernos notar que o B<span class="blank _0"> </span>ank <span class="blank _2"></span>Act da <span class="blank _0"> </span>Ingl<span class="blank _1"></span>aterra é tão p<span class="blank _0"> </span>erfe<span class="blank _1"></span>ito que, <span class="blank _0"> </span>sempre que há uma crise... <span class="blank _0"> </span>o Parlament<span class="ls18">o </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h13 y34 ff4 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wse">vota uma medida <span class="blank _1"></span>de exceção. O B<span class="blank _1"></span>ank <span class="blank _2"></span>Act não funciona e<span class="blank _1"></span>m crise\u201d<span class="ff6 ls4"> </span>(Simonsen, <span class="blank _1"></span>1930, p. <span class="ls1 ws11">22)</span><span class="wsc">.<span class="blank _1"></span><span class="ff3 wse"> </span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div>
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