Aula 7 Cristalização fracionada

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MINERALS: Building Blocks of the Planet
Silicate Structures
EARTH STUDIES
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ACCORDING TO MOHS HARDNESS SCALE, ORTHOCLASE HAS A HARDNESS OF:
8
5
6
3
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82.4%
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Very Common
 95% of All Minerals
 Silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O) bond Easily
SILICATES
Minerals Containing Silicon and Oxygen
Si
O
SINGLE SILICA TETRAHEDRON
SiO4
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Ions of Similar Charge & Size Can Easily Substitute for Each Other
Sizes and Charges of the Sixteen Most Common Elements
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ROCK FORMING SILICATES
FERROMAGNESIANS
 (Dark Silicates)
Olivine
Augite (Pyroxene)
Hornblende (Amphibole)
Biotite (Mica)
NON-FERROMAGNESIANS
 (Light Silicates)
Plagioclase (Feldspar)* 
Orthoclase (Feldspar)*
Muscovite (Mica)
Quartz (Only SiO2)
Dark Colored
 Contain Significant
	Iron (Fe) and
	Magnesium (Mg)
- High Specific Gravity
Light Colored
 Contain Minor to No
	Iron (Fe) and
	Magnesium (Mg)
- Low Specific Gravity
Common Mineral Characteristics
* Feldspars are the most common Silicate in the Earth’s Crust - approximately 60%
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Bowen’s Reaction Series
OLIVINE
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OLIVINE IS A DARK COLORED AND RELATIVELY DENSE MINERAL. THIS IS BECAUSE IT IS A:
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AUGITE –
SINGLE CHAIN
Bowen’s Reaction Series
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HORNBLENDE –
DOUBLE CHAIN
Bowen’s Reaction Series
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Bowen’s Reaction Series
BIOTITE –
SHEETS
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Ca RICH
 PLAGIOCLASE
Na RICH
FELDSPAR
Bowen’s Reaction Series
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ORTHOCLASE
Bowen’s Reaction Series
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BOWEN’S
REACTION
SERIES
SILICATE
STRUCTURES
STUDY GUIDES
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INCREASING
COMPLEXITY
Fe, Mg
SiO4
Decreasing
HIGH TEMP
LOW TEMP
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