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( ) Economic Sociology 
 
12. Which sociological theory argues that social inequality is a necessary component of 
society, as it motivates individuals to work harder and strive for success, thus contributing 
to overall social progress and economic growth? 
( ) Conflict Theory 
( ) Feminist Theory 
( ) Social Constructionism 
( x ) Functionalism 
( ) Critical Theory 
 
13. In the context of race and ethnicity studies, which concept refers to the social 
construction of racial categories, emphasizing that race is not a biological fact but rather a 
social phenomenon shaped by historical and cultural contexts? 
( ) Racialization 
( ) Ethnic Identity 
( ) Prejudice 
( x ) Social Constructivism 
( ) Discrimination 
 
14. When analyzing the role of education in society, which sociological perspective 
emphasizes the ways in which educational institutions can perpetuate social inequalities 
through tracking, funding disparities, and access to resources? 
( ) Functionalism 
( ) Symbolic Interactionism 
( x ) Conflict Theory 
( ) Human Capital Theory 
( ) Social Capital Theory 
 
15. In the study of social networks, which term describes the connections and 
relationships between individuals or groups, often highlighting how these connections can 
influence access to resources, information, and social capital? 
( ) Social Cohesion 
( ) Social Stratification 
( x ) Social Capital 
( ) Social Integration 
( ) Social Isolation 
 
16. Which sociological concept refers to the process by which individuals learn and 
internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of their culture, often beginning in early 
childhood and continuing throughout life? 
( ) Socialization 
( x ) Cultural Transmission 
( ) Social Learning 
( ) Cultural Assimilation 
( ) Social Reproduction 
 
17. In the context of political sociology, which term describes the ways in which power is 
distributed and exercised within a society, often focusing on the relationships between 
different social groups and institutions? 
( ) Authority 
( ) Legitimacy 
( ) Governance 
( x ) Power Dynamics 
( ) Political Culture 
 
18. When examining the phenomenon of social change, which term refers to the gradual 
transformation of societal norms, values, and structures over time, often influenced by 
technological advancements, cultural shifts, and social movements? 
( ) Social Evolution 
( x ) Social Progress 
( ) Social Revolution 
( ) Social Transformation 
( ) Social Innovation 
 
19. In the study of family structures, which term refers to a family unit consisting of two 
parents and their biological or adopted children, often considered the traditional family 
model in many societies? 
( ) Extended Family 
( ) Blended Family 
( x ) Nuclear Family 
( ) Single-Parent Family 
( ) Childless Family 
 
20. Which sociological perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding the 
subjective meanings and interpretations that individuals attach to their social 
experiences, often focusing on the role of language and symbols in shaping social reality? 
( ) Structural Functionalism 
( ) Conflict Theory 
( x ) Symbolic Interactionism 
( ) Feminist Theory 
( ) Postmodernism 
 
21. In the context of social inequality, which term refers to the systematic disadvantage 
experienced by certain groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, class, or 
sexuality, often leading to disparities in access to resources and opportunities? 
( ) Discrimination 
( ) Prejudice 
( ) Social Stratification 
( x ) Social Inequality 
( ) Marginalization 
 
22. When analyzing the role of religion in society, which sociological perspective views 
religion as a source of social cohesion and stability, providing individuals with a sense of 
belonging and shared values? 
( ) Conflict Theory 
( x ) Functionalism 
( ) Symbolic Interactionism 
( ) Secularization Theory 
( ) Postmodernism