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3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 1 
 
Elections in the USA 
 
There are two major parties in the 
USA – Republican and Democrat. There are 
also smallest parties, but down through the 
years the President has always represented 
one or the other of the two major parties. 
Every four year there is a national 
election for President. First the person has to 
become the candidate of his own party. Then 
each major party hods a convention to 
choose its candidate. It is a large and noisy 
party televised to all the country. Everybody can hear the speeches and share the 
excitement. Delegates to the conventions are chosen in a variety of ways – by the state 
committes or primary elections. They are usually people with some political experience. 
The delegates vote for their districts and states. 
After a number of rounds of voting, a candidate is nominated. After the 
nomination comes the campaign itself. By this time there are committes working in 
support of the candidates who have been nominated. There are people who contribute 
to the cost of the campaign. And there are volunteers working in small districts, in 
counties, cities, and states. Before a national election is concluded, thousands upon 
thousands of Americans have been working to persuade people to vote for a particular 
candidate. 
Opinion polls keep constant track of how the voters feel. Many thousands of 
voters feel intimately concerned and involved. Actually, voters do not vote directly for 
President. They vote for electors who, in turn, will vote for President. The number of 
electors from each state is based on its population. Thus a candidate receives votes of 
the Electoral College and the popular vote. 
It may be confusing, but in any case it is all competitive. Everyone runs against 
someone. And it is part of the pattern that keeps Americans involved in their 
government. 
 
1. Quantos principais partidos existem nos EUA? 
 
a) two. 
b) three. 
c) four. 
d) five. 
 
2. Com que frequência ocorre as eleições nos EUA? 
 
a) de 2 em 2 anos. 
b) de 3 em 3 anos. 
c) de 4 em 4 anos. 
d) de 5 em 5 anos. 
 
3. Como os delegados para as convenções são escolhidos? 
 
a) Através de comitês federais. 
b) Através de comitês estaduais ou eleições primárias. 
c) Através de eleições secundárias. 
d) Através do voto direto. 
 
4. O que os delegados fazem nas eleições? 
 
a) Votam nulo. 
b) Votam neles mesmos para presidente. 
c) Votam por seus distritos e estados. 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 2 
 
d) Votam para presidente. 
 
 
5. Quem são os delegados? 
 
a) São geralmente pessoas com alguma experiência política. 
b) São geralmente pessoas com alguma experiência econômica. 
c) São geralmente pessoas com alguma experiência socioeconômica. 
d) São geralmente pessoas com nenhuma experiência política. 
 
6. Quando começa a campanha propriamente dita para eleição do Presidente? 
 
a) Após a divisão dos comitês. 
b) Após as pesquisas de urna. 
c) Após a escolha do Presidente. 
d) Após a nomeação dos delegados. 
 
7. Como ocorrem as eleições para presidente nos EUA? 
 
a) É escolhido um representante de cada estado. 
b) As pessoas votam nos delegados. 
c) As pessoas votam diretamente para presidente. 
d) As pessoas votam em eleitores que, por sua vez, votarão para presidente. 
 
8. Como é baseado o número de eleitores por estado? 
 
a) Através dos delegados. 
b) Através da população. 
c) Através do presidente. 
d) Através dos representantes dos comitês. 
 
9. Quem trabalha nas eleições? 
 
a) Apenas os representantes dos comitês. 
b) Apenas os delegados. 
c) Milhares de americanos: pessoas pré- estabelecidas e voluntários. 
d) Apenas o colégio eleitoral. 
 
10. Como é escolhido o Presidente dos EUA? 
 
a) Quem recebe o maior número de votos do Colégio Eleitoral e da população. 
b) Quem recebe o maior número de votos populares. 
c) Quem recebe o maior número de votos do Colégio Eleitoral. 
d) Quem recebe o maior número de votos dos delegados. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 3 
 
 
Active and passive voice 
 
Quando falamos em voz ativa e voz passiva, estamos nos referindo à estrutura de 
frases (ordem das palavras). Frases na active voice (voz ativa) são aquelas em que o 
sujeito que pratica a ação está em evidência, já em frases na passive voice (voz passiva), o 
objeto que recebe a ação é que está em evidência. Para compreender melhor a língua 
inglesa, é necessário conhecer os dois tipos de vozes e suas respectivas construções. 
 
Para começar, observe os exemplos abaixo: 
 
ACTIVE VOICE 
 
Julia bought the new A Game of Thrones book. (Julia comprou o novo livro de Game of the 
Thrones.) 
 
PASSIVE VOICE 
 
The new A Game of Thrones book was bought by Julia. 
(O novo livro de Game of the Thrones foi comprado por Julia.) 
 
A estrutura das frases na voz ativa é a mais comum, a primeira que aprendemos, a mais 
clara e a que mais usamos diariamente. 
 
QUEM FAZ A AÇÃO + VERBO + OBJETO QUE RECEBE A AÇÃO 
Julia + bought + the new Game of the Thrones book 
 
Já a estrutura das frases na voz passiva não é tão comum na linguagem cotidiana. 
Ainda assim, é muito importante saber construir frases na voz passiva para conseguir 
adquirir fluência ao longo do aprendizado da língua. Observe: 
 
 OBJETO QUE RECEBE A AÇÃO + VERBO TO BE (no mesmo tempo da frase na voz 
ativa) + PAST PARTICIPLE (use o verbo principal da voz ativa no particípio, a forma da 
terceira coluna da tabela de verbos) + PREPOSIÇÃO ‘BY’ + QUEM FAZ A AÇÃO 
 
The new Game of the Thrones book + was + bought + by + Julia 
 
 
“Estou em dúvida, quando usar a passive voice?” 
 
Usamos a passive voice quando a pessoa que pratica a ação é desconhecida ou não é 
relevante ao tipo de informação que queremos passar. Você quer dar ênfase à ação, não à 
pessoa. Veja: 
 
The eclipse can be observed tonight. 
(O eclipse pode ser observado hoje à noite.) 
 
A new shopping mall was built near our school. 
(Um novo shopping foi construído perto da nossa escola.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 4 
 
 
Abaixo uma tabela com as formas nos respectivos tempos verbais: 
 
Active Passive Time Reference 
They make Fords in Cologne. 
(Eles produzem Fords em 
Cologne) 
Fords are made in 
Cologne. (Fords são 
produzidos em 
Cologne) 
Present Simple 
Susan is cooking dinner. 
(Susan está cozinhando o 
jantar) 
Dinner is being cooked 
by Susan (O jantar está 
sendo cozinhado por 
Susan) 
Present Continuous 
James Joyce wrote "Dubliners". 
(James Joyce escreveu 
"Dubliners") 
"Dubliners" was written 
by James Joyces. 
(Dubliners foi escrito 
por James Joyce) 
Past Simple 
They were painting the house 
when I arrived. (Eles estavam 
pintando a casa quando eu 
cheguei) 
The house was being 
painted when I arrived. 
(A casa estava sendo 
pintada quando eu 
cheguei) 
Past Continuous 
They have produced over 20 
models in the past two years. 
(Eles têm produzido mais de 20 
modelos nos últimos 2 anos) 
Over 20 models have 
been produced in the 
past two years. (Mais 
de 20 modelos tem sido 
produzidos nos últimos 
2 anos) 
Present Perfect 
They are going to build a new 
factory in Portland. (Eles estão 
indo construir uma nova fábrica 
em Portland) 
A new factory is goingto be built in Portland. 
(Uma nova fábrica está 
para ser construída em 
Portland) 
Future Intention with 
Going to 
I will finish it tomorrow. (Eu vou 
terminar isto amanhã) 
It will be finished 
tomorrow. (Isto será 
terminado amanhã) 
Future Simple 
 
Active and passive voice exercise 
 
Sentences are given in the active voice. Change them into the passive voice. 
 
1. He teaches English. 
2. The child is eating bananas. 
3. She is writing a letter. 
4. The master punished the servant. 
5. He was writing a book. 
6. Who wrote this letter? 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 5 
 
7. Somebody cooks meal every day. 
8. He wore a blue shirt. 
9. May God bless you with happiness! 
10. They are building a house. 
11. I have finished the job. 
12. I sent the report yesterday. 
13. She bought a diamond necklace. 
14. Somebody had stolen my purse. 
 
Answers 
 
1. English is taught by him. 
2. Bananas are being eaten by the child. 
3. A letter is being written by her. 
4. The servant was punished by the master. 
5. A book was being written by him. 
6. By whom was this letter written? 
7. Meal is cooked by someone every day. 
8. A blue shirt was worn by him. 
9. May you be blessed with happiness! 
10. A house is being built by them. 
11. The job has been finished by me. 
12. The report was sent yesterday. 
13. A diamond necklace was bought by her. 
14. My purse had been stolen by somebody. 
 
1) Are these sentences in the passive (P) or active (A) voice? 
 
( ) This book was written by Charles Dickens. 
( ) I’ve been collecting books since I was a teenager. 
( ) We received this message yesterday at 9:00 a.m. 
( ) Our house will be sold next year. 
( ) I’ve admired this poet all my life. 
 
2) Classical music has dominated awards in the past, but this could change 
 
Push to diversify 
In 1997, trumpeter Wynton Marsalis became the first jazz musician to win the prize, 
for his composition “Blood on the Fields” — though it was a classical piece. A year 
later, the board posthumously honored Duke Ellington. Last year, a special citation was 
given to Thelonious Monk, another jazz great, also posthumously. […] 
 
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18097483/ (ADAPTED) 
 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 6 
 
 
 
 
According to what you have previously learnt in the past units, the verb ‘to give’ (in 
bold) in the text above: 
 
a) has one object (a special citation) and it is in the passive voice. 
b) has one object (to Thelonius Monk) and its subject is “a special citation”. 
c) has an omitted subject (somebody) and its objects are “a special citation” and “to 
Thelonius Monk”. 
d) could be rewritten as “somebody gave Thelonius Monk a special citation”. 
e) none of the above. 
 
3) The Passive Voice of this sentence is: 
 
“The Italian team offered him a new contract.” 
a) A new contract was offered to the Italian team by him. 
b) He was offered a new contract by the Italian team. 
c) The Italian team offered e new contract to him. 
d) A new contract was offered him to the Italian team. 
 
4) What is the Active Voice of the following sentence? 
 
“Some of these tools are being used in the new experiment.” 
 
a) The new experiment used some of these tools. 
b) They are using some of these tools in the new experiment. 
c) In the new experiment some of these tools are being used. 
d) They are going to use some of these tools in the new experiment. 
 
5) Write one sentence in the active voice and one sentence in the passive voice: 
 
a) ___________________________________________. 
b) ___________________________________________. 
 
6) Change the structure: 
 
a) Wine was brought to us to drink. 
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ 
 
b) A car was given to Mary when she was 18. 
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ 
 
c) A reward has been offered to him. 
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ 
 
d) A lot of jokes were told me by the Spanish teacher. 
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ 
 
7) What is the Passive Voice of the following sentence? 
 
“Carlos Drummond de Andrade published many of his poems in other languages.” 
 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 7 
 
a) Many of Carlos Drummond de Andrade’s poems are published in other languages. 
b) Many of Carlos Drummond de Andrade’s poems published in other languages. 
c) Many of Carlos Drummond de Andrade’s poems was published in other languages. 
d) Many of Carlos Drummond de Andrade’s poems were published in other languages. 
8) (UFBA) 
THE HISTORY OF CHOCOLATE 
 
 
 
01 Delicious, delectable, soothing and, yes, American. Chocolate was a New World 
02 discovery, one of the most sought-after treasures brought back to Europe from the 
03 brave new land across the Atlantic. 
04 Cacao, from which chocolate is created, is said to have originated in the Amazon 
05 at least 4,000 years ago. The cacao tree was worshipped by the Mayan civilization, 
06 who believed it to be of divine origin. Cacao is actually a Mayan word meaning “God 
07 Food”, hence the tree’s modern generic Latin name ‘Theobrama Cacao’, meaning 
08 ‘Food of the Gods’. The word Cacao was corrupted into the more familiar ‘Cocoa’ by 
09 the early European explorers. The ancient Maya brewed a spicy, bitter sweet drink by 
10 roasting and grinding the seeds of cocoa beans with maize and chili and letting the mixture 
11 ferment. This drink was reserved for use in ceremonies as well as for drinking 
12 by the wealthy and religious elite. 
13 The Aztecs of central Mexico attributed the creation of the cacao beans to their 
14 god Quetzalcoatl who, as the legend goes, descended from heaven on a beam of a 
15 morning star carrying a cacao tree stolen from paradise. In fact, the Aztecs valued the 
16 beans so much that they used them as currency: a hundred beans bought a turkey or 
17 a slave, and taxes were paid in cocoa beans to Aztec emperors. They prized ‘Xocolatl’ 
18 well above gold and silver so much so that, when Montezuma was defeated by Cortez 
19 in 1519 and the victorious ‘conquistadors’ searched his palace for the Aztec treasury 
20 expecting to find gold and silver, all they found were huge quantities of cocoa beans. 
21 The Aztecs, like the Mayans, also enjoyed cacao as a beverage fermented from 
22 the raw beans, which again featured prominently in rituals and as a luxury available 
23 only to the very wealthy. They regarded chocolate as an aphrodisiac and their Emperor, 
24 Montezuma reputedly drank it fifty times a day from a golden goblet and is quoted as 
25 saying of ‘Xocolatl’: “The divine drink, which builds up resistance and fights fatigue. A 
26 cup of this precious drink permits a man to walk for a whole day without food”. 
27 Xocolatl or Chocolat or Chocolate, as it became known, was brought to Europe 
28 by Cortez. By this time, the conquistadors had learned to make the drink more palatable 
29 to European tastes by mixing the ground roasted beans with sugar and vanilla (a 
30 practice still continued today), thus balancingthe spicy bitterness of the brew the 
31 Aztecs drank. 
THE HISTORY of chocolate. Disponível em: <www.aphrodite-chocolates.co.uk/history_chocolate.htm>. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2009. 
Adaptado. 
Rewrite the following sentence according to the instructions below. Make all the 
necessary changes. 
 
“Chocolate […] was brought to Europe by Cortez.” (l. 27-28) 
Change this sentence into the active voice. 
 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 8 
 
 
 
 
 
9) Change these active voice sentences into passive voice sentences: 
 
a) They used all the paper in the office. 
b) The journalist published his first book this year. 
c) My grandma will make a pie for us tomorrow. 
d) The German scientist discovered a new drug for this disease. 
e) The mayor will build a new bridge in this neighborhood. 
 
10) Change these sentences from passive into active voice: 
 
a) This report will be published by the new sports reporter. 
b) My paper was received by the teacher this morning. 
c) Our house has just been painted. 
d) The thieves were arrested by the police. 
 
The Olympic Games 
 
The Greeks liked sports and games very 
much. They created many festivals dedicated to 
their gods. The festivals always included games. 
There was a festival in the plain of Olympia called 
the Olympic Games. These games officially started 
in 776 B.C. and attracted athletes from all regions 
of Greece. The Olympic Games celebrated the 
“peace of the gods”. It was a moment with no wars. 
In 394 A.D. Greece was a Roman colony and the 
emperor Theodosius ended the tradition of the 
Games. 
Last century, a Frenchman, the Baron of Coubertin, started a new movement to 
revive the Olympic Games. In 1894, he organized the international Olympic Committee 
to work for the Modern Olympic Games. The idea was to include all nations with no 
distinction of religion, race or political ideas. But there was one restriction: only amateur 
athletes participated. 
 
1. De acordo com o texto, marque a alternativa correta. 
 
a) The Greeks did not like games. 
b) Olympic Games was a festival in the plain of Olympia. 
c) Theodosius created the Olympic Games in Greece. Editora Exato 25 
d) Only Roman athletes could participate in these games. 
 
2. Marque a alternativa correta, de acordo com o texto lido: 
 
a) The Baron of Coubertin was from France. 
b) The Olympic Games officially started in 394 A.D. 
c) The Greeks created many festivals dedicated to their emperor. 
d) In 1894, only negrões could participate in the Olympic Games. 
 
3. A ideia central dos jogos olímpicos era: 
 
a) Apenas o imperador “Theodosius” participaria. 
b) Apenas o “Baron of Coubertin” participaria. 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 9 
 
c) Atletas amadores não poderiam participar. 
d) Apenas atletas amadores participariam. 
 
 
 
Pronomes Relativos - Relative Pronouns 
 
Os pronomes relativos podem exercer a função de sujeito ou objeto do verbo 
principal. Lembre-se de que quando o pronome relativo for seguido por um verbo, ele 
exerce função de sujeito. Caso o pronome relativo for seguido por um substantivo ou 
pronome, ele exerce função de objeto. 
 
- Quando o antecedente for pessoa e o pronome relativo exercer a função de 
sujeito do verbo, usa-se who outhat. 
 
The boy who / that arrived is blond. (O menino que chegou é loiro.) 
 
- Quando o antecedente for pessoa e o pronome relativo exercer a função de 
objeto do verbo, usa-se who,whom, that ou pode-se omitir (-) o pronome relativo. 
Contudo, essa omissão só pode ocorrer quando o relativo exercer função de 
objeto. Lembre-se de que na linguagem informal pode-se empregar who em vez 
de whom. 
The girl who / whom / that / (-) I saw in the beach was 
beautiful. 
(A menina que vi na praia era bonita.) 
 
 
- Quando o antecedente for coisa ou animal e o pronome relativo exercer a 
função de sujeito do verbo, usa-sewhich ou that. 
The cat that / which is in the garden belongs to my sister. 
(O gato que está no jardim pertence à minha irmã.) 
 
 
The brown guitar that / which was on the table is mine. (O violão marrom que estava 
em cima da mesa é meu.) 
 
OBSERVAÇÃO: O pronome who também pode referir-se a animais (mas apenas 
animais que tenham nomes ou são conhecidos, como Lassie, por exemplo). 
 
- Quando o antecedente for coisa ou animal e o pronome relativo exercer a 
função de objeto, usa-se which,that ou pode-se omitir (-) o pronome relativo. 
 
The brown guitar which / that / (-) he was playing belongs to me. (O violão marrom 
que ele estava tocando pertence a mim.) 
The cat which / that / (-) I saw in the garden was mewing. (O gato que eu vi no jardim 
estava miando.) 
 
LEMBRE-SE: Quando o pronome relativo for seguido por um verbo, ele exerce 
função desujeito. Caso o pronome relativo seja seguido por um substantivo, artigo, 
pronome ou outra classe de palavra, ele exerce função de objeto. 
 
 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- USA-SE APENAS O PRONOME THAT: 
 
a) Quando houver dois antecedentes (pessoa e animal ou pessoa e coisa): 
 
I know the singers and the songs that she mentioned. 
 (pessoa) (coisa) 
 
(Conheço os cantores e as músicas que ela mencionou.) 
 
b) Após adjetivos no superlativo, first e last: 
 
She is the sweetest woman that I have ever met. 
 (superlativo) 
 
(Ela é a mulher mais dócil que já conheci.) 
 
The last time that I saw him was in May. (A última vez que o vi foi em Maio.) 
The first thing that you have to do is call the police. (A primeira coisa que você tem 
que fazer é ligar para a polícia.) 
 
c) Após all, only, everything, none, some, any, no e seus compostos. 
 
She ate something that we never saw. (Ela comeu algo que nós nunca vimos.) 
 
LEMBRE-SE: Os pronomes relativos só podem ser omitidos quando funcionam 
como objeto, nunca quando exercem função de sujeito. 
 
- O pronome relativo whose (cujo, cuja, cujos, cujas) estabelece uma relação de 
posse e é usado com qualquer antecedente. Esse pronome é sempre seguido 
por um substantivo e nunca pode ser omitido. 
 
The cat whose owner is my sister was in the garden. (O gato cuja dona é minha irmã 
estava no jardim.) 
 
- O pronome relativo where (onde, em que, no que, no qual, na qual, nos quais, 
nas quais) é usado para se referir a lugar ou lugares. 
 
The place where I live is far from here. (O lugar onde moro é / fica longe daqui.) 
 
- O pronome relativo when (quando, em que, no qual, na qual, nos quais, nas 
quais) é usado referindo-se a dia(s), mês, meses, ano(s), etc. 
 
I will always remember the day when we met each other. (Sempre me lembrarei do dia 
em que nos conhecemos.) 
 
We will get married when you get a job. (Nós iremos casar quando você conseguir um 
emprego.) 
 
- What (o que) pode ser usado como pronome relativo e pode exercer função de 
sujeito ou objeto. 
 
I don't know what happened yesterday. (Não sei o que aconteceu ontem.) 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 11 
 
What is this? (O que é isto?) 
 
 
 
 
Os Interrogativos (Pronomes e Advérbios) - Question Words (Pronouns and 
Adverbs) 
 
Os Interrogativos (Question Words) são usados para se obter informações 
específicas. As perguntas elaboradas com eles são chamadas wh-questions, pois 
todos os interrogativos, com exceção apenas dehow (como), começam com as 
letras wh.Na maior parte dos casos, os Interrogativos (Question Words) são 
colocados antes de verbos auxiliares ou modais. 
 
WHO WHICH WHY 
WHOM WHAT WHEN 
WHOSE WHERE WHEN 
 
Vamos estudar detalhadamente cada um dos Interrogativos (Question Words). 
1. WHO - QUEM (FUNÇÃO: SUJEITO) 
 
 
Who is that tall man? (Quem é aquele homem alto?) 
Who told you these lies? 
(Quem lhe contou estas mentiras?) 
 
 
2. WHOM - QUEM (FUNÇÃO: OBJETO) 
 
With whom did you go to the park? (Com quem você foi ao parque?) 
Whom did you meet at the beach? (Quem você encontrou na praia?) 
To whom were you speaking last night? (Com quem você estava falando ontem à 
noite?) 
 
3. WHOSE - DE QUEM 
 
Whose is that dog? (ou Whose that dog is?) 
(De quem é aquele cachorro?) 
 
Whose is this pen? (ou Whose this pen is?) 
(De quem é esta caneta?) 
 
4. WHICH - QUAL, QUAIS 
 
Which of those girls is your girlfriend? (Qual daquelas meninas é a sua namorada?) 
Which are the best libraries of this city? (Quais são as melhores livrarias desta 
cidade?) 
Which t-shirt do you prefer: the yellow one or the blue one? (Qual camiseta você 
prefere: a amarela ou a azul?) 
 
5. WHAT - O QUE, QUE 
 
What time is our flight? (Que horas é o nosso voo?) 
What were you doing in the bank? (O que você estava fazendo no banco?) 
What do you want to drink? (O que você quer tomar?) 
 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 12 
 
6. WHERE – ONDE 
 
Where do you live? (Onde você mora?) 
Where does your mother work? (Onde sua mãe trabalha?) 
Where are we having dinner tonight? (Onde iremos jantar esta noite?) 
 
7. WHY - POR QUE 
 
Why were you crying? (Por que você estava chorando?) 
Why are you late? (Por que você está atrasado?) 
Why didn't she talk to him? (Por que ela não falou com ele?) 
 
8. WHEN - QUANDO 
When they got married? (Quando eles casaram?) 
When did you finish the college? 
(Quando você terminou a faculdade?) 
When will she return to her town? 
(Quando ela voltará para sua cidade?) 
 
Elementos para evitar a repetição - One/Ones 
 
Estes elementos são usados para evitar a repetição de um substantivo já mencionado. 
Geralmente são precedidos por um determinante: a, an, another, the, this, that. Veja 
os exemplos abaixo: 
 
These chocolates are delicious. Would you like a chocolate? 
(Estes chocolates são deliciosos. Você gostaraia de um chocolate?) 
 
Usando os elementos para evitar a repetição, a frase acima é escrita da seguinte 
maneira: 
 
These chocolates are delicious. Would you like one? 
 
1. ONE (singular) 
 
Which pair of glasses do you want? 
This one (= glass). 
Qual óculos você quer? 
Quero este (= óculos). 
 
In which drugstore did you buy these remedies? 
The one in front of my house. 
 
Em qual farmácia você comprou estes remédios? 
Naquela (farmácia) que se localiza em frente à minha casa. 
I found this book. Is the one you lost? 
 
Encontrei este livro. É o (livro) que você perdeu? 
 
I didn't like the black boot, I prefered the brown one. 
Não gostei da bota preta, preferi a (bota) marrom. 
This plate is dirty. Can I have a clean one? 
Este prato está sujo. Posso pegar um (prato) limpo? 
 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. ONES (plural) 
 
Which flowers do you want: the red ones or the white ones? 
Quais flores você quer: as (flores) vermelhas ou as (flores) brancas? 
 
Which shoes are yours? 
The blue ones. 
 
Quais são os seus sapatos? 
Os (sapatos) azuis. 
Don't buy these strawberries. Buy the other ones. 
Não compre estes morangos. Compre aqueles outros. 
These trains go to London. Those ones go to Liverpool. 
Estes trens vão para Londres. Aqueles (trens) vão para Liverpool. 
 
3. A ... ONE 
 
O artigo indefinido a é usado quando a palavra substitutiva (one ou ones) for 
acompanhada de adjetivo. Caso a palavra substitutiva não esteja acompanhada de 
adjetivo, o artigo indefinido a não deve ser usado. 
She wants a dog. She would like a small one with brown hair. 
She wants a dog. She would like one with brown hair. (NOT ... a one with a brown 
hair.) 
Ela quer um cachorro. Gostaria de um (cachorro) pequeno com pêlo marrom. 
Ela quer um cachorro. Gostaria de um (cachorro) com pêlo marrom. 
Saiba mais em "Numerais Um/Uma ou Artigos A/AN?" 
 
4. WHICH (ONE), THIS (ONE), ... 
 
Após which, this, that, another, either, neither e superlativos a palavra 
substitutiva (one ou ones) pode ser omitida. Mas lembre-se, ela deve estar 
posicionada imediatamente após estas expressões para que possa ocorrer a omissão. 
 
Which (one) would you prefer? 
We should see another (one). 
This (one) looks great. 
Either (one) will talk to me. 
My daughter is the slimmest (one). 
 
5. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS - SUBSTANTIVOS INCONTÁVEIS 
 
Não se usa a palavra substitutiva (one ou ones) para referir-se a substantivos 
incontáveis. Veja: 
 
If you like tea I'll give you some (tea). (NOT ... some one) 
Saiba mais sobre substantivos incontáveis em inglês 
 
 
6. ONE / ONES não são usados caso estejam posicionados imediatamente 
depois de: pronomes possessivos adjetivos e 
substantivos, número e some, several, a few e both. 
 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 14 
 
Take your book and pass me mine. (NOT ... pass me my one) 
(Pegue o seu livro e me passe o meu.) 
Are there any oranges? Yes, Cristina bought some yesterday. (NOT ... Cristina bought 
some ones yesterday.) 
[Há laranjas? Sim, Cristina comprou algumas (laranjas) ontem.] 
I would like to see both. (NOT ... both ones) 
(Eu gostaria de ver os dois/ambos.) 
How many pants did she buy? She bought four. (NOT ... four ones.) 
[Quantas calças ela comprou? Ela comprou quatro (calças).] 
 
ATENÇÃO: ONE/ONES SÃO USADOS APÓS PRONOMES POSSESSIVOS 
ADJETIVOS E SUBSTANTIVOS, NÚMEROS E SOME, SEVERAL, A FEW E BOTH, 
CASO HOUVER ADJETIVO. Observe os exemplos abaixo: 
 
Which shirt are you going to wear? 
I'm going to wear my new one. (NOT ... my new.) 
 (adj.) 
Qual camisa você vai usar? 
Vou usar a minha (camisa) nova. 
Are there any oranges? Yes, Cristina bought some sweet ones yesterday. (NOT ... 
some sweet yesterday.) (adj.) 
 
[Há laranjas? Sim, Cristina comprou algumas (laranjas) doces ontem.] 
 
7. NOUN MODIFIERS (SUBSTANTIVOS MODIFICADORES / SUBSTANTIVO 
AUXILIAR) 
 
Em Inglês, podemos colocar dois substantivos juntos. O primeiro substantivo é 
chamado de substantivo adjunto auxiliar e é usado como adjetivo para 
modificar/qualificar o segundo substantivo. O primeiro substantivo quase sempre se 
encontra no singular, pois segue a regra dos adjetivos que diz que, em Inglês, 
permanecem no singular. Com isto, é importante lembrar que geralmente não se usa 
ONE/ONES após substantivos modificadores. Veja alguns exemplos de noun 
modifiers: 
 
Do you prefer coffee cups or tea cups? (NOT ... tea ones.) 
(Você prefere xícaras de café ou xícaras de chá?) 
I've lost my wrist watch. (Perdi meu relógio de pulso.) 
I bought a table lamp yesterday. (Comprei uma lâmpada de mesa ontem.) 
David takes the school bus to school. (David pega o ônibus escolar para a escola.) 
I have to buy some baby clothes to my child. (Tenho que comprar algumas roupas de 
bebê para meu filho.) 
 
8. THAT OF 
 
Geralmente, ONE/ONES não são usados após substantivos que se encontram 
no Caso Possessivo. Omite-se a palavra substitutiva ou se faz a construção com that 
of/those of. Esta construção é bastante formal. Exemplo: 
A Mathematics's class is easier than a Chemistry's class.(NOT ... than a Chemistry's 
one.) 
(Aula de Matemática é mais fácil do que aula de Química.) 
A Mathematics's class is easier than that of a Chemistry. 
(Aula de Matemática é mais fácil do que aula de Química.) 
 
 
1) Fill in "what" or "which". 
 
a) _____________ cars are better, German ones or Japanese ones? 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 15 
 
b) _____________ There are two cars in the garage. 
c) _____________ car is Mr Miller´s? 
d) _____________ hobbies have you got? 
e) _____________ time is it when you leave school? 
f) _____________ pop groups do you like best? 
g) _____________ people live in this country? 
h) _____________ house is it, No. 3 or No. 4? 
i) ___________river flows through London? 
j) ___________ of you knows the answer? 
k) ___________ of these pupils have won the race? 
l) ___________ is your friend´s name? 
m) ___________ of those books is yours? 
 
2) Who, whom, where, whose? 
 
a) The man _________________ we met on the street is my uncle. 
 
b) The cafe _________________ she usually has breakfast is around the corner. 
 
c) The girl _________________ wrote this poem is still in high school. 
 
d) The girl _________________ poem I read is still in high school. 
 
e) The neighborhood _________________ we live is safe. 
 
f) The people _________________ we saw yesterday are my neighbors. 
 
g) The boy _________________ bike was stolen is crying. 
 
h) The people _________________ live across the street are from Portugal. 
 
i) The hotel _________________ we stayed was very noisy. 
 
j) The man _________________ wallet was stolen was very upset. 
 
 
Love of my life 
(Queen) 
 
Love of my life 
You’ve hurt me 
You’ve broken my heart 
And now you leave me 
Love of my life 
Can’t you see? 
Bring it back, bring it back 
Don’t take it away from me 
’Cause you don’t know 
What it means to me 
Love of my life 
Don’t leave me 
You’ve stolen my love 
You now desert me 
Love of my life 
Can’t you see? 
Bring it back, bring it back 
 
Don’t take it away from me 
’Cause you don’t know 
What it means to me 
You will remember 
When this is blown over 
And everything’s all by the way 
When I grow older 
I will be there at your side 
To remind you 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 16 
 
How I still love you 
I still love you 
Hurry back, hurry back 
Don’t take it away from me 
Because you don’t know 
What it means to me 
Love of my life... 
(by Freddie Mercury) 
 
 
1. A temática da música nos mostra que houve: 
 
a) uma separação. 
b) uma reconciliação. 
c) uma troca de juras de amor. 
d) uma análise teórica do amor. 
 
2. De acordo com a análise da música, julgue os itens C (certo) ou E (errado) e em 
seguida marque a alternativa com a sequência correta. 
 
1 Mesmo depois de todas as decepções o amor ainda continua. 
2 O ser amado em questão pede para que traga de volta o amor que foi roubado. 
3 O ser amado foi abandonado pelo grande amor de sua vida. 
4 O ser amado faz um apelo ao usar a expressão “Don’t take it away from me” 
 
a) E – E – E – E. 
b) C – E – E – C. 
c) C – C – C – C. 
d) E – C – C – E. 
 
3. Usando o Genitive Case na frase “Love of my life” temos: 
 
a) Love’s life. 
b) Love’s my life. 
c) My life’s love. 
d) My’s life love. 
 
4. Analisando a palavra em destaque da frase “Love of my life”, qual é a classe 
gramatical dessa palavra? 
 
a) Pronome Possessivo. 
b) Adjetivo Possessivo. 
c) Substantivo. 
d) Adjetivo. 
 
 
Direct and Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) 
 
O discurso direto e indireto são usados para relatar o que alguém disse. Vamos 
conhecer como são em inglês o direct speech e o indirect speech. 
 
Direct speech 
 
No discurso direto, repete-se ao pé da letra o que a pessoa disse, e consiste 
em períodos simples. 
 
Exemplo: 
 
“Kitty said, I’m very happy” que significa “Kitty disse, eu estou muito feliz. 
 
Indirect speech 
 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 17 
 
Nesse caso, também chamado de reported speech, o relato é feito com as 
palavras de quem está contando o que a pessoa disse. É usado o período composto: 
 
Exemplo: 
 
“Kitty said that she was very happy”, que significa “Kitty disse que estava muito feliz”. 
Deu para entender a diferença? 
Na forma indireta, é necessário realizar uma mudança no tempo verbal, no 
advérbio e, em algumas vezes, até mesmo no pronome. Confira na tabela a seguir as 
mudanças mais comuns. 
 
Foto: Reprodução 
Mudanças de direct para indirect 
 
Direct speech Indirect speech 
He said He said that 
“She Works with me” – simple present She worked with him – simple past 
“She is working with me” – simple past She was working with him – past perfect 
“She was working with me” – past 
progressive 
She had been working with him – past 
perfect progressive 
“She will work with me” – Simple future 
She would work with him – Simple 
conditional 
“She can/may work with me” – Simple 
present She could/might work with him – simple past 
 
Existem ainda outras modificações feitas em algumas palavras quando se passa a 
frase do discurso direto para o indireto. Confira: 
 
Direct speech Indirect speech 
Today That day 
Yesterday The day before 
Last night The night before 
Now Then 
Here There 
Tomorrow The next day 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 18 
 
This That (quando em expressão de tempo) 
This, that The (quando adjetivos) 
This, these It, them (quando pronomes) 
 
 
Direct Speech Indirect Speech 
Can Could 
May Might 
Must Had to 
Should Should 
Ought Ought 
 
Quando estamos relatando uma ordem, deve-se usar o infinitivo: 
 
Direct speech 
He said: “Close the window” (Ele me disse: “feche a janela” 
Indirect speech 
He told me to close the window (Ele me disse para fechar a janela) 
No caso de perguntas, deve-se colocar a frase no afirmativo: 
 
Direct speech 
He said: “ Is Mary here?” ( Mary está aqui?) 
 
Indirect speech 
He asked if Mary was there. (Ele perguntou se a Mary estava lá) 
 
Quando é feita uma sugestão: 
– O verbo usado para introduzir o discurso indireto é to suggest. 
– A forma let’s é alterada para we should. 
 
Direct speech 
He said: “Let’s take her to the park” (Ele disse: Vamos leva-la ao parque) 
Indirect speech 
He suggested that we should take her to the park. (Ele sugeriu que a levássemos ao 
parque). 
 
Said and Told 
Ambos os termos do tópico, “said” e “told”, significam “disse”, mas devem ser usados 
em situações diferentes. Quando não mencionamos na frase com quem está se 
falando, deve-se usar o “said”, enquanto o “told” deve ser usado sempre que houver 
menção à quem fala. Por exemplo: “He said to her” e “Bob told Mary”. 
 
Direct and indirect speech exercise 
 
1) Sentences are given in the direct speech. Change them into the indirect speech. 
 
1. He said, “I have got a toothache”. 
2. Manu said, “I am very busy now”. 
3. “Hurry up,” she said to us. 
4. “Give me a cup of water,” he told her. 
5. She said, “I am going to college.” 
6. She said to me, “Thank you” 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 19 
 
7. Raju said, “Gautam must go tomorrow”. 
8. Geetha says, “My father is an Engineer.” 
9. He said, “I havepassed the physical test.” 
10. She said to me, “You are my only friend.” 
11. ‘I love you,’ he told me. 
12. ‘Where are you going?’ James asked Mary. 
Answers: 
1. He said that he had got a toothache. 
2. Manu said that he was very busy then. 
3. She told us to hurry up. 
4. He asked her to give him a cup of water. 
5. She said that she was going to college. 
6. She thanked me. 
7. Raju said that Gautam would have to go the following day. 
8. Geetha says that her father is an Engineer. 
9. He said that he had passed the physical test. 
10. She told me that I was her only friend. 
11. He told me that he loved me. 
12. James asked Mary where she was going. 
 
2) Read the text below and answer the question 
 
28 February, 2007 - Published 15:49 GMT 
 
Castro speaks live on radio 
[…] The Cuban President sounded less frail in this broadcast than he has in the past. 
He said to Mr Chavez : “I am feeling stronger every day and my illness have given me 
more time for reading - joking that he had become a student once again in his old age. 
He had praise for the Venezuelan leader for his handling of the South American 
country's economy.[…] 
 
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/newsenglish/witn/2007/02/070228_castro.shtml (adapted) 
 
Change the sentence in bold to the reported speech and make the necessary 
modifications. 
 
 
3) One of the sentences below is wrong. Mark it. 
 
a) They advised me not to go to that college. 
b) My parents suggested I go alone. 
c) Could you tell me where is the bank? 
d) He denied having done anything to be ashamed of. 
e) She asked me if I could help her with the bags. 
 
4) Change the following sentences from Direct Speech to Reported Speech. 
 
a) You can get a driver's license in two months. (say) 
 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 20 
 
b) I want to live in Rio de Janeiro with my family. (tell) 
 
c) My sister is having a party tomorrow. (say) 
 
d) I bought some books for my nephew. (say) 
 
e) They are going to visit us. (tell) 
 
f) I have never been to Ireland. (say) 
 
g) My neighbors will help Susan. (tell) 
 
h) Don't drive so fast! (asked) 
 
i) Please help me carry this heavy bag. (ask) 
 
j) Don't send me any flowers! (ask) 
 
k) What time is it? (ask) 
 
l) Why are you always so late? (want to know) 
 
m) Where have you been? (ask) 
 
5) Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note whether the sentence is a 
request, a statement or a question. 
 
a) He said, "I like this song." 
→ He said __________________________________________ 
 
b) "Where is your sister?" she asked me. 
→ She asked me ____________________________________ 
 
c) "I don't speak Italian," she said. 
→ She said ________________________________________ 
 
d) "Say hello to Jim," they said. 
→ They asked me ___________________________________ 
 
e) "The film began at seven o'clock," he said. 
→ He said _________________________________________ 
 
f) "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said. 
→ She told the boys _________________________________ 
 
g) "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him. 
→ She asked him ___________________________________ 
 
h) "I never make mistakes," he said. 
→ He said _________________________________________ 
 
i) "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know. 
→ He wanted to know ________________________________ 
 
j) "Don't try this at home," the stuntman told the audience. 
→ The stuntman advised the audience ___________________ 
 
 
 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 21 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Moon Craters 
 
The moon has attracted man’s attention since the beginning of civilization. 
Ancient Greeks discovered the influence of the moon upon the tides. Poets have 
looked at the moon with romantic eyes. Space scientists have not only studied it with 
their telescopes, but have also sent astronauts there. Nobody however, has found out 
all the answers to the mysteries of the moon. The origin of moon craters, for example, 
is still obscure. 
According to one theory, thousands of meteors have crashed against the 
surface of the moon. The impact of these crashes has formed the craters. They are pits 
and depressions on the lunar Editora Exato 26 surface. They have many sizes and 
forms. Some scientists have tried to prove this theory with plaster. They have drooped 
objects into wet plaster, trying to reproduce the formation of craters. Unfortunately, they 
have not been successful. 
According to other theories, the craters have appeared because of eruptions 
either of gas or lava. English physicist Robert Hook said, “The craters are the solidified 
residues of enormous bubbles”. This dispute has not ended yet. It has been very 
difficult to prove these theories. Scientists have already progressed a lot, but poets can 
be glad – the moon is still a romantic mystery to man. 
 
1. Julgue C (certo) ou E (errado) as afirmações abaixo de acordo com o texto: 
 
1 The moon appeared because of eruptions of gas and lava. 
2 Astronauts went to the moon. 
3 The moon influences the tides. 
4 Space scientists consider the moon a romantic mystery. 
5 Robert Hook agrees about the meteoric impact theory. 
 
2. A long time ago the Greeks: 
 
a) attracted the moon. 
b) attracted man’s attention. 
c) studied the moon. 
d) studied the poets. 
 
3. For the poets the moon: 
 
a) is the solidified residue of bubbles. 
b) is not a scientific mystery. 
c) is an obscure crater. 
d) is gas and lava. 
 
4. Scientists have dropped objects into wet plaster to: 
 
a) prove the formation of craters. 
b) prove the size and form of the craters. 
c) prove the origin of the meteors. 
d) prove that the poets are right. 
 
5. The surface of the moon: 
 
a) has wet plaster. 
b) has crashed against enormous bubbles. 
3º Ensino Médio – 2º semestre 22 
 
c) has no depression. 
d) has suffered the impact of meteors. 
 
 
 
 
6. An astronomer studies: 
 
a) the influence of the moon upon man’s life. 
b) the inluence of the stars upon civilization. 
c) the moon, the stars, and the planets. 
d) the bubbles, the meteors, and the astronauts. 
 
Stress 
 
When we are frightened and worried our bodies produce certain chemical to 
help us fight whT is troubling us. Unfortuntely these chemicals produce the energy 
needed to run away fast from an object of fear, and in modern life that’s often 
impossible. If we don’t use up these chemicals, or if we produce too many of them, 
they may actually harm us. The parts of the body that are most affected by stress are 
the stomach, heart, skin, head and back. Stress can cause car accidents, heart attacks 
and alcoholism, and may even drive people to suicide. 
As with all illnesses, prevention is better than cure. A very commom danger 
signal is the inability to relax. “When you’re taking work home, when you can’t enjoy an 
evening with friends, when you have no time outdoor exercise – that is the time to stop 
and ask yourself whether your present life really suits you”, says one family doctor. 
“Then it’s time to join a relaxation class, or take up dancing, painting or gardening.” 
 
1. Julgue C (certo) ou E (errado) as frases abaixo, de acordo com o texto acima. 
 
1 - The author describes stress as a natural reaction of the body to “dangers” 
encountered in our lives. 
2 - The author implies that solution to stress is to run away from our problems. 
3 It seems that many of our problems could well be symptoms of stress. 
4- The author believes that stress causes people to commit suicide by provoking car 
accidents. 
5 - The inability to relax is considered to be a “classic” indication that one is suffering 
from stress. 
6 - The author emphasizes that one must learn to dance in order to avoid stress.