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OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Class content:
• Essential resources to the development of expository texts.
• Aspects concerning the nature of expository texts.
• Grammatical aspects of expository texts.
 
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
I Hear America Singing
  by Walt Whitman
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
I hear America singing, the varied carols I hear, 
Those of mechanics, each one singing his as it should be blithe and strong, The carpenter singing his as he measures his plank or beam, 
The mason singing his as he makes ready for work, or leaves off work, 
The boatman singing what belongs to him in his boat, the deckhand 
 singing on the steamboat deck, 
The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, the hatter singing as he stands, The wood-cutter's song, the ploughboy's on his way in the morning, or 
 at noon intermission or at sundown, 
The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work, or of 
 the girl sewing or washing, 
Each singing what belongs to him or her and to none else, 
The day what belongs to the day—at night the party of young fellows, 
 robust, friendly, 
Singing with open mouths their strong melodious songs
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The Big Bang Theory Theme Song
Barenaked Ladies
Our whole universe was in a hot dense state, Then nearly fourteen billion years ago expansion started. Wait... The Earth began to cool, The autotrophs began to drool, Neanderthals developed tools, We built a wall (we built the pyramids), Math, science, history, unraveling the mysteries, That all started with the big bang! 
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
"Since the dawn of man" is really not that long, As every galaxy was formed in less time than it takes to sing this song. A fraction of a second and the elements were made. The bipeds stood up straight, The dinosaurs all met their fate, They tried to leap but they were late And they all died (they froze their asses off) The oceans and Pangea See ya wouldn't wanna be ya Set in motion by the same big bang! It all started with the big BANG! 
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
It's expanding ever outward but one day It will pause and start to go the other way, Collapsing ever inward, we won't be here, it won't be heard Our best and brightest figure that it'll make an even bigger bang! Australopithecus would really have been sick of us Debating how we're here, they're catching deer (we're catching viruses) Religion or astronomy (Descartes or Deuteronomy) It all started with the big bang! Music and mythology, Einstein and astrology It all started with the big bang! It all started with the big BANG! 
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Exposition can be seen in music, films, television shows, plays, and written text. It is the writer's opportunity to give background information to the reader or listener about the setting, establish the theme and introduce the characters. 
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
There are several types of exposition:
Description exposition - The writer explains the characteristics of a topic, shows examples, and describes features.
Example: The U.S. flag consists of thirteen alternating stripes of red and blue, representing the 13 original states. In the top left of the flag there is a field of blue with fifty stars, one for each state.
Comparison exposition - The writer shows how two topics are alike or different.
Example: The alligator has a u-shaped, round snout and tends to live in freshwater swamps and streams. The crocodile has a long, v-shaped nose and can live in saltier waters as well as freshwater habitats.
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Cause and effect exposition - The writer explains the cause of an event and thoroughly investigates the effects.
Example: The Civil War was caused because of conflicts between states on the subjects of states' rights and slavery. Before the war the southern states relied on slaves to plant and harvest the crops. These southern states wanted to make decisions separate from the northern states and banded together as "The Confederates," threatening to leave the U.S. The northern soldiers were victories in the Civil War, reestablishing that states in the south had to confirm to U.S. laws, including the abolishment of slavery.
Problem and solution exposition - The author sets forth a problem, and then explains possible solutions to it.
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Example: This family was a victim of a problem they could have avoided-a problem that, according to Florida park rangers, hundreds of visitors suffer each year. "Several times a month," ranger Rod Torres of O'Leno State Park said, "people get scared and leave the park in the middle of the night." Those people picked the wrong kind of park to visit. Not that there was anything wrong with the park: The hikers camped next to them loved the wild isolation of it. But it just wasn't the kind of place the couple from New Jersey had in mind when they decided to camp out on this trip through Florida. If they had known about the different kinds of parks in Florida, they might have stayed in a place they loved.”
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Sequence exposition - The writer shows events in either chronological or numbered order.
Example: The timeline of the Civil War included these key timeframes:
1600s - States begin to adopt laws regarding slavery that are appropriate for their individual states.
1700s - Some states are beginning to express thoughts that slavery should be abolished.
1800s - Rebellion starts against slavery with seven states threatening to secede from the U.S. Lincoln was inaugurated. The Civil War began which the north eventually won
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
An exposition argues for or against a certain point of view based on a certain topic. An exposition is a well-structured argument or persuasion. The point of view must be supported by facts and relevant information on that topic.
An exposition needs to:
clearly state the point of view
use research to support that view
address other points of view
defend that point of view from others. 
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Preparing your own exposition
Before writing an exposition you must first establish a topic and a point of view on that topic. It is then important to research that topic and find evidence and facts to help support your point of view.
The structure of an exposition is important. Each body paragraph should have the following:
A main point (also called a claim)
Your reason for that point
Evidence to support that point
Make sure that your writing is easy to understand and that it is relevant to the topic through the entire exposition.Always check your text for correct spelling, grammar and punctuation. 
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Structure  
•A lead-in sentence to state the topic and capture interest • Introduction should include signpost sentences to the issues to be raised • One paragraph per main idea.  • Each paragraph starts with a topic sentence containing an assertion • Arguments should show logical progression • Prioritise and sequence arguments  • Conclusion summarises content  • Conclusion contains no new information  • Conclusion restates your view in different words 
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Language features 
• It is best to avoid using the first person  • Use strong modal verbs such as “must, “should”, “will not” • Use words expressing certainty: definitely, ultimately, undoubtedly, unequivocally • Linking words and phrases expressing cumulation: Furthermore…; In addition…; Moreover… • Acknowledge sources of information • Avoidance of “I” is not always possible in an argument essay e.g. “I believe…”
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Modal verbs (must, will, would, should, may, can, could, might, must) precede another verb. Modals do not have subject-verb agreement or take the infinitive “to” before the next verb.
This handout shows how modals in academic writing can change a sentence’s meaning into a prediction, suggestion, or a question. Modals can also serve a social function to show uncertainty or politeness. They are especially common in discussion sections of research papers.
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Logical possibility: expresses a degree of probability
Before: This is the fastest way to drive to Westwood. After: This might be the fastest way to drive to Westwood.
Ability: shows capability
Before: Riding the bus avoids traffic. After: Riding the bus can avoid traffic.
Necessity: expresses directness in attitude
Before: Wash your hands before preparing food. After: You must wash your hands before preparing food.
Permission: shows politeness
Before: I am going to your office hours. After: Can I go to your office hours?
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
In academic writing, modal verbs are most frequently used to indicate logical possibility and least frequently used to indicate permission. The nine modal verbs are listed under each of the functions they can perform, and are ordered from strongest to weakest for each function. Notice that the same modal can have different strengths when it’s used for different functions (e.g., may or can). 
http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/modals/ 
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
WORD FORMATIONS - it is the creation of a new word. Word formation is sometimes contrasted with semantic change, which is a change in a single word's meaning. The boundary between word formation and semantic change can be difficult to define.
PREFIXES AND SUFIXES – these are sets of letters that are added to the beginning or end of another word. They are not words in their own right and cannot stand on their own in a sentence: if they are printed on their own they have a hyphen before or after them. 
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Prefixes
 
Prefixes are added to the beginning of an existing word in order to create a new word with a different meaning. For example:
 
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Suffixes
 
Suffixes are added to the end of an existing word. For example:
 
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The addition of a suffix often changes a word from one word class to another. In the table above, the verb like becomes the adjective likeable, the noun idolbecomes the verb idolize, and the noun child becomes the adjective childish. 
http://www.prefixsuffix.com/rootchart.php 
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Lesson 7 – EXPOSITION:Final Considerations
OFICINA DE REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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