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2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Solutions to Exercises 2.96 Strontium is an alkaline earth metal, similar in chemical properties to calcium and magnesium. Calcium is ubiquitous in biological organisms, humans included. It is a vital nutrient required for formation and maintenance of healthy bones and teeth. As such, there are efficient pathways for calcium uptake and distribution in the body, pathways that are also available to chemically similar strontium. Harmful strontium imitates calcium and then behaves badly when the body tries to use it as it uses calcium. 2.97 (a) chlorine gas, Cl₂: ii (b) propane, V (c) nitrate ion, : i (d) sulfur trioxide, SO₃: iii (e) methylchloride, CH₃Cl: iv 2.98 (a) nickel(II) oxide, 2+ (b) manganese(IV) oxide, 4+ (c) chromium(III) oxide, 3+ (d) molybdenium(VI) oxide, 6+ 2.99 Cation Anion Formula Name Li+ O²⁻ Li₂O Lithium oxide Fe₃(PO₄)₂ Iron(II) phosphate Al₃(SO₄)₂ Aluminum sulfate Cu(NO₃)₂ Copper(II) nitrate Chromium(III) iodide Manganese(I) chlorite (NH₄)₂CO₃ Ammonium carbonate Zinc perchlorate 2.100 (a) IO₃⁻ (b) IO₄⁻ (c) IO⁻ (d) HIO (e) HIO₄ or (H₅IO₆) 2.101 (a) perbromate ion (b) selenite ion (c) (d) HTeO 4 2.102 Carbonic acid: the cation is H+ because it is an acid; the anion is carbonate because the acid reacts with lithium hydroxide to form lithium carbonate. Lithium hydroxide: LiOH; lithium carbonate: 2.103 (a) sodium chloride (b) sodium bicarbonate (or sodium hydrogen carbonate) (c) sodium hypochlorite (d) sodium hydroxide (e) ammonium carbonate (f) calcium sulfate 2.104 (a) potassium nitrate (b) sodium carbonate (c) calcium oxide (d) hydrochloric acid (e) magnesium sulfate (f) magnesium hydroxide 36