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Classificação	
  Evolu/va	
  das	
  Aves	
  
• 	
  Sistemá(ca:	
  O	
  estudo	
  da	
  relação	
  evolu/va	
  dos	
  seres	
  vivos	
  
• Taxonomia	
  (taxis	
  ‘arranjo’	
  nomia:	
  ‘método’).	
  É	
  a	
  disciplina	
  que	
  se	
  ocupa	
  em	
  
iden/ficar,	
  nomear,	
  e	
  organizar	
  as	
  espécies	
  na	
  sua	
  classificação.	
  
Sistemá/ca	
  de	
  Aves	
  
A Classe Aves 
•  A	
  fundação	
  da	
  sistemá/ca	
  evolu/va	
  foi	
  realizada	
  por	
  Huxley,	
  quem	
  
avalio	
  o	
  arranjo	
  dos	
  ossos	
  no	
  palato,	
  fundamental	
  para	
  separar	
  os	
  dois	
  
grandes	
  grupos	
  de	
  aves:	
  Neognathas	
  e	
  Paleognathas.	
  
•  O	
  grande	
  problema	
  era	
  encontrar	
  caracteres	
  não	
  convergentes	
  que	
  
fossem	
  informa/vos.	
  
•  Narinas	
  
•  Músculos	
  da	
  perna	
  
•  Tendões	
  do	
  pé	
  
•  Arranjo	
  dos	
  dedos	
  dos	
  pés	
  
•  Forma,	
  tamanho	
  e	
  arranjo	
  das	
  escamas	
  no	
  tarso	
  
A Classe Aves 
•  Com	
  o	
  tempo	
  outros	
  caracteres	
  foram	
  sendo	
  u/lizados	
  
•  Vocalizações	
  
•  Comportamento	
  
•  Plumagem	
  dos	
  filhotes	
  
•  Ontogenia	
  
•  Gené(ca	
  
•  Cladís(ca	
  (método	
  fundamental	
  para	
  a	
  recostrução	
  filogené(ca)	
  
A Classe Aves 
Classificação	
  das	
  Aves	
  baseadas	
  em	
  Feduccia	
  (1995)	
  
A Classe Aves 
Todas	
  as	
  Aves	
  modernas	
  são	
  Neornithes	
  	
  
•  2	
  Super-­‐Ordens	
  
•  Paleognatha	
   • 	
  Neognatha	
  
A Classe Aves 
Todas	
  as	
  Aves	
  modernas	
  são	
  Neornithes	
  	
  
•  2	
  Super-­‐Ordens	
  
•  Paleognatha	
   • 	
  Neognatha	
  
A Classe Aves 
• 	
  Neognatha	
  
• 	
  Vomer	
  maior,	
  	
  ar/culado	
  com	
  a	
  pré-­‐maxilla	
  é	
  
	
  fusionado	
  com	
  o	
  pterigoide;	
  
• 	
  O	
  pala/no	
  e	
  o	
  pterigoide	
  fusionados;	
  
• A	
  ar/culação	
  de	
  Pterigoide	
  e	
  do	
  quadrado	
  é	
  complexa	
  e	
  	
  
inclui	
  o	
  processo	
  orbital	
  
Paleognatha	
  
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
1	
  sp	
  
2	
  spp	
   3	
  spp	
  
4	
  spp	
  
1	
  sp	
  
-­‐ Struthioniformes	
  (avestruz)	
  
-­‐ Rheiformes	
  (ema)	
  
-­‐ Casuariiformes	
  
-­‐ Dromaiidae	
  (emu)	
  
-­‐ Casuariidae	
  (casuário)	
  
-­‐ Apterygidae	
  (kiwi)	
  
Ra/tes	
  	
  
Ra/tes	
  	
  
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
Paleognathas	
  =	
  Ra/tes	
  +	
  Tinamiformes	
  (Huxley	
  1867)	
  
Moas	
  (Dinornithidae)	
  
Ave	
  elefante	
  (Aepyornithidae)	
  
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
Dinornithidae	
  (Moas)	
  
Aepyornithidae	
  
Neognatha:	
  Galloanseres	
  
•  Anseriformes	
  (3	
  Famílias)	
   •  Galliformes	
  (7	
  famílias)	
  
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
2.	
  Galloanserae	
  
Neognatha:	
  Galloanseres	
  +	
  	
  Neoaves	
  
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
PhaethontiformesPterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
Metaves 
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
Metaves 
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
Metaves: Columbimorphae 
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
Coronaves 
Coronaves: Pelecanae + Charadriiformes + Passarae 
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
Coronaves: PelecanaeNEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
Coronaves: Pelecanae 
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
Coronaves: Charadriae 
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
Coronaves: Charadriae 
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
Coronaves: Passerae 
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
Coronaves: Passerae 
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
Coronaves: Passerae 
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
TurniciLari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
Coronaves: Passerimorphae 
NEORNITHES: 45 Orders
PALEOGNATHS
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
NEOGNATHS
GALLOANSERAE
Anseriformes
Galliformes
NEOAVES
METAVES
Columbimorphae
Phoenicopteriformes
Podicipediformes
Phaethontiformes
Pterocliformes
Mesitornithiformes
Columbiformes
Eurypygiformes
Eurypygimorphae
Strisores
Steatornithiformes
Nyctibiiformes
Podargiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
CORONAVES
PELECANAE
Opisthocomiformes
Opisthocomimorphae
Cuculimorphae
Otidiiformes
Cuculiformes
Gruiformes
Musophagiformes
Musophagimorphae
Aequornithes
Gaviiformes
Sphenisciformes
Procellariiformes
Ciconiiformes
Suliformes
Pelecaniformes
Ardeiformes
CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes
Chionidi
Charadrii
Limicoli
Turnici
Lari
PASSERAE
Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes
Accipitriformes
‘Anomalogonatae’
Coliiformes
Strigiformes
Leptosomiformes
Trogoniformes
Bucerotiformes
Coraciiformes
Piciformes
Passerimorphae
Cariamiformes
Falconiformes
Psittaciformes
Passeriformes
Aves – Passeriformes = 50% da diversidade de espécies 
~40	
  %	
  
~	
  60	
  %	
  
Passeriformes	
  
Acanthisi-	
  
Três	
  Subordens	
  (-­‐i):	
  Passeri	
  (oscines)	
  +	
  Tyranni	
  (Suboscines)+	
  
Acanthisik	
  
Tyranni	
  
Passeriformes 
•  110	
  Famílias	
  
•  1161	
  Gêneros	
  
•  ~5.700	
  espécies	
  
•  2	
  Sub-­‐Ordens	
  
•  Sub-­‐Oscines	
  (10	
  Famílias,	
  ~1.000	
  espécies)	
  
•  Oscines	
  (100	
  Famílias,	
  ~4.000	
  espécies)	
  
Passeriformes:	
  Sub-­‐Oscines	
  
•  Dendrocolap/dae	
  (Arapaçus)	
  
•  Furnariidae	
  (João-­‐de-­‐barro)	
  
•  Thamnophilidae	
  (Papa-­‐formiga)	
  
•  Formicariidae	
  
•  Grallaridae	
  
•  Rhinocryp/dae	
  
•  Conopophagidae	
  
•  Tyrannidae	
  (Bem-­‐te-­‐vi)	
  
•  Tityridae	
  
•  Co/ngidae	
  
•  Pipridae	
  (Soldadinho-­‐do-­‐Araripe)	
  
Tracheophones	
  
Não-­‐Tracheophones	
  
Passeriformes:	
  Oscines	
  
•  Corvidi	
  
•  Corvidae	
  
•  Passerida	
  
•  Emberizidae	
  
•  Hirundinidae	
  
•  Icteridae	
  
•  Parulidae	
  
•  Thraupidae	
  
•  Fringillidae	
  
•  Mimidae	
  
•  Troglody/dae	
  
•  Turdidae