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SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA:ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
Aula 3 – Applied linguistics
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
Main Topics:
Identify Apllied Linguistics as a single discipline and a theory producer;
Relate Linguistics and Applied Linguistics;
Verify new trends to applied linguistics. 
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
APPLIED LINGUISTICS
Applied linguistics is a term that seems to have originated in the USA in the 1940s. It refers to an interdisciplinary field of study which aims at investigating issues in the real world in which language is implicated. In other words, applied linguists set out to investigate both educational and social problems, and make decisions about the best course of action to take in dealing with them. 
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
 According to Cook (2010), there are a number of situations in which decisions about language need to be made. The following topics will give you an idea of some of the situations about which applied linguists must reflect upon and find solutions to:
“- What language skills should children attain beyond basic literacy? (And what is basic literacy anyway? Reading and writing, or something more?)
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
Should children speaking a dialect be encouraged to maintain it or steered towards the standard form of language? (And if so, how is that standard form decided and by whom?)
In communities with more than one language which ones should be used in schools? (And does every child have a right to be educated in the language they use at home?)
Should deaf children learn a sign language, or a combination of lip reading and speaking? (And are the sign languages as complex as spoken ones?)
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
Should everyone learn foreign languages and, if so, which one or ones? (And what is the best way to teach them?)
Should every child study literature? (And, if so, should it be established works or more modern ones? And should they study just their own national literature or that of other countries?)”
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
 In order to avoid misjudgments and serious mistakes, applied linguists need to follow some steps that will ensure these professionals will come up with solutions in as informed and rational way as possible. These are:
Set out to investigate and understand the facts of language use;
Organize and formalize what is known;
Subject their knowledge to rational consideration and critical analysis. 
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
THE SCOPE OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS
 The scope of applied linguistics is very wide and vague due to fact that language is implicated not only in educational matters, but in much of our daily lives. Actually, there are a great number of important daily activities that depend on our language ability to be performed, and the others that do not, are often developed and enhanced through it.
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
 Cook (op cit), in an attempt to delimit the scope of applied linguistics, presents the following areas as the main areas of concern for applied linguists:
language and education;
language, work and law;
language information and effect.
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
 The British Association for Applied Linguistics (BAAL) claims the following areas as their main concern:
language acquisition;
language teaching;
language disabilities;
language varieties;
language in literature;
language policies;
languages in social services;
translation;
interpretation.
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
LINGUISTICS AND APPLIED LINGUISTICS
 Linguistics – the academic discipline concerned with the scientific study of language in general – plays an important role in applied linguistics, as the name in the latter suggests. However, applied linguistics must not be confused with linguistics applied. According to Widdowson (1989) linguistics applied would be the following:
 Linguists knew about language, applied linguists made this knowledge available to English language teachers; the consequence was that language learning was improved. 
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
 In order to account for all language-related problems in the world, applied linguistics must draw on several other disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, education, measurement theory, among others, and, of course, develop its own theories as well. Thus, Cook (op cit) argues that:
“The methodology of applied linguistics must therefore be complex. It must refer to the findings and theories of linguistics, choosing among the different schools and approaches, and making these theories relevant to the problems at hand. At the same time, it must investigate and take into account the experience and needs of the people involved in the problem itself…And it must undertake investigation and theorizing of its own.”
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
 Also, according to Brumfit (2001), in some traditions, linguistics has moved away from language located in the world. In fact, in these traditions, linguistic research is totally “concerned with idealizations which remove language from any systematic relationship with users or their purposes” (BRUMFIT, op cit: 8). 
 
 Applied linguistics, on the other hand, works in the opposite way and attempts at balancing experience and expertise and at establishing a reciprocal relationship between professional concerns with language problems and linguistics. This means that applied linguistics has its own independent purposes and a sophisticated technology of its own.
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
APPLIED LINGUISTICS AND 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
Applied linguistics started to develop in the 1990s, both in Brazil and around the world, especially in the area of language teaching. Regarding English language teaching in Brazil, several applied linguists have been concerned about both teachers’ and students’ attitudes towards this language. 
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
 Moita Lopes (1996), for instance, notes the existence of a certain worship-of-foreign-culture attitude by some English teachers. He explains this attitude reflects a current social model of growing appreciation for what is foreign and the absorption of certain foreign cultural models by these professionals. 
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
 Other applied linguists have been focusing on teachers’development and reflexive teaching. They claim that teachers are thinking beings and their teaching is influenced by their beliefs. According to Nunan (1998):
os eventos da sala de aula não podem ser propriamente compreendidos a menos que a perspectiva do professor seja considerada, haja vista que professores possuem estilos pessoais, conhecimentos, crenças e competências distintas em relação ao processo de ensino/aprendizagem de língua estrangeira (LE). Esses aspectos estão presentes no seu desempenho enquanto aprendizes em cursos de formação de professores e, posteriormente, na sua prática de sala de aula, e, portanto, necessitam ser investigados. (OLIVEIRA, 2004: 45)
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
CRITICAL APPLIED LINGUISTICS (CALx)
  CALx is a separate development of applied linguistics which has developed its own autonomous research communities. According to Cook (2003):
In Critical Applied Linguistics (CALx), applied linguistics abandons its apparently neutral stance and aligns itself more explicitly with political action. It becomes intrinsically ‘critical’ in the sense of being politically committed and challenging. The proponents of CALx argue that the discipline does not cease to be rational or factual; on the contrary, it becomes more rational by acknowledging the inevitable.
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
 One of the exponents of CALx in Brazil is Moita Lopes. In 2006, he organized a book entitled “Por uma Linguística Aplicada Indisciplinar” in which he and many other critical applied linguists set the ground for their discipline. They claim that their political perspective is particularly necessary if the investigation in applied linguistics intends to be relevant to our contemporary world.
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
Get the Image!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7dbWW83a74
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
RESUMINDO:
Nesta aula você:
Identificou a linguística aplicada como disciplina autônoma e produtora de teorias próprias;
Relacionou linguística e linguística aplicada;
Verificou as novas tendências da linguística aplicada. 
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos
AULA 3 – APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS
BONS ESTUDOS E ATÉ A PRÓXIMA AULA!
Seminários em Língua Inglesa: Estudos Linguísticos