HP 50g user´s manual

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HP 50g graphing calculator
user’s manual
H
Edition 1
HP part number F22
29AA-90001
Notice
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THIS MANUAL AND ANY EXAMPLES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE 
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NOTICE. HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY MAKES NO 
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OF MERCHANTAB
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USE OF THIS M
HEREIN.
© Copyright 2003, 2
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Edition 1 
FrontPageQS49_E.backup.fm Page 2 Friday, February 24, 2006 4:54 PM
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ILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT AND FITNESS 
R PURPOSE.
D CO. SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY 
NCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 
WITH THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE, OR 
ANUAL OR THE EXAMPLES CONTAINED 
006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
ation, or translation of this manual is prohibited 
permission of Hewlett-Packard Company, except as 
pyright laws. 
pany 
n Rd, 
April 2006
Preface
You have in your hands a compact symbolic and numerical computer that 
will facilitate calculation and mathematical analysis of problems in a 
variety of disciplines, from elementary mathematics to advanced 
engineering and science subjects. 
This manual contains examples that illustrate the use of the basic calculator 
functions and operations. The chapters in this user’s manual are organized 
by subject in order of difficulty: from the setting of calculator modes, to real 
and complex number calculations, operations with lists, vectors, and 
matrices, graphics, calculus applications, vector analysis, differential 
equations, probability and statistics.
For symbolic operations the calculator includes a powerful Computer 
Algebraic System (CAS), which lets you select different modes of operation, 
e.g., complex numbers vs. real numbers, or exact (symbolic) vs. 
approximate (numerical) mode. The display can be adjusted to provide 
textbook-type expressions, which can be useful when working with 
matrices, vectors, fractions, summations, derivatives, and integrals. The 
high-speed graphics of the calculator are very convenient for producing 
complex figures in very little time.
Thanks to the infrared port, the USB port, and the RS232 port and cable 
provided with your calculator, you can connect your calculator with other 
calculators or computers. This allows for fast and efficient exchange of 
programs and data with other calculators and computers.
We hope your calculator will become a faithful companion for your school 
and professional applications.
SG49A.book Page 1 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page TOC-1
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Getting started
Basic Operations, 1-1
Batteries, 1-1
Turning the ca
Adjusting the 
Contents of th
Menus, 1-3
The TOOL me
Setting time a
Introducing the ca
Selecting calculato
Operating Mo
Number Form
Standard fo
Fixed forma
Scientific fo
Engineering
Decimal co
Angle Measur
Coordinate Sy
Selecting CAS sett
Explanation o
Selecting Display 
Selecting the d
Selecting prop
Selecting prop
Selecting prop
References, 1-20
Chapter 2 - Intr
Calculator objects
SG49A.book Page 1 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
lculator on and off, 1-2
display contrast, 1-2
e calculator’s display, 1-3
nu, 1-3
nd date, 1-4
lculator’s keyboard, 1-4
r modes, 1-6
de, 1-7
at and decimal dot or comma, 1-10
rmat, 1-10
t with decimals, 1-10
rmat, 1-11
 format, 1-12
mma vs. decimal point, 1-13
e, 1-14
stem, 1-14
ings, 1-15
f CAS settings, 1-16
modes, 1-17
isplay font, 1-18
erties of the line editor, 1-18
erties of the Stack, 1-19
erties of the equation writer (EQW), 1-20
oducing the calculator
, 2-1
Editing expressions in the stack, 2-1
Creating arithmetic expressions, 2-1
Creating algebraic expressions, 2-4
Using the Equation Writer (EQW) to create expressions, 2-5
Creating arithmetic expressions, 2-5
Creating algebraic expressions, 2-7
Organizing data i
The HOME di
Subdirectories
Variables, 2-9
Typing variab
Creating varia
Algebraic m
RPN mode,
Checking vari
Algebraic m
RPN mode,
Using the ri
Listing the c
Deleting varia
Using funct
Using funct
UNDO and CMD f
CHOOSE boxes vs
References, 2-18
Chapter 3 - Cal
Examples of real n
Using powers
Real number funct
Using calculat
Hyperbolic fun
Operations with u
The UNITS me
SG49A.book Page 2 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page TOC-2
n the calculator, 2-8
rectory, 2-8
, 2-9
le names , 2-9
bles, 2-10
ode, 2-10
 2-11
ables contents, 2-13
ode, 2-13
 2-13
ght-shift key followed by soft menu key labels, 2-13
ontents of all variables in the screen, 2-14
bles, 2-14
ion PURGE in the stack in Algebraic mode, 2-14
ion PURGE in the stack in RPN mode, 2-15
unctions, 2-16
. Soft MENU, 2-16
culations with real numbers
umber calculations, 3-1
 of 10 in entering data, 3-3
ions in the MTH menu, 3-5
or menus, 3-5
ctions and their inverses, 3-5
nits, 3-7
nu, 3-7
Page TOC-3
Available units, 3-9
Attaching units to numbers, 3-9
Unit prefixes, 3-10
Operations with units, 3-11
Unit conversions, 3-12
Physical constants in the calculator, 3-13
Defining and usin
Reference, 3-16
Chapter 4 - Cal
Definitions, 4-1
Setting the calcula
Entering comp
Polar represen
Simple operations
The CMPLX menus
CMPLX menu 
CMPLX menu 
Functions applied 
Function DROITE: 
Reference, 4-7
Chapter 5 - Alg
Entering algebraic
Simple operations
Functions in th
Operations with tr
Expansion an
Expansion an
Functions in the A
Polynomials, 5-8
The HORNER
The variable V
The PCOEF fu
SG49A.book Page 3 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
g functions, 3-15
culations with complex numbers
tor to COMPLEX mode, 4-1
lex numbers, 4-2
tation of a complex number, 4-3
 with complex numbers, 4-4
, 4-4
through the MTH menu, 4-4
in keyboard, 4-6
to complex numbers, 4-6
equation of a straight line, 4-7
ebraic and arithmetic operations
 objects, 5-1
 with algebraic objects, 5-2
e ALG menu , 5-3
anscendental functions, 5-5
d factoring using log-exp functions, 5-5
d factoring using trigonometric functions, 5-6
RITHMETIC menu, 5-7
 function, 5-8
X, 5-8
nction, 5-8
The PROOT function, 5-9
The QUOT and REMAINDER functions, 5-9
The PEVAL function , 5-9
Fractions, 5-9
The SIMP2 function, 5-10
The PROPFRAC function, 5-10
The PARTFRAC
The FCOEF fu
The FROOTS 
Step-by-step oper
Reference, 5-12
Chapter 6 - Sol
Symbolic solution 
Function ISOL
Function SOLV
Function SOLV
Function ZERO
Numerical solver 
Polynomial Eq
Finding the
Generating
6-7
Generating
Financial calc
Solving equat
Function ST
Solution to simulta
Reference, 6-11
Chapter 7 - Op
Creating and stori
Operations with li
Changing sign
SG49A.book Page 4 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page TOC-4
 function, 5-10
nction, 5-10
function, 5-11
ations with polynomials and fractions, 5-11
ution to equations
of algebraic equations, 6-1
, 6-1
E, 6-2
EVX, 6-4
S, 6-4
menu, 6-5
uations, 6-6
 solutions to a polynomial equation, 6-6
 polynomial coefficients given the polynomial's roots, 
 an algebraic expression for the polynomial, 6-8
ulations, 6-8
ions with one unknown through NUM.SLV, 6-9
EQ, 6-9
neous equations with MSLV, 6-10
erations with lists
ng lists, 7-1
sts of numbers, 7-1
 , 7-1
Page TOC-5
Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, 7-2
Functions applied to lists, 7-4
Lists of complex numbers, 7-4
Lists of algebraic objects, 7-5
The MTH/LIST menu, 7-5
The SEQ function, 7-7
The MAP function,
Reference, 7-7
Chapter 8 - Vec
Entering vectors, 
Typing vectors
Storing vector
Using the Mat
Simple operations
Changing sig
Addition, subt
Multiplication
Absolute value
The MTH/VECTOR
Magnitude, 8
Dot product , 
Cross product
Reference, 8-8
Chapter 9 - Ma
Entering matrices 
Using the Mat
Typing in the 
Operations with m
Addition and 
Multiplication,
Multiplicati
Matrix-vect
SG49A.book Page 5 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
 7-7
tors
8-1
 in the stack, 8-1
s into variables in the stack, 8-2
rix Writer (MTRW) to enter vectors, 8-3
 with vectors, 8-5
n, 8-5
raction, 8-5
 by a scalar, and division by a scalar, 8-6
 function, 8-6
 menu, 8-6
-7
8-7
, 8-7
trices and linear algebra
in the stack, 9-1
rix Writer, 9-1
matrix directly into the stack, 9-2
atrices, 9-3
subtraction, 9-4
 9-4
on by a scalar, 9-4
or multiplication, 9-5
Matrix multiplication, 9-5
Term-by-term multiplication, 9-6
Raising a matrix to a real power, 9-6
The identity matrix, 9-7
The inverse matrix, 9-7
Characterizing a matrix (The matrix NORM menu), 9-8
Function DET,
Function TRAC
Solution of linear 
Using the num
Solution with t
Solution by “d
References, 9-12
Chapter 10 - G
Graphs options in
Plotting an expres
Generating a tabl
Fast 3D plots, 10-
Reference, 10-7
Chapter 11 - Ca
The CALC (Calculu
Limits and derivat
Function lim, 1
Functions DER
Anti-derivatives a
Functions INT,
Definite integr
Infinite series, 11-
Functions TAY
Reference, 11-6
SG49A.book Page 6 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page TOC-6
 9-8
E, 9-8
systems, 9-9
erical solver for linear systems, 9-9
he inverse matrix, 9-11
ivision” of matrices, 9-11
raphics
 the calculator, 10-1
sion of the form y = f(x), 10-2
e of values for a function, 10-4
5
lculus Applications
s) menu, 11-1
ives, 11-1
1-1
IV and DERVX, 11-3
nd integrals, 11-3
 INTVX, RISCH, SIGMA and SIGMAVX, 11-3
als, 11-4
5
LR, TAYLR0, and SERIES, 11-5
Page TOC-7
Chapter 12 - Multi-variate Calculus Applications
Partial derivatives, 12-1
Multiple integrals, 12-2
Reference, 12-2
Chapter 13 - Vector Analysis Applications
The del operator, 
Gradient, 13-1
Divergence, 13-2
Curl, 13-2
Reference, 13-2
Chapter 14 - D
The CALC/DIFF me
Solution to linear 
Function LDEC
Function DESO
The variable O
Laplace Transform
Laplace transf
Fourier series, 14
Function FOU
Fourier series 
Reference, 14-7
Chapter 15 - Pr
The MTH/PROBAB
Factorials, com
Random numb
The MTH/PROB m
The Normal d
The Student-t d
The Chi-squar
The F distribut
SG49A.book Page 7 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
13-1
ifferential Equations 
nu, 14-1
and non-linear equations, 14-1
, 14-1
LVE, 14-3
DETYPE, 14-3
s, 14-4
orm and inverses in the calculator, 14-4
-5
RIER, 14-5
for a quadratic function, 14-6
obability Distributions
ILITY.. sub-menu - part 1, 15-1
binations, and permutations, 15-1
ers, 15-2
enu - part 2, 15-3
istribution, 15-3
istribution, 15-3
e distribution, 15-4
ion, 15-4
Reference, 15-4
Chapter 16 - Statistical Applications
Entering data, 16-1
Calculating single-variable statistics, 16-2
Sample vs. population, 16-2
Obtaining frequen
Fitting data to a fu
Obtaining additio
Confidence interva
Hypothesis testing
Reference, 16-11
Chapter 17 - N
The BASE menu, 1
Writing non-decim
Reference, 17-2
Chapter 18 - U
Inserting and rem
Formatting an SD 
Accessing objects 
Storing objects on
Recalling an objec
Purging an object
Purging all objects
Specifying a direc
Chapter 19 - Eq
Reference, 19-4
Limited Warranty,
Service, W-3
Regulatory inform
Disposal of Waste
ropean Union, W
SG49A.book Page 8 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page TOC-8
cy distributions, 16-3
nction y = f(x), 16-5
nal summary statistics, 16-6
ls, 16-7
, 16-9
umbers in Different Bases
7-1
al numbers, 17-2
sing SD cards
oving an SD card, 18-1
card, 18-1
on an SD card, 18-2
 the SD card, 18-2
t from the SD card, 18-3
 from the SD card, 18-3
 on the SD card (by reformatting), 18-4
tory on an SD card, 18-4
uation Library
 W-1
ation, W-5
 Equipment by Users in Private Household in the Eu-
-7
Page 1-1
Chapter 1
Getting started
This chapter provides basic information about the operation of your 
calculator. It is designed to familiarize you with the basic operations and 
settings before you perform a calculation.
Basic Operati
Batteries
The calculator uses 4
lithium battery for me
Before using the calc
following procedure.
To install the main b
a. Make sure the cal
cover as illustrated
b. Insert 4 new AAA
sure each battery 
To install the back
a. Make sure the cal
to the shown direc
SG49A.book Page 1 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
ons
 AAA (LR03) batteries as main power and a CR2032 
mory backup.
ulator, please install the batteries according to the 
atteries 
culator is OFF. Slide up the battery compartment 
.
 (LR03) batteries into the main compartment. Make 
is inserted in the indicated direction.
up battery
culator is OFF. Press down the holder. Push the plate 
tion and lift it.
b. Insert a new CR20
facing up.
c. Replace the plate 
After installing the ba
Warning: When the l
batteries as soon as p
and main batteries at
Turning the calc
The $ key is locat
once to turn your cal
shift key @ (first key
followed by the $ k
in the upper right cor
Adjusting the d
You can adjust the di
the + or - keys.
The $(hold) + k
The $(hold) - k
Page 1-2
32 lithium battery. Make sure its positive (+) side is 
and push it to the original place.
tteries, press $ to turn the power on.
ow battery icon is displayed, you need to replace the 
ossible. However, avoid removing the backup battery 
 the same time to avoid data lost.
ulator on and off
ed at the lower left corner of the keyboard. Press it 
culator on. To turn the calculator off, press the right-
 in the second row from the bottom of the keyboard), 
ey. Notice that the $ key has a OFF label printed 
ner as a reminder of the OFF command.
isplay contrast
splay contrast by holding the $ key while pressing 
ey combination produces a darker display
ey combination produces a lighter display
Page 1-3
Contents of the calculator’s display
Turn your calculator on once more. At the top of the display you will have 
two lines of information that describe the settings of the calculator. The first 
line shows the characters:
RAD XYZ HEX R= 'X'
For details on the meaning of these symbols see Chapter 2 in the 
calculator’s user’s gu
The second line show
indicating that the H
calculator’s memory.
At the bottom of the d
@E
associated with the si
The six labels displa
depending on whic
associated with the f
label, and so on.
Menus
The six labels associa
menu of functions. S
display 6 labels at a
than six entries. Each
to the next menu pag
key is the third key fro
The TOOL menu
The soft menu keys f
associated with ope
section on variables i
@EDIT A EDIT the
and Cha
informat
@VIEW B VIEW th
SG49A.book Page 3 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
ide. 
s the characters
{ HOME }
OME directory is the current file directory in the 
isplay you will find a number of labels, namely,
DIT @VIEW @@RCL@@ @@STO@ !PURGE !CLEAR
x soft menu keys, F1 through F6:
ABCDEF
yed in the lower part of the screen will change 
h menu is displayed. But A will always be 
irst displayed label, B with the second displayed 
ted with the keys A through F form part of a 
ince the calculator has only six soft menu keys, it only 
ny point in time. However, a menu can have more 
 group of 6 entries is called a Menu page. To move 
e (if available), press the L (NeXT menu) key. This 
m the left in the third row of keys in the keyboard.
or the default menu,known as the TOOL menu, are 
rations related to manipulation of variables (see 
n this Chapter):
 contents of a variable (see Chapter 2 in this guide 
pter 2 and Appendix L in the user’s guide for more 
ion on editing)
e contents of a variable
These six functions form the first page of the TOOL menu. This menu has 
actually eight entries arranged in two pages. The second page is 
available by pressing
from the left in the thi
In this case, only the
with them. These com
Pressing the L key
recover the TOOL me
the second row of key
Setting time and
See Chapter 1 in the 
date.
Introducing th
The figure on the nex
with the numbering o
five functions. The m
label in the key. Als
(9,1), and the ALPHA
other keys to activate 
@@RCL@ C ReCaLl the contents of a variable
@@STO@ D STOre the contents of a variable
!PURGE E PURGE a variable
@CLEAR F CLEAR the display or stack
@CASCM A CASCM
the CAS
@HELP B HELP fac
calculato
Page 1-4
 the L (NeXT menu) key. This key is the third key 
rd row of keys in the keyboard.
 first two soft menu keys have commands associated 
mands are:
 will show the original TOOL menu. Another way to 
nu is to press the I key (third key from the left in 
s from the top of the keyboard).
 date
calculator’s user’s guide to learn how to set time and 
e calculator’s keyboard
t page shows a diagram of the calculator’s keyboard 
f its rows and columns. Each key has three, four, or 
ain key function correspond to the most prominent 
o, the left-shift key, key (8,1), the right-shift key, key 
 key, key (7,1), can be combined with some of the 
the alternative functions shown in the keyboard.
D: CAS CoMmanD, used to launch a command from 
 (Computer Algebraic System) by selecting from a list
ility describing the commands available in the 
r
Page 1-5
For example, the P
associated with it:
P Main
„´ Left-s
…N Righ
~p ALPH
~„p ALPH
SG49A.book Page 5 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
 key, key(4,4), has the following six functions 
 function, to activate the SYMBolic menu
hift function, to activate the MTH (Math) menu
t-shift function, to activate the CATalog function
A function, to enter the upper-case letter P
A-Left-Shift function, to enter the lower-case letter p
Of the six functions associated with a key only the first four are shown in 
the keyboard itself. The figure in next page shows these four labels for the 
P key. Notice that the color and the position of the labels in the key, 
namely, SYMB, MTH, CAT and P, indicate which is the main function 
(SYMB), and which of the other three functions is associated with the left-
shift „(MTH), right-shift …(CAT ), and ~ (P) keys.
For detailed informa
Appendix B in the ca
Selecting calc
This section assumes 
use of choose and dia
in the user’s guide).
Press the H button
from the top) to show
Press the !!@@OK#@ soft m
selecting different cal
~…p ALPHA-Right-Shift function, to enter the symbol π
Page 1-6
tion on the calculator keyboard operation refer to 
lculator’s user’s guide.
ulator modes
that you are now at least partially familiar with the 
log boxes (if you are not, please refer to appendix A 
 (second key from the left on the second row of keys 
 the following CALCULATOR MODES input form:
enu key to return to normal display. Examples of 
culator modes are shown next.
Page 1-7
Operating Mode
The calculator offers two operating modes: the Algebraic mode, and the 
Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) mode. The default mode is the Algebraic 
mode (as indicated in the figure above), however, users of earlier HP 
calculators may be more familiar with the RPN mode.
To select an operating mode, first open the CALCULATOR MODES input 
form by pressing the H button. The Operating Mode field will be 
highlighted. Select th
the \ key (second 
pressing the @CHOOS so
down arrow keys, —
menu key to complete
To illustrate the diffe
calculate the followin
To enter this express
writer, ‚O. P
besides the numeric k
!
Q¸
The equation writer
mathematical expres
fractions, derivatives,
writing the expression
‚O
1
/23.
After pressing ` th
√ (3.*(
Pressing ` again w
on, if asked, by press
SG49A.book Page 7 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
e Algebraic or RPN operating mode by either using 
from left in the fifth row from the keyboard bottom), or 
ft menu key. If using the latter approach, use up and 
 ˜, to select the mode, and press the !!@@OK#@ soft 
 the operation. 
rence between these two operating modes we will 
g expression in both modes:
ion in the calculator we will first use the equation 
lease identify the following keys in the keyboard, 
eypad keys:
@.#*+-/R
Ü‚Oš™˜—`
 is a display mode in which you can build 
sions using explicit mathematical notation including 
 integrals, roots, etc. To use the equation writer for 
 shown above, use the following keystrokes:
R3.*!Ü5.-
./3.*3.
—————
Q3™™+!¸2.5`
e calculator displays the expression:
5.-1/(3.*3.))/23.^3+EXP(2.5))
ill provide the following value (accept Approx mode 
ing !!@@OK#@):
5.2
3
0.23
0.30.3
1
0.50.3
e+
⋅
−⋅ ⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜
⎝
⎛
You could also type the expression directly into the display without using 
the equation writer, a
R!
1
/23
to obtain the same re
Change the operatin
Select the RPN opera
the @CHOOS soft menu 
operation. The displa
Notice that the displa
to top, as 1, 2, 3, etc
different levels are re
level 2, etc.
What RPN means is t
pressing
we write the operand
As you enter the op
3` puts the nu
the 3 upwards to occ
telling the calculator 
levels 1 and 2. The r
SG49A.book Page 8 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 1-8
s follows:
Ü3.*!Ü5.-
/3.*3.™
.Q3+!¸2.5`
sult.
g mode to RPN by first pressing the H button. 
ting mode by either using the \ key, or pressing 
key. Press the @@OK#@ soft menu key to complete the 
y, for the RPN mode looks as follows:
y shows several levels of output labeled, from bottom 
. This is referred to as the stack of the calculator. The 
ferred to as the stack levels, i.e., stack level 1, stack 
hat, instead of writing an operation such as 3 + 2 by 
3+2`
s first, in the proper order, and then the operator, i.e., 
3`2+
erands, they occupy different stack levels. Entering 
mber 3 in stack level 1. Next, entering 2 pushes 
upy stack level 2. Finally, by pressing +, we are 
to apply the operator, +, to the objects occupying 
esult, 5, is then placed in level 1.
Page 1-9
Let's try some other simple operations before trying the more complicated 
expression used earlier for the algebraic operating mode:
Note the position of t
exponential operatio
level 1) before the 
operation, y (stack le
level 1) is the root.
Try the following exer
Let's try now the expr
123/32 123`32/
42 4`2Q
3√(√27) 27R3@»
5`3
2X
3` Ente
5` Ente
3` Ente
3* Plac
Y 1/(3
- 5 - 1
* 3 × 
23`Ente
3Q Ente
/ (3 ×
2.5Ente
!¸ e2.5,
SG49A.book Page 9 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
he y and x in the last two operations. The base in the 
n is y (stack level 2) while the exponent is x (stack 
key Q is pressed. Similarly, in the cubic root 
vel 2) is the quantity under the root sign, and x (stack 
cise involving 3 factors: (5 + 3) × 2
ession proposed earlier:
+ Calculates (5 +3) first.
Completes the calculation.
r 3 in level 1
r 5 in level 1, 3 moves to level 2
r 3 in level 1, 5 moves to level 2, 3 to level 3
e 3 and multiply, 9 appears in level 1
×3), last value in lev. 1; 5 in level 2; 3 in level 3
/(3×3) , occupies level 1 now; 3 in level 2
(5 - 1/(3×3)), occupies level 1 now.
r 23 in level 1, 14.66666 moves to level 2.
r 3, calculate 233 into level 1. 14.666 in lev. 2.
 (5-1/(3×3)))/233 into level1
r 2.5 level 1
 goes into level 1, level 2 shows previous value.
5.2
3
23
33
1
53
e+
⋅
−⋅ ⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜
⎝
⎛
To select between the ALG vs. RPN operating mode, you can also set/
clear system flag 95 through the following keystroke sequence:
H @FLAGS! 9˜˜˜˜ `
Number Forma
Changing the numb
numbers are displa
extremely useful in op
decimals in a result.
To select a number fo
by pressing the H 
the option Number fo
the standard format, 
no set decimal placem
calculator (12 signific
in this guide. To illus
exercises:
Standard format
This mode is the mos
notation. Press the !!@@O
to return to the calcula
(with16 significant fig
the maximum 12 sign
Fixed format with
Press the H button
option Number form
option Fixed with the 
+ (3 × (5 - 1/(3 × 3)))/233 + e
2.5 = 12.18369, into lev. 1.
R √((3 × (5 - 1/(3×3)))/233 + e2.5) = 3.4905156, into 1.
SG49A.book Page 10 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 1-10
t and decimal dot or comma
er format allows you to customize the way real 
yed by the calculator. You will find this feature 
erations with powers of tens or to limit the number of 
rmat, first open the CALCULATOR MODES input form 
button. Then, use the down arrow key, ˜, to select 
rmat. The default value is Std, or Standard format. In 
the calculator will show floating-point numbers with 
ent and with the maximum precision allowed by the 
ant digits).”To learn more about reals, see Chapter 2 
trate this and other number formats try the following 
t used mode as it shows numbers in the most familiar 
K#@ soft menu key, with the Number format set to Std, 
tor display. Enter the number 123.4567890123456 
ures). Press the ` key. The number is rounded to 
ificant figures, and is displayed as follows:
 decimals
. Next, use the down arrow key, ˜, to select the 
at. Press the @CHOOS soft menu key, and select the 
arrow down key ˜.
Page 1-11
Press the right arrow
Fix. Press the @CHOOS
keys, —˜, select,
Press the !!@@OK#@ soft m
Press the !!@@OK#@ soft m
now is shown as:
Notice how the num
123.456789012345
as 123.456 because
Scientific format
To set this format, sta
arrow key, ˜, to se
menu key, and selec
SG49A.book Page 11 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
 key, ™, to highlight the zero in front of the option 
 soft menu key and, using the up and down arrow 
 say, 3 decimals.
enu key to complete the selection:
enu key return to the calculator display. The number 
ber is rounded, not truncated. Thus, the number 
6, for this setting, is displayed as 123.457, and not 
 the digit after 6 is > 5. 
rt by pressing the H button. Next, use the down 
lect the option Number format. Press the @CHOOS soft 
t the option Scientific with the arrow down key ˜. 
Keep the number 3 in front of the Sci. (This number can be changed in the 
same fashion that we changed the Fixed number of decimals in the 
example above).
Press the !!@@OK#@ soft m
now is shown as:
This result, 1.23E2, 
i.e., 1.235 × 102. In
front of the Sci numb
significant figures af
includes one integer 
number of significant
Engineering forma
The engineering form
the powers of ten are
the H button. Nex
Number format. Pre
Engineering with the 
the Eng. (This num
changed the Fixed nu
SG49A.book Page 12 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 1-12
enu key return to the calculator display. The number 
is the calculator’s version of powers-of-ten notation, 
 this, so-called, scientific notation, the number 3 in 
er format (shown earlier) represents the number of 
ter the decimal point. Scientific notation always 
figure as shown above. For this case, therefore, the 
 figures is four.
t
at is very similar to the scientific format, except that 
 multiples of three. To set this format, start by pressing 
t, use the down arrow key, ˜, to select the option 
ss the @CHOOS soft menu key, and select the option 
arrow down key ˜. Keep the number 3 in front of 
ber can be changed in the same fashion that we 
mber of decimals in an earlier example). 
Page 1-13
Press the !!@@OK#@ soft menu key return to the calculator display. The number 
now is shown as:
Because this number has three figures in the integer part, it is shown with 
four significative fig
Engineering format. 
Decimal comma v
Decimal points in flo
the user is more fami
commas, change the 
commas, as follows (
Std):
Press the H button.
right arrow key, ™,
press the soft m
Press the !!@@OK#@ soft m
123.456789012345
SG49A.book Page 13 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
ures and a zero power of ten, while using the 
For example, the number 0.00256, will be shown as:
s. decimal point
ating-point numbers can be replaced by commas, if 
liar with such notation. To replace decimal points for 
FM option in the CALCULATOR MODES input form to 
Notice that we have changed the Number Format to 
 Next, use the down arrow key, ˜, once, and the 
 highlighting the option __FM,. To select commas, 
enu key. The input form will look as follows:
enu key return to the calculator display. The number 
6, entered earlier, now is shown as:
Angle Measure
Trigonometric functions, for example, require arguments representing plane 
angles. The calculator provides three different Angle Measure modes for 
working with angles, namely:
• Degrees: There are 360 degrees (360°) in a complete circumference.
• Radians: There are 2π radians (2π r) in a complete circumference.
• Grades: There are
The angle measure 
associated functions.
To change the angle 
• Press the H butt
Select the Angle M
from left in the fifth
@CHOOS soft menu k
arrow keys, —˜
soft menu key to c
screen, the Radian
Coordinate Sys
The coordinate syste
numbers are displa
numbers and vectors
There are three coord
(RECT), Cylindrical 
coordinate system:
• Press the H butt
Select the Coord S
from left in the fifth
@CHOOS soft menu k
arrow keys, —˜
SG49A.book Page 14 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 1-14
 400 grades (400 g) in a complete circumference.
affects the trig functions like SIN, COS, TAN and 
measure mode, use the following procedure:
on. Next, use the down arrow key, ˜, twice. 
easure mode by either using the \ key (second 
 row from the keyboard bottom), or pressing the 
ey. If using the latter approach, use up and down 
, to select the preferred mode, and press the !!@@OK#@ 
omplete the operation. For example, in the following 
s mode is selected:
tem
m selection affects the way vectors and complex 
yed and entered. To learn more about complex 
, see Chapters 4 and 8, respectively, in this guide. 
inate systems available in the calculator: Rectangular 
(CYLIN), and Spherical (SPHERE). To change 
on. Next, use the down arrow key, ˜, three times. 
ystem mode by either using the \ key (second 
 row from the keyboard bottom), or pressing the 
ey. If using the latter approach, use up and down 
, to select the preferred mode, and press the !!@@OK#@ 
Page 1-15
soft menu key to complete the operation. For example, in the following 
screen, the Polar coordinate mode is selected:
Selecting CAS
CAS stands for Comp
of the calculator w
functions are program
adjusted according to
CAS settings use the 
• Press the H but
• To change CAS se
values of the CAS
• To navigate throug
use the arrow keys
• To select or desele
underline before th
key until the right 
check mark will be
SG49A.book Page 15 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
 settings
uter Algebraic System. This is the mathematical core 
here the symbolic mathematical operations and 
med. The CAS offers a number of settings can be 
 the type of operation of interest. To see the optional 
following:
ton to activate the CALCULATOR MODES input form. 
ttingspress the @@CAS@@ soft menu key. The default 
 setting are shown below:
h the many options in the CAS MODES input form, 
: š™˜—.
ct any of the settings shown above, select the 
e option of interest, and toggle the soft menu 
setting is achieved. When an option is selected, a 
 shown in the underline (e.g., the Rigorous and Simp 
Non-Rational options above). Unselected options will show no check 
mark in the underline preceding the option of interest (e.g., the 
_Numeric, _Approx, _Complex, _Verbose, _Step/Step, _Incr Pow 
options above).
• After having selected and unselected all the options that you want in 
the CAS MODES input form, press the @@@OK@@@ soft menu key. This will 
take you back to the CALCULATOR MODES input form. To return to 
normal calculator 
once more.
Explanation of 
• Indep var: The ind
VX = ‘X’.
• Modulo: For opera
modulus or modul
calculator’s user’s 
• Numeric: If set, th
result, in calculatio
numerically.
• Approx: If set, App
If unchecked, the C
results in algebrai
• Complex: If set, co
the CAS is in Real
See Chapter 4 for
• Verbose: If set, pro
operations.
• Step/Step: If set, p
operations. Usefu
integrals, polynom
operations.
• Incr Pow: Increasin
shown in increasin
• Rigorous: If set, ca
|X| to X.
• Simp Non-Rationa
expressions as mu
SG49A.book Page 16 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 1-16
display at this point, press the @@@OK@@@ soft menu key 
CAS settings
ependent variable for CAS applications. Typically, 
tions in modular arithmetic this variable holds the 
o of the arithmetic ring (see Chapter 5 in the 
guide).
e calculator produces a numeric, or floating-point 
ns. Note that constants will always be evaluated 
roximate mode uses numerical results in calculations. 
AS is in Exact mode, which produces symbolic 
c calculations.
mplex number operations are active. If unchecked 
 mode, i.e., real number calculations are the default. 
 operations with complex numbers.
vides detailed information in certain CAS 
rovides step-by-step results for certain CAS 
l to see intermediate steps in summations, derivatives, 
ial operations (e.g., synthetic division), and matrix 
g Power, means that, if set, polynomial terms are 
g order of the powers of the independent variable.
lculator does not simplify the absolute value function 
l: If set, the calculator will try to simplify non-rational 
ch as possible.
Page 1-17
Selecting Display modes
The calculator display can be customized to your preference by selecting 
different display modes. To see the optional display settings use the 
following:
• First, press the H button to activate the CALCULATOR MODES input 
form. Within the CALCULATOR MODES input form, press the @@DISP@ 
soft menu key to d
• To navigate throug
form, use the arrow
• To select or desele
check mark, selec
toggle the 
When an option i
underline (e.g., th
Unselected option
the option of inter
in the Edit: line ab
• To select the Font 
option in the DISP
• After having selec
the DISPLAY MOD
take you back to t
normal calculator 
once more.
SG49A.book Page 17 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
isplay the DISPLAY MODES input form.
h the many options in the DISPLAY MODES input 
 keys: š™˜—.
ct any of the settings shown above, that require a 
t the underline before the option of interest, and 
soft menu key until the right setting is achieved. 
s selected, a check mark will be shown in the 
e Textbook option in the Stack: line above). 
s will show no check mark in the underline preceding 
est (e.g., the _Small, _Full page, and _Indent options 
ove).
for the display, highlight the field in front of the Font: 
LAY MODES input form, and use the @CHOOS soft menu.
ted and unselected all the options that you want in 
ES input form, press the @@@OK@@@ soft menu key. This will 
he CALCULATOR MODES input form. To return to 
display at this point, press the @@@OK@@@ soft menu key 
Selecting the display font
First, press the H button to activate the CALCULATOR MODES input 
form. Within the CALCULATOR MODES input form, press the @@DISP@ soft 
menu key to display the DISPLAY MODES input form. The Font: field is 
highlighted, and the option Ft8_0: system 8 is selected. This is the default 
value of the display font. Pressing the @CHOOS soft menu key will provide a 
list of available system fonts, as shown below:
The options available
and a Browse.. opt
memory for addition
into the calculator.
Practice changing th
menu key to effect th
the @@@OK@@@ soft menu 
form. To return to no
soft menu key once
accommodate the dif
Selecting prope
First, press the H 
form. Within the CA
menu key to display
arrow key, ˜, on
properties that can 
(checked) the followin
Instructions on the use
user’s guide.
_Small Chan
_Full page Allow
_Indent Auto
SG49A.book Page 18 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 1-18
 are three standard System Fonts (sizes 8, 7, and 6) 
ion. The latter will let you browse the calculator 
al fonts that you may have created or downloaded 
e display fonts to sizes 7 and 6. Press the OK soft 
e selection. When done with a font selection, press 
key to go back to the CALCULATOR MODES input 
rmal calculator display at this point, press the @@@OK@@@
 more and see how the stack display change to 
ferent font.
rties of the line editor
button to activate the CALCULATOR MODES input 
LCULATOR MODES input form, press the @@DISP@ soft 
 the DISPLAY MODES input form. Press the down 
ce, to get to the Edit line. This line shows three 
be modified. When these properties are selected 
g effects are activated:
 of the line editor are presented in Chapter 2 in the 
ges font size to small
s to place the cursor after the end of the line
 indent cursor when entering a carriage return
Page 1-19
Selecting properties of the Stack
First, press the H button to activate the CALCULATOR MODES input 
form. Within the CALCULATOR MODES input form, press the @@DISP@ soft 
menu key (D) to display the DISPLAY MODES input form. Press the 
down arrow key, ˜, twice, to get to the Stack line. This line shows two 
properties that can be modified. When these properties are selected 
(checked) the following effects are activated:
To illustrate these se
equation writer to typ
‚O…Á
In Algebraic mode, th
with neither _Small n
With the _Small optio
With the _Textbook o
the _Small option is s
_Small Chan
infor
overr
 _Textbook Disp
math
SG49A.book Page 19 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
ttings, either in algebraic or RPN mode, use the 
e the following definite integral:
0™„虄¸\x™x`
e following screen shows the result of these keystrokes 
or _Textbook are selected:
n selected only, the display looks as shown below:
ption selected (default value), regardless of whether 
elected or not, the display shows the following result:
ges font size to small. This maximizes the amount of 
mation displayed on the screen. Note, this selection 
ides the font selection for the stack display.
lays mathematical expressions in graphical 
ematical notation
Selecting properties of the equation writer (EQW)
First, press the H button to activate the CALCULATOR MODES input 
form. Within the CALCULATOR MODES input form, press the @@DISP@ soft 
menu key to display the DISPLAY MODES input form. Press the down 
arrow key, ˜, three times, to get to the EQW (Equation Writer) line. This 
line shows two properties that can be modified. When these properties 
are selected (checked) the following effects are activated:
Detailed instructions 
presented elsewhere 
For the example of th
_Small Stack Disp in
produces the followin
References
Additional references
in Chapter 1 and Ap
_Small C
e
_Small Stack Disp S
e
SG49A.book Page20 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 1-20
on the use of the equation editor (EQW) are 
in this manual.
e integral , presented above, selecting the 
 the EQW line of the DISPLAY MODES input form 
g display:
 on the subjects covered in this Chapter can be found 
pendix C of the calculator’s user’s guide. 
hanges font size to small while using the equation 
ditor
hows small font in the stack after using the equation 
ditor
∫
∞
−
0
dXe
X
Page 2-1
Chapter 2
Introducing the calculator
In this chapter we present a number of basic operations of the calculator 
including the use of the Equation Writer and the manipulation of data 
objects in the calculator. Study the examples in this chapter to get a good 
grasp of the capabilities of the calculator for future applications.
Calculator ob
Some of the most com
with a decimal poin
written without a d
numbers (written as 
objects are described
Editing expre
In this section we pre
calculator display or 
Creating arithm
For this example, we 
format with 3 decim
arithmetic expression
To enter this expressio
5.*„
„Ü
The resulting expressi
Press ` to get the 
SG49A.book Page 1 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
jects
monly used objects are: reals (real numbers, written 
t, e.g., -0.0023, 3.56), integers (integer numbers, 
ecimal point, e.g., 1232, -123212123), complex 
an ordered pair, e.g., (3,-2)), lists, etc. Calculator 
 in Chapters 2 and 24 in the calculator’s user guide.
ssions in the stack
sent examples of expression editing directly into the 
stack.
etic expressions
select the Algebraic operating mode and select a Fix
als for the display. We are going to enter the 
:
n use the following keystrokes:
Ü1.+1/7.5™/
R3.-2.Q3
on is: 5*(1+1/7.5)/( √3-2^3). 
expression in the display as follows:
3
0.20.3
5.7
0.1
0.1
0.5
−
+
⋅
Notice that, if your CAS is set to EXACT (see Appendix C in user’s guide) 
and you enter your e
the result is a symboli
5*„
„
Before producing a r
mode. Accept the ch
mode with three deci
In this case, when the
as you press `, th
expression. If the e
calculator will reprod
³5*„
„
The result will be show
To evaluate the expre
SG49A.book Page 2 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 2-2
xpression using integer numbers for integer values, 
c quantity, e.g.,
Ü1+1/7.5™/
ÜR3-2Q3
esult, you will be asked to change to Approximate 
ange to get the following result (shown in Fix decimal 
mal places – see Chapter 1):
 expression is entered directly into the stack, as soon 
e calculator will attempt to calculate a value for the 
xpression is preceded by a tickmark, however, the 
uce the expression as entered. For example:
Ü1+1/7.5™/
ÜR3-2Q3`
n as follows:
ssion we can use the EVAL function, as follows:
µ„î`
Page 2-3
If the CAS is set to Exact, you will be asked to approve changing the CAS 
setting to Approx. Once this is done, you will get the same result as 
before.
An alternative way to evaluate the expression entered earlier between 
quotes is by using the option …ï.
We will now enter the expression used above when the calculator is set to 
the RPN operating mode. We also set the CAS to Exact, the display to 
Textbook, and the nu
expression between q
³5*„
„
Resulting in the outpu
Press ` once more
stack for evaluation. 
µ
This expression is se
components to the re
[using ™] and evalu
This latter result is p
although representing
they are not, we subt
function EVAL: -µ
For additional inform
or stack, see Chapter
SG49A.book Page 3 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
mber format to Standard. The keystrokes to enter the 
uotes are the same used earlier, i.e.,
Ü1+1/7.5™/
ÜR3-2Q3`
t
 to keep two copies of the expression available in the 
We first evaluate the expression by pressing:
!î` or @ï`
mi-symbolic in the sense that there are floating-point 
sult, as well as a √3. Next, we switch stack locations 
ate using function �NUM, i.e., ™…ï.
urely numerical, so that the two results in the stack, 
 the same expression, seem different. To verify that 
ract the two values and evaluate this difference using 
. The result is zero (0.).
ation on editing arithmetic expressions in the display 
 2 in the calculator’s user’s guide.
Creating algebraic expressions
Algebraic expressions include not only numbers, but also variable names. 
As an example, we will enter the following algebraic expression:
We set the calculator
the display to Textbo
following keystrokes:
³2*~
~r™/„Ü
Press ` to get the f
Entering this express
exactly the same as th
For additional infor
calculator’s display o
LR
x
L
2
12
+
+
SG49A.book Page 4 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 2-4
 operating mode to Algebraic, the CAS to Exact, and 
ok. To enter this algebraic expression we use the 
l*R„Ü1+~„x/
~r+~„y™+2*~l/
~„b
ollowing result:
ion when the calculator is set in the RPN mode is 
is Algebraic mode exercise.
mation on editing algebraic expressions in the 
r stack see Chapter 2 in the calculator’s user’s guide.
byR +
Page 2-5
Using the Equation Writer (EQW) to create 
expressions
The equation writer is an extremely powerful tool that not only let you enter 
or see an equation, but also allows you to modify and work/apply 
functions on all or part of the equation.
The Equation Writer is launched by pressing the keystroke combination 
‚O (the third ke
resulting screen is the
The six soft menu ke
CURS, BIG, EVAL, 
information on these 
user’s guide.
Creating arithm
Entering arithmetic e
entering an arithmet
main difference is tha
written in “textbook” 
following keystrokes i
The result is the expre
The cursor is shown 
edition location. Fo
above, type now:
*
The edited expression
SG49A.book Page 5 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
y in the fourth row from the top in the keyboard). The 
 following. Press L to see the second menu page:
 
ys for the Equation Writer activate functions EDIT, 
FACTOR, SIMPLIFY, CMDS, and HELP. Detailed 
functions is provided in Chapter 3 of the calculator’s 
etic expressions
xpressions in the Equation Writer is very similar to 
ic expression in the stack enclosed in quotes. The 
t in the Equation Writer the expressions produced are 
style instead of a line-entry style. For example, try the 
n the Equation Writer screen: 5/5+2
ssion:
as a left-facing key. The cursor indicates the current 
r example, for the cursor in the location indicated 
„Ü5+1/3
 looks as follows:
Suppose that you want to replace the quantity between parentheses in the 
denominator (i.e., 5+
(ƒ) delete the curre
with π2/2, as follows
When hit this point th
In order to insert the d
the entire π2 expressi
once. At that point, w
The expression now lo
Suppose that now 
expression, i.e., you w
SG49A.book Page 6 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 2-6
1/3) with (5+π2/2). First, we use the delete key 
nt 1/3 expression, and then we replace that fraction 
:
ƒƒƒ„ìQ2
e screen looks as follows:
enominator 2 in the expression, we need to highlight 
on. We do this by pressing the right arrow key (™) 
e enter the following keystrokes:
/2
oks as follows:
you want to add the fraction 1/3 to this entire 
ant to enter the expression:
3
1
)
2
5(25
5
2
+
+⋅+
π
Page 2-7
First, we need to highlight the entire first term by using either the right 
arrow (™) or the upper arrow (—) keys, repeatedly, until the entire 
expression is highlighted, i.e., seven times, producing:
Once the expression
3 to add the fracti
Creating algebr
An algebraic express
that English and Gre
an algebraic expres
creating an arithme
keyboard is included.
Toillustrate the use o
we will use the follo
expression:
Use the following key
2/R3™
™™*‚¹
NOTE: Alternative
right of the 2 in th
combination ‚—
SG49A.book Page 7 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
 is highlighted as shown above, type +1/
on 1/3. Resulting in:
aic expressions
ion is very similar to an arithmetic expression, except 
ek letters may be included. The process of creating 
sion, therefore, follows the same idea as that of 
tic expression, except that use of the alphabetic 
 
f the Equation Writer to enter an algebraic equation 
wing example. Suppose that we want to enter the 
strokes:
™*~‚n+„¸\~‚m
~„x+2*~‚m*~‚c
ly, from the original position of the cursor (to the 
e denominator of π2/2), we can use the keystroke 
, interpreted as (‚ ‘ ).
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜
⎝
⎛ ∆⋅+
⋅+ −
3/1
2
3
2
θ
µλ µ yxLNe
~„y———/~‚tQ1/3
This results in the output:
In this example we
(~„x), severa
combination of 
(~‚c~„y
letter, you need to use
want to enter. Also, 
CHARS menu (…±
combination that pro
keystroke combination
For additional info
simplifying algebraic
guide.
Organizing d
You can organize d
directory tree. The b
directory described n
The HOME dire
To get to the HOME d
as needed -- until the
display header. Alte
HOME directory cont
the variables in the so
SG49A.book Page 8 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 2-8
 used several lower-case English letters, e.g., x 
l Greek letters, e.g., λ(~‚n), and even a 
Greek and English letters, namely, ∆y
). Keep in mind that to enter a lower-case English 
 the combination: ~„ followed by the letter you 
you can always copy special characters by using the 
) if you don’t want to memorize the keystroke 
duces it. A listing of commonly used ~‚
s is listed in Appendix D of the user’s guide.
rmation on editing, evaluating, factoring, and 
 expressions see Chapter 2 of the calculator’s user’s 
ata in the calculator
ata in your calculator by storing variables in a 
asis of the calculator’s directory tree is the HOME 
ext.
ctory
irectory, press the UPDIR function („§) -- repeat 
 {HOME} spec is shown in the second line of the 
rnatively, use „ (hold) §. For this example, the 
ains nothing but the CASDIR. Pressing J will show 
ft menu keys:
Page 2-9
Subdirectories
To store your data in a well organized directory tree you may want to 
create subdirectories under the HOME directory, and more subdirectories 
within subdirectories, in a hierarchy of directories similar to folders in 
modern computers. The subdirectories will be given names that may reflect 
the contents of each subdirectory, or any arbitrary name that you can think 
off. For details on manipulation of directories see Chapter 2 in the 
calculator’s user’s gu
Variables
Variables are similar 
store one object (nu
matrices, programs, e
can be any combina
with a letter (either E
such as the arrow (→
an alphabetical chara
not. Valid examples
‘AB12’, ‘�A12’, ’Vel
A variable can not h
Some of the reserv
ALRMDAT, CST, EQ
PRTPAR, VPAR, ZPAR,
Variables can be or
calculator’s user’s gu
Typing variable
To name variables, y
may or may not be c
you can lock the alph
~~ locks the a
this fashion, pressing
letter, while pressing 
character. If the alph
lock it in lower case, 
~~„~ loc
locked in this fashion
upper case letter. To
SG49A.book Page 9 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
ide.
to files on a computer hard drive. One variable can 
merical values, algebraic expressions, lists, vectors, 
tc). Variables are referred to by their names, which 
tion of alphabetic and numerical characters, starting 
nglish or Greek). Some non-alphabetic characters, 
) can be used in a variable name, if combined with 
cter. Thus, ‘→A’ is a valid variable name, but ‘→’ is 
 of variable names are: ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘α’, ‘β’, ‘A1’, 
’, ’Z0’, ’z1’, etc.
ave the same name as a function of the calculator. 
ed calculator variable names are the following: 
, EXPR, IERR, IOPAR, MAXR, MINR, PICT, PPAR, 
 der_, e, i, n1,n2, …, s1, s2, …, ΣDAT, ΣPAR, π, ∞.
ganized into sub-directories (see Chapter 2 in the 
ide).
 names 
ou will have to type strings of letters at once, which 
ombined with numbers. To type strings of characters 
abetic keyboard as follows:
lphabetic keyboard in upper case. When locked in 
 the „ before a letter key produces a lower case 
the ‚ key before a letter key produces a special 
abetic keyboard is already locked in upper case, to 
type, „~.
ks the alphabetic keyboard in lower case. When 
, pressing the „ before a letter key produces an 
 unlock lower case, press „~.
To unlock the upper-case locked keyboard, press ~.
Try the following exercises:
~~math`
~~m„a„t„h`
~~m„~at„h`
The calculator display will show the following (left-hand side is Algebraic 
mode, right-hand side
Creating variab
The simplest way to c
examples are used to
J if needed to see
Algebraic mode
To store the value of
~‚a. AT this p
Press ` to create 
menu key labels when
Name
α
A12
Q
R
z1
p1
SG49A.book Page 10 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 2-10
 is RPN mode):
 
les
reate a variable is by using the K. The following 
 store the variables listed in the following table (Press 
 variables menu):
 –0.25 into variable α: 0.25\K 
oint, the screen will look as follows:
the variable. The variable is now shown in the soft 
 you press J:
Contents Type
-0.25 real
3×105 real
‘r/(m+r)' algebraic
[3,2,1] vector
3+5i complex
 <<→ r 'π*r^2' >> program
Page 2-11
The following are the keystrokes for entering the remaining variables: 
A12: 3V5K~a12`
Q: ~„r/„
~„m+~„
R: „Ô3‚í
z1: 3+5*
Complex mode if ask
p1: å‚é~
~„rQ2™
The screen, at this po
You will see six of th
p1, z1, R, Q, A12, a
RPN mode
(Use H\@@OK@@ to
to store the value o
~‚a`. At t
With –0.25 on the le
you can use the K 
in the soft menu key l
Ü
r™™K~q`
2‚í1™K~r`
„¥K~„z1` (Accept change to
ed).
„r³„ì*
™™K~„p1`.
int, will look as follows:
e seven variables listed at the bottom of the screen:
.
 change to RPN mode). Use the following keystrokes
f –0.25 into variable α: .25\`³
his point, the screen will look as follows:
vel 2 of the stack and 'α' on the level 1 of the stack,
key to create the variable. The variable is now shown
abels when you press J:
To enter the value 3×105 into A12, we can use a shorter version of the 
procedure: 3V5³~a12`K
Here is a way to enter the contents of Q:
Q: ~„r/„
 ~„m+~„
To enter the value 
procedure:
R: „Ô3#2
Notice that to separa
the space key (#)
Algebraic mode. 
z1: ³3+5
p1: ‚å‚é
~„rQ2™
The screen, at this po
You will see six of th
p1, z1, R, Q, A12, α
SG49A.book Page 12 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 2-12
Ü
r™™³~q`K
of R, we can use an even shorter version of the 
#1™ ³~rK
te the elements of a vector in RPN mode we can use 
, rather than the comma (‚í) used above in 
*„¥³~„z1K
~„r³„ì*
™™³~„p1™`K.
int, will look as follows:
e seven variables listed at the bottom of the screen: 
.
Page 2-13
Checking variables contents
The simplest way to check a variable content is by pressing the soft menu 
key label for the variable. For example, for the variables listed above, 
press the following keys to see the contents of the variables:
Algebraic mode
Type these keystrokes: J@@z1@@ ` @@@R@@ `@@@Q@@@ `. At this point, the 
screen looks as follow
RPN mode
In RPN mode, you o
label to get the conte
under consideration, 
α, created above, as 
At this point, the scre
Using the right-sh
In Algebraic mode, y
J@ and then t
examples:
J‚@
NOTE: In RPN mod
the corresponding s
SG49A.book Page 13 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
s:
nly need to press the correspondingsoft menu key 
nts of a numerical or algebraic variable. For the case 
we can try peeking into the variables z1, R, Q, A12, 
follows: J@@z1@@ @@@R@@ @@@Q@@ @@A12@@ @@»@@ 
en looks like this:
ift key followed by soft menu key labels
ou can display the content of a variable by pressing 
he corresponding soft menu key. Try the following 
@p1@@ ‚ @@z1@@ ‚ @@@R@@ ‚@@@Q@@ ‚ @@A12@@ 
e, you don’t need to press @ (just J and then 
oft menu key.)
This produces the following screen (Algebraic mode in the left, RPN in the 
right)
Notice that this time t
see the remaining var
Listing the content
Use the keystroke com
in the screen. For exa
Press $ to return to
Deleting variab
The simplest way of 
function can be acce
using the FILES menu 
Using function PU
Our variable list con
command PURGE to 
The screen will now s
SG49A.book Page 14 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 2-14
 
he contents of program p1 are listed in the screen. To 
iables in this directory, press L.
s of all variables in the screen
bination ‚˜ to list the contents of all variables 
mple:
 normal calculator display.
les
deleting variables is by using function PURGE. This 
ssed directly by using the TOOLS menu (I), or by 
„¡@@OK@@ .
RGE in the stack in Algebraic mode
tains variables p1, z1, Q, R, and α. We will use 
delete variable p1. Press I @PURGE@ J @@p1@@ `. 
how variable p1 removed:
Page 2-15
You can use the PURGE command to erase more than one variable by 
placing their names in a list in the argument of PURGE. For example, if 
now we wanted to purge variables R and Q, simultaneously, we can try 
the following exercise. Press :
I @PURGE@ „ä³J @@@R!@@ ™‚í³J @@@Q!@@
At this point, the screen will show the following command ready to be 
executed:
To finish deleting the
remaining variables:
Using function PU
Assuming that our va
We will use comman
I @PURGE@. The scre
To delete two variabl
a list (in RPN mode,
commas as in Algeb
 J 
Then, press I@PURG
Additional informatio
of the calculator’s use
SG49A.book Page 15 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
 variables, press `. The screen will now show the 
RGE in the stack in RPN mode
riable list contains the variables p1, z1, Q, R, and α. 
d PURGE to delete variable p1. Press ³ @@p1@@ ` 
en will now show variable p1 removed:
es simultaneously, say variables R and Q, first create 
 the elements of the list need not be separated by 
raic mode):
„ä³ @@@R!@@ ™³ @@@Q!@@ `
E@ use to purge the variables.
n on variable manipulation is available in Chapter 2 
r’s guide.
UNDO and CMD functions
Functions UNDO and CMD are useful for recovering recent commands, or 
to revert an operation if a mistake was made. These functions are 
associated with the HIST key: UNDO results from the keystroke sequence 
‚¯, while CMD results from the keystroke sequence „®.
CHOOSE boxes vs. Soft MENU
In some of the exercis
of commands display
CHOOSE boxes. He
boxes to Soft MENUs
Although not applied
two options for menus
In this exercise, we u
directory. The steps a
„°˜
@@OK@@ ˜˜˜˜
@@OK@@ ——
SG49A.book Page 16 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 2-16
es presented in this chapter we have seen menu lists 
ed in the screen. These menu lists are referred to as 
rein we indicate the way to change from CHOOSE 
, and vice versa, through an exercise.
 to a specific example, the present exercise shows the 
 in the calculator (CHOOSE boxes and soft MENUs). 
se the ORDER command to reorder variables in a 
re shown for Algebraic mode.
Show PROG menu list and select MEMORY
Show the MEMORY menu list and select 
DIRECTORY
Show the DIRECTORY menu list and select ORDER
Page 2-17
There is an alternativ
setting system flag 11
in the calculator’s use
H
The screen shows flag
Press the soft 
will reflect that chang
Press @@OK@@ twice to re
Now, we’ll try to fin
those used above, i.e
menu list, we get sof
menu, i.e.,
@@OK@@
SG49A.book Page 17 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
e way to access these menus as soft MENU keys, by 
7. (For information on Flags see Chapters 2 and 24 
r’s guide). To set this flag try the following:
@FLAGS! ———————
 117 not set (CHOOSE boxes), as shown here:
menu key to set flag 117 to soft MENU. The screen 
e:
turn to normal calculator display.
d the ORDER command using similar keystrokes to 
., we start with „°. Notice that instead of a 
t menu labels with the different options in the PROG 
activate the ORDER command
Press B to select the MEMORY soft menu ()@@MEM@@). The display now 
shows:
Press E to select th
The ORDER command
key to find it:
To activate the ORDE
References
For additional informa
display or in the Equ
guide. For CAS (Com
the calculator’s user’s
the calculator’s user’s
NOTE: most of th
current setting of fla
have set the flag bu
you should clear the
SG49A.book Page 18 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 2-18
e DIRECTORY soft menu ()@@DIR@@)
 is not shown in this screen. To find it we use the L
R command we press the C(@ORDER) soft menu key.
tion on entering and manipulating expressions in the 
ation Writer see Chapter 2 of the calculator’s user’s 
puter Algebraic System) settings, see Appendix C in 
 guide. For information on Flags see, Chapter 24 in 
 guide.
e examples in this user manual assume that the 
g 117 is its default setting (that is, not set). If you 
t want to strictly follow the examples in this manual, 
 flag before continuing.
Page 3-1
Chapter 3
Calculations with real numbers
This chapter demonstrates the use of the calculator for operations and 
functions related to real numbers. The user should be acquainted with the 
keyboard to identify certain functions available in the keyboard (e.g., SIN, 
COS, TAN, etc.). Also, it is assumed that the reader knows how to change 
the calculator’s oper
boxes (Chapter 1), a
Examples of r
To perform real numb
Real (as opposed to 
most operations. The
mode.
Some operations with
• Use the \ key f
For example, in A
In RPN mode, e.g
• Use the Ykey to
For example, in A
In RPN mode use 
• For addition, subtr
operation key, nam
Examples in ALG 
3
6
4
2
Examples in RPN 
3
6
4
2
Alternatively, in RP
space (#) befor
3
SG49A.book Page 1 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
ating system (Chapter 1), use menus and choose 
nd operate with variables (Chapter 2). 
eal number calculations
er calculations it is preferred to have the CAS set to 
Complex) mode. Exact mode is the default mode for 
refore, you may want to start your calculations in this 
 real numbers are illustrated next:
or changing sign of a number. 
LG mode, \2.5`. 
., 2.5\.
 calculate the inverse of a number. 
LG mode, Y2`. 
4Y.
action, multiplication, division, use the proper 
ely, +-*/. 
mode:
.7+5.2`
.3-8.5`
.2*2.5`
.3/4.5`
mode:
.7` 5.2+
.3` 8.5-
.2` 2.5*
.3` 4.5/
N mode, you can separate the operands with a 
e pressing the operator key. Examples:
.7#5.2+
6.3#8.5-
4.2#2.5*
2.3#4.5/
• Parentheses („Ü) can be used to group operations, as well as to 
enclose arguments of functions. 
In ALG mode: 
„Ü5+3.2™/„Ü7-
In RPN mode, you
directly on the stac
5`3
In RPN mode, typi
you to enter the ex
³„
„
For both, ALG and
‚O5+
The expression ca
—
• The absolute value
Example in ALG m
„
Example in RPN m
• The square functio
Example in ALG m
Example in RPN m
The square root fu
calculating in the 
argument, e.g.,
In RPN mode, ente
SG49A.book Page 2 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 3-2
2.2`
 do not need the parenthesis, calculation is done 
k:
.2+7`2.2-/
ng the expression between single quotes will allow 
pressionlike in algebraic mode:
Ü5+3.2™/
Ü7-2.2`µ
 RPN modes, using the Equation Writer:
3.2™/7-2.2
n be evaluated within the Equation writer, by using 
———@EVAL@ or, ‚—@EVAL@
 function, ABS, is available through „Ê. 
ode:
Ê\2.32`
ode:
2.32\„Ê
n, SQ, is available through „º. 
ode:
„º\2.3`
ode:
2.3\„º
nction, √, is available through the R key. When 
stack in ALG mode, enter the function before the 
R123.4`
r the number first, then the function, e.g., 
123.4R
Page 3-3
• The power function, ^, is available through the Q key. When 
calculating in the stack in ALG mode, enter the base (y) followed by the 
Q key, and then the exponent (x), e.g.,
5.2Q1.25`
In RPN mode, enter the number first, then the function, e.g.,
5.2`1.25Q
• The root function, XROOT(y,x), is available through the keystroke 
combination ‚»
enter the function 
by commas, e.g.,
‚
In RPN mode, ente
function call, e.g.,
• Logarithms of bas
‚Ã (function
antilogarithm) is c
function is entered
In RPN mode, the
Using powers o
Powers of ten, i.e., n
using the V key. F
\
Or, in RPN mode:
4
• Natural logarithm
the exponential fu
mode, the function
In RPN mode, the
SG49A.book Page 3 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
. When calculating in the stack in ALG mode, 
XROOT followed by the arguments (y,x), separated 
»3‚í27`
r the argument y, first, then, x, and finally the 
27`3‚»
e 10 are calculated by the keystroke combination 
 LOG) while its inverse function (ALOG, or 
alculated by using „Â. In ALG mode, the 
 before the argument:
‚Ã2.45`
„Â\2.3`
 argument is entered before the function
2.45‚Ã
2.3\„Â
f 10 in entering data
umbers of the form -4.5 ×10-2, etc., are entered by 
or example, in ALG mode:
4.5V\2`
.5\V2\`
s are calculated by using ‚¹ (function LN) while 
nction (EXP) is calculated by using „¸. In ALG 
 is entered before the argument:
‚¹2.45`
„¸\2.3`
 argument is entered before the function
2.45`‚¹
2.3\`„¸
• Three trigonometric functions are readily available in the keyboard: sine 
(S), cosine (T), and tangent (U). Arguments of these functions 
are angles in either degrees, radians, grades. The following examples 
use angles in degrees (DEG): 
In ALG mode:
In RPN mode:
• The inverse trigono
arcsine („¼)
The answer from t
measure (DEG, RA
In ALG mode:
In RPN mode:
All the functions desc
ALOG, LN, EXP, SIN,
with the fundamental 
expressions. The E
Chapter 2, is ideal
calculator operation m
SG49A.book Page 4 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 3-4
S30`
T45`
U135`
30S
45T
135U
metric functions available in the keyboard are the 
, arccosine („¾), and arctangent („À). 
hese functions will be given in the selected angular 
D, GRD). Some examples are shown next: 
„¼0.25`
„¾0.85`
„À1.35`
0.25„¼
0.85„¾
1.35„À
ribed above, namely, ABS, SQ, √, ^, XROOT, LOG, 
 COS, TAN, ASIN, ACOS, ATAN, can be combined 
operations (+-*/) to form more complex 
quation Writer, whose operations is described in 
 for building such expressions, regardless of the 
ode.
Page 3-5
Real number functions in the MTH menu
The MTH („´) menu include a number of mathematical functions 
mostly applicable to real numbers. With the default setting of CHOOSE 
boxes for system flag 117 (see Chapter 2), the MTH menu shows the 
following functions:
The functions are gro
3. lists, 7. probability,
5. real, 6. base, 8. 
constants available in
In general, be aware
for each function, an
first the function and
should enter the argu
Using calculato
1. We will describe i
section with the in
calculator menus. 
different options.
2. To quickly select o
CHOOSE box), si
For example, to se
simply press 4.
Hyperbolic func
Selecting Option 4. H
produces the hyperbo
SG49A.book Page 5 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
 
uped by th type of argument (1. vectors, 2. matrices, 
 9. complex) or by the type of function (4. hyperbolic, 
fft). It also contains an entry for the mathematical 
 the calculator, entry 10.
 of the number and order of the arguments required 
d keep in mind that, in ALG mode you should select 
 then enter the argument, while in RPN mode, you 
ment in the stack first, and then select the function. 
r menus
n detail the use of the 4. HYPERBOLIC.. menu in this 
tention of describing the general operation of 
 Pay close attention to the process for selecting 
ne of the numbered options in a menu list (or 
mply press the number for the option in the keyboard. 
lect option 4. HYPERBOLIC.. in the MTH menu, 
tions and their inverses
YPERBOLIC.. , in the MTH menu, and pressing @@OK@@, 
lic function menu:
 
For example, in ALG
tanh(2.5), is the follow
„´
In the RPN mode, 
following:
2.
The operations shown
for system flag 117 (
this flag (see Chapte
follows (left-hand side
Pressing L shows t
Thus, to select, for ex
format press )@@HYP@ , to
SG49A.book Page 6 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 3-6
 mode, the keystroke sequence to calculate, say, 
ing:
4@@OK@@ 5@@OK@@ 2.5`
the keystrokes to perform this calculation are the 
5`„´4@@OK@@ 5@@OK@@ 
 above assume that you are using the default setting 
CHOOSE boxes). If you have changed the setting of 
r 2) to SOFT menu, the MTH menu will show as 
 in ALG mode, right – hand side in RPN mode):
 
he remaining options:
 
ample, the hyperbolic functions menu, with this menu 
 produce: 
 
Page 3-7
Finally, in order to select, for example, the hyperbolic tangent (tanh) 
function, simply press @@TANH@.
For example, to calculate tanh(2.5), in the ALG mode, when using SOFT 
menus over CHOOSE boxes, follow this procedure:
„
In RPN mode, the sam
2
As an exercise of ap
values:
Operations w
Numbers in the calcu
possible to calculate
produce a result with
The UNITS men
The units menu 
‚Û(associated 
CHOOSE boxes, the 
NOTE: To see additional options in these soft menus, press the L
key or the „«keystroke sequence.
SINH (2.5) =
COSH (2.5)
TANH(2.5) =
EXPM(2.0) =
SG49A.book Page 7 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
´@@HYP@ @@TANH@ 2.5`
e value is calculated using:
.5`„´ )@@HYP@ @@TANH@
plications of hyperbolic functions, verify the following 
ith units
lator can have units associated with them. Thus, it is 
 results involving a consistent system of units and 
 the appropriate combination of units.
u
is launched by the keystroke combination 
with the 6 key). With system flag 117 set to 
result is the following menu:
 
 6.05020.. ASINH(2.0) = 1.4436…
 = 6.13228.. ACOSH (2.0) = 1.3169…
 0.98661.. ATANH(0.2) = 0.2027…
 6.38905…. LNP1(1.0) = 0.69314….
Option 1. Tools.. con
later). Options 2. Le
number of units for
selecting option 8. Fo
The user will recogniz
very often nowadays)
dynes, gf = grams – f
a unit of mass), kip =
distinguish from poun
To attach a unit obje
underscore. Thus, a f
For extensive operatio
way of attaching un
Chapter 2), and us
following menus. Pre
SG49A.book Page 8 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 3-8
tains functions used to operate on units (discussed 
ngth.. through 17.Viscosity.. contain menus with a 
 each of the quantities described. For example, 
rce.. shows the following units menu:
 
e most of these units (some, e.g., dyne, are not used 
 from his or her physics classes: N = newtons, dyn = 
orce (to distinguish from gram-mass, or plainly gram, 
 kilo-poundal (1000 pounds), lbf = pound-force (to 
d-mass), pdl = poundal.
ct to a number, the number must be followed by an 
orce of 5 N will be entered as 5_N.
ns with units SOFT menus provide a more convenient 
its. Change system flag 117 to SOFT menus (see 
e the keystroke combination ‚Û to get the 
ss Lto move to the next menu page.
 
Page 3-9
Pressing on the appropriate soft menu key will open the sub-menu of units 
for that particular selection. For example, for the @)SPEED sub-menu, the 
following units are available:
Pressing the soft menu
Recall that you can a
‚˜, e.g., for the
Available units
For a complete list o
user’s guide.
Attaching units
To attach a unit obje
underscore (‚Ý
5_N. 
Here is the sequence
flag 117 set to CHOO
5
To enter this same q
following keystrokes:
NOTE: Use the 
navigate through th
NOTE: If you forge
where N here repre
SG49A.book Page 9 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
 
 key @)UNITS will take you back to the UNITS menu.
lways list the full menu labels in the screen by using 
 @)ENRG set of units the following labels will be listed:
 
f available units see Chapter 3 in the calculator’s 
 to numbers
ct to a number, the number must be followed by an 
, key(8,5)). Thus, a force of 5 N will be entered as 
 of steps to enter this number in ALG mode, system 
SE boxes:
‚Ý‚Û8@@OK@@ @@OK@@ `
uantity, with the calculator in RPN mode, use the 
L key or the „«keystroke sequence to 
e menus.
t the underscore, the result is the expression 5*N, 
sents a possible variable name and not Newtons.
5‚Û8@@OK@@ @@OK@@
Notice that the underscore is entered automatically when the RPN mode is 
active.
The keystroke sequences to enter units when the SOFT menu option is 
selected, in both ALG and RPN modes, are illustrated next. For example, 
in ALG mode, to enter the quantity 5_N use:
5‚Ý‚ÛL @)@FORCE @@@N@@ `
The same quantity, en
Unit prefixes
You can enter prefixe
from the SI system. T
name, and by the e
prefix:
(*) In the SI system, t
calculator, however.
To enter these prefixe
example, to enter 123
NOTE: You can en
units with the ~k
entry: 5_N
Prefix Name
Y yotta
Z zetta
E exa
P peta
T tera
G giga
M mega
k,K kilo
h,H hecto
D(*) deka
SG49A.book Page 10 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 3-10
tered in RPN mode uses the following keystrokes:
5‚ÛL @)@FORCE @@@N@@
s for units according to the following table of prefixes 
he prefix abbreviation is shown first, followed by its 
xponent x in the factor 10x corresponding to each 
his prefix is da rather than D. Use D for deka in the 
s, simply type the prefix using the ~ keyboard. For 
 pm (picometer), use:
ter a quantity with units by typing the underline and 
eyboard, e.g., 5‚Ý~n will produce the 
x Prefix Name x
+24 d deci -1
+21 c centi -2
+18 m milli -3
+15 µ micro -6
+12 n nano -9
+9 p pico -12
+6 f femto -15
+3 a atto -18
+2 z zepto -21
+1 y yocto -24
Page 3-11
123‚Ý~„p~„m
Using UBASE (type the name) to convert to the default unit (1 m) results in:
 
Operations with
Here are some calcu
warned that, when m
enclosed each quanti
for example, the 
(12.5_m)*(5.2_yd) `
which shows as 65_
function UBASE (find 
To calculate a divisio
which transformed to 
NOTE: Recall tha
keystroke combinati
SG49A.book Page 11 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
 units
lation examples using the ALG operating mode. Be 
ultiplying or dividing quantities with units, you must 
ty with its units between parentheses. Thus, to enter, 
product 12.5m × 5.2 yd, type it to read 
:
(m⋅yd). To convert to units of the SI system, use 
it using the command catalog, ‚N): 
n, say, 3250 mi / 50 h, enter it as 
(3250_mi)/(50_h) `
SI units, with function UBASE, produces:
t the ANS(1) variable is available through the 
on „î(associated with the ` key).
Addition and subtraction can be performed, in ALG mode, without using 
parentheses, e.g., 5 m + 3200 mm, can be entered simply as 
5_m + 3200_mm `.
More complicated expression require the use of parentheses, e.g., 
(12_mm)*(1_cm^2)/(2_s) `:
Stack calculations in the RPN mode do not require you to enclose the 
different terms in pare
3
These operations prod
Unit conversion
The UNITS menu c
following functions:
Examples of function 
UNIT/TOOLS function
guide.
For example, to conve
CONVERT(x,y) conv
UBASE(x) conv
UVAL(x) extra
UFACT(x,y) facto
�UNIT(x,y) comb
SG49A.book Page 12 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 3-12
ntheses, e.g., 
12 @@@m@@@ `1.5 @@yd@@ `*
250 @@mi@@ `50 @@@h@@@ `/
uce the following output:
s
ontains a TOOLS sub-menu, which provides the 
CONVERT are shown below. Examples of the other 
s are available in Chapter 3 of the calculator’s user’s 
rt 33 watts to btu’s use either of the following entries:
CONVERT(33_W,1_hp) `
CONVERT(33_W,11_hp) `
ert unit object x to units of object y
ert unit object x to SI units
ct the value from unit object x
rs a unit y from unit object x
ines value of x with units of y
Page 3-13
Physical constants in the calculator
The calculator’s physical constants are contained in a constants library
activated with the command CONLIB. To launch this command you could 
simply type it in the stack: ~~conlib`, or, you can select 
the command CONLIB from the command catalog, as follows: First, 
launch the catalog by using: ‚N~c. Next, use the up and down 
arrow keys —˜ to select CONLIB. Finally, press @@OK@@. Press `, if 
needed. Use the up 
the list of constants in
The soft menu keys 
include the following 
(*) Activated only if th
This is the way the to
option VALUE is selec
To see the values of t
the @ENGL option:
SI when
ENGL when
(*)
UNIT when
VALUE when
�STK copie
QUIT exit co
SG49A.book Page 13 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
and down arrow keys (—˜) to navigate through 
 your calculator.
corresponding to this CONSTANTS LIBRARY screen 
functions:
e VALUE option is selected.
p of the CONSTANTS LIBRARY screen looks when the 
ted (units in the SI system):
he constants in the English (or Imperial) system, press 
 selected, constants values are shown in SI units (*)
 selected, constants values are shown in English units 
 selected, constants are shown with units attached (*)
 selected, constants are shown without units
s value (with or without units) to the stack
nstants library
If we de-select the UN
(English units selected
To copy the value of 
@²STK, then, press @QUI
look like this:
The display shows w
here, Vm, is the tag
number will ignore th
which produces:
The same operation 
(after the value of Vm
SG49A.book Page 14 Friday, September 16, 2005 1:31 PM
Page 3-14
ITS option (press @UNITS ) only the values are shown 
 in this case):
Vm to the stack, select the variable name, and press 
T@. For the calculator set to the ALG, the screen will 
hat is called a tagged value, Vm:359.0394. In 
 of this result. Any arithmetic operation with this 
e tag. Try, for example:
‚¹2*„î`
in RPN mode will require the following keystrokes 
 was extracted from the constants library):
2`*‚¹
Page 3-15
Defining and using functions
Users can define their own functions by using the DEFINE command
available thought the keystroke sequence „à (associated with the
2 key). The function must be entered in the following format:
Function_name(arguments) = expression_containing_arguments
For example, we could define a simple function 
Suppose that you ha
discrete values and, t
and get the result yo
right-hand side for e
assume you have set
sequence of keystroke
„à³
‚¹~„
The screen will look li
Press the J key, an
soft menu key (@@@H@@). 
The screen will show 
Thus, the variable H c
This is a simple pro
calculator. This prog
20 and 21 in the cal
Ch03_RealNumbersQS.fm Page 15 Friday, February 24, 2006 6:19 PM
H(x) = ln(x+1) + exp(-x)
ve a need to evaluate this function for a number of
herefore, you want to be able to press a single button
u want without having to type the expression in the
ach