Leitura e Redação em Lingua Inglesa - Aula_02

Prévia do material em texto

LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
Reading: a psycholinguistic process to promote 
knowledge and a proficient reader 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
Conteúdo Programático desta aula 
 
 Recognize the most common textual genres 
 Study the analysis of text processing 
 Discuss the behavior of an efficient reader 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
 
As a warm up, we are going to watch a cartoon entitled “Book Revue”. 
It starts with the following scene: It’s midnight. The bookstore is 
closed. The lights are off. No creatures are stirring, not even…Scratch 
that, the books are stirring. They’re coming to life. [] 
 
In 1994, “Book Revue” was voted one of the 50 greatest cartoons of 
all times by a group of 1,000 animation professionals 
 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
Now that you have watched the cartoon, mark the books which 
appears in “Book Review” 
 
• The Sea wolf 
• Romeo and Juliet 
• Henry VII 
• Harry Potter 
• Lady in the dark 
• Uncle Tom´s Cabin 
• The old man and the sea 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
Now that you have watched the cartoon, mark the books which 
appears in “Book Review” 
 
• The Sea wolf 
• Romeo and Juliet 
• Henry VII 
• Harry Potter 
• Lady in the dark 
• Uncle Tom´s Cabin 
• The old man and the sea 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
 
2- What are text genres? 
 According to Swales (1990) the term ´genre´ is 
frequently used to make reference to the different 
categories of discourse.I want to make sure that we 
are employing the same concepts, that is why I will 
discuss the differences between text genre, text 
structure and text processing.. Please, be aware that I 
do not intend to give you conclusive definitions but 
concepts which will guide our considerations from now 
on. 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
 
Whenever we talk about genres, we will be referring to classifications 
such as: 
 
Fiction 
 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
Non-fiction 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
Fables 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
Fairy Tales 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
Comic strips 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
Plays (Musicals) 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
• Vídeo: Gêneros Textuais- atividade social 
 
Choose the option which best suits the 
statements below: 
 
 In the video, the author shows you that texts genres may be 
expressed: 
 
 a- by means of everyday activities 
 b- only by means of poetry 
 c- only by means of literature 
 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
• Vídeo: Gêneros Textuais- atividade social 
 
Choose the option which best suits the 
statements below: 
 
 In the video, the author shows you that texts genres may be 
expressed: 
 
 a- by means of everyday activities 
 b- only by means of poetry 
 c- only by means of literature 
 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
2- When the narrator points out that there are other kinds of 
language, he means that 
 
a- it is possible to read foreign languages 
b- it is possible to look at a sculpture or a painting and “read” them 
c- it is only possible to read texts 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
2- When the narrator points out that there are other kinds of 
language, he means that 
 
a- it is possible to read foreign languages 
b- it is possible to look at a sculpture or a painting and “read” them 
c- it is only possible to read texts 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
3- The narrator states that genres are 
 
a- culturally, socially and cognitively built 
b- formed by texts 
c- structurally formed 
 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
3- The narrator states that genres are 
 
a- culturally, socially and cognitively built 
b- formed by texts 
c- structurally formed 
 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
Text structure 
 
Whenever we talk about text structure, we will be making references 
to patterns which are established in the relation between ideas such 
as: 
 
• a - Temporal order 
 
Example: 
 In 2007, Rowling described her religious background in an 
interview with the Dutch newspaper the Volkskrant 
 From when I was 13, 14 I went to church alone. I found it very 
interesting what was being said there, and I believed in it. When I 
went to university, I became more critical. I got more annoyed 
with the smugness of 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
 religious people and I went to church less and less. Now I'm at the 
point where I started: yes, I believe. And yes, I go to the church. A 
Protestant church here in Edinburgh. My husband is also raised 
Protestant, but he comes from a very strict Scottish group. One 
where they couldn't sing and talk 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
• B - Chronological order 
 
 
Example: 
 
 Our initial model has two components: (1) a pairwise classifier 
between events, and (2) a global constraint satisfaction layer that 
maximizes the confidence scores from the classifier. The first is 
based on previous work (Mani et al., 2006; Chambers et al., 2007) 
and the second is a novel contribution to event- classification 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
 
C - Cause and effect 
 What I do instead is, from the moment I feel the 
infection coming on, I drink lots of hot fluids, take 500 
to 1,000 milligrams of vitamin C four times a day, suck 
on a zinc lozenge every two waking hours, and mix half 
a teaspoon of tincture of echinacea, an immune-
boosting herb, into juice or tea three times a day. 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TOPROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
 If we hope to preserve antibiotic effectiveness, it's up to us, the 
public, to convince doctors to prescribe these drugs only when 
they're necessary. This from-the- bottom-up approach is nothing 
new. Health consumers have taken the lead in showing doctors 
the value of fitness, nutrition, and alternative therapies. It's time 
we get serious about antibiotics. 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
 
4- Whenever we talk about text types, we will refer to: 
a - narrative texts- describe real or imaginary happenings which , 
to a certain extent, are linked to each other. 
 
"The barber was cutting our hair, and our eyes were closed--as they 
are so likely to be. . . . Deep in a world of our own, he heard, from 
far away, a voice saying goodbye. It was a customer of the shop, 
leaving. 'Goodbye,' he said to the barbers. 'Goodbye,' echoed the 
barbers. And without ever returning to consciousness, or opening our 
eyes, or thinking, we joined in. 'Goodbye,' we said, before we could 
Catch ourselves. Then, all at once, the sadness of the occasion struck 
us, the awful dolor of bidding farewell to someone we had never 
seen. We have since wondered what he looked like, and whether it 
was really goodbye." 
 
(E.B. White, "Sadness of Parting." The New Yorker, May 4, 1935) 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
 
b- argumentative texts- texts which develop themselves by means 
of logical resources 
 
 
World Hunger Essay 
No wonder that so many people nowadays live beyond the borderline 
to poverty and do not have basic needs in order to survive. Global 
stratification has put these counties in the lowest division and has 
called them “Third World countries” or if to speak in financial terms 
“low-income nations”. Second World nations are nations with 
moderate development patterns. The major condition in order to 
belong to the First World is wealth. 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
c- descriptive texts- description of reality or fiction which they are 
based on 
 
 As the morning slowly dawns and the sun begins to beam through 
the light boxes on the top of the spacious classrooms, the tables 
and chairs begin to glow. Around the edge of the child’s 
playground the golden and red leaves begin to whistle in the wind 
like the sound of a child’s toy, whilst the sound of the crying 
babies echoes through the grounds of Birds Bush Primary School as 
if it were a stuck record. When the children have arrived and the 
playground has began to fill with fragile, pleasant little children 
ready for new day of fun learning.... 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
d- expository texts- texts used to give information about something 
 
Love! Not For Everyone Poets and philosophers for centuries have 
been trying to answer the question, what is love? Love has an infinite 
number of definitions, which vary from one person to another. Love 
cannot be measured by any physical means. One may never know 
what true love is until love it- self has been experienced. What is 
love? A four letter word that causes a person to behave in a way that 
is out of character. What is love? A first kiss, childhood crushes on a 
teacher or friend’s mom. What is love? A choice that people make by 
putting their partner’s wishes, desires and needs above everything 
else. What is love? The act of forgiveness, the infatuation with 
someone, the communication between two people. What is love? A 
friendship that turned into a lifelong commitment, that special 
Someone who has vowed to spend the rest of their lives to honor and 
protect, to love each other “till death do you part.” When in love 
nothing else in the world matters 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
e- injunctive texts- express an order given by the author to the 
reader 
 
 Instructions 
1 - Understand that senior citizens often learn differently than 
younger students, and require more individualized attention. Try to 
anticipate questions because many seniors might be too nervous to 
ask them. 
 
2- Show seniors respect and patience. Many seniors believe they 
cannot learn new things at their age, and view the computer as 
intimidating. By encouraging them and talking to them about their 
fears, you can help them to understand that they can learn this new 
technology. 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
5- What is text processing? 
 
It is very necessary to consider the following 
models when we want to discuss text 
processing: 
 
1- A bottom-up reading model is a reading model that 
• emphasizes the written or printed text 
• points out that reading is driven by a process that results in meaning 
(or, in other words, reading is driven by text), and proceeds from 
part to whole. 
 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
Here are some characteristics of a bottom-up approach to reading: 
Bottom-up models indicate that the reader needs to 
 
– identify letter features 
– link these features to recognize letters 
– combine letters to recognize spelling patterns 
– link spelling patterns to recognize words, and then proceed to 
sentence, paragraph and text-level processing. 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
 2- Top-down reading models suggest that processing of a text 
begins in the mind of the readers with 
 
– meaning-driven processes, or an assumption about the meaning 
of a text. 
 
– From this perspective, readers identify letters and words only 
to 
– confirm their assumptions about the meaning of the text. 
 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
 The proponents generally agree that comprehension is the basis 
for decoding skills, not a singular result, and meaning is brought to 
print, not derived from print. 
 
 Definition 
 
 A top-down reading model is a reading model that 
 
 • emphasizes what the reader brings to the text 
 • points out reading is driven by meaning, and proceeds from 
whole to part. 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
 An interactive model 
 
 An interactive reading model is able to combine the valid insights 
of bottom-up and top-down models. It takes into account the 
strong points of the bottom-up and top-down models, and tries to 
avoid the criticisms posed against each, making it one of the most 
promising approaches to the theory of reading today. 
 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
 5- The behavior of an efficient reader 
 
 We think that an efficient reader should use a think-aloud 
procedure to identify relations between certain typesof reading 
strategies and successful or unsuccessful second language reading. 
The successful reader, for example, keeps the meaning of the 
passage in mind while reading, read in broad phrases, skips 
inconsequential or less important words, and has a positive self-
concept as a reader. The unsuccessful reader on the other hand, 
loses the meaning of the sentences when decoded, read in short 
phrases, ponders over inconsequential words, seldom skips words 
as unimportant, and has a negative self-concept 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
 We can conclude that less effective readers often have 
misconceptions about the reading process, fail to monitor their 
comprehension, underutilize effective reading strategies, and 
employ fewer reading strategies when reading. Skilled readers, on 
the other hand, know and use many different strategies in coming 
to terms with text. They employ both "bottom-up" and "top-down" 
reading strategies, use a wider range of strategies and use them 
more frequently, and employ metacognitive knowledge, that is 
knowledge and when and how comprehension and monitoring 
processes apply. 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
 
7- Poema: O que é letramento? 
 De: Kate M. Chong 
 Letramento não é um gancho 
 Em que se pendura cada som enunciado, 
 Não é treinamento repetitivo 
 De uma habilidade, 
 Nem um martelo quebrando blocos de gramática. 
 
 Letramento é diversão 
 é leitura à luz de vela 
 ou lá fora, à luz do sol 
 
 São notícias sobre o presidente, 
 O tempo, os artistas da TV 
 E mesmo Mônica e Cebolinha 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
 É uma receita de biscoito, 
 Uma lista de compras, recados colados na geladeira, 
 Um bilhete de amor, 
 Telegramas de parabéns e cartas 
 De velhos amigos. 
 
É viajar para países desconhecidos, 
Sem deixar sua cama, 
É rir e chorar 
Com personagens, heróis e grandes 
amigos. 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
É um atlas do mundo 
Sinais de trânsito, caças ao tesouro 
Manuais, instruções, guias, 
E orientações em bulas de remédios, 
Para que você não fique perdido. 
 
 Letramento é, sobretudo 
 Um mapa do coração do homem 
 Um mapa de quem você é, 
 E de tudo que você pode ser. 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
1- After reading the text above, mark the most suitable options: 
 
You can be considered a skilful and competent reader when 
a- you can read varied texts 
b- you can read the words in the texts 
c- you can read different books 
d- you can “read” the world, that is, you are able to establish social 
 and cultural interactions while reading 
e - you can read books appointed by your teachers 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
1- After reading the text above, mark the most suitable options: 
 
You can be considered a skilful and competent reader when 
a- you can read varied texts 
b- you can read the words in the texts 
c- you can read different books 
d- you can “read” the world, that is, you are able to establish social 
 and cultural interactions while reading 
e - you can read books appointed by your teachers 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
2 - The genre of the text above is: 
a- a poem 
b- a fable 
c- a novel 
d- an ad 
e- a manual 
 
 
3- Texts types involve 
a- the order of events 
b- the importance of events 
d- cause and effect 
d- reading strategies 
e- the ways texts ate presented, that is to narrate or describe events 
among others) 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
2 - The genre of the text above is: 
a- a poem 
b- a fable 
c- a novel 
d- an ad 
e- a manual 
 
 
3- Texts types involve 
a- the order of events 
b- the importance of events 
d- cause and effect 
d- reading strategies 
e- the ways texts ate presented, that is to narrate or describe events 
among others) 
 
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOTE KNOWLEDGE AND A PROFICIENT READER – AULA1 
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
2 - The genre of the text above is: 
a- a poem 
b- a fable 
c- a novel 
d- an ad 
e- a manual 
 
 
3- Texts types involve 
a- the order of events 
b- the importance of events 
d- cause and effect 
d- reading strategies 
e- the ways texts ate presented, that is to narrate or describe events 
among others)