liposomes

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L-α-Phosphatidylcholine
It is the class of phospholipids that have a choline group attached with phosphorous molecule.
They are the primary component of biological membrane therefore found in all plants and animal cells.
It can be easily obtained from egg yolk and soyabeans.
8-Hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (HPTS)
• 8-Hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (HPTS) also called pyranine and belongs to the class of arylsulfonates.
• It is pH sensitive, hydrophilic fluorescent dye. pKa 7.4
• It is used as coloring agent, biological stain, optical detecting reagent, and a pH indicator. 
• It is also use the measurement of intercellular pH. Used in green highlighter.
C16H7Na3O10S3
524.37 g·mol−1
Ionophore
Ionophore means ion carrier. It is a chemical specie that carry the ions actually it is used for the transportation
ions across the cell membrane.
These ionophores are selective with respect to ions. Some of them are synthesized by micro-organism to import ions
into their cell.
There are two major classification which is synthesized by micro-organism.
Carrier ionophores. It may proteins and molecules. Valinomycin it is a molecule that transport single potassium ion
Channel formers commonly known as ion channel. It may large protein and lipids. Gramacidine A
Image copied from: https://agscientific.com/blog/2019/05/ionophores-carriers-and-channels/
https://agscientific.com/blog/2019/05/ionophores-carriers-and-channels/
Synthetic Ion Channels
Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 717
Langmuir 2013, 29, 9031−9040
Procedure
0 100 200 300 400
0
20
40
60
80
100 With ionophore
 Control
N
or
m
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iz
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 F
I
Time (s)
pH pulse
Triton X-100® 
a)
Triton X-100HEPES (2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid)
At pH gradient
Excitation at 403 nm
Emission at 510 nm
Excitation at 460 nm
Emission at 510 nm