ingles aula 7

Prévia do material em texto

CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
 -1- 
 
AULA 7 
WARM UP FOR THE MOCK TEST 
 
Pre-testing Vocabulary 
No quadro seguinte você encontra transparent words associadas a outras não 
tão evidentes. Faça o skimming do texto e, sem dicionário, traduza-as. 
 
A B 
1. manufacturing company 
2. personal care 
3. a new campaign 
4. new brand logo 
5. an integral part 
6. the company’s packaging 
7. different icons 
8. consumer benefits 
9. competitive advantage 
10. the company’s future policy 
 
Text 1: Unilever’s brand new identity 
 
 The UK based global foods and home and 
personal care products manufacturing company recently 
announced the launch of a new mission entitled 
‘Vitality’ as the base of its future policy. 
 Central to the new direction are a Mission 5 
Statement and logo. The new Mission reads, 
“Unilever’s mission is to add vitality to life. We meet 
the everyday needs for nutrition, hygiene, and personal 
care with brands that help people feel good, look good 
and get more out of life.” 10 
 Although the new brand logo forms an integral part of Unilever’s new 
campaign, which was officially launched in May, it did not appear on the 
company’s packaging until 1 July. The new logo tells the story of Unilever and 
vitality. It brings together 25 different icons representing Unilever and its 
brands, the idea of vitality and the benefits we bring to consumers and the world 15 
we operate in. 
 “Our mission is full of promise for the future, opening up exciting 
opportunities where we have competitive advantage for developing our business 
and our new logo will help us confidently identify ourselves in every aspect of 
our business,” explained Antony Burgmans and Niall Fitzgerald, the Chairmen 20 
of Unilever worldwide. (From Britain Brasil magazine, p.7, July /August 2004) 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -2- 
 
Faça o intensive reading do texto 1 antes de responder as questões abaixo 
que bem poderiam estar no mock text (=teste simulado) ao final do curso. 
Procure aplicar todas as técnicas já estudadas. No final desta aula dou as 
respostas. Good Luck! 
 
READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS 
 
Choose the best option: 
 
1. According to the author, two items are central to the company’s future policy 
a) add vitality to life and personal care. 
b) help people feel good and nutrition. 
c) a mission statement and a new logo. 
d) a vital mission and consumer benefits. 
e) promise for the future and hygiene. 
 
2. ‘Although’ (L-10) at the beginning of the third paragraph indicates 
a) concession and could be replaced by though. 
b) result and could be replaced by therefore. 
c) purpose and could be replaced by thus 
d) addition and could be replaced by furthermore. 
e) comparison and could be substituted by likewise. 
 
3.The Chairmen of Unilever, in their statement, expressed 
a) concern about consumers’ acceptance of the company’s policy. 
b) renewed promised for the company’s clients. 
c) doubts about the acceptance of the new logo. 
d) optimism about the future of the company. 
e) confidence in the company’s icons. 
 
4. In the text, the word that is a synonym of ‘declaration’ is 
a) policy. 
b) brands. 
c) logo. 
d) launch. 
e) statement. 
 
5. In the 3rd paragraph the pronoun ‘it’ (L-12) refers to 
a) new campaign. 
b) company’s packaging. 
c) the brand logo. 
d) an integral part. 
e) different icon. 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -3- 
 
 Se você tivesse que fazer a busca das palavras transparentes, das palavras 
com formação prefixal e sufixal das collocations e tudo o mais que vimos 
estudando você as encontraria no texto a seguir. Mas, gostaria que first and 
foremost você fizesse o vocabulary pre-test. 
 
A B 
1. take a strong pride in a. ( ) sua população crescente 
2. standing witness to b. ( ) até onde a vista alcança 
3. one truck stop c. ( ) novos pólos econômicos 
4. with a banner saying d. ( ) alguma vegetação rasteira 
5. patches of stunted growth e. ( ) os produtores indicam 
6. as far as the eyes can see f. ( ) a moderna cidade se gaba 
7. its growing population g. ( ) tem um grande orgulho de 
8. new economic hubs. h. ( ) são o testemunho de 
9. producers point out as i. ( ) parada de caminhões 
10. the modern town boasts j. ( ) com uma faixa dizendo 
 
Text 2: Primavera do Leste 
 
 Most towns or cities in Brazil usually take a strong pride in their historic 
past and have at least a few old buildings or monuments standing witness to 
earlier days. But in Primavera do Leste, a booming agribusiness town 230 
kilometers east of Mato Grosso’s state capital, Cuiabá, the oldest historic 
landmark you will find is a common filling station and truck stop with a banner 5 
saying: “Where it all began”. 
 Where a few years ago there was virtually nothing but dust-covered 
savanna and patches of stunted growth, thousands of acres of soy and cotton 
fields now spread out as far as the eye can see, earning millions of dollars on 
world markets and turning the still small city into one of Brazil’s latest new 10 
economic hubs. Regional roads and telecommunications, however, are two 
aspects local entrepreneurs and producers point out as very precarious, forming 
obstacles to further growth seriously affecting production and marketing costs. 
 Founded only 17 years ago, everything in Primavera, as it is usually 
referred to, is new - from its modern architecture to its growing population. 15 
Only the very young can proudly say they were born here. Valentim 
Martignano, one of the district’s oldest pioneers arrived here from Paraná state 
some 22 years ago, “All I saw was a gas station, a general store six houses and a 
lot of dust,” he recalls. Today the modern town boasts 50,000 inhabitants, and 
projections by the Brazilian institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) are of 20 
a population of 100,000 in five years’ time. (From UPDATE, by William Vanvolsen, 
p.24, May/2003, American Chamber of Commerce publication) 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -4- 
 
 
EXPLOITATION OF TEXT 2 
 
1. Retire do texto 3 exemplos com verbos no past simple 
___________________________________________________________________________ 
 
2. Retire do texto 3 exemplos com verbos no present simple 
___________________________________________________________________________ 
 
3. Retire do texto 1 exemplo com verbo no future simple 
___________________________________________________________________________ 
 
4. Retire do texto locuções (collocations) formadas por adjective + noun 
___________________________________________________________________________ 
___________________________________________________________________________ 
 
5. Retire do texto locuções (collocations) formadas por noun + noun 
___________________________________________________________________________ 
___________________________________________________________________________ 
 
6. O que a palavra ‘however’ (L-11) está indicando mo discourse marker? 
___________________________________________________________________________ 
 
7. De que outra forma se pode escrever o seguinte fragmento do texto: 
‘Founded only 17 years ago ...” (L- 14) 
___________________________________________________________________________ 
 
8. Como você traduz o seguinte fragmento: earning millions of dollars on 
world markets (L-9/10) 
___________________________________________________________________________Say whether each statement is (T) true or (F) false: 
 
a) ‘Most towns’ (L-1) corresponds to The majority of towns … ( ) 
 
b) “ …a few old buildings” (L-2) corresponds to Not many buildings ( ) 
 
c) “…virtually nothing but dust-covered savanna…” (L-7) A palavra ‘but’ no 
fragmento pode ser substituída por except sem prejuízo do sentido. ( ) 
 
d) “…turning the still small city into one of Brazil’s…” (L-10) No fragmento a 
palavra still pode ser substituída por ‘yet’. ( ) 
 
e) ‘All I saw was a gas station’ (L-18) Neste fragmento do texto 
poderíamos inserir a palavra ‘that’ antes do sujeito sem prejuízo do sentido ( ) 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -5- 
 
 
AFFIXES ENSEMBLE 
 
From text 2: 
“… aspects local entrepreneurs and producers point out as very precarious” 
(L-12). A palavra in bold significa ‘empresários’. Se quiséssemos falar de 
capacidade empresarial diríamos entrepreneurial skill usando o adjetivo. 
Existe também o substantivo entrepreneurship para indicar o que é próprio 
da atividade empresarial. 
 
I - Forme uma palavra derivada por formação prefixal ou sufixal conforme o 
caso: 
 
1. Tendo-se ‘understanding’, como você forma ‘mal-entendido’ com a 
adição de um prefixo? 
_________________________________ 
 
2. Tendo-se ‘superior’, como você forma ‘superioridade’ com a adição de um 
sufixo? 
_________________________________ 
 
3. Tendo-se ‘aggressive’, como você forma ‘agressividade’ com a adição de 
um sufixo? 
_________________________________ 
 
4. Tendo-se ‘brother’, como você forma ‘fraternidade’ com a adição de um 
sufixo? 
_________________________________ 
 
5. Tendo-se ‘child’, como você forma ‘infantil ’ com a adição de um sufixo? 
_________________________________ 
 
II – Usando cada um dos prefixos que formam antônimos preencha as frases 
abaixo: 
 
IL- UN- IN- IR- IM- NON- 
 
1. That was one of the minister’s most ____ fortunate comments during the 
press conference. 
2. The Pope was already ill and that was one of his _____ frequent visits to 
the little town. 
3. Nobody can base his decision on those ____ precise data. 
4. Most of us took part in the ____ violent demonstration. 
5. I’m sorry but I can’t read what you wrote here. It’s ____ legible. 
6. You need to study ____ regular verbs, too. 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -6- 
 
 
CONFUSABLE WORDS 
 
From text 2: 
“… turning the still small city into one of Brazil’s latest new economic hubs.” 
(L-10/11) 
 
Economic x Economical 
 
a) Economic (adj.) = relacionado com a ciência econômica. 
The economic measures adopted by finance minister Antonio Palocci were 
correct. 
As medidas econômicas adotadas pelo ministro da fazenda Antonio Palocci pelo 
foram corretas. 
 
b) Economical (adj.) = tem a ver com economizar, ser econômico. 
His wife is more economical than mine. 
A esposa dele é mais econômica do que a minha. 
 
Further x Farther 
 
 Ambas as palavras são formas comparativas de do adjetivo ‘far’. 
Normalmente usadas da seguinte forma. 
 
a) farther (adj) = relacionado com a distância. 
 
 She lives farther north. It will take us a few more minutes to ge there. 
 Ela mora mais ao norte. Vai demorar uns minutos mais para chegar lá. 
 
b) further (adj) = significando ‘adicional’ 
 
 No further questions, Your Honor. 
 Sem mais perguntas, meritíssimo. 
 
 My boss told us he needs further details before he can make a decision. 
 O chefe falou que precisa de detalhes adicionais para tomar uma decisão. 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -7- 
 
 
Founded x Funded x Found 
 
a) Found (r.v) (founded, founded) (=fundar) 
Primavera do Leste was founded some years ago. 
Primavera do Leste foi fundada há alguns anos. 
 
This tradition dates back to the Founding Fathers’ days. 
Esta tradição data da época dos fundadores da Nação. 
 
b) fund (r.v) (funded, funded) (= financiar, prover com verbas , recursos) 
As far as I know it was the MIT which funded the research do Prof. Harris. 
Até onde eu sei foi o MIT que financiou a pesquisa do Prof. Harris. 
 
c) find (i.v) ( found, found) (= achar) 
I had lost my pen but I have found it already. 
Eu havia perdido minha caneta mas já a achei. 
 
Amount x number 
 
A grande diferença no uso dessas duas palavras nos remete para o conceito de 
palavras contáveis e não contáveis em inglês. Do mesmo modo que você 
aprendeu que dever dizer many books, many computers, many 
classes.... e much coffee, much sugar, much money etc 
 
a) amount (use diante de palavras não contáveis) 
The amount of money in circulation will increase. 
O montante de dinheiro em circulação diminuirá. 
 
b) number (use diante de palavras contáveis) 
The number of students applying for scholarships has doubled since last year. 
O número de alunos requerendo bolsas de estudo dobrou desde o ano passado. 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -8- 
 
 
WORD FORMS: SUPERLATIVES 
 
 The suffix –EST formador dos superlativos em inglês é o mais importante a 
ser estudado aqui. 
 
From text 2: 
 
“the oldest historic landmark you will find is a common filling station” (L-4/5) 
O mais antigo marco que você encontrará e um simples posto de gasolina 
“Brazil’s latest new economic hubs.” (L- 
em um dos mais recentes novos polos economicos do Brasil 
“Valentim Martignano, one of the district’s oldest pioneers (L-17/18) 
Valentim Martignano, um dos mais velhos pioneiros da região 
 
1. O sufixo ‘est’ é usado para formar o superlativo de adjetivos ‘curtos’ 
 
easy (the) easiest o / a+ fácil 
clean (the) cleanest o / a+ limpo/a 
hot (the) hottest o / a+ quente 
old (the ) oldest o / a+ velho/a 
 
2. Com adjetivos ‘longos’ usa-se the most / the least + adj. para formar o 
superlativo. 
 
the most / least difficult o / a mais (menos) difícil 
the most / least complicated o / a mais (menos) complicado 
the most / least economical o /a mais (menos) econômico 
 
3. Some irregular superlatives (Alguns superlativos irregulares) 
 
good the best o /a melhor 
bad the worst o/ a pior 
little the least o/ a menos 
much(many) the most o/a mais 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -9- 
 
 
From text2: 
“…in Primavera do Leste, a booming agribusiness town.” (L-3) 
 em Primavera do Leste uma cidade agro-industrial em explosivo crescimento 
 
 No texto o autor usou palavras como ‘booming’ e ‘growing’ para indicar 
que Primavera do Leste é uma cidade em crescimento. 
 Vamos estudar os muitos verbos usados em inglês para indicar RISE & 
FALL (dos lucros, do volume de vendas, dos índices, das cotações de ações) 
 
Consulte seu dicionário e classifique os verbos do quadro 
conforme os critérios abaixo: 
 
advance be firm be strong be weak dip drop 
drift plummet ease jump leap slip 
plunge rocket sink slump tumble 
rally rebound recover revive 
 
Meaning ‘rise’: ________________________________________________ 
Meaning ‘fall’: __________________________________________________ 
Meaning ‘to rise after falling’: _____________________________________ 
 
Remember: rise and fall are irregular verbs: rise (rose, risen; fall (fell, fallen) 
Distinguish between fall (fell, fallen)[=cair], and feel (felt, felt) [=sentir] 
 
As well as the verb rise, English also has the verbs raise and arise. 
Rise is anirregular intransitive verb: rise (rose, risen) 
 
Things can rise, but you cannot rise something 
 
Raise is a regular, transitive verb; raise - raised - raised. 
People raise things. Raise has lots of meanings, including to collect capital 
We are helping them to raise funds for a charitable institution. 
 
to bring up children 
I was born in Pará, but raised in Rio de Janeiro. 
 
Arise is an irregular, intransitive verb: arise - arose - arisen. 
It means to happen or occur or to come into existence. For example: 
 
Problems arose soon after the new chairman took office. 
 
Adapted from Financial English, Rise & Fall, by Ian Mackenzie, p.71, LTP 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -10- 
 
 
PERFECT MODALS 
 
Vamos revisar os principais perfect modal auxiliaries all together. Estude 
os mini-diálogos a seguir e escreva o que estão indicando os modais in bold: 
(S1 =stands for speaker one / S2 stands for speaker two) 
 
- I - 
S1: “I painted the door of my garage all by myself.” 
S2: “I could have helped you.” 
________________________________________________________________ 
 
-II- 
S1: “Jill failed to pass her exam.” 
S2: “She should have studied harder.” 
________________________________________________________________ 
 
-III- 
S1: “Debby’s room lights are out.” 
S2: “She must have gone to sleep already. 
________________________________________________________________ 
 
-IV- 
S1: “Have you seen ‘Diamonds are Forever”?” 
S2: “If it’s a 007 movie, I must have seen it” 
________________________________________________________________ 
 
-V- 
S1: “Did it rain last night?” 
S2: “It may have rained.” 
________________________________________________________________ 
 
-VI- 
S1: “Has Janet called yet?” 
S2: “Not yet. I’m afraid we will have left for Canada when she does. 
________________________________________________________________ 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -11- 
 
 
LIGHTEN UP! 
 
WHAT DOES YOUR DADDY DO? 
 
 It was the first day of school and the teacher thought she’d get to know 
the kids by asking them their names and what their fathers did for a living 
 The first little girl said, “My name is Mary and my daddy is a postman.” 
The next little boy said, “I’m Andy and my Dad is a mechanic.” 
 It was then little Johnny’s turn and he said “My name is Johnny and my 
father is a striptease dancer in a cabaret for gay men.” 
 The teacher gasped and quickly moved on, but later, in the school yard, 
the teacher approaches Johnny privately and asks if it was really true that his 
Dad dances nude in a gay bar. Little Johnny blushed and said, “Nah, he’s 
actually an auditor for Arthur Andersen but I was just too embarrassed to say.” 
(e-mail sent by a former student) 
 
VOCABULARY BUILD UP 
 
Some words have been removed from the minitexts that 
follow. Complete them with the words from the box paying 
attention to the meaning and structure of the texts. 
 
Mini text: International trade 
 
 primary exchange share outsourcing 
 finance boundaries political throughout 
 
 International trade is the __________ (1) of goods and services across 
international ____________ (2). In most countries, it represents a significant 
____________ (3) of GDP. While international trade has been present 
____________ (4) much of history, its economic, social, and ___________ (5) 
importance have been on the rise in recent centuries. Industrialization, advanced 
transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and ___________ (6) 
are all having a major impact. Increasing international trade is the usually 
____________ (7) meaning of "globalization". 
 International trade is also a branch of economics, which, together with 
international ___________ (8), forms the larger branch of international 
economics. (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -12- 
 
 
VOCABULARY BUILD UP 
 
COMMERCIAL BANKS 
 
Complete the text with each of the words on the right. 
 
 Commercial banks are designed to make a 
................. (1) for their ................. (2). They receive money 
in the form of ............... (3), savings or repayments from 
the public, they lend it at interest to ................. (4). Profit is 
made primarily from ............... (5). Obviously, banks do 
not keep most of the money they receive; indeed, a bank 
will have on hand only enough to pay those ................... (6) 
who want to withdraw their money on a given day. A 
modern bank usually needs no more than 2% of its money 
in ................ (7) 
 Yet law requires this same bank to deposit a sixth or 
seventh of its ................. (8) in non-earning funds with the 
Federal Reserve Bank in its district. 
 To insure additional protection against a “run” in 
which ...................... (9) would exceed deposits, most 
banks buy government ........................ (10) called notes or 
certificates. These are short-term notes of from 90 days to 
one year. Reasons for owning bonds, whether short or 
long-term, are : a) they can be converted to cash quickly, 
thus providing ...............……... (11), b) they provide an 
...................…… (12), and they are a hedge against the 
changing value of .................... (13) . 
 If a bank really needs only a 2 percent reserve, why 
then does the Federal Reserve System require 15 or 20 
percent reserve? The main purpose is not for ………….. 
(14) of the deposits but to control the .............……. (15) of 
money member banks can create. (Excerpt from “An 
Outline of American Economy”, ps.85/86, USIA, 1986) 
a.- borrowers 
 
b.- profit 
 
c.- stockholders 
 
d.- deposits 
 
e.- interest 
_____________ 
f.- cash 
 
g.- customers 
 
h.- bonds 
 
i.- withdrawals 
 
j.- resources 
______________ 
k.- assets 
 
l.- amount 
 
m.- liquidity 
 
n.- income 
 
o.- safety 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -13- 
 
 
VOCABULARY BUILD UP 
 
MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY 
 
Eight words have been removed from the passage above. Choose 
the options that best complete it. 
 
 We have seen that through its monetary policies government can try to 
control money to __________ (1) inflation, fight depressions, and provide full 
__________. (2). By trying to control the amount of money in circulation, the 
government influences the __________ (3) of investment, savings, and 
expenditures that takes place in the economy. However, as part of its fiscal 
policy, the government can, if it so chooses, also expand or __________ (4) its 
own expenditures. It can build or __________ (5) from building highways, 
military aircraft, schools, or a hundred other things for which it spends money. 
Because the government spends between 20 percent and 25 percent of the total 
Gross National Product __________ (6) goods and services (excluding transfer 
payments), this spending or restraint will have a major effect on the condition of 
the economy. 
 When the government increases its level of spending, without 
__________ (7) taxes, it is pumping more money into the economy. During 
sluggish periods, this process can serve to __________ (8) up the economy, 
cause new investment, and create jobs. On the other hand, too much stimulus 
can aggravate inflation. (From An Outline of American Economy, p 92, USIA) 
 
1. a) curb b) balance c) project d) cut 
 
2. a) employed b) employees c) employers d) employment 
 
3. a) number b) slice c)amount d) mixture 
 
4. a) detract b) subtract c) contract d) retract 
 
5. a) refrain b) retain c) contain d) maintain 
 
6. a) at b) for c) in d) on 
 
7. a) risen b) raising c) rising d) raised 
 
8. a) heat b) heighten c) hotter d) hurry 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -14- 
 
 
A LOOK AT PAST EXAMS 
 
ESAF / AFTN-98 
 
Read the text below in order to answer questions 1 to 3. 
 
Tax Audits 
 Although only about one out of every 100 individual tax returns will be 
audited in 1998, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is very good at selecting 
returns for audit that will yield additional taxes. Nevertheless, if your return is 
selected, it does not necessarily mean you will incur any additional tax liability. 
 If you do not agree with the examiner’s report, you can meet with the 
examiner’s supervisor to discuss your case further. If you still do not agree, you 
have the right to appeal the findings through a separate Appeals Office. You can 
also appeal to the U.S. Tax Court. 
 
1. The author states that the examiner’s report might be 
a) dishonest. 
b) unofficial. 
c) questioned. 
d) irrevocable. 
e) ambiguous. 
 
2. According to the text, when you meet the examiner’s supervisor 
a) the two of you must reach a final agreement. 
b) you wish to discuss the examiner’s liability. 
c) you have already accepted the examiner’s report. 
d) additional taxes are charged. 
e) you intend to discuss the examiner’s report in more detail. 
 
3. The text implies that 
a) Audits rarely result in additional charges. 
b) Additional taxes may be charged. 
c) Additional taxes must not be adopted. 
d) Audits are an unnecessary practice. 
e) Audits will soon be abolished. 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -15- 
 
 
ANSWERS 
 
Vocabulary Pre-Test Text 1 
1. indústria, companhia manufatureira // 2. cuidado pessoal // 3. uma nova 
campanha // 4. a nova logomarca // 5. uma parte integrante // 6. a embalagem 
dos produtos da companhia // 7. os diferentes ícones // 8. os benefícios ao 
consumidor // 9. uma vantagem competitiva // 10. a política futura da 
companhia. 
 
Warm Up For The Mock Test 
1. B // 2. A // 3. D // 4. E // 5. C 
 
Vocabulary Pre-Test Text 2 
a. 7 // b. 6 // c. 8 // d. 5 // e. 9 // f. 10 // g. 1 // h. 2 // i. 3 // j. 4 
 
Exploiting Text 2 
Past simple: was (L-7), began (L-6), arrived (L-17), saw (L-18) 
Present simple: take (L-1), spread out (L-9), point out (L-12), recalls (L-19), 
boasts (L-19). 
Future simple: will find (L-5) 
Collocations 
Adj +noun : historic past, booming agribusiness town, common filling station, 
stunted growth, dust-covered savanna, small city, growing population, local 
entrepreneur, modern architecture, … 
noun + noun: cotton fields, world markets, gas station, truck stop 
paraphrasing: Primavera do Leste was founded 17 years ago … 
translation: earning millions of dollars in world markets ( =- rendendo, 
gerando milhões de dólares nos mercaados mundiais) 
 
True or False? 
a. (T) // b. (T) // c. (T) // d. (F) // e. (T) 
 
Rise & Fall 
Meaning ‘rise’: advance, be firm, be strong, jump, leap, rocket 
Meaning ‘fall’: be weak, dip, drift, drop, ease, plummet, plunge, sink, slip, 
slump, tumble 
Meaning ‘to rise after falling’: rally, rebound, recover, revive 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -16- 
 
 
Vocabulary build up: mini- text 
1. exchange // 2. boundaries // 3. share // 4. throughout // 5. political // 6. 
outsourcing // 7. primary // 8. finance 
 
Commercial Banks 
1. B // 2. C // 3. D // 4. A // 5. C // 6. G // 7. F // 8. J // 9. I // 10. H // 11. M // 12. 
N // 13. K // 14. O // 15. L 
 
MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY 
1. a // 2. d // 3. c // 4. c // 5. a // 6. d // 7. b // 8. a 
 
Perfect Modals 
 
- I - 
S1: “I painted the door of my garage all by myself.” 
S2: “I could have helped you.” 
 (it indicates a possibility that existed in the past: “Had you asked me I could 
have helped you”) 
-II- 
S1: “Jill failed to pass her exam.” 
S2: “She should have studied harder.” 
 (it was her obligation, she was supposed to study, but she didn’t.) 
Note: Ought to have studied might have been used in the above example. 
-III- 
S1: “Debby’s room lights are out.” 
S2: “She must have gone to sleep already. 
 (that is the most logical conclusion you draw) 
-IV- 
S1: “Have you seen ‘Diamonds are Forever”?” 
S2: “If it’s a 007 movie, I must have seen it” 
 (S2 most probably is a James Bond fan and has seen all his movies.) 
-V- 
S1: “Did it rain last night?” 
S2: “It may have rained.” 
(it indicates a past possibility; “might have rained” would show a remoter 
possibility) 
-VI- 
S1: “Has Janet called yet?” 
S2: “Not yet. I’m afraid we will have left for Canada when she does. 
[future perfect tense (by the time she calls they won’t be there to answer 
the phone.)] 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -17- 
 
 
Affixes Ensemble 
I - 
1. misunderstanding // 2. superiority // 3. aggressiveness // 4. brotherhood // 5. 
childish 
II - 
1. UNfortunate // 2. INfrequent // 3. IMprecise // 4. NON-violent // 5. ILlegible 
// 6. IRregular 
 
 
A LOOK AT PAST EXAMS 
 
ESAF / AFTN-98 
1. C // 2. E // 3. B 
 
Vocabulary Post-test (Tax Audits) 
 
A B 
1. Internal Revenue Service a. ( ) produzir tributos adicionais 
2. selecting returns for audit b. ( ) recorrer dos cálculos através 
3. yield additional taxes c. ( ) um outro Conselho de Recursos 
4. incur any additional tax liability d. ( ) alguma vegetação rasteira 
5. to appeal the findings through e. ( ) ser obrigado a novos impostos 
6. a separate Appeals Office f. ( ) escolher declarações p/ auditar 
 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 
CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -18- 
 
AULA 7 
 
 Avalie se os seguintes objetivos desta aula foram alcançados. 
 
 
TÓPICOS & OBJETIVOS 
 
 Raise your awareness of: 
 Despertar sua conscientização para: 
 
I – Warm up for the Mock Test 
 Aquecimento para o teste simulado 
 
II – Reading Comprehension: Unilever’s text – Multiple-choice 
 Compreensão de Leitura: Texto da Unilever – múltipla escolha 
 
III – Study of text 2: Primavera do Leste // True or False? 
 Estudo do texto1: “Primavera do Leste ” /// Questõs de Falso / Verdadeiro 
 
IV - Word Forms – Suffix –EST / superlatives 
 Formação de Palavras – sufixo –EST formador dos superlativos 
 
V - Confusable Words: Economic/ Economical // Further / farther 
// founded / funded / found // amount / number 
 Palavras que confundem: economic /economical // further / farther // founded / 
funded / found // amount / number 
 
VI - Perfect Modals // Task 
 Os verbos modais perfeitos // Exercício 
 
VII - ‘Rise’ and ‘Fall’ verbs 
 Os verbos que indicam subida e queda. 
 
VIII– Lighten up! An anecdote 
 Relaxe! Uma anedota 
 
IX – Vocabulary Build-up: Specialized vocabulary: International 
Trade / Commercial Banks // Monetary and Fiscal Policy 
 Construção de Vocabulário: Vocabulário técnico: Comércio Internacional // 
Bancos Comerciais // Política Monetária e Fiscal 
 
X– Analysis of past exams: ESAF / AFTN -98- Tax Audits 
 Análise de provas anteriores: ESAF / AFTN -98- Auditorias / Ações fiscais 
 
CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROF. CARLOS AUGUSTO 
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br