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2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Solutions to Exercises (d) Mg(OH)₂ (e) SnF₂ (f) CdS, H₂S 2.75 (a) A hydrocarbon is a compound composed of the elements hydrogen and carbon only. (b) H H H H H C C C C H H H H H molecular: empirical: C₂H₅ 2.76 (a) -ane (b) Hexane has 6 carbons in its chain. H H H H H H H C C C C C C H H H H H H H molecular: C₆H₁₄ empirical: C₃H₇ 2.77 (a) Functional groups are groups of specific atoms that are constant from one molecule to the next. For example, the alcohol functional group is an -OH. Whenever a molecule is called an alcohol, it contains the -OH group. (b) OH (c) H H H H H C C C C OH H H H H 2.78 (a) They both have two carbon atoms in their molecular backbone, or chain. (b) In 1-propanol one of the H atoms on an outer (terminal) C atom has been replaced by an OH group. 2.79 (a) H H H H H H C C C H H C C C Cl H H H H H H (b) 1-chloropropane 2-chloropropane 29