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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Lesson 4 - Narration
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Class content:
The characteristics of the narrative text in different contexts.
The necessary steps to build a Narration
Grammar devices that support a narrative text
 
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Elements of a Narrative: Plot Setting Characterization
Structure of a Narrative Text:
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
NARRATIVE STRUCTURE
BEGINNING
MAIN EVENTS
CONCLUSION SOLUTION 
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
A narrative is a moving picture. Like description, narratives need to have a rich texture of details so that the reader is seeing, hearing, smelling, and touching. The reader should experience the story, not simply hear it.
Stories add the element of time to description. Often stories start at the beginning and then follow the sequence of events chronologically. However, an effective variation on this pattern is to start in the middle of things and then use flashbacks to fill in the background information. This method is especailly effective in holding the reader's attention.
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
There's nothing like reading a great narrative. Whether in novel or essay form, a narrative piece of writing transports readers into the time and space of the world portrayed by the writing.
There's also nothing like writing a great narrative. Through reflecting upon an event, and through recreating the experience for other readers, writing a narrative essay can enable you to develop new, subtle, and rewarding perspectives.
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Basic qualities of a narrative text:
A narrative text is a piece of writing that recreates an experience through time.
A narrative text can be based on one of your own experiences, either past or present, or it can be based on the experiences of someone else.
In addition to telling a story, a narrative essay also communicates a main idea or a lesson learned.
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
First steps for writing a narrative essay:
Identify the experience that you want to write about.
Think about why the experience is significant.
Spend a good deal of time drafting your recollections about the details of the experience.
Create an outline of the basic parts of your narrative.
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Writing a Narrative composition appeals to one of humankind's basic instincts, the impulse to share stories. Sometimes the aim of the story-teller is simply to entertain, to provide a moment of escape from the business of the day or the horrors of the night, but sometimes the aim of the story-teller is to instruct, to help others in their understanding of something. The best part of teaching in this way is that our listeners' natural resistance to heeding the words of others is low and they are not always aware that they are being taught anything until it's too late – we've got them.
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The skills needed to narrate a story well are not entirely the same as the skills needed to write a good essay. Some wonderful short fiction writers are not particularly good essayists and vice versa. Still, it is useful to look at those elements that make up a good narrative and know how to apply what we learn toward making our essays as dramatic as possible whenever that is appropriate.
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Narratives are stories and are part of our daily lives. You can find them anywhere – in books, on television, at the movies or on the internet.There are many ways a story can be told. You will find out about some of them in this resource.
Novels
A novel is a long story. It is usually fiction (not true) but it can also be non-fiction (true).A novel might be a mystery, romance, adventure, science fiction, fantasy, a comic strip or real life story. Many novels are made into films or television series.Short stories are similar to novels but much shorter.
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Myths
A myth is a traditional story used to explain something about nature or society.
Other similar types of narrative:
   folk tales
   fairy tales
   legends
   fables.
Each one has a particular structure. For example, a fable will have a moral (message) at the end and a fairy tale will have some elements of magic in it.
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Biographies
A biography is a written account of another person’s life. They are often about famous people such as politicians, artists and musicians.
An autobiography is also a written account of a person’s life, but it is written by that person.
Plays and film scripts
A play is a story written as dialogue and action. It uses a stage to create setting and time.
A film script also uses mainly dialogue and action, but it is told using images and sound on a screen.
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Epic poem – a lengthy story of heroic exploits in the form of a poem
Fable – a story that teaches a lesson, often using animal characters that behave like people
Fantasy – a story about characters that may not be realistic and about events that could not really happen
Folk tale – an old story that reveals the customs of a culture.
Historical fiction – stories about characters and events that might have really happened with made up details and events.
Legend – a story that is based on fact but often includes exaggerations about the hero
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Realistic fiction – stories that portray characters and settings that could exist in real life, as well as events that could happen in real life
Short story – a brief story that usually focuses on one character and one event
Tall tale – a humorous story that tells about impossible happenings, exaggerating the accomplishment of the hero
News - an information on current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or word of mouth to a third party or mass audience
Anecdote - is a short and amusing or interesting account, which may depict a real incident or person. 
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
POINT OF VIEW
When the story is told from a consistent perspective, that perspective is called a point of view("p. o. v." for short).  Narrative point of view derives its lexicon from the number and person of its pronouns:  first person; second person; third person.  Additionally, pronouns are characterized as singular or plural.
A consistent point of view limits the range and amount of knowledge the narrator can invoke to tell the story.  This is called omniscience.  Depending on the narrator's relationship to the story and its characters, the degree of the narrator's intelligence may be classified as either omniscient, objective, subjective, or episodically limited.
 
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
OMNISCIENT
The narrator sees and knows all, and can describe as well as analyze the thoughts and emotions of any character.  Such a narrator is a god, and has control over the chronology of the story, moving backward or forward in time to present back-story or to inform thereader of future outcomes. 
OBJECTIVE
The narrator is an observer, a "fly on the wall," but cannot enter into the minds of the other characters except in a speculative way.  Such a narrator is trapped by the chronology and immediacy of the story, like a reporter "on the scene" of an event transpiring. 
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
SUBJECTIVE
A narrator of a subjective point of view (also known as "limited omniscience") knows everything about a single character only, and sees the story through the eyes of that character. 
EPISODICALLY LIMITED
This narrative point of view is a hybridized version of omniscient and subjective p. o. v.  The narrator is omniscient from a subjective perspective, meaning that the omniscient narrator has the power to jump from one subjective viewpoint to the next-from, one character to the next-,-and experience the same story in different narrative episodes.  (This method is used more commonly in novels than in short stories.)
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
GRAMMAR ACCENT!
Different types of communication tend to have different grammatical "accents."  One of the easiest to see patterns is that used in story telling.  
Narratives tend to feature the use of 
past tense verbs (mostly simple past but past perfect, past progressive, and sometimes would/could for past time meanings) 
adverbs with past time reference
chronological order (signaled by those adverbials)
proper nouns (for the names of people and places)
personal pronouns (to refer to those people and places)
Tema da Apresentação
Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
What are narrative tenses?
Narrative tenses are the tenses that we use to talk about past events and to tell stories.  The most common of these is the past simple. Three other tenses, past continuous, the past perfect simple and the past perfect continuous can help us to say what we want more effeciently. However, it should be remembered that almost any story can be told using the past simple. 
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The Smartest Parrot
10 December 2008
Once upon time, a man had a wonderful parrot. There was no other parrot like it. The parrot could say every word, except one word. The parrot would not say the name of the place where it was born. The name of the place was Catano.
The man felt excited having the smartest parrot but he could not understand why the parrot would not say Catano. The man tried to teach the bird to say Catano however the bird kept not saying the word.
At the first, the man was very nice to the bird but then he got very angry. “You stupid bird!” pointed the man to the parrot. “Why can’t you say the word? Say Catano! Or I will kill you” the man said angrily. Although he tried hard to teach, the parrot would not say it. Then the man got so
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
angry and shouted to the bird over and over; “Say Catano or I’ll kill you”. The bird kept not to say the word of Catano.
One day, after he had been trying so many times to make the bird say Catano, the man really got very angry. He could not bear it. He picked the parrot and threw it into the chicken house. There were four old chickens for next dinner “You are as stupid as the chickens. Just stay with them” Said the man angrily. Then he continued to humble; “You know, I will cut the chicken for my meal. Next it will be your turn, I will eat you too, stupid parrot”. After that he left the chicken house.
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The next day, the man came back to the chicken house. He opened the door and was very surprised. He could not believe what he saw at the chicken house. There were three death chickens on the floor. At the moment, the parrot was standing proudly and screaming at the last old chicken; “Say Catano or I’ll kill you”.
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The First Fire
Cherokee -Native American Lore
In the beginning of the world, there was no fire. The animal people were often cold. Only the Thunders, who lived in the world beyond the sky arch, had fire. At last they sent Lightning down to an island. Lightning put fire into the bottom of a hollow sycamore tree.The animal people knew that the fire was there, because they could see smoke rising from the top of the tree. But they could not get to it on account of the water. So they held a council to decide what to do.
Everyone that could fly or could swim was eager to go after the fire. Raven said, "Let me go. I am large and strong."
At that time Raven was white. He flew high and far across
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
the water and reached the top of the sycamore tree. While he sat there wondering what to do, the heat scorched all his feathers black. The frightened Raven flew home without the fire, and his feathers have been black ever since.
Then the council sent Screech Owl. He flew to the island. But while he was looking down into the hollow tree, a blast of hot air came up and nearly burned out his eyes. He flew home and to this day, Screech Owl's eyes are red.
Then Hooting Owl and Horned Owl were sent to the island together. But the smoke nearly blinded them, and the ashes carried up by the wind made white rings about their eyes. They had to come home, and were never able to get rid of the white rings.
Then Little Snake swam across to the island, crawled through the grass to the tree, and entered it through a small hole at 
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
the bottom. But the smoke and the heat were too much for him, too. He escaped alive, but his body had been scorched black. And it was so twisted that he doubled on his track as if always trying to escape from a small space.
Big Snake, the climber, offered to go for fire, but he fell into the burning stump and became as black as Little Snake. He has been the great blacksnake ever since.
At last Water Spider said that she would go. Water Spider has black downy hair and red stripes on her body. She could run on top of water and she could dive to the bottom. She would have no trouble in getting to the island.
"But you are so little, how will you carry enough fire?" the council asked.
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
"I'll manage all right," answered Water Spider. "I can spin a web." so she spun a thread from her body and wove it into a little bowl and fastened the little bowl on her back. Then she crossed over to the island and through the grass. She put one little coal of fire into her bowl and brought it across to the people.
Every since, we have had fire. And the Water Spider still has her little bowl on her back.
 
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Lesson 4 - Narration
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Tema da Apresentação