<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/74c78fd9-7200-4df1-b7b4-fe8cb42f6cf8/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h1 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Estados Unidos <span class="_0 blank"></span>(1945<span class="_1 blank"></span>-1991)<span class="ff2"> </span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/74c78fd9-7200-4df1-b7b4-fe8cb42f6cf8/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y3 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y5 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1- Introdução; </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y6 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2-Pós-Segunda <span class="_0 blank"></span>Guerra Mundial;<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y7 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3-Harry <span class="_0 blank"></span>T<span class="_2 blank"></span>ruman (1945-1953); </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y8 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.1- Doutrina <span class="_2 blank"></span>T<span class="_0 blank"></span>rum<span class="_0 blank"></span>an e o aumento das tensões;<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y9 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4- D<span class="_0 blank"></span>wight<span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls3"> </span>Eisen<span class="_1 blank"> </span>hower (1953-1961); </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 ya ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.1-Incidente <span class="_0 blank"></span>com avião <span class="_0 blank"></span>U2 em 1960;<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 yb ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1">5-<span class="ff3 ws0">A<span class="_2 blank"></span> "Sociedade <span class="_3 blank"></span>Afluente" e a "Outra <span class="_3 blank"></span>Am<span class="_0 blank"></span>érica\u201c;<span class="ff2"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 yc ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.1- O Movim<span class="_0 blank"></span>ento dos Direitos <span class="_0 blank"></span>Civis;<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 yd ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6- John <span class="_0 blank"></span>Fitzgerald<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"></span>Kenned<span class="_1 blank"> </span>y<span class="_0 blank"></span> (1961<span class="_1 blank"> </span>-1963); </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 ye ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6.1- a crise dos <span class="_0 blank"></span>m<span class="_0 blank"></span>ísseis<span class="_1 blank"> </span> em<span class="_0 blank"></span> Cu<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ba. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 yf ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6.2- <span class="_3 blank"></span>A<span class="_2 blank"></span> invasão<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>da Baía dos Porcos em<span class="_0 blank"></span> Cuba.<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y10 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">7- L<span class="_3 blank"></span>yndon <span class="ls1 ws2">Jonhson</span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>(1963-1969); </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y11 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">7.1-Guerra <span class="_0 blank"></span>contra a pobreza e a <span class="_0 blank"></span>Grande Sociedade.<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y12 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">7.2- Guerra <span class="_0 blank"></span>do <span class="_0 blank"></span>V<span class="_3 blank"></span>iet<span class="_1 blank"> </span>nã </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y13 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">8- Richard <span class="_0 blank"></span> Nixon (1969-1974); </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y14 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">8.1-Nixon <span class="_0 blank"></span>e o <span class="_0 blank"></span>V<span class="_2 blank"></span>ietnã; </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y15 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">8.2- <span class="ls4">O </span>Khm<span class="_0 blank"></span>er V<span class="_4 blank"></span>ermelho no Cam<span class="_0 blank"></span>boja; </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y16 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">8.3- Desem<span class="_0 blank"></span>prego e Inflação no <span class="_0 blank"></span>governo<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"></span>Nixon<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y17 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">8.4- SAL<span class="_4 blank"></span>T <span class="_0 blank"></span>e a Détente<span class="_1 blank"> </span>; </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y18 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">8.5-A<span class="_2 blank"></span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>campanha presiden<span class="_1 blank"> </span>cial <span class="_2 blank"></span>de 19<span class="_1 blank"> </span>72 <span class="_0 blank"></span>e o <span class="_0 blank"></span>W<span class="_3 blank"></span>ater<span class="_0 blank"></span>gate;<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y19 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">9- G<span class="_0 blank"></span>erald R. Ford (1974-1977); </div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y1a ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2">10<span class="ls0 ws0">- <span class="_0 blank"></span>Jimm<span class="_2 blank"></span>y <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Carter (1977-1<span class="_1 blank"> </span>981)<span class="_0 blank"></span>; </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y1b ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">10.1-Política <span class="_0 blank"></span>de paz. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y1c ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">10.2-Direitos <span class="_0 blank"></span>Hum<span class="_0 blank"></span>anos.<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y1d ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">10.3-Controvérsias. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y1e ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">11 <span class="ls0 ws0">- <span class="_0 blank"></span>Ronald Reagan (1981-1985/1985-1990) </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y1f ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1<span class="_0 blank"></span>1.2-Reagan e <span class="_0 blank"></span>o m<span class="_0 blank"></span>undo;<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h6 y20 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h7 y21 ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/74c78fd9-7200-4df1-b7b4-fe8cb42f6cf8/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x3 h8 y22 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1- Intr<span class="_2 blank"></span>odução<span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ff2">. </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h9 y23 ff2 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>O período <span class="_2 blank"></span>da história <span class="_0 blank"></span>dos </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y24 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Estados <span class="_0 blank"></span>Unidos da <span class="_3 blank"></span>Am<span class="_0 blank"></span>érica entre <span class="_0 blank"></span>1945<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y25 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">e 1991 é <span class="_0 blank"></span>marcado pela <span class="_0 blank"></span>Guerra Fria, <span class="_0 blank"></span>e </div><div class="t m0 x7 ha y26 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pelo <span class="_0 blank"></span>crescimento <span class="_0 blank"></span>das tensões </div><div class="t m0 x8 ha y27 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">diplomátic<span class="_0 blank"></span>as <span class="_0 blank"></span>e m<span class="_0 blank"></span>ilitares entre <span class="_0 blank"></span>as duas </div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y28 ff2 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">superpotências <span class="_2 blank"></span>m<span class="_0 blank"></span>ilitares <span class="_0 blank"></span>da época, os </div><div class="t m0 x9 ha y29 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Estados <span class="_0 blank"></span>Unidos e a União <span class="_0 blank"></span>Soviética. </div><div class="t m0 xa ha y2a ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Este <span class="_0 blank"></span>período tam<span class="_2 blank"></span>bém é marcado por </div><div class="t m0 xb ha y2b ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">uma <span class="_0 blank"></span>grande explosão <span class="_0 blank"></span>dem<span class="_0 blank"></span>ográf<span class="_1 blank"></span>ica, <span class="_0 blank"></span>e </div><div class="t m0 xc ha y2c ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pelo <span class="_0 blank"></span>início do <span class="_0 blank"></span>movim<span class="_0 blank"></span>ento dos direitos </div><div class="t m0 xd ha y2d ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">civis <span class="_0 blank"></span>e do m<span class="_0 blank"></span>ovimento fem<span class="_0 blank"></span>inista no <span class="_0 blank"></span>país. </div><div class="t m0 xe ha y2e ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">É m<span class="_0 blank"></span>arcado tam<span class="_0 blank"></span>bém pela continuação <span class="_2 blank"></span>e </div><div class="t m0 xf ha y2f ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">fortalecim<span class="_0 blank"></span>ento <span class="_2 blank"></span>do<span class="_1 blank"> </span>s m<span class="_0 blank"></span>ovim<span class="_0 blank"></span>entos dos </div><div class="t m0 x10 ha y30 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">direitos <span class="_0 blank"></span>civis <span class="_0 blank"></span>e do fem<span class="_0 blank"></span>inismo, onde </div><div class="t m0 x11 ha y31 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">afro-americanos <span class="_2 blank"></span>e mulheres <span class="_0 blank"></span>passaram <span class="_0 blank"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y32 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">lutar <span class="_0 blank"></span>pelos seus <span class="_0 blank"></span>direitos <span class="_0 blank"></span>na sociedade </div><div class="t m0 x12 ha y33 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">americana;<span class="_0 blank"></span> e pelo conti<span class="_0 blank"></span>nuação <span class="_0 blank"></span>e </div><div class="t m0 x12 ha y34 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">término <span class="_2 blank"></span>da Gu<span class="_1 blank"></span>erra <span class="_0 blank"></span>Fria, entre <span class="_0 blank"></span>os </div><div class="t m0 x13 ha y35 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Estados <span class="_0 blank"></span>Unidos e a Rússia. </div><div class="t m0 x14 ha y36 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 y37 ff4 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">O po<span class="_0 blank"></span>deroso USS Blue Ridge </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/74c78fd9-7200-4df1-b7b4-fe8cb42f6cf8/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 x16 h6 y38 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x17 h6 y39 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Economicamente, a era de prosperidade e de </div><div class="t m0 x18 h6 y3a ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">grande crescimento econômico, que </div><div class="t m0 x2 h6 y3b ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">caracteri<span class="_1 blank"> </span>zou <span class="_0 blank"></span>o período 1945-1964, terminara. </div><div class="t m0 x19 h6 y3c ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A<span class="_3 blank"></span> era 1964-1991 foi marcado por diversas </div><div class="t m0 x1a h7 y3d ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">recessões econôm<span class="_0 blank"></span>icas, que intercalaram<span class="_1 blank"> </span>-se </div><div class="t m0 x1b h6 y3e ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">com alguns períodos de grande crescimento </div><div class="t m0 x1a h6 y3f ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">econômico. O país tam<span class="_0 blank"></span>bém passou a sofrer </div><div class="t m0 x1c h6 y40 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">com a concorrência de outros países, tais </div><div class="t m0 x18 h6 y41 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">como o Japão ou os países da União </div><div class="t m0 x19 h6 y42 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Européia - tanto no mercado internacional </div><div class="t m0 x1d h6 y43 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">quanto no próprio mercado doméstico. </div><div class="t m0 x1e h6 y44 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Demograficamente, o período </div><div class="t m0 x18 h6 y45 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1964-1991 é marcado pela queda da </div><div class="t m0 x2 h6 y46 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">imigração de europeus nos Estados Unidos, e </div><div class="t m0 x1f h6 y47 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pelo início da grande imigração de </div><div class="t m0 x1c h7 y48 ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">hispânicos e de <span class="_0 blank"></span>asiáticos, que passaram a </div><div class="t m0 x1b h6 y49 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">causar grandes mudanças na demografia do </div><div class="t m0 x19 h6 y4a ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">país. Este período também é m<span class="_0 blank"></span>arcado pel<span class="_1 blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x20 h6 y4b ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">início do grande crescimento populacional </div><div class="t m0 x21 h6 y4c ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">do Sun Belt, que compreende todos os </div><div class="t m0 x22 h6 y4d ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Estados do sul do país. <span class="_0 blank"></span>T<span class="_3 blank"></span>anto <span class="_0 blank"></span>a imigração </div><div class="t m0 x22 h7 y4e ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">hispânico <span class="_0 blank"></span>e asiátic<span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_0 blank"></span>quanto o crescimento </div><div class="t m0 x1a h6 y4f ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">populacional do Sun Belt continuam até os </div><div class="t m0 x23 h6 y50 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">dias atuais. </div><div class="t m0 x16 h6 y51 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 hb y52 ff4 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Lançad<span class="_0 blank"></span>o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>para <span class="_8 blank"> </span>1949, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>modelo <span class="_8 blank"> </span><span class="ls8 ws4">da<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>foto, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Lincoln </div><div class="t m0 x4 hb y53 ff4 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Cosmopolit<span class="_0 blank"></span>an <span class="_9 blank"> </span>marcou <span class="_9 blank"> </span>a <span class="_9 blank"> </span>mo<span class="_0 blank"></span>dernização <span class="_a blank"> </span><span class="ls2 ws5">de</span><span class="ls6"> <span class="ls8 ws4">um</span></span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>fabricante </div><div class="t m0 x4 hb y54 ff4 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">dos E<span class="_1 blank"> </span>stados Unidos depois <span class="ls2 ws5">da</span> Segunda Guerra <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Mundi<span class="_0 blank"></span>al. </div><div class="t m0 x4 hb y55 ff4 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Sua <span class="_b blank"> </span>linh<span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="_b blank"> </span>passav<span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="_b blank"> </span>a <span class="_b blank"> </span>ser <span class="_b blank"> </span>constituíd<span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ls8 ws4">por</span><span class="ls7"> <span class="ls2 ws5">um</span></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>único </div><div class="t m0 x4 hb y56 ff4 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">modelo <span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls8 ws6">em</span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>duas <span class="_c blank"> </span>séries <span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls2">de</span> <span class="_c blank"> </span>acabament<span class="_0 blank"></span>o. <span class="_b blank"> </span>A<span class="_2 blank"></span> <span class="_c blank"> </span>e<span class="_1 blank"> </span>stétic<span class="_0 blank"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 x4 hb y57 ff4 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">conhecid<span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="_b blank"> </span>como <span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ff5 ws7">\u201cbanheira</span><span class="ls7"> </span><span class="ff5 ws7">inv<span class="_0 blank"></span>ertida\u201d,<span class="ff4 ws0"> <span class="_c blank"> </span>por <span class="_b blank"> </span>conta <span class="_c blank"> </span>dos </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 hc y58 ff4 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">cantos <span class="_d blank"> </span>arredon<span class="_0 blank"></span>dados, <span class="_d blank"> </span>incl<span class="_0 blank"></span>uía <span class="_d blank"> </span>para-brisa <span class="_d blank"> </span>inteiriç<span class="_0 blank"></span>o. <span class="_e blank"> </span>Havia<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x4 hb y59 ff4 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws5">as<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>versões <span class="_8 blank"> </span>T<span class="_3 blank"></span>own <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Sedan, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Sport <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Sedan, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>cupê <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 hb y5a ff4 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">conversív<span class="_0 blank"></span>el <span class="_f blank"> </span>para <span class="_f blank"> </span>s<span class="_0 blank"></span>eis <span class="_f blank"> </span>p<span class="_0 blank"></span>essoas, <span class="_f blank"> </span>todas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>com <span class="_10 blank"> </span>motor <span class="_10 blank"> </span>V8 <span class="_10 blank"> </span><span class="ls8 ws4">de</span> </div><div class="t m0 x4 hb y5b ff4 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5,5 litros e <span class="ls2 ws5">152</span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>cv<span class="_3 blank"></span>. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/74c78fd9-7200-4df1-b7b4-fe8cb42f6cf8/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x24 hd y5c ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws8">2-<span class="ls9 ws9">Pós</span><span class="ws0">-Segun<span class="_1 blank"> </span>da <span class="_2 blank"></span>Guerra Mund<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ial </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hd y5d ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>Com o desfecho da<span class="_0 blank"></span> Segund<span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_0 blank"></span>Guerra </div><div class="t m0 xe hd y5e ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Mundial, <span class="_0 blank"></span>os Estados Unidos<span class="_1 blank"> </span> da <span class="_3 blank"></span>América podiam </div><div class="t m0 x25 hd y5f ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">considerar-se <span class="_2 blank"></span>os<span class="_1 blank"> </span> grandes vence<span class="_0 blank"></span>dores, uma vez que o </div><div class="t m0 x25 he y60 ff2 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">seu território <span class="_2 blank"></span>n<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ão <span class="_0 blank"></span>fora alvo de m<span class="_0 blank"></span>assivas destruições, </div><div class="t m0 x26 hd y61 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">a perda de <span class="_0 blank"></span>vidas fora diminuta <span class="_0 blank"></span>(apesar dos cerca de </div><div class="t m0 x27 hd y62 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">300.000<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"></span>sold<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ados <span class="_0 blank"></span>mortos em combate, não c<span class="_0 blank"></span>ontand<span class="_1 blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x6 hd y63 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">com os feridos e<span class="_0 blank"></span> desaparecidos) e o e<span class="_0 blank"></span>sforço de </div><div class="t m0 xa hd y64 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">guerra proporcionou <span class="_0 blank"></span>crescime<span class="_0 blank"></span>nto econômico. </div><div class="t m0 x28 hd y65 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Nos anos 50, a sociedade <span class="_0 blank"></span>americana e<span class="_0 blank"></span>ra vista no </div><div class="t m0 x26 hd y66 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">exterior <span class="_0 blank"></span>como a terra da a<span class="_0 blank"></span>bundância: de pessoas, de<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xe he y67 ff2 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">bens <span class="_0 blank"></span>e de meios téc<span class="_0 blank"></span>nicos. E afirm<span class="_0 blank"></span>ava-se já como </div><div class="t m0 xf hd y68 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">uma superpotência <span class="_0 blank"></span>capitalista <span class="_2 blank"></span>n<span class="_1 blank"> </span>a corrida pela </div><div class="t m0 x8 hd y69 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">liderança <span class="_0 blank"></span>do mundo ocidental. <span class="_0 blank"></span>Na origem desta </div><div class="t m0 x28 hd y6a ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">posição <span class="_0 blank"></span>hegemônica estiveram<span class="_0 blank"></span> vários fatores: <span class="_0 blank"></span>os </div><div class="t m0 x8 hd y6b ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">investimentos <span class="_0 blank"></span>ame<span class="_0 blank"></span>ricanos aplicados na Europa </div><div class="t m0 x9 hd y6c ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">durante <span class="_0 blank"></span>o pós<span class="_1 blank"> </span>-guerra, <span class="_0 blank"></span>que lhe conferiram <span class="_0 blank"></span>uma </div><div class="t m0 x25 hd y6d ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">posição <span class="_0 blank"></span>de supremacia tanto a<span class="_0 blank"></span> nível com<span class="_0 blank"></span>ercial como </div><div class="t m0 xd hd y6e ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">financeiro; <span class="_0 blank"></span>a aposta <span class="_0 blank"></span>numa políti<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ca <span class="_2 blank"></span>que quebrasse o </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y6f ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">isolamento <span class="_0 blank"></span>da era da Guerra Fria, <span class="_0 blank"></span>através de uma<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x25 hd y70 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">abertura <span class="_0 blank"></span>a alianças <span class="_0 blank"></span>para combater o crescim<span class="_0 blank"></span>ento dos </div><div class="t m0 x26 hd y71 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">regimes c<span class="_0 blank"></span>omunistas; o desenvolvimento <span class="_0 blank"></span>do sistema<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xc hd y72 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">capitalista <span class="_2 blank"></span>americano através da im<span class="_0 blank"></span>plantação de </div><div class="t m0 x29 hd y73 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">empresas m<span class="_0 blank"></span>ultinacionais <span class="_0 blank"></span>fora do país; e o acelera<span class="_0 blank"></span>do </div><div class="t m0 xb hd y74 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">crescimento <span class="_0 blank"></span>econômico <span class="_0 blank"></span>norte<span class="_1 blank"> </span>-ame<span class="_0 blank"></span>ricano até <span class="_0 blank"></span>à </div><div class="t m0 xa hd y75 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">década <span class="_0 blank"></span>de 1970 acom<span class="_0 blank"></span>panhado do aumento da </div><div class="t m0 x8 hd y76 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">dependência <span class="_0 blank"></span>de outros países <span class="_0 blank"></span>relativamente <span class="_0 blank"></span>aos </div><div class="t m0 x2a hd y77 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">EUA. </div><div class="t m0 x2b hd y78 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h6 y37 ff4 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A<span class="_0 blank"></span>vião bombard<span class="_0 blank"></span>eiro da 2ª Guerra B-<span class="lsa wsa">25.</span> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/74c78fd9-7200-4df1-b7b4-fe8cb42f6cf8/bg6.png"><div class="t m0 x1b hf y79 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3- P<span class="_0 blank"></span>residente <span class="_0 blank"></span>Harry <span class="_0 blank"></span>T<span class="_3 blank"></span>ruman (1945<span class="_1 blank"> </span>-1953) </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y7a ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Harry S.<span class="_0 blank"></span> T<span class="_2 blank"></span>ruman (nascimento: <span class="_0 blank"></span>Lam<span class="_0 blank"></span>ar<span class="_2 blank"></span>, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Missouri, 08/5/1884 </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y7b ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1">\u2014<span class="ff2 ws0"> falecim<span class="_0 blank"></span>ento:<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>Kansas City<span class="_3 blank"></span>, Missou<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ri, <span class="_0 blank"></span>26/12/1972) <span class="_0 blank"></span>foi <span class="_0 blank"></span>um </span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y7c ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">político <span class="_0 blank"></span>estadunid<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ense, <span class="_2 blank"></span>3<span class="_1 blank"> </span>3º presidente <span class="_0 blank"></span>dos Estados U<span class="_0 blank"></span>nidos<span class="_1 blank"> </span>, </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y7d ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">governando <span class="_0 blank"></span>de 1945 a 1953.<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y7e ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">De 17 de j<span class="_0 blank"></span>ulho a 2 de agosto de <span class="_0 blank"></span>1945<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>participou <span class="_0 blank"></span>juntamente </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y7f ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">com Stalin <span class="_0 blank"></span>e Churchill <span class="_0 blank"></span>da Conferênci<span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_0 blank"></span>de Potsdam<span class="_0 blank"></span>, onde </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y80 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">dividiram <span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="_2 blank"></span>Alem<span class="_0 blank"></span>anha e Berlim, criando assim<span class="_0 blank"></span> a <span class="_2 blank"></span>Alemanha </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y81 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Oriental <span class="_0 blank"></span>e a <span class="_2 blank"></span>Alemanha Ocidental, <span class="_0 blank"></span>assim como a Berlim<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y82 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Oriental <span class="_0 blank"></span>e a Berlim Ocidental. </div><div class="t m0 x1b h5 y83 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>Harry<span class="_0 blank"></span> T<span class="_2 blank"></span>ruman, <span class="_0 blank"></span>em agosto de 1945, <span class="_2 blank"></span>auto<span class="_1 blank"> </span>rizou <span class="_2 blank"></span>o<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y84 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">bombardeio <span class="_0 blank"></span>com<span class="_0 blank"></span> armas de dest<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ruição <span class="_0 blank"></span>em<span class="_0 blank"></span> massa (bo<span class="_1 blank"> </span>m<span class="_0 blank"></span>bas </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y85 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">atômicas) <span class="_0 blank"></span>sobre Hiroshima e N<span class="_0 blank"></span>agasaki<span class="_1 blank"> </span>, m<span class="_0 blank"></span>atando quase 200 </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y86 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">mil <span class="_0 blank"></span>pessoas<span class="_1 blank"> </span>, a m<span class="_2 blank"></span>ai<span class="_1 blank"> </span>oria civis. O principal <span class="_0 blank"></span>ar<span class="_0 blank"></span>gumento utilizado </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y87 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">para o lançam<span class="_0 blank"></span>ento das bombas era que <span class="_0 blank"></span>o Japão<span class="_1 blank"> </span> não <span class="_0 blank"></span>queria </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y88 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">conceder rendição <span class="_0 blank"></span>incondicional, <span class="_0 blank"></span>considerad<span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_0 blank"></span>um<span class="_0 blank"></span>a cond<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ição </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y89 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">necessária para o <span class="_0 blank"></span>fim da guerra, evitando, <span class="_0 blank"></span>assim, a repetição </div><div class="t m0 x1b h5 y8a ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">do que <span class="_0 blank"></span>ocorrera <span class="_0 blank"></span>após o fim<span class="_0 blank"></span> da Primeira <span class="_0 blank"></span>Guerra. <span class="_3 blank"></span>Além disso, </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y8b ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">o outro <span class="_0 blank"></span>ar<span class="_0 blank"></span>gumento era o de <span class="_0 blank"></span>que, baseado<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>nas estimativas de </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y8c ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">possív<span class="_1 blank"> </span>eis <span class="_2 blank"></span>baixas<span class="_1 blank"> </span>, poderia <span class="_0 blank"></span>haver de 500 <span class="_0 blank"></span>mil a 1 m<span class="_0 blank"></span>ilhão de </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y8d ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">mortes <span class="_0 blank"></span>de soldado<span class="_1 blank"> </span>s <span class="_0 blank"></span>caso a guerra se prolongasse, <span class="_0 blank"></span>e com a </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y8e ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">bomba <span class="_0 blank"></span>atômica o núm<span class="_0 blank"></span>ero de baixas seria m<span class="_0 blank"></span>enor<span class="_2 blank"></span>. Mas exi<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ste </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y8f ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">também<span class="_0 blank"></span> o argum<span class="_0 blank"></span>ento de que <span class="_0 blank"></span>a inten<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ção <span class="_0 blank"></span>era consolidar <span class="_0 blank"></span>o </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y90 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">poderio <span class="_0 blank"></span>am<span class="_0 blank"></span>ericano fren<span class="_1 blank"> </span>te <span class="_0 blank"></span>a ameaça sovi<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ética <span class="_0 blank"></span>de Stalin, <span class="_0 blank"></span>que </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y91 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">já apresentava sinais <span class="_0 blank"></span>de discórdi<span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_0 blank"></span>com<span class="_0 blank"></span> os Estados Unidos </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y92 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">desde a Conferência <span class="_0 blank"></span>de Postdam, a respeito <span class="_0 blank"></span>da questão<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>da </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y93 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Polônia, <span class="_0 blank"></span>o prenúncio <span class="_0 blank"></span>da Guerra Fria </div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y94 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/74c78fd9-7200-4df1-b7b4-fe8cb42f6cf8/bg7.png"><div class="t m0 xc h10 y95 ff1 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.1- Doutrina <span class="_0 blank"></span>T<span class="_3 blank"></span>rum<span class="_0 blank"></span>an <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e o aume<span class="_0 blank"></span>nto da<span class="_1 blank"> </span>s tensões.<span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ff2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x29 hd y96 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>A<span class="_2 blank"></span> expressão Doutrina <span class="_2 blank"></span>T<span class="_0 blank"></span>ruman <span class="_0 blank"></span>designa um </div><div class="t m0 x27 hd y97 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">conjunto de <span class="_0 blank"></span>práticas do governo <span class="_0 blank"></span>dos Estados Unidos da </div><div class="t m0 x8 hd y98 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">América<span class="_0 blank"></span>, em escala m<span class="_0 blank"></span>undial, à época da c<span class="_0 blank"></span>hamada </div><div class="t m0 x10 hd y99 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Guerra Fria, que <span class="_0 blank"></span>buscava conter a<span class="_0 blank"></span> expansão do </div><div class="t m0 x6 hd y9a ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">comunismo <span class="_0 blank"></span>junto<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>aos cham<span class="_0 blank"></span>ados "elos frágeis" do </div><div class="t m0 x2c hd y9b ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">sistema <span class="_0 blank"></span>capitalista. </div><div class="t m0 x29 hd y9c ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">W<span class="_2 blank"></span>insto<span class="_1 blank"> </span>n <span class="_2 blank"></span>Chu<span class="_1 blank"> </span>rchill, <span class="_0 blank"></span>estadista britânico, <span class="_0 blank"></span>foi o primeiro <span class="_0 blank"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 xc hd y9d ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">perceber <span class="_0 blank"></span>o avanço do comunismo, <span class="_0 blank"></span>iniciando <span class="_0 blank"></span>fortes </div><div class="t m0 x2d hd y9e ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pressões para que <span class="_0 blank"></span>o Ocidente encontrasse <span class="_0 blank"></span>uma </div><div class="t m0 x2e hd y9f ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">estratégia <span class="_0 blank"></span>para deter <span class="_0 blank"></span>o avanço soviético.<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 xe hd ya0 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>Em resposta <span class="_0 blank"></span>à atitude britânica, <span class="_2 blank"></span>o<span class="_1 blank"> </span> então </div><div class="t m0 x2f hd ya1 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">presidente <span class="_0 blank"></span>estadunidense, Ha<span class="_0 blank"></span>rry S. T<span class="_2 blank"></span>ruman, </div><div class="t m0 xf hd ya2 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pronun<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ciou, <span class="_2 blank"></span>em 12 de março de <span class="_0 blank"></span>1947, diante do </div><div class="t m0 x9 hd ya3 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Congresso Na<span class="_0 blank"></span>cional daquela naç<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão, um violento </div><div class="t m0 x28 hd ya4 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">discurso assum<span class="_0 blank"></span>indo o compromisso de "defe<span class="_0 blank"></span>nder o </div><div class="t m0 xb hd ya5 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">mundo livre <span class="_0 blank"></span>contra a<span class="_0 blank"></span> ameaça<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>comunista". <span class="_0 blank"></span>Estava </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd ya6 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">lançada <span class="_0 blank"></span>a Doutrina <span class="_0 blank"></span>T<span class="_2 blank"></span>ru<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ma<span class="_0 blank"></span>n e iniciada <span class="_0 blank"></span>a Guerra Fria, </div><div class="t m0 x26 hd ya7 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">que propagou <span class="_0 blank"></span>para todo o m<span class="_0 blank"></span>undo o forte antagonismo </div><div class="t m0 x26 hd ya8 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">entre <span class="_0 blank"></span>os blocos capitalista <span class="_0 blank"></span>e comunista. <span class="_0 blank"></span>Em seguida, o </div><div class="t m0 x11 hd ya9 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">secretário <span class="_0 blank"></span>de estado general <span class="_0 blank"></span>George <span class="_0 blank"></span>Catlett Ma<span class="_0 blank"></span>rshall </div><div class="t m0 xd hd yaa ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">anunciou <span class="_0 blank"></span>a disposição dos Estados <span class="_0 blank"></span>Unidos de efetiva </div><div class="t m0 x27 hd yab ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">colaboração <span class="_0 blank"></span>financeira pa<span class="_0 blank"></span>ra a recuperação <span class="_0 blank"></span>da economia </div><div class="t m0 x5 hd yac ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">dos países europeus. <span class="_2 blank"></span>T<span class="_0 blank"></span>ruman propôs a c<span class="_0 blank"></span>oncessão de </div><div class="t m0 xd hd yad ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">créditos <span class="_0 blank"></span>para a Grécia e a<span class="_0 blank"></span> T<span class="_2 blank"></span>urqu<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ia, <span class="_2 blank"></span>com o ob<span class="_1 blank"> </span>jetivo <span class="_0 blank"></span>de </div><div class="t m0 xc hd yae ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">sustentar <span class="_0 blank"></span>govern<span class="_1 blank"> </span>os <span class="_0 blank"></span>pró<span class="_1 blank"> </span>-ocidentais <span class="_0 blank"></span>naqueles países. </div><div class="t m0 x14 he yaf ff2 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/74c78fd9-7200-4df1-b7b4-fe8cb42f6cf8/bg8.png"><div class="t m0 x17 ha yb0 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">T<span class="_2 blank"></span>ruman juntou-se <span class="_2 blank"></span>a outras onze <span class="_0 blank"></span>nações em<span class="_0 blank"></span> 19<span class="_1 blank"></span>49 <span class="_0 blank"></span>para formar <span class="_0 blank"></span>a Or<span class="_0 blank"></span>ganização <span class="_0 blank"></span>do </div><div class="t m0 x30 ha yb1 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">T<span class="_2 blank"></span>ratado <span class="_0 blank"></span>do <span class="_3 blank"></span>Atlântico <span class="_0 blank"></span>Norte (OT<span class="_4 blank"></span>A<span class="_1 blank"> </span>N), a prim<span class="_0 blank"></span>eira <span class="_0 blank"></span>aliança europeia <span class="_0 blank"></span>com<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x22 ha yb2 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">envolvimento <span class="_2 blank"></span>americano em<span class="_0 blank"></span> mai<span class="_0 blank"></span>s de 17<span class="_1 blank"></span>0 <span class="_0 blank"></span>anos (a prim<span class="_0 blank"></span>eira fora <span class="_0 blank"></span>a Revolução </div><div class="t m0 x20 ha yb3 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Americana <span class="_0 blank"></span>de 1776, onde <span class="_0 blank"></span>os americanos <span class="_0 blank"></span>tiveram<span class="_0 blank"></span> o apoio <span class="_0 blank"></span>dos franceses <span class="_0 blank"></span>e dos </div><div class="t m0 x1a ha yb4 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Espanhóis). <span class="_0 blank"></span>Stalin <span class="_0 blank"></span>respondeu <span class="_0 blank"></span>através da i<span class="_0 blank"></span>ntegração <span class="_0 blank"></span>das economias <span class="_0 blank"></span>da Europa </div><div class="t m0 x22 ha yb5 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Oriental <span class="_0 blank"></span>em<span class="_0 blank"></span> sua versão do Plano <span class="_0 blank"></span>Marshall <span class="_0 blank"></span>e da explosão <span class="_0 blank"></span>da prim<span class="_0 blank"></span>eira bom<span class="_0 blank"></span>ba </div><div class="t m0 x1b ha yb6 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">nuclear <span class="_0 blank"></span>soviética <span class="_0 blank"></span>em 1949, <span class="_0 blank"></span>de uma ali<span class="_0 blank"></span>ança com a <span class="_0 blank"></span>República Popular <span class="_0 blank"></span>da China </div><div class="t m0 x17 ha yb7 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">em fevereiro <span class="_2 blank"></span>de 1950<span class="_1 blank"></span>, <span class="_0 blank"></span>e da formação <span class="_0 blank"></span>do Pacto <span class="_0 blank"></span>de <span class="_0 blank"></span>V<span class="_13 blank"></span>arsóvia, <span class="_0 blank"></span>a versão com<span class="_0 blank"></span>unista </div><div class="t m0 x31 ha yb8 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">da OT<span class="_4 blank"></span>AN. </div><div class="t m0 x32 ha yb9 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/74c78fd9-7200-4df1-b7b4-fe8cb42f6cf8/bg9.png"><div class="t m0 x20 h6 yba ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Em 1950 um<span class="_0 blank"></span> trata<span class="_1 blank"> </span>do foi assinado entre os </div><div class="t m0 x33 h6 ybb ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Estados Unidos e o Japão, que dava </div><div class="t m0 x34 h6 ybc ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">permissão aos Estados Unidos a instalação </div><div class="t m0 x35 h6 ybd ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">de bases militares permanentes em território </div><div class="t m0 x1b h6 ybe ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">japonês. <span class="_3 blank"></span>Alguns acreditam que este tratado </div><div class="t m0 x35 h6 ybf ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">fez com que Stalin aprovasse um plano para </div><div class="t m0 x1b h6 yc0 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">invadir a capitalista Coreia do Sul, apoiada </div><div class="t m0 x19 h6 yc1 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pelos Estados Unidos, em 25 de junho de </div><div class="t m0 x35 h6 yc2 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1950, através do apoio à um<span class="_0 blank"></span>a inva<span class="_1 blank"> </span>são norte-</div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yc3 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">coreana. <span class="_0 blank"></span>T<span class="_3 blank"></span>emendo que um<span class="_0 blank"></span>a Coreia </div><div class="t m0 x1f h7 yc4 ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">comunista neutralizasse <span class="_0 blank"></span>o poderio </div><div class="t m0 x36 h6 yc5 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">americano no Japão e levasse à um<span class="_0 blank"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 x20 h6 yc6 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">expansão da influência soviética, <span class="_0 blank"></span>T<span class="_2 blank"></span>ruman </div><div class="t m0 x1a h6 yc7 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">iniciou os preparativos dos efetivos para <span class="_0 blank"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h6 yc8 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">guerra, e obteve o apoio das Nações Unidas, </div><div class="t m0 x37 h6 yc9 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">para surpresa de Stalin. Em um<span class="_0 blank"></span> vexa<span class="_1 blank"> </span>me </div><div class="t m0 x37 h7 yca ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">diplomático, os<span class="_0 blank"></span> soviéticos boicotaram o </div><div class="t m0 x17 h6 ycb ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas, </div><div class="t m0 x17 h6 ycc ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">e assim, como consequência, não fez uso de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h6 ycd ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">seu poder para vetar as ações de <span class="_0 blank"></span>T<span class="_2 blank"></span>ruman nas </div><div class="t m0 x1e h6 yce ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Nações Unidas, porque não admitiria a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h6 ycf ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">República Popular da China na or<span class="_2 blank"></span>gani<span class="_1 blank"> </span>zação.<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x38 h2 yd0 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/74c78fd9-7200-4df1-b7b4-fe8cb42f6cf8/bga.png"><div class="t m0 x39 h7 yd1 ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">As forças <span class="_0 blank"></span>das Nações Unidas, lideradas pelos<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x3a h6 yd2 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Estados Unidos, eventualmente forçaram a </div><div class="t m0 x3b h6 yd3 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">recuada das forças norte-coreanas da Coreia </div><div class="t m0 x3c h6 yd4 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">do Sul. Porém<span class="_0 blank"></span>, T<span class="_2 blank"></span>ruman cometeu um erro, ao </div><div class="t m0 xa h6 yd5 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">permitir que suas forças chegassem </div><div class="t m0 x3d h6 yd6 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">perigosamente próximos<span class="_0 blank"></span> à fronte<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ira da Coreia </div><div class="t m0 x39 h6 yd7 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">do Norte e da China. <span class="_3 blank"></span>A<span class="_3 blank"></span> Repúblic<span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_0 blank"></span>Popular da </div><div class="t m0 x25 h6 yd8 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">China, temendo um<span class="_0 blank"></span>a invasão do país por </div><div class="t m0 x3e h6 yd9 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">parte das forças das Nações Unidas, lançou </div><div class="t m0 x3c h6 yda ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">um massivo ataque que forçou a recuada das </div><div class="t m0 x3b h6 ydb ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">tropas americanas. <span class="_3 blank"></span>A<span class="_3 blank"></span> situação estabil<span class="_1 blank"> </span>izou-se </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 ydc ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">no paralelo <span class="_0 blank"></span>38, a fronteira entre as duas </div><div class="t m0 x3c h6 ydd ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Coreias, e a guerra terminaria em status quo. </div><div class="t m0 x3a h6 yde ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Então, 50 m<span class="_0 blank"></span>il soldados america<span class="_1 blank"> </span>nos <span class="_0 blank"></span>haviam </div><div class="t m0 x3f h6 ydf ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">morrido, bem como um<span class="_0 blank"></span> milhão de corea<span class="_1 blank"> </span>nos </div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 ye0 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(para cada Coreia) e dois milhões de </div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 ye1 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">chineses. <span class="_3 blank"></span>Além disso, a guerra causara </div><div class="t m0 x3c h7 ye2 ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">problemas <span class="_0 blank"></span>ao orçamento americano, tendo <span class="_0 blank"></span>o </div><div class="t m0 x3e h6 ye3 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">orçamento das Forças <span class="_3 blank"></span>Armadas americanas </div><div class="t m0 xb h6 ye4 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">quadruplicado em apenas dois anos. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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