<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/92fc91a7-5226-498c-abf4-903dc8836a80/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h1 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A déc<span class="_0 blank"></span>ada de 1930. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/92fc91a7-5226-498c-abf4-903dc8836a80/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1- O cr<span class="_0 blank"></span>esciment<span class="_0 blank"></span>o <span class="_1 blank"> </span>da ec<span class="_0 blank"></span>onomia <span class="_1 blank"> </span>norte-americana </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y3 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2-A crise de 1929 <span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y4 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3-O alastr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ament<span class="_0 blank"></span>o da crise </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y5 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1">4-<span class="ls1 ws0">O <span class="ls0">New Deal<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y6 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5- Entr<span class="_0 blank"></span>e a re<span class="_0 blank"></span>volução e o <span class="_1 blank"> </span>nazi-fascismo. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y7 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6-Car<span class="_0 blank"></span>acterís<span class="_0 blank"></span>ticas dos r<span class="_0 blank"></span>egimes totalitários. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y8 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">7- A Itália <span class="_0 blank"></span>às vésper<span class="_2 blank"></span>as <span class="_1 blank"> </span>do f<span class="_0 blank"></span>ascismo. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y9 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">8-Os f<span class="_0 blank"></span>ascist<span class="_0 blank"></span>as mar<span class="_0 blank"></span>cham sobre R<span class="_0 blank"></span>oma .<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ya ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">9- O saldo da guerr<span class="_2 blank"></span>a para a Alemanha; </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yb ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws2">10<span class="ls0 ws0">-Uma "solução" e<span class="_0 blank"></span>xtrem<span class="_0 blank"></span>a: <span class="_1 blank"> </span>o partido nazista <span class="_0 blank"></span>.<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yc ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws2">11<span class="ls0 ws0">- O putsch de Muni<span class="_1 blank"> </span>que e o Mein Kampf <span class="_0 blank"></span>; </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yd ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws2">12<span class="ls0 ws0">- Os nazistas <span class="_0 blank"></span>tomam o poder;<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ye ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws2">13<span class="ls0 ws0">- A expansão alemã. </span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/92fc91a7-5226-498c-abf4-903dc8836a80/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x3 h4 yf ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O crescimento <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="lsb ws3">da</span> economia <span class="_1 blank"> </span>norte-americana <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y10 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A<span class="_2 blank"></span> Primeira <span class="_3 blank"> </span>Guerra <span class="_3 blank"> </span>mostrou<span class="_1 blank"> </span>-se, <span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ls3">do<span class="ls4"> </span><span class="ws4">ponto</span><span class="ls4"> </span><span class="ws4">de</span></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>vista </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y11 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">eco-nômico, <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws4">um</span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>excelente <span class="_4 blank"> </span>negócio <span class="_4 blank"> </span>para <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws4">os</span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Estad<span class="_1 blank"> </span>os </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y12 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Unidos, <span class="ls3 ws4">na</span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>medida <span class="ls3 ws4">em</span><span class="ls5"> <span class="ls3">que</span></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>esta nação <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ocupou<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y13 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">lugar <span class="_7 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws4">dos</span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>grandes <span class="_7 blank"> </span>países<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>europeus <span class="_7 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws4">no</span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>comércio </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y14 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">mundial. <span class="_8 blank"> </span>O <span class="_8 blank"> </span>crescimento<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws4">da</span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>ec<span class="_1 blank"> </span>onomia <span class="_9 blank"> </span>norte<span class="_1 blank"> </span>-</div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y15 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">americana <span class="_a blank"> </span><span class="ls6 ws5">foi</span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>impressionante. <span class="_a blank"> </span><span class="lsc ws6">As</span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>indústrias<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y16 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">passaram <span class="_b blank"> </span>por <span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws4">um</span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>proces<span class="_1 blank"> </span>so <span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws4">de</span> <span class="_c blank"> </span>rápido </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y17 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">aperfei-çoament<span class="_1 blank"> </span>o <span class="_1 blank"> </span>tecnol<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ógico, <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls3">ao</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>mesmo<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>tempo <span class="_d blank"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y18 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsd ws7">se<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_e blank"> </span>tornaram <span class="_f blank"> </span>diversificadas <span class="_e blank"> </span>(ci<span class="_1 blank"> </span>nema, </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y19 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">eletrodomésticos, ae<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ronáutica, e<span class="_1 blank"> </span>tc.). Ent<span class="_1 blank"> </span>re <span class="ls3 ws4">1921</span> e<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y1a ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 lse ws8">1929<span class="ls0 ws0">, a produção aumentou: </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y1b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">automóveis <span class="ls3">255</span><span class="ws9">%;</span><span class="lsf"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y1c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">produtos químicos,<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="ls3">94</span>%; </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y1d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">borracha, <span class="ls3 ws4">86</span>%; <span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y1e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">produtos <span class="ls3 ws4">de</span> ferro <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e aço, <span class="ls3">70</span>%. <span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y1f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A<span class="_2 blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>automação <span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws4">das</span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>fábricas, <span class="_11 blank"> </span>porém, <span class="_11 blank"> </span>trouxe <span class="_10 blank"> </span>u<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ma </div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y20 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">conseqüência <span class="_12 blank"> </span><span class="lse ws8">que</span><span class="ls7"> <span class="lse ws8">aos</span></span> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>poucos <span class="_12 blank"> </span>significou <span class="_12 blank"> </span><span class="lse ws8">um</span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y21 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">importante <span class="_13 blank"> </span>indicador <span class="_13 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws4">de</span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>colapso: <span class="_14 blank"> </span>o <span class="_14 blank"> </span>desemp<span class="_1 blank"> </span>rego. <span class="_13 blank"> </span><span class="lsd ws7">Já</span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y22 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pelos <span class="_15 blank"> </span>meados <span class="_15 blank"> </span><span class="ls10 wsa">da</span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>década <span class="_16 blank"> </span><span class="ls3">de<span class="ls8"> </span><span class="ws4">20<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span></span>, <span class="_16 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws4">um</span> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>núme<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ro <span class="_16 blank"> </span>ca<span class="_1 blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y23 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">vez <span class="_6 blank"> </span>menor <span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws4">de</span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>trabalhadores<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>podia <span class="_17 blank"> </span>comprar<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>o <span class="_6 blank"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y24 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">eles <span class="_5 blank"> </span>próprios <span class="_5 blank"> </span>produziam, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>pois <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws4">as</span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>máquinas <span class="_5 blank"> </span>estavam </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y25 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">substituindo <span class="_16 blank"> </span>o <span class="_16 blank"> </span>o<span class="_1 blank"> </span>perário. <span class="_16 blank"> </span>Esse <span class="_16 blank"> </span>qu<span class="_1 blank"> </span>adro <span class="_16 blank"> </span>indicava <span class="_16 blank"> </span>uma<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y26 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">tendência <span class="_19 blank"> </span>à <span class="_19 blank"> </span>superprodução, <span class="_19 blank"> </span>e <span class="_19 blank"> </span><span class="ls9 wsb">isso<span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="lsa ws0"> <span class="ls3 ws4">quer</span><span class="ls0"> <span class="_19 blank"> </span>dizer </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y27 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">mercadoria <span class="_11 blank"> </span>encal<span class="_1 blank"> </span>hada, <span class="_11 blank"> </span>diminuição <span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="lse ws8">dos</span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>lucros <span class="_1a blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y28 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">falências<span class="_1 blank"> </span>. <span class="_2 blank"></span> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/92fc91a7-5226-498c-abf4-903dc8836a80/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y29 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2-A<span class="_1b blank"></span> crise <span class="ls15 wsc">de</span> <span class="ls16 wsd">1929</span> <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y2a ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>O <span class="_14 blank"> </span>setor <span class="_13 blank"> </span>agrícol<span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="_14 blank"> </span>americano <span class="_14 blank"> </span>também <span class="_4 blank"> </span>passava <span class="_14 blank"> </span>por </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y2b ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">dificuldad<span class="_0 blank"></span>es, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>pois, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>com <span class="_4 blank"> </span>o <span class="_5 blank"> </span>fim <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">da</span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>guerra, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>o <span class="_5 blank"> </span>volume <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">de</span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>cereais </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y2c ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">export<span class="_0 blank"></span>ados <span class="_13 blank"> </span>caiu <span class="_16 blank"> </span>bas<span class="_0 blank"></span>tante, <span class="_13 blank"> </span>sobrand<span class="_0 blank"></span>o <span class="_1d blank"> </span>gêner<span class="_0 blank"></span>os <span class="_1d blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">em</span> <span class="_1d blank"> </span>quanti<span class="_0 blank"></span>dade </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y2d ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">muito <span class="_14 blank"> </span>acima <span class="_13 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">do</span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>necessári<span class="_0 blank"></span>o <span class="_13 blank"> </span>para <span class="_14 blank"> </span>o <span class="_13 blank"> </span>abastecim<span class="_0 blank"></span>ento <span class="_13 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">da</span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>nação.<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h9 y2e ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls18 wsf">Em<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>decorrên<span class="_0 blank"></span>cia <span class="_7 blank"> </span><span class="ls19 ws10">da<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>superof<span class="_0 blank"></span>erta,<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1e blank"> </span><span class="ls19 ws10">os</span> <span class="_1e blank"> </span>preç<span class="_0 blank"></span>os <span class="_1e blank"> </span>de<span class="_0 blank"></span>spenca<span class="_0 blank"></span>ram, </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y2f ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">desestim<span class="_0 blank"></span>ulando <span class="_1a blank"> </span>a <span class="_1f blank"> </span>sua <span class="_1a blank"> </span>produção. <span class="_20 blank"> </span>Dessa <span class="_1a blank"> </span>forma, <span class="_20 blank"> </span>muitas </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y30 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">proprieda<span class="_2 blank"></span>des <span class="_21 blank"> </span>agr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ícolas <span class="_22 blank"> </span>foram <span class="_22 blank"> </span>vend<span class="_0 blank"></span>idas <span class="_22 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">ou</span> <span class="_22 blank"> </span>simplesm<span class="_0 blank"></span>ente </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y31 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls16 wsd">abandonadas<span class="ls0 ws0">. <span class="_2 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y32 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>Com <span class="_1 blank"> </span>o <span class="_1 blank"> </span>descompa<span class="_0 blank"></span>sso <span class="_1 blank"> </span>entre<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>o <span class="_1 blank"> </span>volume<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>oferecido <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e <span class="_1 blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y33 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">consumid<span class="_0 blank"></span>o, <span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">os</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>luc<span class="_0 blank"></span>ros <span class="_d blank"> </span>tende<span class="_0 blank"></span>ram <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_d blank"> </span>diminuir <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e <span class="_d blank"> </span>com <span class="_d blank"> </span>eles <span class="_1 blank"> </span>o <span class="_d blank"> </span>preço </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y34 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">das<span class="ls1a ws0"> <span class="ls0">açõe<span class="_0 blank"></span>s <span class="_23 blank"> </span>postas<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_23 blank"> </span>à <span class="_23 blank"> </span>v<span class="_0 blank"></span>enda <span class="_1e blank"> </span>nas <span class="_23 blank"> </span>bolsas <span class="_1e blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">de</span> <span class="_23 blank"> </span>v<span class="_0 blank"></span>alores. <span class="_1e blank"> </span>O </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y35 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">movim<span class="_0 blank"></span>ento <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">do</span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>merca<span class="_0 blank"></span>do <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">de<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>ações<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>torn<span class="_0 blank"></span>ou-<span class="lsd ws12">se<span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>indi<span class="_0 blank"></span>cativo <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">de</span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>que </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y36 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">a <span class="_4 blank"> </span>situação <span class="_4 blank"> </span>não<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_14 blank"> </span>era <span class="_4 blank"> </span>boa,<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>pois <span class="_14 blank"> </span>o <span class="_4 blank"> </span>volum<span class="_0 blank"></span>e <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">de</span> <span class="_14 blank"> </span>venda<span class="_0 blank"></span>s <span class="_4 blank"> </span>superav<span class="_0 blank"></span>a, </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y37 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls16 wsd">em<span class="ls0 ws0"> m<span class="_0 blank"></span>uito, o <span class="ls16 wsd">de</span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>compras. <span class="_2 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y38 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls11 ws0"> <span class="ls1b ws13">No</span><span class="ls12"> <span class="ls16 wsd">dia</span><span class="ls13"> <span class="ls17 wse">29</span><span class="ls14"> <span class="ls16 wsd">de</span><span class="ls0"> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>outu<span class="_0 blank"></span>bro <span class="_7 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">de</span> <span class="_1e blank"> </span>1929<span class="_0 blank"></span>, <span class="_7 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">na</span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>c<span class="_1 blank"> </span>h<span class="_0 blank"></span>amada </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y39 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Quinta--<span class="_0 blank"></span>feira <span class="_1d blank"> </span>Negra, <span class="_1d blank"> </span>aproximadam<span class="_0 blank"></span>ente<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">13</span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>milhões <span class="_1d blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">de<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> <span class="_1d blank"> </span>títulos </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y3a ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">foram <span class="_20 blank"> </span>re<span class="_0 blank"></span>sgatados <span class="_20 blank"> </span>a <span class="_1a blank"> </span>preços <span class="_20 blank"> </span>progres<span class="_0 blank"></span>sivamente<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1f blank"> </span>men<span class="_0 blank"></span>ores, </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y3b ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">espalhan<span class="_0 blank"></span>do <span class="_18 blank"> </span>o <span class="_d blank"> </span>pânico <span class="_18 blank"> </span>en<span class="_0 blank"></span>tre <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">os</span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>investidor<span class="_0 blank"></span>es, <span class="_18 blank"> </span>o <span class="_d blank"> </span>que <span class="_18 blank"> </span>acab<span class="_0 blank"></span>ou <span class="_18 blank"> </span>por </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y3c ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">provoca<span class="_0 blank"></span>r <span class="_4 blank"> </span>a <span class="_14 blank"> </span>quebra<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">da</span> <span class="_14 blank"> </span>Bolsa <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">de</span> <span class="_14 blank"> </span>Nova <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Iorque.<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_14 blank"> </span>O <span class="_4 blank"> </span>alto <span class="_4 blank"> </span>grau <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">de</span> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y3d ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">entrelaç<span class="_0 blank"></span>amento<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">da</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>economia<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>capitalista,<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>interliga<span class="_0 blank"></span>ndo <span class="_d blank"> </span>o <span class="_18 blank"> </span>capital<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y3e ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">bancário <span class="_1e blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">ao</span> <span class="_23 blank"> </span>capit<span class="_0 blank"></span>al <span class="_23 blank"> </span>industrial<span class="_0 blank"></span>, <span class="_23 blank"> </span>expandiu <span class="_1e blank"> </span>a <span class="_23 blank"> </span>crise<span class="_0 blank"></span>, <span class="_23 blank"> </span>que <span class="_1e blank"> </span><span class="lsd ws12">se</span> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y3f ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">espraiou<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>provocando<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>f<span class="_1 blank"> </span>al<span class="_0 blank"></span>ências, <span class="_11 blank"> </span>desempr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ego <span class="_11 blank"> </span>e <span class="_11 blank"> </span>o <span class="_1a blank"> </span>maior </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y40 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">colapso <span class="_2 blank"></span><span class="ls6 ws14">já<span class="ls0 ws0"> viv<span class="_0 blank"></span>ido <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">pelo</span> capitalismo <span class="_2 blank"></span>desde <span class="ls16 wsd">os</span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>seus inícios. <span class="_0 blank"></span> </span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/92fc91a7-5226-498c-abf4-903dc8836a80/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x5 ha y41 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3-O <span class="_0 blank"></span>alastramento <span class="_1b blank"></span><span class="ls1e ws15">da<span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls0 ws0"> crise <span class="_2 blank"></span><span class="ff3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y42 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>A<span class="_1b blank"></span> <span class="_19 blank"> </span>crise <span class="_19 blank"> </span>econôm<span class="_0 blank"></span>ica <span class="_19 blank"> </span>iniciad<span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="_19 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">na</span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y43 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">América <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">do</span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Norte <span class="_1 blank"> </span>alas-tro<span class="_0 blank"></span>u-<span class="lsd ws12">se<span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_d blank"> </span>rapid<span class="_0 blank"></span>amen<span class="_0 blank"></span>te <span class="_1 blank"> </span>por </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y44 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">todo <span class="_24 blank"> </span>o <span class="_24 blank"> </span>mundo<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_24 blank"> </span>ocidental, <span class="_24 blank"> </span>dada<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_25 blank"> </span>a <span class="_24 blank"> </span>alta </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y45 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">penetra<span class="_0 blank"></span>ção <span class="ls16 wsd">do</span> capital norte<span class="_0 blank"></span>-america<span class="_0 blank"></span>no, quer <span class="ls16 wsd">na</span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y46 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Europa<span class="_0 blank"></span>, <span class="_26 blank"> </span>quer<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_26 blank"> </span>nos <span class="_27 blank"> </span>pa<span class="_0 blank"></span>íses <span class="_26 blank"> </span>latino<span class="_0 blank"></span>s-ameri<span class="_0 blank"></span>canos. </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y47 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1f ws16">Os<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_28 blank"> </span>países <span class="_19 blank"> </span>europeu<span class="_0 blank"></span>s, <span class="_28 blank"> </span>reequilibr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ando <span class="_28 blank"> </span>suas </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y48 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">economi<span class="_0 blank"></span>as internas<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="ls17 wse">às<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> custas dos<span class="_0 blank"></span> empréstim<span class="_0 blank"></span>os </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y49 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">norte-am<span class="_0 blank"></span>ericano<span class="_0 blank"></span>s, mergulhar<span class="_0 blank"></span>am fundo <span class="ls16 wsd">na</span> crise, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y4a ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls16 wsd">pois<span class="ls1c ws0"> <span class="ls17 wse">os</span><span class="ls0"> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Estados<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Unidos deixaram <span class="ls16 wsd">de</span> con-cedê-</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y4b ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Ios. <span class="ls20 ws17">As</span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>falências to<span class="_0 blank"></span>rnaram-<span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="lsd ws12">se<span class="ls0 ws0"> fa<span class="_0 blank"></span>tos comun<span class="_0 blank"></span>s - <span class="ls17 wse">os</span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y4c ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">desemp<span class="_0 blank"></span>regado<span class="_0 blank"></span>s <span class="_4 blank"> </span>somara<span class="_0 blank"></span>m <span class="_4 blank"> </span>aprox<span class="_0 blank"></span>imadamen<span class="_0 blank"></span>te <span class="_4 blank"> </span>3 </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y4d ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">milhões <span class="ls16 wsd">de</span> pessoas <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">na</span> I<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ngl<span class="_0 blank"></span>aterra,<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>6 <span class="_1 blank"> </span>m<span class="_0 blank"></span>ilhões <span class="ls17 wse">na<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y4e ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Alemanha<span class="_0 blank"></span>, <span class="_15 blank"> </span>1 <span class="_17 blank"> </span>m<span class="_0 blank"></span>ilhão <span class="_15 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">na</span> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>Itália, <span class="_15 blank"> </span>sem <span class="_15 blank"> </span>contar <span class="_15 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">os</span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y4f ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">subempregad<span class="_0 blank"></span>os. <span class="_2 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h9 y50 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>A<span class="_1b blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>grande<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>crise <span class="_26 blank"> </span><span class="ls19 ws10">de<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span><span class="ls1d"> <span class="ls19 ws10">29</span></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>mer<span class="_0 blank"></span>gulhou<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y51 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">milhões <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">de</span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>pessoas <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">na</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>mai<span class="_0 blank"></span>s <span class="_1 blank"> </span>absoluta <span class="_1 blank"> </span>pobre<span class="_0 blank"></span>za. </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y52 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O <span class="_5 blank"> </span>clima <span class="_18 blank"> </span>reinante <span class="_18 blank"> </span>era <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">de</span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>instabilid<span class="_0 blank"></span>ade <span class="_18 blank"> </span>e <span class="_5 blank"> </span>tensão </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y53 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">social; <span class="_1 blank"> </span>greves <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e <span class="_d blank"> </span>manif<span class="_0 blank"></span>estações <span class="_1 blank"> </span>pipo-cav<span class="_2 blank"></span>am <span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">por</span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y54 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">toda <span class="_1 blank"> </span>par<span class="_0 blank"></span>te. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Foi<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>dentro <span class="_1 blank"> </span>des<span class="_0 blank"></span>se <span class="_1 blank"> </span>quadro<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">de</span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>penúria </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y55 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">econômi<span class="_0 blank"></span>ca <span class="_14 blank"> </span>e <span class="_14 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">de</span> <span class="_14 blank"> </span>pressão <span class="_4 blank"> </span>social <span class="_14 blank"> </span>que <span class="_4 blank"> </span>a <span class="_14 blank"> </span>maioria </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y56 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">das <span class="_d blank"> </span>nações <span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="lsd ws12">se</span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>organizou<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">no</span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>sentido <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">de</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>alterar </div><div class="t m0 x5 h9 y57 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">o <span class="_14 blank"> </span>rumo <span class="_14 blank"> </span>das <span class="_14 blank"> </span>coisas. <span class="_14 blank"> </span>Isso <span class="_13 blank"> </span>signi<span class="_0 blank"></span>ficou <span class="_14 blank"> </span>o <span class="_14 blank"> </span>aumento </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y58 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls16 wsd">da<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>int<span class="_0 blank"></span>ervenção <span class="ls16 wsd">do</span> Estado <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">na</span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>eco<span class="_0 blank"></span>nomia, <span class="ls16 wsd">do</span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>que<span class="_0 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y59 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">resultou<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>a <span class="_4 blank"> </span>ruptu<span class="_0 blank"></span>ra <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">do</span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>liberalismo<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>clássico, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y5a ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">defendia<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>o <span class="_1d blank"> </span>princípi<span class="_0 blank"></span>o <span class="_13 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">da<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>liberdade<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">de<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>iniciativa </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y5b ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">como <span class="_0 blank"></span>fator <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ls16 wsd">de<span class="ls0 ws0"> cres-cimento <span class="_2 blank"></span><span class="ls16 wsd">da<span class="ls0 ws0"> economia. <span class="_2 blank"></span> </span></span></span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/92fc91a7-5226-498c-abf4-903dc8836a80/bg6.png"><div class="t m0 x6 h7 y5c ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4-O <span class="_0 blank"></span>New<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"></span>Deal <span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y5d ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>O <span class="_27 blank"> </span>exemplo<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_27 blank"> </span>clássico <span class="_27 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">do</span> <span class="_27 blank"> </span>aum<span class="_0 blank"></span>ento<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_27 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">da<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y5e ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">presenç<span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">do</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>Estad<span class="_0 blank"></span>o <span class="_d blank"> </span>nos<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>assun<span class="_0 blank"></span>tos <span class="_d blank"> </span>eco<span class="_0 blank"></span>nômicos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>foi </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y5f ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">dado <span class="_15 blank"> </span>pelos <span class="_17 blank"> </span>Esta<span class="_0 blank"></span>dos <span class="_17 blank"> </span>Unido<span class="_0 blank"></span>s, <span class="_17 blank"> </span>que<span class="_0 blank"></span>, <span class="_17 blank"> </span>entr<span class="_0 blank"></span>e <span class="_17 blank"> </span>193<span class="_0 blank"></span>3 <span class="_17 blank"> </span>e<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y60 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1939, <span class="_22 blank"> </span>por <span class="_22 blank"> </span>meio <span class="_21 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">do</span> <span class="_21 blank"> </span>New <span class="_22 blank"> </span>Deal, <span class="_21 blank"> </span>passa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ram <span class="_21 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y61 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">desenv<span class="_0 blank"></span>olver <span class="_15 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_16 blank"> </span>política <span class="_16 blank"> </span>econômica <span class="_16 blank"> </span>dentro<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y62 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">limites <span class="_15 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">de</span><span class="ls21"> <span class="ls16 wsd">um</span></span> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>planejame<span class="_0 blank"></span>nto <span class="_15 blank"> </span>global. <span class="_16 blank"> </span>Controlando </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y63 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls16 wsd">os<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1d blank"> </span>exce<span class="_0 blank"></span>ssos <span class="_1d blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">do</span> <span class="_1d blank"> </span>capitalismo <span class="_13 blank"> </span>liberal, <span class="_13 blank"> </span>o <span class="_1d blank"> </span>preside<span class="_0 blank"></span>nte </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y64 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Roosev<span class="_0 blank"></span>elt <span class="_29 blank"> </span>elege<span class="_0 blank"></span>u-<span class="ls23 ws18">se</span><span class="ls22"> <span class="ls16 wsd">em</span></span> <span class="_2a blank"> </span>1932, <span class="_2a blank"> </span>gra<span class="_0 blank"></span>ças <span class="_2a blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">às</span> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y65 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">propo<span class="_0 blank"></span>stas <span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">de</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>uma <span class="_1 blank"> </span>virada <span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">no</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>paí<span class="_0 blank"></span>s, <span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">de</span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>forma <span class="_d blank"> </span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>não<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y66 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">mais <span class="_2b blank"> </span>permi<span class="_0 blank"></span>tir <span class="_2b blank"> </span>que<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2b blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">um</span> <span class="_2b blank"> </span>novo <span class="_23 blank"> </span>c<span class="_1 blank"> </span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span>os <span class="_2b blank"> </span>econômi<span class="_0 blank"></span>co </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y67 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">arruinasse <span class="_2 blank"></span>a nação. <span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h9 y68 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>Embora<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2b blank"> </span>criticado <span class="_2b blank"> </span>pelo<span class="_0 blank"></span>s <span class="_2b blank"> </span>adversá<span class="_0 blank"></span>rios </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y69 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">políticos <span class="_22 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">de</span> <span class="_22 blank"> </span>Roosev<span class="_0 blank"></span>elt, <span class="_22 blank"> </span>o <span class="_21 blank"> </span>New <span class="_22 blank"> </span>Deal <span class="_22 blank"> </span>foi <span class="_22 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">um</span> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y6a ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">conjunto <span class="_15 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">de</span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>medid<span class="_0 blank"></span>as <span class="_15 blank"> </span>para <span class="_15 blank"> </span>s<span class="_1 blank"> </span>u<span class="_0 blank"></span>perar <span class="_15 blank"> </span>a <span class="_17 blank"> </span>crise<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>q<span class="_0 blank"></span>ue, </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y6b ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">entre <span class="_22 blank"> </span>1929 <span class="_22 blank"> </span>e <span class="_22 blank"> </span>1933, <span class="_22 blank"> </span>mergulh<span class="_0 blank"></span>ou <span class="_22 blank"> </span>a <span class="_22 blank"> </span>sociedade </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y6c ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">america<span class="_0 blank"></span>na <span class="_2c blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">em</span> <span class="_2c blank"> </span>uma<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2c blank"> </span>profund<span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="_2c blank"> </span>depre<span class="_0 blank"></span>ssão. </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y6d ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Observ<span class="_0 blank"></span>ando <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>evolução<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">da</span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>curva <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">de<span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>desem<span class="_0 blank"></span>prego, </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y6e ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">pode-<span class="lsd ws12">se<span class="_2 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>con<span class="_0 blank"></span>cluir <span class="_15 blank"> </span>quer <span class="_15 blank"> </span>embora <span class="_16 blank"> </span>o <span class="_15 blank"> </span>New <span class="_15 blank"> </span>Deal <span class="_15 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">não</span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y6f ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">tivesse <span class="_21 blank"> </span>resolv<span class="_0 blank"></span>ido <span class="_21 blank"> </span>totalmente <span class="_21 blank"> </span>o <span class="_21 blank"> </span>problem<span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="_21 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">nos<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y70 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Estados <span class="_14 blank"> </span>Unido<span class="_0 blank"></span>s, <span class="_14 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">há</span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>indício<span class="_0 blank"></span>s <span class="_14 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">de</span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_4 blank"> </span>significativ<span class="_0 blank"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y71 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">recuper<span class="_0 blank"></span>ação <span class="_18 blank"> </span>eco<span class="_0 blank"></span>nômica <span class="_18 blank"> </span>ent<span class="_0 blank"></span>re <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">os</span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>ano<span class="_0 blank"></span>s <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">de</span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>1933 <span class="_18 blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y72 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1937. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>O <span class="_7 blank"> </span>funcionamen<span class="_0 blank"></span>to <span class="_7 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">da</span> <span class="_1e blank"> </span>indú<span class="_0 blank"></span>s-tria <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_1e blank"> </span>pleno<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y73 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">vapor <span class="ls17 wse">e,</span><span class="ls1c"> <span class="ls16 wsd">em</span></span> conseqüê<span class="_0 blank"></span>ncia, a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>d<span class="_0 blank"></span>rástica redu-<span class="_0 blank"></span>ção <span class="ls17 wse">do<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y74 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">número<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">de</span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>desem<span class="_0 blank"></span>pregad<span class="_0 blank"></span>os, <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="lsd ws12">só<span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>foi <span class="_1 blank"> </span>possív<span class="_0 blank"></span>el <span class="_1 blank"> </span>com <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 y75 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">eclosão <span class="_2 blank"></span><span class="ls16 wsd">da<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="ls20 ws17">Segunda</span> <span class="ls1f ws16">Guerra</span> <span class="_2 blank"></span>Mundial, <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ls16 wsd">em<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span>1939<span class="ls0 ws0">. <span class="_0 blank"></span> </span></span></span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/92fc91a7-5226-498c-abf4-903dc8836a80/bg7.png"><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y76 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5-Entre <span class="_2 blank"></span>a revolução <span class="_0 blank"></span>e o nazi-fascismo<span class="_0 blank"></span>.<span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y77 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>A<span class="_1b blank"></span> catá<span class="_0 blank"></span>strofe<span class="_0 blank"></span> e<span class="_0 blank"></span>conômica <span class="_17 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">de</span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>1<span class="_0 blank"></span>929 <span class="_17 blank"> </span>atin<span class="_0 blank"></span>giu </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y78 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">todo <span class="_2c blank"> </span>o<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2c blank"> </span>mund<span class="_0 blank"></span>o <span class="_2c blank"> </span>capi<span class="_0 blank"></span>talista. <span class="_2c blank"> </span>-A<span class="_1b blank"></span> <span class="_2c blank"> </span>mai<span class="_0 blank"></span>s <span class="_2c blank"> </span>grav<span class="_0 blank"></span>e </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y79 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">conseqü<span class="_0 blank"></span>ência <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">da</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>cr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ise <span class="_1 blank"> </span>f<span class="_1 blank"> </span>oi<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>escalad<span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">do</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>de<span class="_0 blank"></span>sempreg<span class="_0 blank"></span>o<span class="ff4"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y7a ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls16 wsd">que<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_20 blank"> </span>atingiu <span class="_20 blank"> </span>níveis <span class="_20 blank"> </span>sem <span class="_20 blank"> </span>preced<span class="_0 blank"></span>entes. <span class="_20 blank"> </span>Nos <span class="_20 blank"> </span>três </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y7b ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">primeiro<span class="_0 blank"></span>s <span class="ls17 wse">da</span> dé<span class="_0 blank"></span>cada <span class="_17 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">de</span> 19<span class="_0 blank"></span>30, <span class="_17 blank"> </span>a <span class="_17 blank"> </span>força <span class="_17 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">de</span> tra<span class="_0 blank"></span>balho<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y7c ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">desocup<span class="_0 blank"></span>ada chego<span class="_0 blank"></span>u a <span class="ls17 wse">23</span>% <span class="_27 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">na</span> Inglaterra<span class="_0 blank"></span>, <span class="ls17 wse">29</span>% <span class="_27 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">na</span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y7d ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Áustria <span class="_0 blank"></span>e <span class="ls16 wsd">44</span>% <span class="ls16 wsd">na</span> <span class="_1b blank"></span>Alem<span class="_0 blank"></span>anha. </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y7e ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>A<span class="_1b blank"></span> <span class="_1d blank"> </span>crise <span class="_1d blank"> </span>econômi<span class="_0 blank"></span>ca <span class="_1d blank"> </span>produziu <span class="_13 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_13 blank"> </span>grand<span class="_0 blank"></span>e </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y7f ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">divisão <span class="_d blank"> </span>política <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">na</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>Europa. <span class="_d blank"> </span>O <span class="_18 blank"> </span>liberalismo <span class="_d blank"> </span>parecia <span class="_d blank"> </span>não </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y80 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ter <span class="_26 blank"> </span>resposta<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>par<span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="_26 blank"> </span>a <span class="_3 blank"> </span>crise.<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>T<span class="_1b blank"></span>rabalha<span class="_0 blank"></span>dores, <span class="_26 blank"> </span>ativistas </div><div class="t m0 x7 h9 y81 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">político<span class="_0 blank"></span>s <span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_3 blank"> </span>intelectuais<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>denun<span class="_0 blank"></span>ciavam <span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_3 blank"> </span>ca<span class="_0 blank"></span>pitalism<span class="_0 blank"></span>o </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y82 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">como <span class="_2d blank"> </span>respo<span class="_0 blank"></span>n-sável <span class="_2d blank"> </span>pela <span class="_2d blank"> </span>cri<span class="_0 blank"></span>se <span class="_2d blank"> </span>e <span class="_2d blank"> </span>pregavam <span class="_2d blank"> </span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y83 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">revoluçã<span class="_0 blank"></span>o <span class="_1a blank"> </span>socialista,<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1a blank"> </span>a <span class="_11 blank"> </span>exemplo <span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">do<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span><span class="ls24"> <span class="ls16 wsd">que</span><span class="ls25"> </span></span><span class="ff4 ws11">-<span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ff3 ws0">havia<span class="_0 blank"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y84 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">aconte<span class="_0 blank"></span>cido <span class="_17 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">na</span> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>Rússia <span class="_15 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">em</span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>191<span class="_0 blank"></span>7. <span class="_17 blank"> </span>Se<span class="_0 blank"></span>tores <span class="_15 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">da<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>classe </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y85 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">média <span class="_27 blank"> </span>e <span class="_27 blank"> </span>a <span class="_27 blank"> </span>gra<span class="_0 blank"></span>nde <span class="_27 blank"> </span>burgue<span class="_0 blank"></span>sia, <span class="_27 blank"> </span>preo<span class="_0 blank"></span>cupados com <span class="_27 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y86 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">iminência<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_27 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">de</span> <span class="_26 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_27 blank"> </span>rev<span class="_0 blank"></span>olução, <span class="_27 blank"> </span>apoiar<span class="_0 blank"></span>am, <span class="_27 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">em</span> <span class="_27 blank"> </span>vários </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y87 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">casos, <span class="_1e blank"> </span>proposta<span class="_0 blank"></span>s <span class="_23 blank"> </span>autori<span class="_0 blank"></span>tárias, <span class="_1e blank"> </span>com <span class="_23 blank"> </span>o <span class="_1e blank"> </span>objetivo <span class="_1e blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">de</span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y88 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">defende<span class="_0 blank"></span>r <span class="_d blank"> </span>o <span class="_d blank"> </span>capitalismo <span class="_d blank"> </span>contra <span class="_d blank"> </span>a <span class="_d blank"> </span>amea<span class="_0 blank"></span>ça <span class="_d blank"> </span>comunista <span class="_d blank"> </span>e<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y89 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">recuperar <span class="_2 blank"></span>valores <span class="_0 blank"></span>nacionais. </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y8a ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>Crise <span class="_20 blank"> </span>econôm<span class="_0 blank"></span>ica, <span class="_1a blank"> </span>polarização <span class="_1a blank"> </span>política, </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y8b ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ressen<span class="_0 blank"></span>timentos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>com <span class="_d blank"> </span>o <span class="_d blank"> </span>d<span class="_0 blank"></span>esfecho <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">da</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>guer<span class="_0 blank"></span>ra, <span class="_d blank"> </span>as<span class="_0 blank"></span>sim <span class="_d blank"> </span>era </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y8c ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">o <span class="_1 blank"> </span>quadro <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">da<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>Eur<span class="_0 blank"></span>opa <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">no</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>iní<span class="_0 blank"></span>cio <span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">dos</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>ano<span class="_0 blank"></span>s <span class="_d blank"> </span>1930<span class="_0 blank"></span>. <span class="_d blank"> </span>Entr<span class="_0 blank"></span>e <span class="_d blank"> </span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y8d ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">revoluçã<span class="_0 blank"></span>o, o liberali<span class="_0 blank"></span>smo e <span class="ls17 wse">as</span> propo<span class="_0 blank"></span>stas autori<span class="_0 blank"></span>tárias <span class="ls17 wse">ou</span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y8e ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">totalitárias, <span class="_2 blank"></span><span class="ls16 wsd">em<span class="ls0 ws0"> muitos países <span class="_2 blank"></span>venceu a última <span class="_2 blank"></span>opção. </span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/92fc91a7-5226-498c-abf4-903dc8836a80/bg8.png"><div class="t m0 x8 h4 y8f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6- <span class="_b blank"> </span>Caracter<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ísticas <span class="_2e blank"> </span><span class="lsb ws3">dos</span> <span class="_2e blank"> </span>regimes </div><div class="t m0 x8 hb y90 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws19">totalitários<span class="ff3 ws0">. </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y91 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls26 ws0"> <span class="ls1f ws1a">Nos</span><span class="ls0"> <span class="_2f blank"> </span>regimes <span class="_2f blank"> </span>totalitários<span class="_1 blank"> </span>, <span class="_2f blank"> </span>a </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y92 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">vontade <span class="_30 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws4">do</span> <span class="_30 blank"> </span>grupo <span class="_30 blank"> </span>governa<span class="_1 blank"> </span>nte <span class="_30 blank"> </span><span class="lsd ws7">se</span> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y93 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">confunde <span class="_17 blank"> </span>com <span class="_17 blank"> </span>a <span class="_17 blank"> </span>vontade <span class="_17 blank"> </span><span class="ls3">do</span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>Estado. <span class="_17 blank"> </span><span class="lsc ws6">As</span> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y94 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">instâncias <span class="ls3">da</span> <span class="_27 blank"> </span>vida <span class="_27 blank"> </span>particular e cotidiana </div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y95 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">dos<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>indivíduos<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>sofrem <span class="_17 blank"> </span>a <span class="_15 blank"> </span>interfe<span class="_1 blank"> </span>rência <span class="_17 blank"> </span></span>do<span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y96 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Estado: <span class="_11 blank"> </span>vida <span class="_10 blank"> </span>ín<span class="_1 blank"> </span>tima, <span class="_11 blank"> </span>formas <span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="ls10 wsa">de</span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>lazer<span class="_1b blank"></span>, </div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y97 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">leituras, <span class="_1f blank"> </span>crenças. <span class="_19 blank"> </span>O <span class="_1f blank"> </span>uso <span class="_1f blank"> </span><span class="lse ws8">da<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> <span class="_20 blank"> </span>fo<span class="_1 blank"> </span>rça <span class="_1f blank"> </span>é </div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y98 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">também <span class="_5 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_5 blank"> </span>caracte<span class="_1 blank"> </span>rística <span class="_5 blank"> </span>marc<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ante <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws4">dos</span> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y99 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">regimes total<span class="_1 blank"> </span>itários: <span class="ls6 ws5">toda</span> e<span class="_1 blank"> </span> qualquer forma<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y9a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3">de<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>oposição <span class="_17 blank"> </span></span><span class="ws4">em</span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>relaç<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ão <span class="_15 blank"> </span></span><span class="ws4">às</span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>decisões<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_15 blank"> </span></span><span class="ws4">do</span><span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y9b ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">governo é encarada <span class="_1 blank"> </span>como crime. <span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h4 y9c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_31 blank"> </span>O <span class="_20 blank"> </span><span class="ff2">fasc<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ismo, <span class="_1f blank"> </span></span><span class="ls3">na</span> <span class="_20 blank"> </span>Itália, <span class="_1f blank"> </span>e <span class="_20 blank"> </span>o<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x8 hb y9d ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">nazismo, <span class="_17 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 lse ws8">na</span><span class="ff3"> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>Alemanha <span class="_17 blank"> </span>for<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ma <span class="_17 blank"> </span><span class="lse ws8">duas</span><span class="ls27"> <span class="lse ws8">das</span></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y9e ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">principais <span class="_32 blank"> </span>manifestações<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_32 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws4">de</span> <span class="_32 blank"> </span>regimes </div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y9f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">militarizados <span class="_d blank"> </span>e <span class="_1 blank"> </span>centralizadores<span class="ls28"> <span class="ls3">na</span></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Europa<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 ya0 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3">do<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_28 blank"> </span>entreguerra<span class="_1 blank"> </span>s. <span class="_28 blank"> </span>Mas <span class="_28 blank"> </span></span>não<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_2d blank"> </span>foram <span class="_28 blank"> </span></span><span class="ws4">as</span><span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 ya1 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">únicas. <span class="_33 blank"> </span>Portugal, <span class="_33 blank"> </span>Espanha,<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_33 blank"> </span>Polônia, </div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 ya2 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Áustria, <span class="_1a blank"> </span>Hungria,<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>ent<span class="_1 blank"> </span>re <span class="_1a blank"> </span>outros<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>país<span class="_1 blank"> </span>es, </div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 ya3 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">também tiv<span class="_1 blank"> </span>eram experiências autoritárias<span class="_1 blank"> </span>. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/92fc91a7-5226-498c-abf4-903dc8836a80/bg9.png"><div class="t m0 x5 hc ya4 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">7- <span class="_1b blank"></span>A<span class="_1b blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Itália <span class="ls29">às</span> v<span class="_0 blank"></span>ésperas <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls2b ws1b">do</span> fascismo. <span class="ff3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hd ya5 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_34 blank"> </span>A<span class="_1b blank"></span> <span class="_14 blank"> </span>economia<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_14 blank"> </span>italiana<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_14 blank"> </span>teve <span class="_13 blank"> </span><span class="ls29 ws1c">um</span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd ya6 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">enorme <span class="_2b blank"> </span>impulso <span class="_2b blank"> </span>durante <span class="_22 blank"> </span>a <span class="_2b blank"> </span>Primeira </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd ya7 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Guerra <span class="_35 blank"> </span>Mundial<span class="_1 blank"> </span>. <span class="_2c blank"> </span>Estimulada <span class="_35 blank"> </span>pel<span class="_1 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd ya8 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">indústria <span class="_16 blank"> </span><span class="ls29">de</span> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>armamentos, <span class="_16 blank"> </span>a <span class="_16 blank"> </span>p<span class="_1 blank"> </span>rodução </div><div class="t m0 x5 he ya9 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls2c ws1d">de<span class="ls2a ws0"> </span>aço<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e <span class="_1 blank"> </span>ferro, <span class="_1 blank"> </span></span>por<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>exemplo, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>elevou-<span class="ls2d ws1e">se</span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yaa ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls29">de<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>200<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_1d blank"> </span>mil<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_1d blank"> </span>ton<span class="_1 blank"> </span>eladas <span class="_16 blank"> </span></span><span class="ws1c">por</span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>an<span class="_1 blank"> </span>o <span class="_16 blank"> </span>para <span class="_15 blank"> </span>1 </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yab ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">milhão <span class="_10 blank"> </span><span class="ls29 ws1c">de</span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>toneladas<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>entre <span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="ls29">1915</span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>e<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yac ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls29">1917<span class="ls0 ws0">. </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yad ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_34 blank"> </span>Após <span class="_23 blank"> </span>a <span class="_23 blank"> </span>guerra, <span class="_23 blank"> </span>contudo, <span class="_23 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yae ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">inflação <span class="_5 blank"> </span>e <span class="_4 blank"> </span>a <span class="_4 blank"> </span>desvalorização <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ls29">da</span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>moeda </div><div class="t m0 x5 he yaf ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">italiana <span class="_13 blank"> </span>contribuíram <span class="_14 blank"> </span>para <span class="_13 blank"> </span>eliminar <span class="_13 blank"> </span><span class="ls2c ws1d">um</span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yb0 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">grande <span class="_1 blank"> </span>número <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls29 ws1c">de</span> médias <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e <span class="_1 blank"> </span>pequenas </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yb1 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">empresas <span class="_36 blank"> </span>e <span class="_36 blank"> </span>para <span class="_36 blank"> </span>aumentar <span class="_36 blank"> </span>o<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yb2 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">desemprego. <span class="_9 blank"> </span>A<span class="_1b blank"></span> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>sociedade <span class="_9 blank"> </span>italiana </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yb3 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">enfrentava <span class="_24 blank"> </span>também <span class="_24 blank"> </span>o <span class="_24 blank"> </span>dra<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ma <span class="_29 blank"> </span><span class="ls29 ws1c">das</span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yb4 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">perdas h<span class="_1 blank"> </span>umanas <span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ls29 ws1c">na</span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>gu<span class="_1 blank"> </span>erra: <span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ls29">600</span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>mil </div><div class="t m0 x5 he yb5 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">mortos <span class="_11 blank"> </span>e <span class="_11 blank"> </span>500 <span class="_1a blank"> </span>mil <span class="_11 blank"> </span>mutilados. <span class="_11 blank"> </span>Além </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yb6 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">disso, <span class="_15 blank"> </span><span class="ls29 ws1c">os</span> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>italianos <span class="_15 blank"> </span>se <span class="_15 blank"> </span>sentiam<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>traídos </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yb7 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pelos <span class="_1d blank"> </span>aliados<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>p<span class="_1 blank"> </span>or <span class="_1d blank"> </span><span class="ls29 ws1c">não</span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>terem <span class="_1d blank"> </span>recebi<span class="_1 blank"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yb8 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls29 ws1c">os<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>terr<span class="_0 blank"></span>itórios <span class="_17 blank"> </span>prometidos <span class="_15 blank"> </span><span class="ls29 ws1c">em</span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>troca <span class="_15 blank"> </span><span class="ls29 ws1c">do<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yb9 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">apoio <span class="ls29">da</span> Itália <span class="ls29 ws1c">aos</span> países <span class="ls29">da</span> Entente. <span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/92fc91a7-5226-498c-abf4-903dc8836a80/bga.png"><div class="t m0 x9 ha yba ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">8- <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ls2f ws1f">Os<span class="ls0 ws0"> fascistas <span class="_2 blank"></span>marcham <span class="_0 blank"></span>sobre <span class="_0 blank"></span>Roma <span class="ff3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 ybb ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>A<span class="_1b blank"></span> crise <span class="_15 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">do</span> pó<span class="_0 blank"></span>s-guerra <span class="_15 blank"> </span>e o <span class="_15 blank"> </span>f<span class="_1 blank"> </span>o<span class="_0 blank"></span>rtalecimen<span class="_0 blank"></span>to <span class="_17 blank"> </span>das </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 ybc ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">organi<span class="_0 blank"></span>zações <span class="_23 blank"> </span>oper<span class="_0 blank"></span>árias <span class="_23 blank"> </span>repr<span class="_0 blank"></span>esentav<span class="_0 blank"></span>am <span class="_23 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_23 blank"> </span>amea<span class="_0 blank"></span>ça <span class="_23 blank"> </span>à </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 ybd ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">manut<span class="_0 blank"></span>enção <span class="_2d blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">da</span> <span class="_2d blank"> </span>mona<span class="_2 blank"></span>rquia <span class="_2d blank"> </span>italiana. <span class="_2d blank"> </span>O <span class="_2d blank"> </span>av<span class="_2 blank"></span>anç<span class="_1 blank"> </span>o<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2d blank"> </span>das </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 ybe ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">propo<span class="_0 blank"></span>stas <span class="_12 blank"> </span>socialistas <span class="_12 blank"> </span>influen<span class="_0 blank"></span>ciadas <span class="_12 blank"> </span>pelo <span class="_12 blank"> </span>triunfo <span class="_25 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">da</span> </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 ybf ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Revolu-ção<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_37 blank"> </span>Russ<span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="_37 blank"> </span>e<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_37 blank"> </span>a <span class="_38 blank"> </span>crise <span class="_2d blank"> </span>social <span class="_38 blank"> </span>gerada <span class="_38 blank"> </span>pelas </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yc0 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">conseqü<span class="_0 blank"></span>ências <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">da</span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>guerra<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>abriram<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>espaço <span class="_18 blank"> </span>para <span class="_18 blank"> </span>a <span class="_18 blank"> </span>fundação </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yc1 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">dos <span class="_29 blank"> </span><span class="ff4">fascio <span class="_29 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">di</span> <span class="_29 blank"> </span>combattimen<span class="_0 blank"></span>to, <span class="_29 blank"> </span><span class="ff3">grupos <span class="_2a blank"> </span>para-militar<span class="_0 blank"></span>es </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yc2 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws14">liderados<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_2 blank"></span><span class="ls16 wsd">por<span class="ls0 ws0"> Benito Mussolini. <span class="_2 blank"></span> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yc3 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls2e ws0"> <span class="ls20 ws17">Em</span><span class="ls0"> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>1922, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Mu<span class="_0 blank"></span>ssolini <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e <span class="_7 blank"> </span>seu <span class="_7 blank"> </span>grupo<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>atacav<span class="_0 blank"></span>am </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yc4 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">violentam<span class="_0 blank"></span>ente <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">as</span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>orga<span class="_0 blank"></span>nizações <span class="_5 blank"> </span>operárias <span class="_5 blank"> </span>e <span class="_4 blank"> </span>socialistas. <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ls30 ws20">Os<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yc5 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">fascista<span class="_0 blank"></span>s <span class="_3 blank"> </span>c<span class="_1 blank"> </span>o<span class="_0 blank"></span>ntavam <span class="_3 blank"> </span>com <span class="_3 blank"> </span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span>poio <span class="_3 blank"> </span>financeiro<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_3 blank"> </span>principais<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yc6 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">latifundiá<span class="_0 blank"></span>rios, <span class="_29 blank"> </span>comer<span class="_0 blank"></span>ciantes,<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_29 blank"> </span>banqueir<span class="_0 blank"></span>os <span class="_29 blank"> </span>e <span class="_2a blank"> </span>industriais </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yc7 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">italianos<span class="_0 blank"></span>, <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">que</span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>aderi<span class="_0 blank"></span>ram <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">ao</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>fascismo <span class="_18 blank"> </span>para<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>impedir <span class="_18 blank"> </span>o <span class="_d blank"> </span>avanço </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yc8 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls16 wsd">da<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_0 blank"></span>revolução e<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="ls16 wsd">do</span> socialismo. <span class="_2 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yc9 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls2e ws0"> <span class="ls20 ws17">Em</span><span class="ls0"> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>outubro <span class="_18 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">de</span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>1922<span class="_0 blank"></span>, <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">os</span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>fascistas<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>promoveram<span class="_0 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yca ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">a <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ff2">Marcha <span class="_5 blank"> </span>sobre <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Roma. <span class="_5 blank"> </span></span>Nela <span class="_4 blank"> </span>exigiam<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>a <span class="_5 blank"> </span>entrega <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">do</span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>poder </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 ycb ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">para <span class="_2b blank"> </span>Mu<span class="_0 blank"></span>ssolini. <span class="_2b blank"> </span>O <span class="_2b blank"> </span>rei<span class="_0 blank"></span>, <span class="_2b blank"> </span>pressiona<span class="_2 blank"></span>do, <span class="_2b blank"> </span>convocou<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2b blank"> </span>o <span class="_2b blank"> </span>líder </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 ycc ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">fascista <span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ls31 ws21">(a<span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>partir<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">de</span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>en<span class="_0 blank"></span>tão <span class="_3 blank"> </span>con<span class="_0 blank"></span>hecido <span class="_26 blank"> </span>c<span class="_1 blank"> </span>om<span class="_0 blank"></span>o <span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ff4">Du<span class="_0 blank"></span>ce, <span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="ff3">o </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 ycd ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">condutor) <span class="_2 blank"></span>a formar <span class="_2 blank"></span><span class="ls16 wsd">um<span class="ls0 ws0"> novo governo. <span class="_2 blank"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yce ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>Depois <span class="_39 blank"> </span>disso, <span class="_39 blank"> </span>a <span class="_39 blank"> </span>Itália <span class="_39 blank"> </span>entrou<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_39 blank"> </span>numa <span class="_39 blank"> </span>fase <span class="_39 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">de</span> </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 ycf ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">recuper<span class="_0 blank"></span>ação. <span class="_13 blank"> </span>O <span class="_1d blank"> </span>investimen<span class="_0 blank"></span>to <span class="_1d blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">do</span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>Estado<span class="_2 blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">na</span> <span class="_1d blank"> </span>infra-estru<span class="_0 blank"></span>tura </div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 yd0 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">urban<span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="_4 blank"> </span>e <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ls19 ws10">na<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>construç<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ls19 ws10">de</span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>obras <span class="_5 blank"> </span>pública<span class="_0 blank"></span>s <span class="_4 blank"> </span>foi <span class="_4 blank"> </span>a <span class="_5 blank"> </span>estratégi<span class="_0 blank"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yd1 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">dos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>fascistas <span class="_1 blank"> </span>para <span class="_1 blank"> </span>combate<span class="_0 blank"></span>r <span class="_1 blank"> </span>o <span class="_d blank"> </span>desem<span class="_0 blank"></span>prego. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>A<span class="_1b blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>situa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ção <span class="_1 blank"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yd2 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">trabalhadores<span class="_0 blank"></span>, <span class="_2 blank"></span>c<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ontudo, <span class="_2 blank"></span><span class="ls16 wsd">não<span class="ls0 ws0"> melhorou <span class="_2 blank"></span>signific<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ativ<span class="_0 blank"></span>amente. <span class="_2 blank"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yd3 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_1c blank"> </span>Exercend<span class="_0 blank"></span>o <span class="_2b blank"> </span>uma <span class="_2b blank"> </span>brutal<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2b blank"> </span>repress<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão <span class="_2b blank"> </span>contra<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2b blank"> </span><span class="ls17 wse">os<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yd4 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">opositor<span class="_0 blank"></span>es, <span class="_4 blank"> </span>a <span class="_4 blank"> </span>ditadura<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>fascista <span class="_4 blank"> </span>italiana, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>sob <span class="_4 blank"> </span>o <span class="_14 blank"> </span>comand<span class="_0 blank"></span>o <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ls16 wsd">do</span> </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yd5 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Duce, <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ws11">ma<span class="_0 blank"></span>ntev<span class="_0 blank"></span>e-<span class="ls23 ws18">se</span><span class="ws0"> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>duran<span class="_0 blank"></span>te <span class="ls16 wsd">os</span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>anos 1930 <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e <span class="lsd ws12">só</span> f<span class="_1 blank"> </span>oi<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>derr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ubada </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yd6 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls16 wsd">ao<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_0 blank"></span>final <span class="ls16 wsd">da</span> <span class="ls20 ws17">Segunda</span> <span class="_2 blank"></span><span class="ls1f ws16">Guerra<span class="ls0 ws0"> M<span class="_0 blank"></span>undial </span></span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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