AULA-SISTEMA NERVOSO ZOO 14-11-13

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ANATOMIA	
  DO	
  SISTEMA	
  
NERVOSO	
  	
  
UNIVERSIDADE	
  ESTADUAL	
  PAULISTA	
  
Faculdade	
  de	
  Ciências	
  Agrárias	
  e	
  Veterinárias	
  
UNESP-­‐JABOTICABAL	
  
	
  
SISTEMA	
  NERVOSO	
  
ORGANISMO	
  
CENTRAL	
   PERIFÉRICO	
  
Embora	
  o	
  sistema	
  nervoso	
  seja	
  uma	
  unidade	
  única	
  
Dividido	
  topograficamente	
  em:	
  
	
  
Sistema	
  nervoso	
  entérico	
  
Divisão	
  do	
  Sistema	
  Nervoso	
  
Formado	
  por:	
  ENCÉFALO	
  e	
  MEDULA	
  ESPINHAL	
  
	
  
DIVISÃO	
  DO	
  SISTEMA	
  NERVOSO	
  
Critérios	
  Anatômicos	
  
SISTEMA	
  NERVOSO	
  
CENTRAL	
  
ENCÉFALO	
  
• 	
  CÉREBRO	
  
• 	
  CEREBELO	
  
• 	
  TRONCO	
  ENCEFÁLICO	
  
MEDULA	
  ESPINHAL	
  
Cérebro	
  
Telencéfalo	
  
•  Dois	
  hemisférios	
  
cerebrais	
  que	
  são	
  
separados	
  
incompletamente	
  
pela	
  fissura	
  
longitudinal	
  cujo	
  
assoalho	
  é	
  formado	
  
pelo	
  corpo	
  caloso	
  
Organização	
  interna	
  dos	
  hemisférios	
  
cerebrais	
  
•  Córtex	
  cerebral	
  
(substância	
  
cinzenta:	
  Corpos	
  de	
  
neurônios)	
  
•  Substância	
  branca	
  
em	
  seu	
  interior	
  
existem	
  massas	
  de	
  
substância	
  cinzenta	
  
que	
  são	
  os	
  núcleos	
  
da	
  base.	
  
Corpo	
  estriado	
  
•  Núcleo	
  caudado	
  
•  Putame	
  
•  Globo	
  pálido	
  
	
  	
  
Núcleo	
  lenYforme	
  
Núcleos	
  da	
  base	
  
1	
  
2	
  
3	
  
1-­‐	
  Núcleo	
  caudado	
  
2-­‐	
  Putame	
  
3-­‐	
  Globo	
  pálido	
  
	
  
HIPOCAMPO	
  
Hipocampo	
  
Diencéfalo	
  
•  Tálamo	
  
•  Hipotálamo	
  
Diencéfalo	
  
HIPOTÁLAMO	
  
Vista	
  ventral	
  
•  Corpos	
  mamilares	
  
•  Quiasma	
  ópYco	
  
•  Túber	
  cinério	
  
•  Infundíbulo	
  
•  Hipófise	
  
T	
  
•  É	
  consYtuído	
  por	
  dois	
  
hemisférios	
  laterais	
  
unidos	
  por	
  uma	
  
protuberância	
  –	
  vermis	
  
do	
  cerebelo	
  
Mesencéfalo	
  
Ponte	
  
Medula	
  oblonga	
  (bulbo)	
  
Vista	
  ventral	
  
Mesencéfalo	
  
Ponte	
  
Medula	
  oblonga	
  
•  Conce i to :	
   i n tegra	
  
juntamente	
   com	
   o	
  
encéfalo	
  o	
  SN	
  Central.	
  
E s t á	
   a l o j a d a	
   n o	
  
interior	
   da	
   coluna	
  
vertebral.	
  
•  Intumescência	
  cervical:	
  
Origem	
  do	
  plexo	
  braquial	
  
•  Intumescência	
  lombar:	
  
Origem	
  do	
  plexo	
  
lombossacral.	
  
Medula	
  espinhal	
  
Dura-­‐máter	
  
Aracnóide	
  
Pia-­‐máter	
  
Líquido	
  cérebro-­‐espinhal	
  (líquor)	
  
	
  •  É	
   um	
   fluido	
   incolor	
   que	
   ocupa	
   o	
   espaço	
  
subaracnóideo	
  e	
  as	
  cavidades	
  dos	
  ventrículos.	
  
•  Função:	
   proteção	
   mecânica,	
   transporta	
  
nutrientes	
  e	
  elimina	
  produtos	
  de	
  degradação.	
  
•  É	
  produzido	
  conYnuamente	
  pelo	
  plexo	
  coróide.	
  
Plexo	
  coróide	
  
SISTEMA	
  NERVOSO	
  
PERIFÉRICO	
  
NERVOS	
  
• 	
  CRANIANOS	
  
• 	
  ESPINHAIS	
  	
  
GÂNGLIOS	
  
TERMINAÇÕES	
  NERVOSAS	
  
DIVISÃO	
  DO	
  SISTEMA	
  NERVOSO	
  
Critérios	
  Anatômicos	
  
Nervos	
  cranianos	
  
hdp://vanat.cvm.umn.edu	
  
Nervos	
  
Espinhais	
  
Gânglios	
  
(72.7%), all of them on the left antimere and presenting 
an L-shaped arrangement (case 3). The ganglia had a 
periarterial position and they were projected to the cau- 
dal margin of the homonymous artery (Fig. 3). 
Celiac-mesenteric ganglion without a caudal portion. Two 
celiac-mesenteric ganglia were located at the left surface 
of the cranial mesenteric artery in two animals (18.2%) 
(case 2) (Fig. 3). 
A single celiac-mesenteric ganglion with two portions: left 
and right. The left and right portions were connected at 
the caudal margin of the cranial mesenteric artery. This 
arrangement had a semi-lunar conformation (9.1%) 
(case 1) (Fig. 3). 
Three-dimensional arrangement patterns of the celiac-me- 
senteric plexus 
Analysing the macrostructure of the celiac, cranial me- 
senteric and celiac-mesenteric ganglia under an overall 
view (involving the two antimeres together), we were 
able to classify the framework of the celiac-mesenteric 
plexus in six different cases. 
Case 1. A single celiac-mesenteric ganglion with two por- 
tions: left and right one. This case represented 5% of the 
animals studied (Fig. 3). 
Case2. Left celiac-mesenteric ganglion associated with 
the right cranial mesenteric ganglion by means of inter- 
ganglionic fibers. This was found in 10% of the animals 
analysed (Figs. 1 B, 3). 
Case 3. Left celiac-mesenteric ganglion having a caudal 
portion joined to the right cranial mesenteric ganglion by 
means of interganglionic fibers. This case represented 
40% of the animals studied (Fig. 3). 
Case 4. Left celiac ganglion associated by means of inter- 
ganglionic fibers with the left cranial mesenteric ganglion. 
This last had a caudal portion, which was associated by 
interganglionic fibers with the right cranial mesenteric 
ganglion. This case represented 30% of the animals stu- 
died (Figs. 1 A, 3). 
Case 5. Left celiac ganglion joined by means of intergan- 
glionic fibers with a left cranial mesenteric ganglion. This 
did not have a caudal portion. In the right antimere, there 
was a right cranial mesenteric ganglia only. This case re- 
presented 10% of the animals studied (Fig. 3). 
Case 6. Left celiac ganglion associated with one cranial 
mesenteric ganglion by means of interganglionic fibers. 
The cranial mesenteric ganglion had two portions: left 
and right. In the right antimere, the right portion of the 
cranial mesenteric ganglion was associated with the right 
celiac ganglion by means of interganglionic fibers. This 
case represented 5% of the animals studied (Fig. 3). 
Microstructure 
The celiac-mesenteric ganglion was seen as a ganglion 
complex constituted of an agglomerate of ganglion units 
(Fig. 2 A) separated by nerve fibers, mast cells, capillaries 
and of connective tissue septa. These connective tissue 
septa were mainly formed by type I collagen fibers and fi- 
broblasts. The type III collagen fibers (reticular fibers) 
however, were more frequently distributed inside the 
ganglion units. All the ganglionic complex was sur- 
rounded by a single and thick capsule composed predomi- 
nantly of type I collagen fibers. In this capsule, which is a 
continuation of the sheath of incoming and outgoing 
nerves, the presence of capillaries was also observed. 
Fig. 1. Gross structure of the rabbit celiac-mesenteric ganglion complex (A-B). A: Right antimere. Cranial mesenteric artery (cma), 
celiac artery (ca). Right cranial mesenteric ganglion (~-), associated by means of interganglionic fibers (arrows) with the caudal por- 
tion of the left cranial mesenteric ganglion (m). B: Left antimere. Celiac artery (ca), cranial mesenteric artery (cma). Left celiac-me- 
senteric ganglion (,) associated to the greater splanchnic nerve (arrow). Right cranial mesenteric ganglia (*). 
443 
Fig. 2. Semi-thin structure of the rabbit celiac-mesenteric ganglion complex (A-D). A: Principal ganglion neurons (n). Eccentric nu- 
cleus containing nucleoli (arrow). Ganglionic units (u). Scale bar = 35 gin. Toluidine Blue. B: Principal ganglion neuron (m). Ec- 
centric nucleus (~ ) . Nucleolus (arrow). Neuropil (*). Scale bar = 15 gm. Toluidine Blue. C: Two binucleate neurons (*). Nucleus of 
glialcell (arrow). Post ganglionic fiber (p). Scale bar = 15 ~tm. Toluidine Blue. D: Capillary (larger arrow). Tight cluster of SIF cells 
(arrows) close to the principal ganglion neuron. Scale bar = 15 gin. Toluidine Blue. 
444 
SISTEMA	
  NERVOSO	
  
	
  PERIFÉRICO	
  
•  Somábco	
  
•  Autônomo	
  
Voluntário	
  
Plexo	
  braquial	
   Plexo	
  lombossacral	
  
Gânglio	
  espinhal	
  
Raiz	
  dorsal	
  
Raiz	
  ventral	
  
Raiz	
  dorsal:	
  sensibva	
  
Raiz	
  ventral:	
  motora	
  
Nervo	
  sensibvo	
  
Nervo	
  motor	
  
Visceral	
  ou	
  vegetaYvo	
  
ou	
  involuntário	
  
Inervação	
  Autônoma	
  do	
  Coração	
  
Inervação	
  parassimpábca	
  
Inervação	
  simpábca	
  
Frequência	
  
cardíaca	
  e	
  força	
  de	
  
contração	
  
Frequência	
  
cardíaca	
  e	
  força	
  de	
  
contração	
  
Cadeia	
  de	
  
gânglios	
  
simpábcos	
  
Gânglio	
  estrelado	
  
AceYlcolina	
  
Noradrenalina	
  
Gânglio	
  cardíaco	
  intrínseco	
  
	
  
Encéfalo	
  
Medula	
  
espinhal	
  
•  O	
  sistema	
  nervoso	
  entérico	
  faz	
  parte	
  do	
  
sistema	
  nervoso	
  autônomo	
  e	
  inclui	
  
circuitos	
  neurais	
  que	
  controlam	
  a	
  função	
  
motora,	
  o	
  fluxo	
  sanguíneo	
  local,	
  
transporte	
  e	
  secreção	
  e	
  modula	
  funções	
  
imune	
  e	
  endócrinas.