agro aula 2

Prévia do material em texto

ATIVIDADE DIRIGIDA DO COMPONENTE DE INGLÊS TÉCNICO
PROFESSORA SARA B. DINIZ
AULA 2 – CURSO SUPERIOR EM AGRONOMIA
ACADÊMICO: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
RESPONDER AS QUESTÕES 1 A 5 BASEANDO-SE NO TEXTO 1 RETIRADO NA CENTRAL DE CÓPIAS PARA ESTA AULA.
READING FOR DETAIL AND DEDUCTING MEANING FROM CONTEXT
Check the option with the most appropriate title for the text.
Agriculture and industry: pros and cons of progress.
A brief introduction to the history of agriculture and industry.
Agriculture and industry: a timeline.
Begging of the civilization.
Read the text and put the events in chronological order. Number them in order and write the time period.
…………………………….: potato introduced in Europe.
…………………………….: uncontrolled use of pesticides.
…………………………….: wine-making.
…………………………….: irrigation.
…………………………….: domestication of pigs.
…………………………….: artesian wells.
…………………………….: start of silk industry.
…………………………….: the era of conservation and nutrition safe.
…………………………….: transgenic crops.
…………………………….: gasoline-driven tractor.
…………………………….: horses used for plowing.
Find the words or phrases in the text 1 that translate as the following terms.
Aração:
Rastelagem, limpeza com ancinho:
Adubagem:
Seda:
Poços:
Aço:
Safras:
Produtos derivados doo leite:
Trigo:
Desenvolvimento:
Armazenagem:
Temas, assuntos:
A timeline is a kind of text produced to help understand (with words and sometimes with images) chronological facts. Check some of the major characteristics of a timeline based on the text.
It’s fundamental to mention dates.
Sentences must be complete.
Most of its verbs should be in the past.
Verbs are normally used in the present.
Linking words are often used.
Images can be used to illustrate information.
Answer the questions in English.
What happened in 1747?
What happened in the 17th century?
What does EU mean?
What are the farming’s aims of this century?
TEXT 2: Agriculture evolution
 Farming and farm machinery have continued to evolve. The threshing machine has given way to the combine usually a self-propelled unit that either picks up windrowed grain or cuts and threshes it in one step. The grain binder has been replaced by the swathe which cuts the grain and lays it on the ground in windrows, allowing it to dry before being harvested by a combine. Plows are not used nearly as extensively as before, due in large part to the popularity of minimum tillage to reduce soil erosion and conserve moisture. The disk harrow today is more often used after harvesting to cut up the grain stubble left in the field. Although seed drills are still used, the air seeder is becoming more popular with farmers. Today's farm machinery allows farmers to cultivate many more acres of land than the machines of yesterday.
 Crop Rotation: growing the same crops repeatedly on the same land eventually depletes the soil of different nutrients. Farmers avoided a decrease in soil fertility by practicing crop rotation. Different plant crops were planted in a regular sequence so that the leaching of the soil by a crop of one kind of nutrient was followed by a plant crop that returned that nutrient to the soil. Crop rotation was practiced in ancient Roman, African, and Asian cultures. During the Middle Ages in Europe, a three-year crop rotation was practiced by farmers rotating rye or winter wheat in year one, followed by spring oats or barley in the second year, and followed by a third year of no crops. 
 In the 18th century, British agriculturalist Charles Townshend aided the European agricultural revolution by popularizing a four- year crop rotation with rotations of wheat, barley, turnips, and clover. In the United States, George Washington Carver brought his science of crop rotation to the farmers and saved the farming resources of the south.
The Agricultural Revolution
"The Age of Invention, A Chronicle of Mechanical Conquest" was first published in 1921 by Holland Thompson. This chapter discusses the evolution of inventions related to agriculture.
Horseshoes - Riding Saddles
The history of horseshoes, horseshoe nails, and riding saddles.
 Milking Machine: in 1879, Anna Baldwin patented a milking machine that replaced hand milking - her milking machine was a vacuum device that connected to a hand pump. This is one of the earliest American patents, however, it was not a successful invention. Successful milking machines appeared around 1870. 
 The earliest devices for mechanical milking were tubes inserted in the teats to force open the sphincter muscle, thus allowing the milk to flow. Wooden tubes were used for this purpose, as well as feather quills. Skillfully made tubes of pure silver, gutta percha, ivory, and bone were marketed in the mid-19th century. During the last half of the 19th century, over 100 milking devices were patented in the United States.
 Plow: John Deere invented the self-polishing cast steel plow - an improvement over the iron plow.
 Reaper: in 1831, Cyrus H. McCormick developed the first commercially successful reaper, a horse-drawn machine that harvested wheat.
 Tractors: the advent of tractors revolutionized the agricultural industry. 
Answer these questions in Portuguese:
Qual é a grande vantagem das máquinas de hoje em relação às do passado?
Qual é o problema de uma mesma cultura ser cultivada por muito tempo na mesma área de terra?
Onde a rotação de culturas foi inicialmente aplicada?
Que culturas de rotação foram empregadas por um britânico no século 18?
Qual é o assunto do livro "The Age of Invention, A Chronicle of Mechanical Conquest"?
Answer these questions in English:
Who is the woman who patented a milking machine?
How did this machine work?
Was it a successful invention?
What was John Deere’s invention?
How did George Washington Carver help American farmers?
Complete the sentences with bold words from the text:
Instead of spraying ………………… with pesticides, scientist are testing other alternatives.
Agriculture, also called ………………………………………. Sustain human life.
Frisians began to build dikes and reclaim ……………… in 1,000AD.
Scientists say new varieties of rice will make more …………………..
Rice is one of the cheapest …………………. Of food energy.
If more carbon is used to make grain, there is less in the ……………
In 1892, the first ………………….. were invented.
John Deere made a steel …………………. in Illinois, USA.
GM food doesn’t have the same ……………………….. that organic food.
A lot of ……………………………………. were created since last century.
 
TEXT 3: Organic foods
 Organic foods are foods that are produced using methods of organic farming that do not involve modern synthetic inputs such as synthetic pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Organic foods are also not processed using irradiation, industrial solvents, or chemical food additives. The organic farming movement arose in the 1940s in response to the industrialization of agriculture known as the Green Revolution. Organic food production is a heavily regulated industry, distinct from private gardening. Currently, the European Union, the United States, Canada, Japan and many other countries require producers to obtain special certification in order to market food as organic within their borders. In the context of these regulations, organic food is food produced in a way that complies with organic standards set by national governments and international organizations.
 Evidence on substantial differences between organic food and conventional food is insufficient to make claims that organic food is safer or healthier than conventional food. With respect to taste, the evidence is also insufficient to make scientific claims that organic food tastes better.Mark T (true) or F (false) to the sentences according to the text 3:
Organic foods need pesticides and fertilizers.
During Green Revolution, industries refused chemical fertilizers.
Nowadays, countries as Canada and the USA ask producers to get special certification about organic food.
Organic food needs to be according some governmental rules.
Scientists can say that organic food is healthier than conventional food.
Organic food tastes better than conventional food.
The organic farming movement started before 1940.
Synthetic fertilizers and chemical pesticides are banned by organic farmers.